INQUIRIES CONCERNING THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS, INCLUDING
REQUESTS FOR COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO

DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE
FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER
NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION DIVISION
PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CA 93940

TOPICS IN THE AREAS OF POLITICS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, MORES,
ETC., WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS CONTROVERSIAL FROM SOME POINTS OF
VIEW ARE SOMETIMES INCLUDED IN THESE MATERIALS, SINCE STUDENTS MAY
FIND THEMSELVES IN POSITIONS WHERE CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONVERSA-
TIONS OR WRITTEN MATERIALS OF THIS NATURE WILL BE ESSENTIAL. THE
PRESENCE OF CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENTS—WHETHER REAL OR APPARENT—IN
THESE MATERIALS IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING THE OPINIONS
OF THE WRITERS, OF THE DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE
CENTER, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OR OF ANY OF THE AGENCIES
WHICH SUPPORTED THIS EFFORT.

IN THIS PUBLICATION, THE WORDS “HE,” “HIM,” AND “HIS” DENOTE
BOTH MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDERS. THIS STATEMENT DOES NOT
APPLY TO TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTS.

STANDARD CHINESE

A MODULAR APPROACH

STUDENT TEXT

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

AUGUST 1979

[iii]

PREFACE

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency
conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to
address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language
training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to
reflect current usage in Běijīng and Taipei.

The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible
enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of
government agencies and academic institutions.

A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the
Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense
Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute,
the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S.
Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign
Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill,
John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph
C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James
R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard
T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George
Kozoriz (CFFLS).

The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 1974
in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six
U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other
assistance.

Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning
council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense
Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl
M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown
University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale was appointed
deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language
Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service
Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material
to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall
design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.

Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey,
Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close
cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of
the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional
formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and
also designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote
the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the
tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan
C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team
to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.

[iv]

All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan O.
Chao, Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li,
and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou
Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li
Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus
of dialogues.

Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent
Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C.
Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.

The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of
the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was
voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo,
Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms.
Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.

The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service
Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph
A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the
cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute,
Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language
Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University
of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.

Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants
of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized
the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the
course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts,
editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to
carry out these tasks.

James R. Frith, Chairman

Chinese Core Curriculum Project Board


[v]

CONTENTS

Preface........................................................ iii

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

  Objectives ...................................................   1
  Map of Běijīng ...............................................   2
  Map of Taipei ................................................   3
  Target Lists .................................................   4

  UNIT 1
    Reference List .............................................  12
    Vocabulary .................................................  14
    Reference Notes ............................................  15
      Using buses
      “When”
      “First,” “last,” “next,” “previous”
      Duō, “to be many,” and shǎo, “to be few”
    Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation) ...............  22
    Drills .....................................................  23

  UNIT 2
    Reference List .............................................  30
    Vocabulary .................................................  31
    Reference Notes ............................................  32
      The marker a and its variant ya
      The locational endings -shang and -li
      More on the marker ba
      The aspect marker ne
      “Then”: jiù, zài, cái
    Drills .....................................................  38

  UNIT 3
    Reference List .............................................  44
    Vocabulary .................................................  46
    Reference Notes ............................................  48
      The prepositional verb bǎ
      Adverbs expressing manner
    Drills .....................................................  51

  UNIT 4
    Reference List .............................................  59
    Vocabulary .................................................  61
    Reference Notes ............................................  62
      Choice questions with háíshi
      More on topics and comments
      Compound verbs of result
    Drills .....................................................  67

  UNIT 5
    Reference List .............................................  72
    Vocabulary .................................................  74

[vi]

    Reference Notes ............................................  75
      Distances
      Approximate numbers
      Ban, “one half”
    Drills .....................................................  80

  UNIT 6
    Reference List .............................................  87
    Vocabulary .................................................  89
    Reference Notes ............................................  91
      More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs)
      Compound verbs of direction
      More on new-situation le
    Drills .....................................................  96

  UNIT 7
    Reference List ............................................. 101
    Vocabulary ................................................. 103
    Reference Notes ............................................ 105
     More on compound verbs of result
     “If”
    Vocabulary Booster (Animals) ............................... 110
    Drills ..................................................... 111

  UNIT 8
    Reference List.............................................. 117
    Vocabulary.................................................. 119
    Reference Notes ............................................ 121
      “Why” and “because”
      Time NOT spent
      “All,” “not all,” “all...not”
      “Again”: yòu, zài
    Drills ..................................................... 129

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

  Objectives ................................................... 135
  Target Lists ................................................. 136

  UNIT 1
    Reference List ..............................................144
    Vocabulary ................................................. 146
    Reference Notes ............................................ 147
      Making an appointment
      Gēn for “and” and gēn for “with”
      Three words for “time’’
      The prepositional verb duì, “to,” “towards,” “facing”
      Comparisons: “more than”
      More on compound verbs of result
    Drills ..................................................... 155

[vii]

  UNIT 2
    Reference List ............................................. 161
    Vocabulary ................................................. 163
    Reference Notes ............................................ 161
      Making phone calls
      The aspect marker zài for ongoing action
      “Whatever,” “whenever,” “whoever,” “wherever”
      Verbs and general objects
    Vocabulary Booster (Occupations) ........................... 171
    Drills ..................................................... 173

  UNIT 3
    Reference List ............................................. 178
    Vocabulary  ................................................ 180
    Reference Notes ............................................ 181
      Extending an invitation
      “Not only...but also...”
      Comparisons: “equal to,” “alike”
      “Anyone,” “anything,” “anyplace,” “anytime”
      Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs
      “Furthermore”
    Drills ..................................................... 188

  UNIT 4
    Reference List ............................................. 191
    Vocabulary ................................................  196
    Reference Notes ...........................................  197
      Meeting people
      More on completion le
      The prepositional verb xiàng, “facing”
      Duō and shǎo as adverbs
    Vocabulary Booster (Opposites) ............................. 201
    Drills ..................................................... 201

  UNIT 5
    Reference List ............................................. 208
    Vocabulary ................................................. 210
    Reference Notes ............................................ 212
      Taking and leaving messages
      Changing an appointment
      The prepositional verb bǎ
      Gāng and gāngcái
      More on compound verbs of result
    Drills ..................................................... 220

  UNIT 6
    Reference List ............................................. 225
    Vocabulary ................................................. 227
    Reference Notes ............................................ 229
      Invitation to lunch
      Comparisons: “less than”
                   “even more”
      Comparison overview
      Sentence patterns: “although” and “both...and...”
    Drills ..................................................... 235

[viii]

  UNIT 7
    Reference List ............................................. 241
    Vocabulary ................................................. 243
    Reference Notes ............................................ 244
      Arranging an introduction
      Using word order to express “the” and “a”
      Objects of reduplicated verbs
      Three-part motion verbs
      Verbs for “remember” and “forget”
    Drills ..................................................... 253

  UNIT 8
    Reference List ............................................. 258
    Vocabulary ................................................. 259
    Reference Notes ............................................ 261
      Declining invitations
      The prepositional verb tì, “in place of”
      More on compound verbs of result
      Comparison: néng, kéyi, huì
    Drills ..................................................... 266


[135]

                  MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

The Meeting Module (MTG) will provide you with the skills needed to
arrange meetings or social gatherings, to greet people, to make
introductions, and to accept or decline invitations in Chinese.

Before starting this module, you must take and pass the TRN Criterion
Test.

The MTG Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, but material
from ORN, BIO, MON, DIR, TRN, and associated resource modules is also
included.


OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of this module, the student should be able to

  1.  Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the MTG
      Target Lists.

  2.  Say any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists when cued with
      English equivalent.

  3.  Make and respond to introductions with appropriate polite
      questions and answers.

  4.  Make phone calls and leave messages.

  5.  Arrange a meeting (time and place) with someone by talking with
      him or his secretary either in person or by phone.

  6.  Request that the time of a meeting be changed.

  7.  Invite a person to lunch, deciding on the time and the restaurant.

  8.  Arrange a social gathering for a specific time of day, inviting
      guests to his home and encouraging them to accept the invitation.

  9.  Greet guests upon their arrival at his home.

  10. Accept/decline a social/business invitation with the appropriate
      degree of politeness.


[136]

                        UNIT 1 TARGET LIST

      喂, 你是朱科長嗎？
  1.  Wèi，nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma?       Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?

      是。您是哪位？
      Shì. Nín shi něiwèi?             Yes. Who is this, please?

      我是威廉馬丁。
      Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.           I’m William Martin.

      哦, 馬丁先生, 好久不見。
      Òu，Mǎdīng Xiānsheng，hǎo jiǔ      Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen
       bú jiàn.                        you for a long time.

      我有點兒事想跟您當面談談。
  2.  Wo yǒu diǎnr shì xiǎng gēn       I have something I would like to
      nín dāngmiàn tántan.             talk with you about in person.

      您有功夫沒有？
  3.  Nín yǒu gōngfu meiyou?           Do you have any free time?

      什麽時候對您合適？
  4.  Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?     What time would suit you?

      三點比兩點方便一點兒。因爲一會兒
      出去，也許兩點回不來。
  5.  Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian    Three would be more convenient than
      yìdiǎnr. Yīnwei wǒ yìhuǐr        two. Since I’m going out in a
      chūqu，yěxǔ liǎngdiǎn             little while, I might not be able
      huíbulái.                        to get back by two.

      那麽, 我三點鐘在樓下的會客室等您。
      Nàme，wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng zài        Well then, I’ll wait for you in the
      lóuxiàde huìkèshì děng nín.      reception room downstairs at
                                       three o’clock.


ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


  6.  huídelái            回得來        to be able to get back in time


  7.  kòng(r)             空(兒)        free time, spare time


  8.  lóushàng            樓上          upstairs


  9.  shāngliang          商量          to discuss, to talk over


  10. yǒu kòng(r)         有空(兒)      to have free time

[137]

    喂, 美大司
1.  Wèi，Mēidàsī.                       Hello. Department of American and
                                       Oceanic Affairs.

    我是加拿大大使館的喬治達菲。我有
    一件事想跟王科長講一講。
    Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎnde         I am George Duffy of the Canadian
    Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn       Embassy. I have something I
    shì xiǎng gēn Wáng Kēzhǎng         would like to discuss with Section
    jiǎng-yijiǎng.                     Chief Wáng.

    王科長現在在開會。等她開完會我告訴告誦
    她給你回電話。
2.  Wáng Kēzhǎng xiànzài zài kāi huì.  Section Chief Wáng is at a meeting
    Děng tā kāiwán huì wǒ gàosong      now. When she is finished with the
    tā gěi ni huí diànhuà.             meeting, I will tell her to return
                                       your call.
    好，謝謝你。
3.  Hǎo, xièxie ni.                    Fine. Thank you.

    不謝
    Bú xiè.                            Don’t mention it.

    你打電話來的時候我沒時間跟你説話。
4.  Nǐ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wǒ      When you called here, I didn’t have
    méi shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà.       time to speak with you.

    沒關係
    Méi guānxi.                        It doesn’t matter.

    我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
5.  Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi        The reason I called you is that I
    shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn          would like to talk with you in
    tántan.                            person.

    你明天能不能到我這兒來？
    Nǐ míngtiān něng bu néng dào       Can you come over here tomorrow?
    wǒ zhěr lái?

    可以。明天什麽時候都可以。
    Kéyi. Míngtiān shénme shíhou       Yes. Any time tomorrow would be
    dōu kéyi.                          fine.


ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


6.  guānxi                關係          relation, relationship, connection


7.  jiǎng huà             講話          to speak, to talk; a speech


8.  lǐngshiguǎn           領事館        consulate


9.  shìqing (yíjiàn)      事情 (一件)    matter, business, affair


10. sīzhǎng               司長          department chief


11. yǒu guānxi            有關係        to relate to, to have a bearing on,
                                       to matter

[138]

UNIT 3 TARGET LIST

    我想下個星期六請您到我們家來
    吃個便飯。
1.  Wǒ xiǎng xiàge Xīngqīliù           I would like to invite you to come
    qǐng nín dào wǒmen jiā             to our house for a simple meal
    lái chī ge biànfàn.                on Saturday of next week.

    您何必這麽客氣？
    Nín hébì zhème kèqi?              Why is it necessary to be so polite?

    我有一個美國朋友在臺灣大學教書。
    很想給你們兩位介紹介紹。
2.  Wǒ yǒu yige Měiguo péngyou        I have an American friend who
    zài Táiwān Dàxué jiāo shū.        teaches at Táiwān University. I
    Hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi      would very much like to introduce
    jièshao jièshao.                  the two of you.

    你太好了！
    Nà tài hǎo le!                    That’s wonderful!

    我很希望跟你朋友談談。
3.  Wǒ hěn xǐwang gēn ni péngyou      I wish very much to talk with your
    tántan.                           friend.

    不過，恐怕我的英文不行。
    Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù     However, I’m afraid that my English
    xíng.                             isn’t good enough.

    不但説得不好，有時候也聽不懂。
    Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, yǒu shíhou   Not only don’t I speak well, (but)
    yě tīngbudǒng.                    sometimes I can’t understand what
                                      I hear either.
    你説得跟美國人一樣。
4.  Nǐ shuōde gēn Měiguo rén          You speak as well as an American.
    yíyàng hǎo.

    我沒請什麽人；很隨便。
5.  Wǒ méi qǐng shénme rén; hěn       I haven’t invited anyone special;
    suíbiàn.                          it’s very informal.

    那就先謝了。
    Nà jiù xiān xiè le.               Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.



ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


6.  bù tóng               不同          to be different

7.  chá                   茶           tea

8.  chī fàn               吃飯          to eat, to have a meal

9.  dànshi                但是          but

10. érqiě                 而且          furthermore, moreover

11. fàn                   飯           (cooked) rice

12. hē                    喝           to drink

13. jiāo shū              教書          to teach


[139]

UNIT 4 TARGET LIST

    何教授，歡迎，歡迎。請進。
1.  Hé Jiàoshòu, huānyíng, huānyíng.  Professor Hollins, welcome. Please
    Qǐng jìn.                         come in.

    這是一點小意思。
    Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.         Here is a small token of
                                      appreciation.

    我知道您喜歡山水畫。
2.  Wǒ zhīdao nín xǐhuan shānshuǐ     I know you like landscape painting.
    huà.

    特別請朋友給您畫一張。
    Tèbiě qǐng péngyou gěi nín        I asked a friend to paint one
    huàle yìzhāng.                    especially for you.

    這位是何教授，在台大教書。
3.  Zhèiwèi shi Hé Jiàoshòu, zài      This is Professor Hollins, who
    Táidà jiāo shū.                   teaches at Táiwān University.

    久仰，久仰。
    Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng.                 Glad to meet you.

   我還有很多不熟悉的地方要向您請教。
4. Wǒ hái yǒu hěn duō bù shóuxide     There is still much I’m not familiar
   dìfang yào xiàng nín qǐngjiào.     with that I need to ask your
                                      advice about.
    希望以後有機會多見面。
5.  Xǐwang yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō        I hope that in the future we will
    jiànmiàn.                         have an opportunity to meet more.



ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


6.  fāngfǎ                方法          method, way, means

7.  fázi                  法子          method, way

8.  huàr                  畫兒          painting (Běijīng pronunciation)

9.  qǐng zuò              請坐          please sit down

10. shèhuìxué             社會學        sociology

11. túshūguǎn             圖書館        library

12. zuò                   坐           to sit


[140]

UNIT 5 TARGET LIST

    喂
1.  Wài.                              Hello.

    喂，外交部嗎？我要找林司長説話。
    Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào     Hello. Is this the Ministry of
    zhǎo Lín Sīzhǎng shuō huà.        Foreign Affairs? I want to speak
                                      with Department Chief Lin.

    您是那兒啊？
    Nín shi nǎr a?                    Who is this?

    我是法國商務經濟官。
    Wǒ shi Fǎguo Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.  I am the French Commercial/Economics
                                      Officer.

    林司長這會兒不在。
2.  Lin Sīzhǎng zhèihuír bú zài.      Department Chief Lin is not here at
    Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?           the moment. Would you like to
                                      leave a message?

    我把您的電話號兒寫下來。
3.  Wǒ bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr        I’ll write down your phone number.
    xiěxiàlái.

    對不起，你剛才給我打電話，我不在。
4.  Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcái gěi wo da     I’m sorry. When you called me just
    diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.               now, I wasn’t in.

    我那天跟您約好了今天到辦公室去談談。
5.  Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole       The other day I made an appointment
    jīntiān dào nín bàngōngshì        with you to go to your office
    qu tántan.                        today for a talk.

    因爲我有一件要緊的事，所以不能今天去。
    Yīnwei wǒ yǒu yíjiàn yàojǐnde     Because I have an urgent business
    shì, suóyi bù néng jīntiān        matter, I can’t go today.
    qù.

    改到明天行不行？
    Gǎi dào míngtiān xíng bu xíng?    Would it be all right to change it
                                      [the appointment] to tomorrow?



ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


6.  háishi                還是          still

7.  wàiguo                外國          foreign, abroad

8.  wàiguo rén            外國人        foreigner (non-Chinese)

9.  wūzi (yìjiān)         屋子 (一間)    room

10. yāo                   幺           one (telephone pronunciation)


[141]

UNIT 6 TARGET LIST

    我們到東門餐廳去吃中飯，好不好？
1.  Wǒmen dào Dōngmén Cāntīng qù      Let’s go to the East Gate Restaurant
    chī zhōngfàn, hǎo bu hǎo?         to eat lunch. Okay?

    東門的菜沒有大華菜那麽好。
    Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuáde      The food at the East Gate isn’t as
    cài nàme hǎo.                     good as the food at the Great
                                      China.
    雖然不太好，可是離這裏近。
2.  Suírán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí       Even though it [East Gate] is not
    zhèli jìn.                        too good, it is close to us.

    還有一個新開的飯館子離我們這裏更近。
    Hái yǒu yíge xīn kāide            There is also a newly opened
    fànguǎnzi lí wǒmen zhèli          restaurant that is even closer
    gèng jìn.                         to us.

    它們那裏菜非常好。今天我請你到那裏去吃。
3.  Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng hǎo.    The food there is extremely good.
    Jīntiān wǒ qǐng ni dào nàli       Today I am going to invite you to
    qù chī.                           go there to eat.

    那不好意思！
    Nà bù hǎo yìsi!                   I can’t let you do that!
                                      (That would be too embarrassing!)
    大華的菜又好又便宜。
4.  Dàhuáde cài yòu hǎo yòu piǎnyi.   The food at the Great China is both
                                      good and cheap.
    也有好些菜別的地方吃不找。
    Yě yǒu hǎoxiē cài biéde dìfang    They also have a good many dishes
    chībuzháo.                        that you can’t find (at) other
                                      places.
    你説的地方一定好。
5.  Nǐ shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.      Any place you suggest is sure to
                                      be good.



ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


6.  bù yídìng             不一定        not necessarily; it’s not definite


7.  kànfa                 看法          opinion, view


8.  wǎnfàn                晚飯          supper, dinner


9.  xiǎngfa               想法          idea, opinion


10. yìxiē                 一些          some, several, a few


11. zǎofàn                早飯          breakfast


12. zuòfa                 做法          way of doing things, method, practice


[142]

UNIT 7 TARGET LIST

    我有一件事想跟您打聽打聽。
1.  Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn       I have something I would like to
    nín dǎting dǎting.                ask you about.

    聽説您那邊新來了一位方先生；他的名字
    我忘記了。
    Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile     I have heard that you recently had
    yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng; tāde        a Mr. Fang join you. I have
    míngzi wǒ wàngji le.              forgotten his given name.

    不錯，方德明是上個禮拜派到我們這裏
    來的。
2.  Bú cuò, Fāng Démíng shi shàngge   That’s right. Fang Deming was sent
    líbài pài dào wǒmen zhèli         over here last week.
    láide.

    怎麽？你認識他嗎？
    Zěnme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma?           Why? Do you know him?

    我是加州大學畢業的。
3.  Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède.      I graduated from the University of
                                      California.
    你能不能馬上到我辦公室來？
4.  Nǐ néng bu néng mǎshàng dào wo    Can you come to my office right
    bàngōngshì lái?                   away?

    沒問題。差不多半個鐘頭就到。
    Méi wèntí. Chàbuduō bànge         No problem. I’ll be there in about
    zhōngtóu jiù dào.                 half an hour.



ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


5.  jìde                  記得         to remember

6.  rènde                 認得         to recognize, to know (alternate
                                      word for rènshi)
7.  rènshi zì             認識字            to know how to read (literally, “to
                                      recognize characters”)
8.  wàng                  忘          to forget (alternate word for
                                      wàngji, especially in the sense of
                                      forgetting to DO something)

9.  wánquán               完全          completely

10. xiǎngqilai            想起來        to think of, to remember

11. zuǒyòu                左右          approximately


[143]

UNIT 8 TARGET LIST

    喂，這是禮賓司。
1.  Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī.            Hello. This is the Protocol
                                      Department.
    喂，我是萊登大使的秘書。
    Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshǐde       Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s
    mìshū.                            secretary.

    大使接著你們的請帖了。
2.  Dàshǐ jiēzháo nǐmende qǐngtiě     The ambassador received your
    le.                               invitation.

    很可惜因爲他有事，八月九號不能來。
    Hěn kěxī yīnwei tā yǒu shì,       Unfortunately, because he has a
    Báyuè jiǔhào bù néng lái.         previous engagement, he cannot
                                      come on August 9。
    請你轉告譙部長。
    Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng.    Please inform Minister Qiao.

    很抱歉。
    Hěn bāoqiàn.                      I’m very sorry.

    很遺憾，他不能來。
3.  Hěn yíhàn, tā bù néng lái.        We very much regret that he cannot
                                      come.
    我替你轉告一下。
    Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.          I will pass on the message for you.

    希望以後在找機會聚一聚吧。
4.  Xīwang yǐhòu zài zhǎo jīhui       I hope that later we will find
    jùyijù ba.                        another opportunity to get together.

    真不巧，沒辦法去。
5.  Zhēn bù qiǎo, méi bànfa qù.       I really couldn’t make that; I have
                                      no way of going.
    我們有幾個同學計劃到長城去玩兒。
6.  Wǒmen yǒu jige tóngxué jìhua      A few of us students are planning
    dào Chángchéng qù wánr.           to go to the Great Wall for an
                                      outing.



ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


7.  dàjiā                 大家          everybody, everyone

8.  jiēdào                接到         to receive (alternate form of
                                      jiēzháo)

9.  tóngshì               同事         fellow worker, colleague


10. yīnggāi               應該         should, ought to, must


[144]

UNIT 1

REFERENCE LIST

(in Běijīng)

       喂
1.  B: Wéi.                            Hello.

       喂，你是朱科長嗎？
    A: Wài, nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma?     Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?

       是。您是哪位？
    B: Shì. Nín shi něiwèi?            Yes. Who is this, please?

       我是威廉馬丁。
    A: Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.          I’m William Martin.

       哦，馬丁先生，好久不見。你好啊？
   *B: Òu, Madīng Xiānsheng, hǎo       Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you
       jiǔ bú jiàn. Nǐ hǎo a?          for quite a while. How are you?

       好。你好啊？
    A: Hǎo. Nǐ hǎo a?                  Fine. How are you?

       我有點兒事想跟您當面談談。
2.  A: Wǒ yōu diǎnr shì xiǎng gēn      I have something I would like to
       nín dāngmiàn tántan.            talk with you about in person.

       不知道您有工夫沒有。
3.  A: Bù zhīdào nín yǒu gōngfu        I don’t know whether you have the
       meiyou.                         time or not.

       有功夫
    B: Yǒu gōngfu.                     I have the time.

       什麽時候對您合適？
4.  A: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?    What time would suit you?

       今天，明天都可以。
    B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi.     Either today or tomorrow would be
                                       fine.
       今天下午兩點鐘方便嗎？
5.  A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn         Would two o’clock today be
       zhōng fāngbian ma?              convenient?

       三點比兩點方便一點兒。
    B: Sāndiǎn bī liǎngdiǎn            Three would be more convenient than
       fāngbian yìdiǎnr.               two.

       因爲我一會兒出去，也許兩點回不來。
6.  B: Yīnwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yěxǔ    Since I’m going out in a little
       liǎngdiǎn huíbulái.             while, I might not be able to get
                                       back by two.
       三點鐘也好。
    A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yě hǎo.           Three is fine also.

* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape

[145]
       那麽，我三點鐘在樓下的會客室等您。
7.  B: Nàme, wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng zài     Well then, I’ll wait for you in the
       lóuxiàde huìkèshì děng         reception room downstairs at
       nín.                           three o’clock.

       好，三點見。
    A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn jiàn.             Fine. I’ll see you at three.



ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


8.  huídelái              回得來        to be able to get back in time


9.  kòng(r)               空兒          free time, spare time


10. lóushàng              樓上          upstairs


11. shāngliang            商量          to discuss, to talk over


12. yǒu kòng(r)           有空兒        to have free time


[146]

VOCABULARY


  bǐ                      比           compared with, than

  dāngmiàn                當面          in person, face to face

  duì                     對           to, towards; with regard to, with
                                       respect to

  gōngfu                  功夫          free time, spare time

  héshì                   合適          to be suitable, to be appropriate,
                                       to fit

  huíbulái                回不來        to be unable to get back

  huídelái                回得來        to be able to get back in time

  huìkèshì (huìkèshǐ)     會客室        reception room

  kēzhǎng                 科長          section chief

  kòng(r)                 空兒          free time, spare time

  lóushàng                樓上          upstairs

  lóuxià                  樓下          downstairs

  nàme                    那麽          well, then, in that case

  shāngliang              商量          to discuss, to talk over

  tán                     談           to chat, to talk about

  wéi                     喂           hello (telephone greeting)

  yěxǔ                    也許          perhaps, maybe

  yìhuǐr                  一會兒        a moment

  yǒu gōngfu              有功夫        to have free time

  yǒu kòng(r)             有空兒        to have free time


(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)

  chūkǒu gōngsī           出口公司      export company

  huì kè                  會客          to receive guests

  xiē                     些           several, some

  yǒu yòng                有用          to be useful


[147]

REFERENCE NOTES

       喂
1.  B: Wéi.    Hello.

       喂，你是朱科長嗎？
    A: Wài, nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma?     Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?

       是。您是哪位？
    B: Shì. Nín shi něiwèi?            Yes. Who is this, please?

       我是威廉馬丁。
    A: Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.          I’m William Martin.

       哦，馬丁先生，好久不見。你好啊？
    B: Òu, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo       Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you
       jiǔ bú jiàn. Nǐ hǎo a?          for quite a while. How are you?

       好。你好啊？
    A: Hǎo. Nǐ hǎo a?                  Fine. How are you?

Notes on No. 1

Wéi is a greeting used in telephone conversations for “hello.” Some
speakers pronounce this greeting as wài. Unlike most Chinese words, wèi
has no fixed tone. The intonation varies according to the speaker’s mood.

Kēzhǎng: Kē means “section,” and zhǎng means “head of an organization.”
Here are some examples of how -zhǎng，“chief,” “head,” is used:


  kē                      科           section

  kēzhǎng                 科長          section chief

  chù                     処            division

  chùzhǎng                処長          division chief

  xuéxiào                 學校          school

  xiàozhǎng               校長          principal, headmaster


Nín shi něiwèi? Note the use of the polite terms nín and něiwèi. In
the English translation, politeness is expressed by the use of the more
indirect “Who is this” instead of “Who are you” and also by “please.”

Hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn, “I haven’t seen you for quite a while,” is
interchangeable with hǎo jiǔ méi jiàn.


      我有點兒事想跟您當面談談。
2. A: Wǒ yǒu dianr shì xiǎng gēn       I have something I would like to
      nín dāngmiàn tántan.             talk with you about in person.

Notes on No. 2

Gēn: In No. 2 the word gēn is a prepositional verb translated as
“with.” The preposition gēn, “with,” differs from the conjunction gēn,
“and,” in two important ways: a) where stress may be placed b) where
the negative may be placed.

[148]

(a) When gēn is used as the conjunction “and,” both items being joined
are stressed and keep their tones. When gēn is used as the prepositional
verb “with,” a pronoun which follows is unstressed and loses its tone.
Notice the contrasting tones on tā in the following sentences:

  我跟他都來了。
  Wǒ gēn tǎ dōu lái le.                Both he and I came.

  我跟他來。
  Wǒ gēn ta lái.                       I’ll come with him.

(b) To make negative a sentence containing the conjunction gēn, “and,”
the negative is placed with the main verb. In sentences containing the
prepositional verb gēn, “with,” the negative precedes the prepositional
verb. (You have seen this pattern with other prepositional verbs, for
example, zài [see BIO, Unit 2, notes on Nos. 8–11].) Notice the
contrasting positions of the negatives in the examples below:

  我跟他都沒有去。
  Wǒ gēn tā dōu méiyou qù.             Neither he nor I went.

  我沒有跟他去。
  Wǒ méiyou gēn ta qù.                 I didn’t go with him.


Dāngmiàn means “face-to-face.” Literally, dāng means “in the presence
of,” and miàn means “face.”


      不知道您有工夫沒有。
3. A: Bù zhīdào nín yǒu gōngfu         I don’t know whether you have the
      meiyou.                          time or not.

      有工夫。
   B: yǒu gōngfu.                      I have the time.

Note on No. 3

Gōngfu, “time,” “free time,” “leisure time,” refers to a period of
time during which a person is free, in the sense that his work may be
interrupted.

Now you know three words for “time”: shíhou, shíjiān, gōngfu Shíhou may
be used for either a point in time or an amount of time.

  你什麽時候走？
  Nǐ shénme shíhou zǒu?               When are you leaving?

  坐火車要走多少時候？
  Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao          How long does it take to go by train?
  shíhou?

Shíjiān refers to any amount of time, including the time when a person is
free.

  從這兒到飛機場要多少時間？
  Cóng zhèr dào fēijīchǎng            How long does it take from here to
  yào duōshao shíjiān?                the airport?

  今天沒有時間去。
  Jīntiān měiyou shíjiān              There isn’t time to go today,
  qù.

[149]

Gōngfu, however, is used only for amounts of time which a person has
available for his own use.

  你有沒有功夫跟我談談？
  Nǐ yǒu méiyou gōngfu gēn            Are you free to talk with me?
  wo tántan?


        什麽時候對您合適。
4.  A:  Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?  What time would suit you?

        今天，明天都可以。
    B:  Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi.   Either today or tomorrow would be
                                      fine.
Notes on No. 4

Duì, “to,” “towards,” “with regard to,” “with respect to,” is a
prepositional verb which originally meant “facing.” In modern Chinese,
its object introduces either the target of the action or the thing
concerned. Contrast this with gěi, “for”: the object introduced by gěi
receives the benefit of the action. These generalizations may help you
sort out some of the differences between duì and gěi. You might find
it helpful to memorize some examples, as well.

  duì INTRODUCING THE TARGET OF THE ACTION (“to”)

    你的話是對誰説的。
    Nǐde huà shi duì shéi shuōde?     To whom were you speaking?

    他對我很客氣。
    Tā duì wǒ hěn kèqi.               He is very polite to me.

    你對我太好。
    Nǐ duì wǒ tài hǎo.                You are too good to me.

  duì INTRODUCING THE THING CONCERNED (“with regard to,” “with respect to”)

    什麽時候對您合適？
    Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?      What time suits you?

    什麽時候對您方便？
    Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian?   What time is convenient for you?

Notice that the English is “for you” in the last example, but in Chinese
you must say “What time is convenient with regard to you?”

  gěi INTRODUCING THE BENEFICIARY

    我給他寫了信了。
    Wǒ gěi ta xiěle xìn le.           I wrote him a letter.

    這是一張十塊的，請您給我換換。
    Zhè shi yìzhāng shíkuàide,        Here’s a ten-dollar bill. Please
    qǐng ni gěi wǒ huànhuan.          change it for me.

    請你給我寫你的地址。
    Qǐng ni gěi wǒ xiě nǐde dìzhǐ.    Would you write down your address
                                      for me, please?

Héshì is an adjectival verb meaning “to fit,” “to suit,” “to be
suitable/appropriate.” When trying on clothes in a store, you might
say Zhèige bù héshì, “This doesn’t fit.” In another situation, héshì
could be translated very freely as “best”: Něitiān duì nín héshì?
“What day would be best for you?”

[150]

      今天下午兩點鐘方便嗎？
5. A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn         Would two o’clock today be convenient?
      zhōng fāngbian ma?

      三點比兩點方便一點兒。
   B: Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian   Three would be more convenient than
      yìdiǎnr.                        two.

Note on No. 5

Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr: Bǐ is a prepositional verb used
to make comparisons between two things which are different.* In translating,
you may find it helpful to think of bǐ as the English “compared with” or
“than.”** Notice that the bǐ phrase precedes the adjectival verb or another
predicate in a sentence.

*A different pattern is used to say that two things are the same. (See
MTG, Unit 3, notes on Nos. 4–5.)

**To say “A is not as ... as B,” you use a different construction, which
you will learn in MTG, Unit 6, notes on No. 2.


  三點          比             兩點         方便一點兒。
  Sāndiǎn      bǐ             liǎngdiǎn   fāngbian yìdiǎnr.
  (3 o’clock   than           2 o’clock   more convenient)
               compared with

    “Three is more convenient than two.”

  他     比              我   有      功夫。
  Tā     bǐ             wǒ   yǒu    gōngfu.
  (he    than           I    have   free time)
         compared with

    “He has more free time than I do.”

The two elements being compared may be nouns, pronouns, verb phrases, or
even full sentences. Actually, all elements Joined by bǐ act as nouns,
as seen in the English translations of the examples below.

  坐飛機        比              坐火車        快
  Zuò fēijī    bǐ             zuò huǒchē   kuài.
  (ride plane  than           ride train   fast)
               compared with

    “Going by plane is faster than going by train.”

[151]

  你來         比             我去     方便
  Nǐ lái      bǐ             wǒ qù   fāngbian.
  (you come   than           I go    convenient)
              compared with

    “It’s more convenient for you to come than for me to go.”


      因爲我一會兒出去，也許兩點回不來。
6. B: Yīnwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yěxǔ    Since I’m going out in a little
      liǎngdiǎn huíbulái.             while, I might not (he able to)
                                      get back by two.
      三點鐘也好。
   A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yě hǎo.           Three is fine also.

Notes on No. 6

Yìhuǐr, “a little while”: When r is added to a syllable ending in i,
the pronunciation changes to /er/. Yìhuǐr is actually pronounced yìhuěr.

Sentence placement of time phrases: Wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu is translated as
“I’m going out IN a little while.” Contrast this with wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr,
“I’m going out FOR a little while.” Let’s review the placement of different
kinds of time expressions in a Chinese sentence.

If you want to say when something happens (“yesterday”) or in how long
something happens (“in two years”), you are using time phrases which in
Chinese are considered to be POINTS IN TIME. Not only is a time phrase
such as “two o’clock” a point in time, but a phrase such as “five days”
can also be a point in time if the focus is on the end of this period of
time. In English, this focus is expressed by “in five days,” “by the end
of five days,” or “at the end of five days.” In Chinese, you do not need
to use words such as “in,” “at,” or “by” because the position of the time
phrase in the sentence indicates the meaning. Time phrases which are
considered points in time are placed BEFORE THE VERB.

  WHEN (a point in time)

    我昨天看見他了。
    Wǒ zuótiān kànjian ta le.          I saw him yesterday.

    我從前來過這裏。
    Wǒ cóngqián láiguo zhèli.          I have been here before.

    我兩點鐘回來。
    Wǒ liǎngdiǎn zhōng huílai.         I’ll be back at two o’clock.

    我一點鐘回不來。
    Wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng huíbulái.          I can’t make it back by one o’clock.

  AT THE END OF/BY THE END OF (a period of time which is treated as
                               a point in time because the focus is
                               on the end point)

    我三天就做完了。
    Wǒ sāntiān jiu zuòwán le.          I finished doing it in (by the end
                                       of) three days.
    我五分鐘就走。
    Wǒ wǔfēn zhōng jiu zǒu.            I’m leaving in (at the end of) five
                                       minutes.
[152]

    你幾天回來？
    Ni jǐtiān huílai?                  In (at the end of) how many days will
                                       you come back?
    你多久可以寫完？
    Nǐ duōjiu kéyi xiěwán?             How long will it be before yo9u can
                                       finish writing it? (by the end
                                       of how long)

On the other hand, phrases which express CONTINUATION OF TIME have a
different place in sentences. To express an amount of time which passes,
put the time expression AFTER THE VERB.

  DURATION (the length of time something continues)

    我想跟他談一會兒。
    Wǒ xiǎng gēn tā tán yìhuǐr.        I would like to talk with him for
                                       awhile.

    他在香港住了一個星期。
    Tā zài Xiānggǎng zhùle yíge        She stayed in Hong Kong for one week,
    xīngqī.

  TIME SINCE (the length of time which has passed since something
              happened)

    他死了三年了。
    Tā sǐle sānnian le.                He died three years ago.

    我做完了一個鐘頭了。
    Wǒ zuòwánle yíge zhòngtóu le.      It has been an hour since I finished.

Because yìhuír follows the verb in wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr, it indicates the length
of time which will pass after I go out (chūqu). Yìhuǐr precedes the verb
in wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, indicating when I will go out (“in a little while”).

Yěxǔ literally means “perhaps.” The word is often used where “may” or
“might” would be appropriate in English.

Yěxǔ liǎngdiān huíbulái, “I might not (be able to) get back by two”:
Notice that this expression liǎngdiān, in time-when position, before the
verb, means “by” a certain time. Other time phrases in this position may
also mean “by” a certain time.

Huíbulái is another form of huílái, “to come back.” Compound verbs of
result may be split by the negative bu or the syllable de. Huílái may
become either huídelái, “can come back,” or huíbulái, “can’t come back.”
These two forms are called the potential forms of the verb; that is, the
meaning “can/be able to” or “cannot/unable to” becomes part of the meaning
of the compound. The following are examples of compound verbs of result
and their potential forms.


  huílai                  回來          to come back

  huídelái                回得來        able to come back

  huíbulái                回不來        not able to come back

  kànjian                 看見          to see

  kàndejiàn               看得見        able to see

  kànbujiàn               看不見        not able to see

  láidejí                 來得及        able to make it on time

  láibují*                來不及        not able to make it on time

*The verb láidejí/láibují does not occur without the inserted -de- or -bu-.

[153]

  zuòwán                  做完          to finish doing

  zuòdewán                做得完         able to finished doing, able to be
                                       completed

  zuòbuwán                做不完        not able to finish doing, not able
                                       to be completed

Compound verbs of direction may also occur in the potential form:


  nábushànglái            拿不上來      can’t carry up [to where you are]
                                       (i.e., because something is too
                                       heavy or bulky)

  kāideshàngqu            開得上去      can drive up [away from you]
                                       (i.e., it is not too steep)

  kāidechūlái             開得出來      can drive out
                                       (i.e., the parking place is not
                                       too tight)

  nábuxiàlái              拿不下來      can’t get [it] down
                                       (i.e., because it is too high,
                                       bolted on, etc.)

  zǒudexiàqu              走得下去       can walk down
                                       (i.e., because it is not too far
                                       or too steep)

Notice that the last syllables of these compound verbs (except for toneless
qu) have full tones when they occur with -de- and -bu-.


      那麽，我三點鐘在樓下的會客室等您。
7. B: Nàme, wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng zài      Well then, I’ll wait for you in the
      louxiàde huìkèshì děng nín.     reception room downstairs at three
                                      o’clock.
      好，三點見。
   A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn jiàn.              Fine. I’ll see you at three.

Notes on No. 7

Word order: The first sentence of exchange 7 illustrates the rule
TIME—PLACE—ACTION.

Huìkèshì is also pronounced huìkèshǐ.

[154]

8.  huídelái              回得來        to be able to get back in time


9.  kòng(r)               有空          free time, spare time


10. lóushàng              樓上          upstairs


11. shāngliang            商量          to discuss, to talk over


12. yǒu kòng(r)           有空兒        to have free time


Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Here are some sentences illustrating the use of these vocabulary items:

  你三點鐘回得來回不來。
  Nǐ sāndiǎn zhōng huídelái            Can you make it back by three o’clock?
  huíbulái?

  樓上還有人。
  Lóushàng hái yǒu rén?                Are there still people upstairs?

  我想和你商量。
  Wǒ xiǎng hé nǐ shāngliang            I would like to talk over a matter
  yíjiàn shì.                          with you.

  你今天下午有空兒。
  Nǐ jīntiān xiàwǔ yǒu kòngr           Do you have time this afternoon?
  ma?

[155]

DRILLS

A. Substitution Drill

             我有點事想跟您當面談談。            我有點事想跟張科長當面談談。
1.  Speaker: Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng     You: Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn
             gēn nín dāngmiàn               Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn
             tántan.                        tántan.

                   張科長
             (cue) Zhāng Kēzhǎng
             (I have something I       (I have something I would like
              would like to talk        to talk with Section Chief
              with you about in         Zhāng about in person.)
              person.)

    我有點事想跟張科長當面談談。             我有點事想跟他當面談談。
2.  Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Zhāng    Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn tā
    Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.           dāngmiàn tántan.

    他
    tā

    我有點事想跟他當面談談。                我有點事想跟魏武官談談。
3.  Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn tā       Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Wèi
    dāngmiàn tántan.                   Wǔguān tántan.

    魏武官
    Wèi Wǔguān

    我有點事想跟魏武官當面談談。             我有點事想跟王少校當面談談。
4.  Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Wèi      Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Wáng
    Wǔguān dāngmiàn tántan.            Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.

    王少校
    Wáng Shàoxiào

    我有點事想跟王少校當面談談。             我有點事想跟林先生當面談談。
5.  Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Wáng     Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Lín
    Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.          Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan.

    林先生
    Lín Xiānsheng

    我有點事想跟林先生當面談談。             我有點事想跟劉科長當面談談。
6.  Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Lín      Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Liú
    Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan.         Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.

    劉科長
    Liú Kēzhǎng

    我有點事想跟劉科長當面談談。
7.  Wǒ yǒu diǎn shì xiǎng gēn Liú
    Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.


B.  Transformation Drill

             您明天來了嗎？                   不知道您明天來不來。
1.  Speaker: Nín míngtiān lái ma?      You: Bù zhīdào nín míngtiān lái
             (Are you coming                bu lái.
              tomorrow?)                    (I don’t know whether you are
                                             coming tomorrow or not.)

             他走了嗎？                       不知道他走了沒有。
          OR Tā zǒu le ma?                  Bù zhīdào tā zǒu le meiyou.
             (Has he gone?)                 (I don’t know whether he has
                                             gone or not.)

[156]

    您有功夫嗎？                         不知道您有功夫沒有。
2.  Nín yǒu gōngfu ma?                 Bù zhīdào nín yǒu gōngfu meiyou.

    他昨天去了嗎？                        不知道他昨天去了沒有。
3.  Tā zuótiān qù le ma?               Bù zhīdào tā zuótiān qù le meiyou,

    他有錢嗎？                           不知道他有錢沒有。
4.  Tā yǒu qiǎn ma?                    Bù zhīdào tā yǒu qián meiyou.

    他還要嗎？                           不知道他還要不要。
5.  Tā hái yào ma?                     Bù zhīdào tā hái yào bu yào.

    他買了嗎？                           不知道他買了沒有。
6.  Tā mǎi le ma?                      Bù zhīdào tā mǎi le meiyou.


C.  Transformation Drill

             什麽時候對您合適？                三點對您合適嗎？
1.  Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín     You: Sāndiǎn duì nín héshì ma?
             héshì?                    (Would three o’clock suit you?)

                   三點
             (cue) sāndiǎn
             (What time would suit
              you?)

    星期幾對您合適？                      星期二對您合適嗎？
2.  Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì?            Xīngqīèr duì nín héshì ma?

    星期二
    Xīngqīèr

    在幾樓對您合適？                      在五樓對您合適嗎？
3.  Zài jǐlou duì nín héshì?           Zài wǔlóu duì nín héshì ma?

    五樓
    wǔlóu

    對您合適？                           明天對您合適嗎？
4.  Něitiān duì nín héshì?             Míngtiān duì nín héshì ma?

    明天
    míngtiān

    什麽時候對您合適？                    早上對您合適嗎？
5.  Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?       Zǎoshang duì nín héshì ma?

    早上
    zǎoshang

    什麽時候對您合適？                    晚上對您合適嗎？
6.  Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?       Wǎnshang duì nín héshì ma?

    晚上
    wǎnshang

    幾點對您合適？                        十點對您合適嗎？
7.  Jǐdiǎn duì nín héshì?              Shídiǎn duì nín héshì ma?

    十點
    shídiǎn


[157]

D. Response Drill

             什麽時候對您合適？                今天，明天都可以。
1.  Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín     You: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi.
             héshì?                        (Either today or tomorrow
                                            would be fine.)
                   今天
             (cue) jīntiān
             (What time would suit
              you?)

    幾點對您合適？                        三點，四點都可以。
2.  Jǐdiǎn duì nín héshì?              Sāndiǎn, sìdiǎn dōu kéyi.

    三點
    sāndiǎn

    星期幾對您合適？                      星期一，星期二都可以。
3.  Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì?            Xīngqīyī, Xīngqīèr dōu kéyi,

    星期一
    Xīngqīyī

    幾號對您合適？                        四號，五號都可以。
4.  Jǐhào duì nín héshì?               Sìhào, wǔhào dōu kéyi.

    四號
    sìhào

    什麽時候對您合適？                    上午，下午都可以。
5.  Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?       Shàngwǔ, xiàwǔ dōu kéyi.

    上午
    shàngwǔ

    哪天對您合適？                        明天，後天都可以。
6.  Něitiān duì nín héshì?             Míngtiān, hòutiān dōu kéyi.

    明天
    míngtiān

    星期幾對您合適？                      星期六星期天都可以。
7.  Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì?            Xīngqīliù, Xīngqītiān dōu kéyi.

    星期六
    Xīngqīliù


E. Transformation Drill

             什麽地方對您方便？                樓上對您方便，還是樓下對您方便？
1.  Speaker: Shénme dìfang duì nín     You: lóushàng duì nín fāngbian,
             fāngbian?                      háishi lóuxià duì nín
                                            fāngbian?
                   樓上                      (Would upstairs or downstairs
             (cue) lóushàng                   be more convenient for you?)
             (What place would be
             convenient for you?)

    什麽時候對您方便？                    三點候對您方便，還是四點候對您方便？
2.  Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian?    Sāndiǎn duì nín fāngbian, háishi
                                       sìdiǎn duì nín fāngbian?
    三點
    sāndiǎn

    幾號                                六號六號對您方便，還是七號對您方便？
3.  Jǐhào duì nín fāngbian?            Liùhào duì nín fāngbian, háishi
                                       qíhào duì nín fāngbian?
    六號
    liùhào

    對您方便？                           明天對您方便，還是後天對您方便？
4.  Něitiān duì nín fāngbian?          Míngtiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi
                                       hòutian duì nín fāngbian?
    明天
    míngtiān

    對您方便？                           上午對您方便，還是下午對您方便？
5.  Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian?    Shàngwǔ duì nín fāngbian, háishi
                                       xiàwǔ duì nín fāngbian?
    上午
    shàngwǔ


[158]

    對您方便？                           星期三對您方便，還是星期四對您方便？
6.  Xīngqījǐ duì nín fāngbian?         Xīngqīsān duì nín fāngbian, háishi
                                       Xīngqīsì duì nín fāngbian?
    星期三
    Xīngqīsān

    對您方便？                           九點對您方便，還是十點對您方便？
7.  Jǐdiǎn duì nín fāngbian?           Jiǔdiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi
                                       shídiǎn duì nín fāngbian?
    九點
    jǐǔdiǎn


F. Expansion Drill

             三點方便一點。                    三點比四點方便一點。
1.  Speaker: Sāndiǎn fāngbian yìdiān.  You: Sāndiǎn bǐ sìdiǎn fāngbian
                                            yìdiǎn.
                   四點                      (Three o’clock is a little
             (cue) sìdiǎn                     more convenient than four
             (Three o’clock is a              o’clock.)
              little more
              convenient.)

    三號方便一點。                        三號比五號方便一點。
2.  Sānhào fāngbian yìdiǎn.            Sānhào bǐ wǔhào fāngbian yìdiǎn.

    五號
    wǔhào

    樓上方便一點。                        樓上比樓下方便一點。
3.  Lóushàng fāngbian yìdiǎn.          Lóushàng bǐ lóuxià fāngbian yìdiǎn.

    樓下
    lóuxià

    他的錢多一點。                        他的錢比我的多一點。
4.  Tāde qián duō yìdiǎn.              Tāde qián bǐ wǒde duō yìdiǎn.

    我的
    wǒde

    他去好一點。                          他去比我去好一點。
5.  Tā qù hǎo yìdiǎn.                  Tā qù bǐ wǒ qù hǎo yìdiǎn.

    我去
    wǒ qù

    他大一點。                           他比我大一點。
6.  Tā dà yìdiǎn.                      Tā bǐ wǒ dà yìdiǎn.

    我
    wǒ

    這個大一點。                          這個比那個大一點。
7.  Zhèige dà yìdiǎn.                  Zhèige bǐ nèige dà yìdiǎn.

    那個
    nèige


G. Expansion Drill

             他説得快一點。                   他説得比我快一點。
1.  Speaker: Tā shuōde kuài yìdiǎn.   You: Tā shuōde bǐ wǒ kuài yìdiǎn
             (He speaks a little           (He speaks a little faster
              fast.)                        than I do.)

    他來得早一點。                        他來得比我早一點。
2.  Tā láide zǎo yìdiǎn.               Tā láide bǐ wǒ zǎo yìdiǎn.

    他走得晚一點。                        他走得比我晚一點。
3.  Tā zǒude wǎn yìdiǎn.               Tā zǒude bǐ wǒ wǎn yìdiǎn.

    他做得好一點。                        他做得比我好一點。
4.  Tā zuòde hǎo yìdiǎn.               Tā zuòde bǐ wǒ hǎo yìdiǎn.

    他賣得少一點。                        他賣得比我少一點。
5.  Tā mǎide shǎo yìdiǎn.              Tā mǎide bǐ wǒ shǎo yìdiǎn.


[159]

    他賣得多一點。                        他賣得比我多一點。
6.  Tā màide duō yìdiǎn.               Tā màide bǐ wǒ duō yìdiǎn.

    他學得慢一點。                        他學得比我慢一點。
7.  Tā xuéde màn yìdiǎn.               Tā xuéde bǐ wǒ màn yìdiǎn.


H.  Response Drill

             你什麽時候出去？                 我有一會兒就出去。
1.  Speaker: Nǐ shénme shíhou chūqu?  You: Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù chūqu.
             (What time are you            (I’m going out in Just a little
              going out?)                   while.)

             你出去多久。                     我就出去一會兒。
          OR Nǐ chūqu duó jiǔ?             Wǒ jiù chūqu yìhuīr.
          (For how long are you            (I’m Just going out for a
           going out?)                      little while.)

    你什麽時候出來？                      我一會兒就出來。
2.  Nǐ shénme shíhou chūlai?           Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù chūlai.

    你去多久？                           我就去一會兒。
3.  Nǐ qù duó jiǔ?                     Wǒ jiù qù yìhuǐr.

    他什麽時候來？                        他一會兒就去。
4.  Tā shénme shíhou lái?              Tā yìhuǐr jiù lái.

    他看多久？                           他就看一會兒。
5.  Tā kàn duó jiǔ?                    Tā jiù kàn yìhuǐr.

    你什麽時候走？                        我一會兒就走。
6.  Nǐ shénme shíhou zǒu?              Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù zǒu.


I. Response Drill

             張先生明天回得來回不來？           張先生後天才回來。
1.  Speaker: Zhāng Xiānsheng míngtiān  You: Zhāng Xiānsheng hòutiān cái
             huídelái huíbulái?             huílai.
             (Will Mr. Zhāng be             (Mr. Zhāng won’t be able to
              able to come back              come back until day after
              tomorrow?)                     tomorrow.)

    王女士星期四回得來回不來？              才回來。
2.  Wáng Nǚshì Xíngqīsì huídelái       Wǎng Nǚshì Xíngqīwǔ cái huílai.
    huíbulái?

    李同志十一點回得來回不來？              李同志十二點才回來。
3.  Lǐ Tóngzhì shíyīdiǎn huídelái      Lǐ Tóngzhì shíèrdiǎn cái huílai.
    huíbulái?

    林科長二十號回得來回不來？              林科長二十一號才回來。
4.  Lín Kēzhǎng èrshihào huídelái      Lín Kēzhǎng èrshiyīhào cái huílai.
    huíbulái?

    魏少校這個月回得來回不來？              魏少校下個月才回來。
5.  Wèi Shàoxiào zhèige yuè            Wèi Shàoxiào xiàge yuè cái huílai.
    huídelái huíbulái?

[160]

    楊先生早上回得來回不來？                楊先生晚上才回來。
6.  Yáng Xiānsheng zǎoshang huídelái   Yáng Xiānsheng wǎnshang cái huílai.
    huíbulái?

    趙同志今天回得來回不來？                趙同志明天才回來。
7.  Zhào Tóngzhì jīntiān huídelái      Zhào Tóngzhì míngtiān cái huílai.
    huíbulái?


J. Expansion Drill

             那麽，我在這兒等您。               那麽，我一會兒在這兒等您。
1.  Speaker: Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng   You: Nàme, wǒ yìhuǐr zài zhèr děng
             nín.                          nín.
             (cue) in a moment             (In that case, in a moment
             (In that case, I’ll            I’ll wait for you here.)
              wait for you here.)

    那麽，我在樓下等他。                    那麽，我在樓下等他一會兒。
2.  Nàme, wǒ zài lóuxià děng ta.       Nàme, wǒ zài lóuxià děng ta yìhuǐr.
    for a moment

    那麽，我在樓上等他。                    那麽，我在樓上等他。
3.  Nàme, wǒ zài lóushàng děng ta.     Nàme, wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng zài lóushàng
    at one o’clock                     děng ta.

    那麽，我在他那兒等您。                  那麽，我在他那兒等您十分鐘。
4.  Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín.      Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín shífēn
    for ten minutes                    zhōng.

    那麽，我在他家等您。                    那麽，我一會兒在他家等您。
5.  Nàme, wǒ zài tā jiā děng nín.      Nàme, wǒ yìhuǐr zài tā jiā děng nín.
    in a moment

    那麽，我在小賣部等您。                  那麽，我在小賣部等您五分鐘。
6.  Nàme, wǒ zài xiǎomàibù děng nín.   Nàme, wǒ zài xiǎomàibù děng nín
    for five minutes                   wǔfēn zhōng.

    那麽，我在這兒等他。                    那麽，我在這兒等他一會兒。
7.  Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta.         Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta yìhuǐr.
    for a moment


[161]

UNIT 2

REFERENCE LIST

(in Běijīng)

       喂，美大司。
1.  C: Wèi, Měidàsī.                  Hello. Department of American and
                                      Oceanic Affairs.

       我是加拿大大使館的喬治達菲。 我有
       一件事想跟王科長講一講。
    A: Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎnde     I am George Duffy of the Canadian
       Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wǒ yǒu          Embassy. I have something I
       yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn Wáng      would like to discuss with Section
       Kēzhǎng jiǎngyijiang.          Chief Wáng.

       哦，她現在開會。
2.  C: Òu, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì.    Oh, she is at a meeting now.

       等她外晚會我告诵她給你回電話。
    C: Děng tā kāiwán huì wǒ          When she is finished with the
       gàosong tā gěi ni huí          meeting, I will tell her to
       diànhuà.                       return your call.

       好，謝謝你，
3.  A: Hǎo, xièxie ni.                Fine. Thank you.

       不謝。
    C: Bú xiè.                        Don’t mention it.

       對不起，今天早上你打電話來的時候
       我在開會，沒時間跟你説話。
4.  B: Duìbuqǐ, jīntiān zǎoshang      I’m sorry. When you called here
       nǐ dǎ diànhuà laide            this morning, I was in a meeting
       shíhou wǒ zài kāi huì,         and didn’t have time to speak
       méi shíjiān gēn ni shuō        with you.
       huà.

       沒關係。我知道你很忙。
    A: Méi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào nǐ       It doesn’t matter. I know you are
       hěn máng.                      very busy.

       我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
5.  A: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi    The reason I called you is that I
       shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn      would like to talk with you in
       tántan.                        person.

       好啊。什麽時候啊？
    B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a?        All right. When?

       明天對你合適嗎？
6.  A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma?      Would tomorrow be all right for you?

       明天下午什麽時候都可以，
    B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou   Any time tomorrow afternoon would
       dōu kéyi.                      be fine.

       在哪兒見呢？
7.  A: Zài nǎr jiàn ne?               Where shall we meet?

       兩點鐘請你到我這兒，行不行？
    B: Liǎngdiǎn zhōng qǐng ni dào    Please come over here at two o’clock
       wǒ zhèr lái, xíng bu xíng?     All right?

       好。明天兩點鐘見。
    A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn        Okay. See you tomorrow at two
       zhōng jiàn.                    o’clock.

[162]

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented, on C-l and. P-1 tapes)

8.  guānxi                關係          relation, relationship, connection


9.  jiǎng huà             講話          to speak, to talk; a speech


10. lǐngshiguǎn           領事館        consulate


11. shìqing (yíjiàn)      事情 (一件)   matter, business, affair


12. sīzhǎng               司長          department chief


13. yǒu guānxi            有關係        to relate to, to have a bearing on,
                                       to matter

[163]

VOCABULARY

  bú xiè                  不謝          don’t mention it

  dàshiguǎn               大使館        embassy

  diànhuà                 電話          telephone, phone call

  guānxi                  關係          relation, relationship, connection

  -jiàn                   件            (counter for matters, business, affairs)

  jiǎng                   講            to discuss (something), to talk about (something)

  jiǎng huà               講話          to speak, to talk; a speech

  kāi huì                 開會          to attend a meeting

  kāiwán huì              開完會        to finish a meeting

  língshiguǎn             領事館        consulate

  Měidàsī                 美大司        Department of American and Oceanic Affairs

  méi guānxi              沒關係        it doesn’t matter

  mùdi                    目的          reason, objective, purpose

  shì (yíjiàn)            事 (意見)     matter, business, affair

  shìqing (yíjiàn)        事情 (意見)    matter, business, affair

  shuō huà                説話          to speak

  sīzhǎng                 司長          department chief

  yǒu guānxi              有關係        to relate, to have a bearing on, to matter

  zài                     在            in the midst of (marker of ongoing action)


(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)

  chī                     吃            to eat

  dàxuéshēng              大學生        college student

  diànhuà hàomǎ           電話號碼      telephone number

  dù jià                  度假          to spend one’s vacation

  hòulài                  後來          later

  láodòng                 勞動          to do manual labor

  Qíngbàosī               情報司        Intelligence Bureau (part of the
                                       Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC)

  shēnghuó                生活          life

  tóngyì                  同意          to agree

[164]

REFERENCE NOTES

       喂，美大司。
1.  C: Wèi, Měidàsī.                  Hello. Department of American and
                                      Oceanic Affairs.
       我是加拿大大使館的喬治達菲
    A: Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshīguǎnde     I am George Duffy of the Canadian
       Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wǒ you          Embassy. I have something I would
       yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng      like to discuss with Section Chief
       Kēzhǎng jiǎngyijiǎng.          Wang.

Notes on No. 1

Měidàsī: In Chinese, abbreviations are made up of one syllable from
each word in a term. In Měidàsī, měi stands for Měizhōu (美洲), “American
continent.” Dà stands for Dàyángzhōu (大洋洲), “Oceania” (the islands of
the South Central Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand). The ending
sī means “department.” It is used only within organizations on the national
level.

Dàshiguǎn: The word guǎn means “building” or “establishment,” as in
fànguǎn, an establishment where food is sold. The examples below illustrate
the use of guǎn.


  dàshǐ                   大使          ambassador

  dàshiguǎn               大使館        embassy

  lǐngshì                 領事          consul

  lǐngshiguǎn             領事館        consulate

  zhǎnlǎn                 展覽          exhibit

  zhǎnlǎnguǎn             展覽館        exhibition hall

Notice that the shǐ in dàshǐguǎn and the shì in līngshiguǎn lose their
tones.

Yíjiàn shì: The counter -jiàn in this expression is also the counter
for luggage. Yíjiàn shì literally means “a piece of business.”

Jiǎng and jiǎng huà: The English word “speak,” meaning the activity
in general, must he translated into Chinese with a verb and its GENERAL
OBJECT: jiǎng huà In other uses, the verb “to speak,” jiǎng, may be
followed by a specific object or a phrase showing duration, or it may be
changed into a multisyllabic verb, such as jiǎngyijiǎng. Other verbs which
are used the same way are shuō huà, xiě zì, and niàn shū.

  他在講中國的事情。
  Tā zài jiǎng Zhōngguode              He is talking about Chinese affairs
  shìqing.

  他已經講了不少。
  Tā yǐjīng jiǎngle bù shǎo.           He has already said a lot.

  他的講話很有意思。
  Tāde jiǎng huà hěn yǒu yìsi.         His talk was very interesting.

Jiǎng is not used to say that someone said something. Instead, shuō is used.

  他説他不能來。
  Tā shuō tā bù néng lái.              He said he could not come.


[165]
       哦，她現在開會
2.  C: Òu, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì.     Oh, she is at a meeting now.

       等她外晚會我告诵她給你回電話。
    C: Děng tā kāiwán huì wǒ gàosong   When she is finished with the meeting,
       tā gěi ni huí diànhuà.          I will tell her to return your call.

Notes on No. 2

Zài is the aspect marker for ongoing actions. It indicates that the
action is in progress. The corresponding verb in the English translation
usually ends in -ing. Zài is used only with verbs which express actual
dynamic action. State and process verbs may not be used with zài. Many
action verbs may be used with zài, but some do not have enough “action”
to be used (e.g., “sitting”).

  他來的時候，你在念書。
  Tā láide shíhou, ní zài              When he came, you were studying,
  niàn shū.

  他們在看電影。
  Tāmen zài kàn diànyìng.              They are watching a movie.

  他們在喝咖啡。
  Tāmen zài hē kāfēi.                  They are drinking coffee.

  他們在上課。
  Tāmen zài shàng kè.                  They are having class.

Zài is placed in front of the verb, unlike other aspect markers, such as
le, guo, and de.

To make ongoing-action sentences negative, use bù. To form a question with
zài, use shì bu shi zài, zài...ma, or zài bu zai.

  學生在上課嗎？
  Xuésheng zài shàng kè ma?            Are the students having class?

  他們不在上課，已經走了。
  Tāmen bú zài shàng kè, yǐjīng        They are not having class. They
  zǒu le.                              have already left.

  他來的時候，你是不是在念書？
  Tā láide shíhou, nǐ shì bu           Weren’t you studying when he came
  shi zài niàn shu?                    over?

  不，不在念書，已經玩兒去了。
  Bù, bú zài niàn shū, yǐjīng          No, I wasn’t studying. I had already
  wánr qu le.                          gone out to play.

  他在不在看電視？
  Tā zài bu zai kàn diànshì?           Is he watching television?

The aspect marker zài and the aspect marker ne often occur in the same
sentence, indicating absence of change.

  她在看報呢。
  Tā zài kàn bào ne.                   She is reading the paper.

Sometimes ne is used without zài.

  她看報呢。
  Tā kàn bào ne.                       She is reading the paper.

Děng, literally “to wait”: In the second sentence of No. 2, the verb
děng is used at the beginning of a phrase to mean “when.” Děng may be used
with de shíhou, “when,” in the same phrase. Often, the second part of a
sentence beginning with děng will contain an adverb meaning “then”—jiù,
zài, or cái.

[166]

  等你看完報紙，我們出去買菜。
  Děng nǐ kànwán bàozhǐ, wǒmen         When you have finished the paper,
  chūqu mǎi cài.                       we will go out to buy groceries.

  學英文難不難？
  Xué Yīngwén nán bu nán?              Is it hard to learn English?

  等你學的時候就知道了。
  Děng nǐ xuéde shíhou jiù             When you study it, then you’ll know.
  zhīdao le.

  你不是有一件事要告诵我嗎？
  Nǐ bú shi yǒu yíjiàn shì yào         Don’t you have something you want
  gàosong wǒ ma?                       to tell me?

  等吃完飯再説。
  Děng chīwán fàn zài shuō.            Wait until we finish eating; then
                                       we’ll talk about it.

The translation of děng as “wait until,” in the last example above, might
suggest that the word is used only in future contexts. But děng is also
used in past contexts:

  昨天他沒有和你一起去看電影嗎？
  Zuótiān tā méiyou hé ni              Didn’t he go out with you to a movie
  yìqǐ qù kàn diànyǐng ma?             last night?

  沒有。等他回來的時候都十一點了。
  Méiyou. Děng tā huílaide             No. It was already eleven o’clock
  shíhou dōu shíyīdiǎn le.             when he got home.

  昨天他八點鐘才回家。等他回家我們才做飯，
  你想幾點才吃飯！
  Zuótiān tā bādiǎn zhōng cái          Yesterday he didn’t get home until
  huí jiā. Děng tā huí jiā             eight o’clock. We didn’t fix
  wǒmen cái zuò fàn, nǐ xiǎng          dinner until he got home; so
  jǐdiǎn cái chī fàn!                  imagine what time it was when
                                       we ate!

Kāi huì, “to meet,” “to hold a meeting,” is an example of a verb and
its general object.

Kāiwán, “finish holding [the meeting]”: Wán is the verb “to finish.”
It is used as an ending in a compound verb of result in No. 2.* Wán
expresses the idea of “over,” “up,” as in “Class is over,” “All the paper
has been used up.”

But be careful: wán is not used as a main verb when an object follows the
verb. Instead of saying “finish this,” using wán by itself, you would say
bǎ zhèige chīwán, “finish eating this”; bǎ zhèige zuòwán, “finish doing
this”; or bǎ zhèige kànwán, “finish reading this.”

Wán may sometimes be used as a main verb when there is no object, as in
Diànyīng wán le, “The movie is finished.” But far more often wán occurs
as an ending which indicates result.

Diànhuà (literally, “electric speech”) may mean either “telephone” or
“telephone call.”

Huí diànhuà, “to return a phone call,” “to call back”: you have learned
the verb huí, “to return,” as in Nǐ shenme shíhou huíqu? “When are you going
back?” In No. 2, huí takes a direct object, diànhuà. Compare huí diànhuà
with dǎ diànhuà, “to make a phone call,” which is found in exchange 4.

*You have already seen wán in Piào dōu màiwán le.

[167]

Gěi ni huí diànhuà, “call you ’back”: you have learned the prepositional
verb gěi, meaning “for [the benefit of].” In gěi ni huí diànhuà, gěi is
translated as “to.” Because there are two meanings for gěi, occasionally
a sentence may be ambiguous. For example, Wǒ gěi ta jìqule liǎngbāo cháyè
means either “I sent two packages of tea to him” or “I mailed out two
packages of tea for him.”

Duì is also translated as “to.” Duì introduces the target; gěi introduces
the receiver. In other words, duì expresses the intended direction but
does not necessarily imply that the target is reached. Gěi usually implies
receiving, as you might expect, since it means “give” as a full verb.

You use gěi to indicate the receiver when you say

  給她打電話
  gěi ta dǎ diànhuà                   telephone her

  給她寫一封信
  gěi ta xiě yìfēng xìn               write her a letter

  給她買了一個房子
  gěi ta mǎile yige fángzi            bought her a house

But, to indicate the target, you say

  給她好
  duì ta hǎo                          be nice to her

  對他客氣
  duì ta kèqi                         be polite to him

  對她生氣
  duì ta shēngqì                      get angry at her

Notice that duì is used especially to indicate the target of feelings and
attitudes, while gěi is used with actions such as calling, mailing, and
sending.


       好，謝謝你。
3.  A: Hǎo, xièxie ni.                Fine. Thank you.

       不謝。
    C: Bú xiè.                        Don’t mention it.

Note on No. 3

Bú xiè is an idiom meaning something like “don’t thank [me].”
(Literally, “Don’t thank me” would be Bié xiè wǒ (別謝我).)

[168]

      對不起，今天早上你打電話來的時候我
      在開會，沒時間跟你説話。
4. B: Duìbuqī, jīntiān zǎoshang nǐ    I’m sorry. When you called here
      dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wǒ      this morning, I was in a meeting
      zài kāi huì, méi shíjiān        and didn’t have time to speak
      gēn ni shuō huà.                with you.

      沒關係。我知道你很忙。
   A: Méi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào nǐ        It doesn’t matter. I know you are
      hěn máng.                       very busy.

Notes on No. 4

Dǎ diànhuà means “to make a phone call.” (Literally, dǎ means “to hit.”)

  我昨天晚上給馬太太打了一個電話。
  Wǒ zuótiān wǎnshang gěi Mǎ            I called Mrs. Mǎ last night.
  Tàitai dǎle yige diànhuà.

  我打兩個電話就來。
  Wǒ dǎ liǎngge diànhuà jiù             I’ll be right there after I make
  lái.                                  a couple of phone calls.


Shuō huà, “to speak,” is a verb with a general object—literally,
“speak words.” Verb + general object is often translated into English
by a verb alone: niàn shū, “to study”; kāi chē, “to drive.”

Méi guānxi: Other translations for this very useful expression are
“that’s okay,” “don’t worry about it,” “it doesn’t make any difference.”
Literally, méi guānxi would be translated as “there isn’t any connection.”

      我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
5. A: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi      The reason I called you is that I
      shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn        would like to talk with you in
      tántan.                          person.

      好啊。什麽時候啊？
   B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou             All right. When?

Note on No. 5

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi...: In English, the word “reason,” or
“purpose,” begins the phrase, with the modifying clause following. In
Chinese, everything modifying “the purpose” precedes mùdi.

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuà -de mùdi shi ....

(The reason why I called yǒu is ....)

Mùdi, “purpose,” “aim,” “objective”: Although translated idiomatically
as “reason” in exchange 5, mùdi does not really mean “reason”/“cause.” The
English terms should be translated as yuányīn: wǒ lǎiwǎnde yuányīn, “the
reason I came late” (我來晚的原因).

[169]
      明天對你合適嗎？
6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma?       Would tomorrow be all right for you?

      明天下午什麽時候都可以，
   B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou    Any time tomorrow afternoon would be
      dōu kéyi.                       fine.

Note on No. 6

Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi, “anytime is okay” (more literally, “what[ever]
time, all is okay”), illustrates a pattern for expressing the idea of “any”
in Chinese: a question word, such as shéi, shénme, nǎr, and něitiān,
followed by dōu, “all.”

  誰都能去。
  Shéi dōu néng qù.                   Anyone can go.

  哪兒都可以。
  Nǎr dōu kéyi.                       Anyplace will do.

  什麽都可以。
  Shénme dōu kéyi.                    Anything will do.

  哪天都好
  Něitiān dōu hǎo.                    Any day is good.

  怎麽做都好。
  Zěnme zuò dōu hǎo.                  Any way (you) do it is fine.

The ideas of “nobody,” “nowhere,” “nothing,” and “none” are expressed by
adding bù or méi after dōu in the pattern above.

  誰都能不要走。
  Shéi dōu bú yào zǒu.                Nobody wants to leave.

  哪兒都不對。
  Nǎr dōu bú duì.                     No place is right.

  怎麽都不行。
  Zěnme dōu bù xíng.                  No way will do.

  什麽都沒有。
  Shénme dōu méiyou.                  There is nothing.

The “any/no” expression need not be the subject of a sentence; it may
also be the object. Even if the expression is the direct object, it must
precede the verb.

  他誰都喜歡。
  Tā shéi dōu xǐhuan.                 He likes anyone/everyone.

  我哪兒都不去。
  Wǒ nǎr dōu bú qù.                   I won’t go anywhere.

  那個商店什麽都賣。
  Nèige shāngdiàn shénme dōu          That store sells everything,
  mài.

  他哪個都不喜歡。
  Tā něige dōu bù xǐhuan.             He doesn’t like either/any of them.

(As objects, many of these expressions must be translated as “every....”)

An “any/no” expression may also be the object of a prepositional verb.

  我跟誰都沒説話。
  Wō gēn shéi dōu méi shuō huà.       I didn’t speak with anyone.


[170]

      在哪兒見呢？
7. A: Zài nǎr jiàn ne?                Where shall we meet?

      兩點鐘請你到我這兒，行不行？
   B: Liǎngdiǎn zhōng qǐng ni dào     Please come over here at two o’clock.
      wǒ zhèr lái, xíng bu xíng?      All right?

      好。明天兩點鐘見。
   A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn         Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock.
      zhōng jiàn.

Notes on No. 7

Dào wǒ zhèr lái means, literally, “come over to the place where I am.”
While plurals such as wǒmen zhèr and nǐmen nàr often refer to institutions,
the singular wǒ zhèr, nǐ nàr, and tā nàr usually refer to any place where
a person might be. In an office shared by two people, for instance, you
could say Wǒ zhèr méiyou Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn; nín nàr yǒu méiyou? “I don’t have
an English-Chinese dictionary over here; do you have one over there?”

Dào, like zài, is a verb which requires a place word as its object.
Sentences like “Come over here to me” and “Go over there to Mr. Wáng” must
be translated as Dào wǒ zhèr lái and Dào Wáng Xiānsheng nar qù. Zhèr and
nàr make wǒ and Wáng Xiānsheng parts of place-word phrases.


8.  guānxi                關係          relation, relationship, connection


9.  jiǎng huà             講話          to speak, to talk; a speech


10. lǐngshiguǎn           領事館        consulate


11. shìqing (yíjiàn)      事情 (一件)    matter, business, affair


12. sīzhǎng               司長          department chief


13. yǒu guānxi            有關係        to relate to, to have a bearing on,
                                       to matter


Note on Additional Required Vocabulary

Yǒu guānxi: To talk about the relationship of two things, use
...gēn...yǒu guānxi or ...hé...yǒu guānxi.

  領事館和大使館有什麽樣的關係？
  Lǐngshiguǎn hé dàshiguǎn             What is the relationship between
  yǒu shénmeyàngde guānxi?             the consulate and the embassy?


[171]

VOCABULARY BOOSTER

Occupations

  accountant                  會計師      kuàijìshī

  actor, actress              演員        yǎnyuán

  architect                   建築師      jiànzhùshī

  athlete                     運動員      yùndòngyuán

  author, writer              作家        zuòjiā

  barber                      理髮師，    lǐfàshī, lǐfàde

  blue-collar worker          工人        gōngrén

  builder                     營造商      yíngzàoshāng

  businessman                 商人        shāngrén

  carpenter                   木匠，木工    mùjiang, mùgōng

  chemical engineer           化學工程師   huàxué gōngchéngshī

  civil engineer              土木工程師   tǔmù gōngchéngshī

  civil servant               公務員      gōngwùyuán

  composer                    作曲家      zuòqǔjiā

  cook                        厨師        chúshī

  customs official            海關官員     hǎiguān guānyuán

  diplomat                    外交官      wàijiāoguān

  doctor                      大夫，醫生    dàifu, yīshēng

  (newspaper) editor          編輯        biānji

  electrical engineer         電機工程師   diànjī gōngchěngshī

  electrician                 電工        diàngōng

  employee, clerk, attendant  服務員      fúwùyuán

  farmer, peasant             農民        nóngmín

  fisherman                   漁民        yúmín

  gardener                    園丁，花匠    yuándīng, huājiàng

  governess                   保姆        bǎomǔ

  government minister         部長        bùzhǎng

  housewife                   家庭主婦，急停婦女 jiātíng zhǔfù, jiātíng fùnǚ

  lawyer                      律師        lǜshī

  manager                     經理        jīnglǐ

  mayor                       市長        shìzhǎng

  mechanic                    機械師，機械員  jīxièshī, jīxièyuán

  mechanical engineer         機械工程師   jīxiè gōngchéngshī

  movie star                  電影明星     diànyǐng míngxīng

  musician                    音樂家      yīnyuèjiā

[172]

  nuclear engineer            盒子工程師   hézǐ gōngchéngshǐ

  nurse                       護士        hùshi

  office staff worker         職員        zhíyuán

  (Chinese) opera performer   京劇演員     jīngjù yǎnyuán

  painter (artist)            畫家        huàjiā

  pharmacist                  藥劑師      yàojìshī

  pilot                       飛行員       fēixíngyuán

  policeman                   警察        jǐngchá

  postman                     郵遞員       yóudìyuán

  professor                   教授        jiàoshòu

  reporter                    記者        jìzhě

  sailor                      海員，水手，船員  hǎiyuán, shuǐshǒu, chuányuán

  salesman                    推銷員       tuīxiāoyuán

  secretary                   秘書        mìshū

  servant                     用人        yòngren

  shoemaker                   鞋匠師傅     xiéjiàngshīfu

  shoe repairman              修鞋的      xiūxiéde

  store clerk, salesperson    售貨員      shòuhuòyuán

  teacher                     教員        jiàoyuán

  typist                      打字員       dǎzìyuán

  (star) vocalist             歌星        gēxīng

  waiter, waitress            飯店服務員   fàndiàn fúwùyuán


[173]

DRILLS

A. Substitution Drill

             他現在在開會。                     他現在在打電話。
1.  Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi huì.    You: Tā xiànzài zài dǎ diànhuà.
                                             (He is making a phone call
                   打電話                      now.)
             (cue) dǎ diànhuà
             (He is at a meeting now.)

    他現在在打電話。                       他現在在等你
2.  Tā xiànzài zài dǎ diànhuà.         Tā xiànzài zài děng ni.

    等你
    děng ni

    他現在在等你。                        他現在在跟王先生説話。
3.  Tā xiànzài zài děng ni.            Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng
                                       shuō huà.
    跟王先生説話。
    gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà

    他現在在跟王先生説話。                  他現在在工作。
4.  Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng            Ta xiànzài zài gōngzuò.
    Xiānsheng shuō huà.

    工作
    gōngzuò

    他現在在工作。                        他現在在講話。
5.  Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò.            Tā xiànzài zài jiǎng huà.

    講話
    jiǎng huà

    他現在在講話。                        他現在在換錢。
6.  Tā xiànzài zài jiǎng huà.          Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.

    換錢
    huàn qián

    他現在在換錢。
7.  Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.


B.  Response Drill

             他現在在開會。                     一會兒請他給我回個電話，好不好？
1.  Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi huì.    You: Yìhuǐr qǐng tā gěi wǒ huí ge
                                             diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?
                   一會兒                     (In a little while please ask
             (cue) yìhuǐr                     him to call me back. All
             (He is at a meeting              right?)
              now.)


    王同志現在在講話。                      下午請他給我回個電話，好不好？
2.  Wáng Tóngzhì xiànzài zài jiǎng      Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wǒ huí ge diànhuà,
    huà.                                hǎo bu hǎo?

    下午
    xiàwǔ

    張同志現在在學中國話                    上午請他給我回個電話，好不好？
3.  Zhāng Tóngzhì xiànzài zài xué       Shàngwǔ qǐng ta gěi wǒ huí ge
    Zhōngguo huà.                       diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

    上午
    shàngwǔ

    馬科長現在在打電話。                    明天請他給我回個電話，好不好？
4.  Mǎ Kēzhǎng xiànzài zài dǎ           Míngtiān qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge
    diànhuà.                            diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

    明天
    míngtiān


[174]

    王同志現在在跟張科長講話。               一會兒請他給我回個電話，好不好？
5.  Wáng Tóngzhì xiànzài zài gēn        Yìhuǐr qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà,
    Zhāng Kēzhǎng jiǎnghuà.             hǎo bu hǎo?

    一會兒
    yìhuǐr

    李女士現在在跟王大使開會。               今天請她給我回個電話，好不好？
6.  Lǐ Nǚshì xiànzài zài gēn Wáng       Jīntiān qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge
    Dàshǐ kāi huì.                      diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

    今天
    jīntiān

    朱同志現在在學中文。                    下午請他給我回個電話，好不好？
7.  Zhū Tóngzhì xiànzài zài xué         Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà,
    Zhōngwén.                           hǎo bu hǎo?

    下午
    xiàwǔ


C. Expansion Drill

             我想跟你當面談談。                我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
1.  Speaker: Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni          You: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi
             dāngmiàn tántan.              shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn
             (I would like to talk         tántan.
             with you in person.)         (The reason I called you is
                                           that I would like to talk with
                                           you in person.)

    我想問你一件事。                      我給你打電話目的是想問你一件事。
2.  Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni yíjiàn shi.        Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng
                                       wèn ni yíjiàn shi.

    我想問你幾點鐘有功夫。                 我給你打電話目的是想幾點鐘有功夫。
3.  Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni jǐdiǎn zhōng       Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng
    yǒu gōngfu.                        wèn ni jǐdiǎn zhōng yǒu gōngfu.

    我想跟你當面談談。                     我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
4.  Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.   Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng
                                       gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.

    我想問你一點兒事。                     我給你打電話目的是想問你一點兒事。
5.  Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shì.       Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi
                                       xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shi.

    我想問你三點鐘有功夫沒有。              我給你打電話目的是想問你三點鐘有功夫沒有。
6.  Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng      Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi
    yǒu gōngfu meiyou.                 xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng yǒu
                                       gōngfu meiyou.

    我想跟你當面談談。                     我給你打電話目的是想跟你當面談談。
7.  Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.   Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi
                                       xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.

[175]

D. Substitution Drill

             什麽時候都可以。                        誰都可以。
1.  Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi.         You: Shéi dōu kéyi.
                                                  (Anyone would be fine.)
                   誰
             (cue) shéi
             (Any time would be fine.)

    誰都可以。                哪兒              哪兒都可以。
2.  Shéi dōu kéyi.          nǎr              Nǎr dōu kéyi.

    哪兒都可以。               哪個              哪個都可以。
3.  Nǎr dōu kéyi.           něige            Něige dōu kéyi.

    哪個都可以。               什麽地            什麽地方都可以
4.  Něige dōu kéyi.         shénme dìfang    Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.

    什麽地方都可以。            多少             多少都可以。
5.  Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi. duōshao          Duōshao dōu kéyi.

    多少都可以。               多久             多久都可以。
6.  Duōshao dōu kéyi.       duó jiǔ          Duó jiǔ dōu kéyi.

    多久都可以。
7.  Duó jiǔ dōu kéyi.


E. Substitution Drill
             什麽時候都可以。                        多久都可以。
1.  Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi.        You: Duó jiǔ dōu kéyi.
             (cue) any length of time            (Any length of time would be
             (Any time would be fine.)            fine.)

    幾點鐘都可以。                             幾個鐘頭都可以。
2.  Jǐdiǎn zhōng dōu kéyi.                  Jǐge zhōngtōu dōu kéyi.
    any number of hours

    哪天都可以。                               多少天都可以。
3.  Něitiān dōu kéyi.                       Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.
    any number of days

    哪年都可以。                               幾年都可以。
4.  Něinián dōu kéyi.                       Jǐnián dōu kéyi.
    any number of years

    星期幾都可以。                             幾個星期都可以。
5.  Xīngqījǐ dōu kéyi.                      Jǐge xīngqī dōu kéyi.
    any number of weeks

    幾號都可以。                               多少天都可以。
6.  Jǐhào dōu kéyi.                         Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.
    any number of days

    幾月都可以。                               幾個月都可以。
7.  Jǐyuè dōu kéyi.                         Jǐge yuè dōu kéyi.
    any number of months


[176]

F. Response Drill

             我們明天在這兒見呢，還是在那兒見呢？                  在哪兒見都可以。
1.  Speakers Wǒmen míngtiān zài zhèr                   You: Zài nǎr jiàn dōu kéyi.
             jiàn ne, háishi zai                            (Anywhere would be fine.)
             nàr jiàn ne?

                   哪兒
             (cue) nǎr
             (Shall we meet here or
              there tomorrow?)

    我們坐火車去呢，還是坐飛機去呢？         怎麽            怎麽去都可以。
2.  Wǒmen zuò huǒchē qù ne, háishi     zěnme          Zěnme qù dōu kéyi.
    zuò fēijī qù ne?

    我們明天九點鐘見呢，還是十點鐘見呢？      幾點鐘          幾點鐘見都可以。
3.  Wǒmen míngtiān jiǔdiǎn zhōng       jǐdiǎn zhōng   Jǐdiǎn zhōng jiàn dōu kéyi.
    jiàn ne, háishi shídiǎn zhōng
    jiàn ne?

    我們坐汽車去呢，還是坐火車去呢？          什麽車         什麽車都可以。
4.  Wǒmen zuò qìchē qù ne, háishi      shénme chē     Shénme chē dōu kéyi.
    zuò huǒchē qù ne?

    我們明天去呢，還是後天去呢？             哪天           哪天去都可以。
5.  Wǒmen míngtiān qù ne, háishi       něitiān        Něitiān qù dōu kéyi.
    hòutiān qù ne?

    我們星期一去呢，還是星期二去呢？         星期幾         星期幾去都可以。
6.  Wǒmen Xīngqīyī qù ne, háishi       xīngqījǐ       Xīngqījǐ qù dōu kéyi.
    xīngqīèr qù ne?

    我們坐飛機去呢，還是坐火車去呢？          怎麽           怎麽去都可以。
7.  Wǒmen zuò fēijī qù ne, háishi zuò  zěnme          Zěnme qù dōu kéyi.
    huǒchē qù ne?


G. Response Drill

             誰來？                          誰都來。
1.  Speaker: Shéi lái?                 You: Shéi dōu lái.
    (Who is coming?)                       (Everyone is coming.)

    什麽地方不好？                        什麽地方都不好。
2.  Shénme dìfang bù hǎo?              Shénme dìfang dōu bù hǎo.

    哪個地方可以？                        哪個地方都可以
3.  Něige dìfang kéyi?                 Něige dìfang dōu kéyi.

    誰不會？                             誰都不會
4.  Shéi bú huì?                       Shéi dōu bú huì.

    哪兒好？                             哪兒都好
5.  Nǎr hǎo?                           Nǎr dōu hǎo.

    他什麽時候能去？                      他什麽時候都能去
6.  Tā shénme shíhou néng qù?          Tā shénme shíhou dōu néng qù.

    你哪天不忙？                         你哪天都不忙
7.  Nǐ něitiān bù máng?                Wǒ něitiān dōu bù máng.


[177]

H.  Response Drill

             你去哪兒？                       我哪兒都去。
1.  Speaker: Nǐ qù nǎr?                You: Wǒ nǎr dōu qù.
             (Where are yǒu going?)         (I’m going everywhere.)

    你到哪兒去？                         我哪兒都去。
2.  Nǐ dào nǎr qù?                     Wǒ nǎr dōu qù.

    他去什麽地方？                        他什麽地方都去。
3.  Tā qù shénme dìfang?               Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.

    他到什麽地方去？                      他什麽地方都去。
4.  Tā dào shénme dìfang qù?           Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.

    你買哪個？                           我哪個都買。
5.  Nǐ mǎi něige?                      Wǒ něige dōu mǎi.

    你看哪本？                           我哪本都看。
6.  Nǐ kàn něiběn?                     Wǒ něiběn dōu kàn.

    你做什麽？                           我什麽都做。
7.  Nǐ zuò shénme?                     Wǒ shénme dōu zuò.


I. Response Drill

             誰來？                                        誰都來。
1.  Speaker: Shéi lái?                               You: Shéi dōu lai.
             (cue) everyone                               (Everyone is coming.)
             (Who is coming?)


    誰可以？                                          誰都可以。
2.  Shéi kéyi?                    anyone will do     Shéi dōu kéyi.


    誰來？                                            誰都不來。
3.  Shéi lái?                     no one             Shéi dōu bù lái.


    你買哪個？                                         我哪個都買。
4.  Nǐ mǎi něige?                 all of them        Wǒ něige dōu mǎi.


    你到哪兒去？                                       我哪兒都不去。
5.  Nǐ dào nǎr qù?                nowhere at all     Wǒ nǎr dōu bú qù.


    哪個好？                                          哪個都好。
6.  Něige hǎo?                    all of them        Něige dōu hǎo.


    誰會説中國話？                                     誰都會説中國話。
7.  Shéi huì shuō Zhōngguo huà?   everyone           Shéi dōu huì shuō Zhōngguo huà.


[178]

UNIT 3

REFERENCE LIST

(in Taipei)

       黃科長，您下個星期六有功夫嗎？
1.  A. Huáng Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge        Section Chief Huang, are you free
       Xīngqīliù yǒu gōngfu ma?        Saturday of next week?

       我想請您和您夫人到我們家來吃個便飯。
    A: Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín hé nín        I would like to invite you and your
       fūren dào wǒmen jiā lái         wife to come to our house for a
       chī ge biànfàn.                 simple meal.

       您何必怎麽客氣？
2.  B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?            Why is it necessary to be so polite?

       不是客氣。
    A: Bú shi kèqi.                    It’s not politeness.

       我有一個朋友剛從美國來。
    A: Wǒ yǒu yige péngyou gāng        I have a friend who has just come
       cóng Měiguo lái.                from America.

       她現在在臺灣大學教經濟學。
    A: Tā xiànzài zài Táiwān           She is teaching economics at Táiwān
       Dàxué jiāo jīngjixué.           University right now.

       我很想給你們兩位介紹介紹。
    A: Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen          I would very much like to introduce
       liǎngwèi jièshao jièshao.       the two of you.

       那太好了！
3.  B: Nà tài hǎo le!                  That’s wonderful!

       很希望跟她談談。
    B: Hěn xīwang gēn ta tántan.       I wish very much to talk with her.

       不過，恐怕我的英文不行。
    B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén      However, I’m afraid that my English
       bù xíng.                        isn’t good enough.

       不但説得好，有時候也聽不懂。
    B: Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, yǒu        Not only don’t I speak well, (but)
       shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.           sometimes I can’t understand what
                                       I hear either.
       哪裏，哪裏。
4.  A: Náli, náli.                     Not at all, not at all.

       您説得跟美國人一樣好。
    A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén       You speak as well as an American.
       yíyàng hǎo.

       怎麽樣？六點半對您方便不方便？
5. *A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiǎn bàn duì      How shall we do it? Would six-thirty
       nín fāngbian bu fangbian?       be convenient for you?

       方便，方便。
    B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.             That would be fine.

       我沒請什麽人。很隨便。
6.  A: Wǒ méi qǐng shénme rén.         I haven’t invited anyone special.
       Hěn suíbiàn.                    It’s very informal.

       那就先謝了。
    B: Nà jiù xiān xiè le.             Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.


*The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.


[179]

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


7.  bù tóng               不同          to be different

8.  chá                   茶            tea

9.  chī fàn               吃飯          to eat, to have a meal

10. dànshi                但是          but

11. érqiě                 而且          furthermore, moreover

12. fàn                   飯            (cooked) rice

13. hē                    喝            to drink

14. jiāo shū              教書          to teach


[180]
VOCABULARY

  biànfàn                 便飯          a simple, informal meal
  búdàn...yě              不但...也     not only...but also
  búguò                   不過          however, but
  bù tóng                 不同          to be different

  chá                     茶            tea
  chī fàn                 吃飯          to eat, to have a meal

  dànshi                  但是          but

  érqiě                   而且          furthermore, moreover

  fàn                     飯           (cooked) rice

  hē                      喝           to drink
  hébì                    何必          why is it necessary (to)

  jiāo shū                教書          to teach
  jièshao                 介紹          to introduce

  kǒngpà                  恐怕          to be afraid that (something is or
                                       is not the case)

  suíbiàn                 隨便          to be informal/casual; as you like,
                                       as you wish, whatever suits you,
                                       “according to convenience”

  tài hǎo le!             太好了！      wonderful!
  tīngbudǒng              聽不懂        cannot understand
  tīngdedǒng              聽得懂        can understand

  xīwàng (xīwang)         希望          to hope, to wish to

  yíyàng                  一樣          to be alike/equal
  yǒu shíhou (yǒu shihou) 有時候        sometimes


(introduced on C-2 tape)

  cānjiā                  參加             to attend
  dǎ (ge) diànhuà         打(個)電話             to make a phone call
  hǎode duō               好得多             much better
  tīng diànhuà            聼電話             to answer the phone
  yānhuo                  烟火             fireworks display
  yóuyuánhuì              游園會             carnival
  zhèng hǎo               正好             just right


[181]

REFERENCE NOTES

       黃科長，您下個星期六有功夫嗎？
1.  A: Huáng Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge        Section Chief Huáng, are you free
       Xīngqīliù yǒu gōngfu ma?        Saturday of next week?

       我想請您和您夫人到我們家來吃個便飯。
    A: Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín hé nín        I would like to invite you and your
       fūren dào wǒmen jiā lái         wife to come to our house for a
       chī ge biànfàn.                 simple meal.


Notes on No. 1

Xiàge Xīngqīliù means “Saturday of next week.” “Saturday of this week”
is zhèige Xīngqīliù, and “Saturday of last week” is shàngge Xīngqīliù.*

Chī ge biànfàn: Here the verb chī, “to eat [something],” takes the
object (yi)ge biànfàn, “a simple/informal family meal.” When talking about
the general activity of eating, however, use chī with the general object
fàn, literally “(cooked) rice”: chī fàn, “to eat”

The word biànfàn is used as a modest description in inviting guests for a
meal served in the home. The meal is generally “simple” only in the sense
of not being a banquet. A Chinese family meal usually consists of several
dishes plus a soup.

       您何必怎麽客氣？
2.  B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?            Why is it necessary to be so polite?

       不是客氣。
    A: Bú shi kèqi.                    It’s not politeness.

       我有一個朋友剛從美國來。
    A: Wǒ yǒu yige péngyou gāng        I have a friend who has just come
       cóng Měiguo lái.                from America.

       她現在在臺灣大學教經濟學。
    A: Tā xiànzài zài Táiwān Dàxué     She is teaching economics at Táiwān
       jiāo Jīngjixué.                 University right now.

       我很想給你們兩位介紹介紹。
    A: Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen          I would very much like to introduce
       liǎngwèi jièshao jièshao.       the two of you.



*The words “this,” “next,” and “last” in English are often ambiguous. “This”
sometimes means “Just past,” sometimes “the coming,” and sometimes “of next
week.” “Next” sometimes means “the coming” and sometimes means “of next
week.” “Last” sometimes means “Just past” and sometimes means “of last
week.” In Chinese, however, zhèige usually means “of this week”; xiàge,
“of next week”; and shàngge, “of last week.” But ambiguities do sometimes
arise.

Some Chinese consider that the week begins on Sunday. Probably most Chinese
however, consider Monday the first day of the week.


[182]

Notes on No. 2

Hébì is a somewhat formal way of saying “Why is it necessary to...?”
Hé is a literary word for “why.” Bì is a literary word for “must.” (You
may recognize it from bú bì, “need not,” “to be unnecessary.”)

Notice that the first speaker in exchange 2 does not respond to the
dinner invitation with an immediate “Thank you, I would love to,” as one
might do in English. Instead, the Chinese prefer the equivalent of “That’s
too kind of you” or “Oh, you really shouldn’t.” When you receive an
indefinite invitation (like “I hope you can come over to my house for
dinner some day”), do not ask immediately for the date and time. Rather,
you should thank the person for his politeness and say that you also hope
that you can get together. Vague invitations may simply be in superficial
accordance with the rules of etiquette, and you might put your acquaintance
on the spot by accepting.

Bú shi kèqi is the appropriate response when a person suggests that you
are treating him too politely.

Jiāo, “to teach,” is a verb which requires a general object when no
specific object is mentioned. Contrast jiāo shū, “to teach,” with jiāo
jīngJixué, “to teach economics.”

Nǐmen liǎngwèi means “the two of you,” or “you two.” The other plural
pronouns may be used similarly:

  他們四個人都已經去過了。
  Tāmen sìge rén dōu yǐjīng            Those four have all been there already.
  qùguo le.

  他們三個人都想念歷史。
  Tāmen sānge rén dōu xiǎng            All three of them are planning to
  niàn lìshǐ.                          study history.

A number phrase may also follow a list of nouns or pronouns in Chinese.
Either the listing or the number is usually omitted in the English
translation.

  我，你，他三個人都去，好不好？
  Wǒ, nǐ, tā sānge rén dōu qù,           Why don’t all three of us go?
  hǎo bu hǎo?

  李先生跟王先生兩位都給我打了電話了。
  Lǐ Xiānsheng gēn Wáng                  Both Mr. Lǐ and Mr. Wáng (the two of
  Xiānsheng liǎngwèi dōu                 them) called me.
  gěi wǒ dǎle diànhuà le.


Gěi nīmen liāngwèi jièshao jièshao: There are two things to note in
this sentence. First of all, while the English language “introduces two
people TO each other,” the Chinese language “introduces FOR the two people,”
gěi...jièshao. Secondly, the speaker has chosen to repeat the verb jièshao.
In a sentence expressing the speaker’s desired course of action, the
reduplicated form of the verb makes the statement less blunt and demanding.


[183]
      那太好了！
3. B: Nà tài hǎo le!                   That’s wonderful!

      很希望跟她談談。
   B: Hěn xīwang gēn ta tántan.        I wish very much to talk with her.

      很希望跟她談談。
   B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén       However, I’m afraid that my English
      bù xíng.                         isn’t good enough.

      不但説得好，有時候也聽不懂。
   B: Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, yǒu         Not only don’t I speak well, (but)
      shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.            sometimes I can’t understand what
                                       I hear either.


Notes on No. 3

Tài hǎo le, “wonderful,” or, more literally, “too good.” you have seen
tài translated as “excessively,” or “too”: “It’s too expensive!” Tài guì le!
In other contexts, tài simply indicates an extreme degree and is translated
as “very.” When used this way, tài is commonly heavily stressed.

  這本書真是太有意思了！
  Zhèiběn shū zhēn shi tài yǒu         This book is really very interesting!
  yìsi le!

Búguò, “however,” is often interchangeable with kěshi, “but,” and is
therefore used more frequently than the English “however.”

Kǒngpà means “to be afraid that [something is/is not the case].” It
sometimes means “probably,” as in Zhàiběn shū kǒngpà shi tāde, “This book
is probably his.”

Búdàn...ye... is equivalent to the English “not only...but also....”
Here are some examples:

  他不但會説中文，也會説日文。
  Tā búdàn huì shuō Zhōngwén,          Not only can he speak Chinese, but he
  yě huì shuō Rìwén.                   can also speak Japanese.

  他不但不喜歡紅的，也不喜歡藍的。
  Tā búdàn bù xǐhuan hóngde,           Not only doesn’t he like the red one,
  yě bù xǐhuan lánde.                  but he doesn’t like the blue one
                                       either.

Tīngbudǒng, “can’t understand”: The verb dǒng is used to indicate the
result in a compound verb of result, Here is another example of dǒng used
in this way:

  中文報紙你看得懂看不懂？
  Zhōngwén bàozhǐ nǐ kàndedǒng         Can you read (and understand) Chinese
  kànbudǒng?                           newspapers?

Shuōde bù hǎo VS. tīngbudǒng: The many ways in which one-syllable
Chinese verbs may be combined to make patterns and compounds can be
confusing. In No. 3, yǒu see both an action verb and its manner adverb
(in the negative), shuōde bù hǎo, and a compound verb of result (in its
“unable” form), tīngbudǒng. Compare these two forms:

ACTION

VERB    MARKER  NEG.    ADV.    MANNER
shuō    -DE     bù              hǎo
shuō    -DE             hěn     hǎo

ACTION VERB MARKER or NEG. (not both)   RESULT
tīng             -bù                    -dǒng
tīng             -de                    -dǒng

[184]

The marker de is always part of the manner adverb expression but alternates
with bù in compound verbs of result. Manner adverb expressions expand to
allow not only for negation but also for additional adverbs such as hěn and
tài. Compound verbs of result cannot do this. There are always three, and
only three, parts to the compound verb of result.


      哪裏，哪裏。
4. A: Náli, náli.                      Not at all, not at all.

      您説得跟美國人一樣好。
   A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén        You speak as well as an American.
      yíyàng hǎo.

      怎麽樣？六點半對您方便不方便？
5. A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiǎn bàn duì       How shall we do it? Would six-thirty
      nín fāngbian bu fangbian?        be convenient for you?

      方便，方便。
   B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.              That would be fine.

Notes on Nos. 4-5

Gēn...yíyàng hǎo: Yíyàng is an adjectival verb meaning “to be the same.”
When a sentence tells you in what respect the compared items are alike,
yíyàng acts as an adverb and may be translated as “equally.”

  我們兩個認得車                            一樣。
  Wǒmen liǎngge rénde chē                yíyàng.
  (the cars belonging to the two of us   alike)
    “Our cars are alike.”

  我們兩個認得車                            一樣貴。
  Wǒmen liǎngge rénde chē                yíyàng guì.
  (the cars belonging to the two of us   equally expensive)
    “Our cars are equally expensive.”

The area of comparability may be described by predicates other than
adjectival verbs.

  他們兩個人           都    一樣     喜歡     念書。
  Tāmen liǎngge rén  dōu   yíyàng  xǐhuan  niàn shū.
  (the two of them   both  equally like    to study)
    “The two of them are equally studious.”

The items being compared may be expressed separately, using gēn. In this
case, gēn is the prepositional verb meaning “with.” The item preceding gēn
is compared WITH the object of gēn.


[185]
  我的車     跟     他的  車     一樣。
  Wǒde chē  gēn   tāde  chē   yíyàng.
  (my car   with  his   car   alike)
    “My car is like his.”

Gēn may be used to compare nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, and
clauses. Often one of the two phrases or clauses is a shorter form of
the other.

  你説得       跟      美國人(説得)          yiyang  好。
  Nǐ shuōde   gēn     Měiguo rén (shuōde) yíyàng  hǎo.
  (you speak  with    American    [speak] equally good)
  ”You speak as well as an American.”

  我的車      跟     他的(車)      一樣。
  Wǒde chē   gēn   tāde (chē)   yíyàng.
  (my car    with  his  [car]   alike)
    “My car is like his (car).”

  你(開得)       跟    我    開得     一樣      快
  Nǐ   (kāide)  gēn   wō   kāide   yíyàng   kuài.
  (you [drive]  with  me   drive   equally  fast)

“You drive as fast as I do.”


      我沒請什麽人。很隨便。
6. A: Wǒ méi qǐng shénme rén. Hěn      I haven’t invited anyone special,
      suíbiàn.                         It’s very informal.

       那就先謝了。
   B:  Nà jiù xiān xiè le.             Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.

Notes on No. 6

Méi qǐng shénme rén: In this sentence, shénme is not the question
word “what” “but is the indefinite “any.” When used with bù or méi, shénme
rén means “anyone special,” or “anyone in particular.” All question words
may follow the verbs in negative statements to give similar meanings. Here
are some examples of “any___ special” meanings:

  我沒吃什麽飯。
  Wǒ méi chī shénme fàn.              I didn’t eat much of anything.

  我沒跟誰去。
  Wǒ méi gēn shéi qù.                 I didn’t go with anybody special.

  我沒到那兒去。
  Wǒ méi dào nǎr qù.                  I didn’t go anyplace in particular.

[186]

  我沒有多少前。
  Wǒ méiyou duōshao qián.              I don’t have any money to speak of.

  我不要幾個。
  Wǒ bú yào jǐge.                      I don’t want but a few. (I want only
                                       a few.)

Suíbiàn is a frequently used expression which has connotations of
“casual,” as contrasted with kèqi, “proper” or “formal.” Literally, suíbiàn
means “according to convenience.” Here are some examples:

  怎麽做？
  Zěnme zuò?                           How shall we do it?

  隨便。
  Suíbiàn.                             However you like.

  隨便什麽時候來。
  Suíbiàn shénme shíhou lái.           Come anytime you like.

  隨便坐哪兒都可以。
  Suíbiàn zuò nǎr dōu kéyi.            You may sit anywhere you like.


Nà jiù xiān xiè le: In this sentence, nà is acting as an adverb
meaning “in that case,” “if so,” or “then.” The English translation “I’ll
thank you in advance, then” is very formal. You would be more likely to
say something like “Great. I’m looking forward to it.”

7.  bù tóng               不同          to be different
8.  chá                   茶            tea
9.  chī fàn               吃飯          to eat, to have a meal
10. dànshi                但是          but
11. érqiě                 而且          furthermore, moreover
12. fàn                   飯            (cooked) rice
13. hē                    喝            to drink
14. jiāo shū              教書          to teach


Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Bù tóng may be used in much the same way as bù yíyàng. Note that bù tóng
occurs only in the negative. (There is no tóng.)

  上海話和北京話很不同。
  Shànghái huà hé Běijīng huà          The Shànghǎi dialect and the Běijīng
  hěn bù tóng.                         dialect are very different.

Chī fàn, “to eat,” is an example of a verb plus a general object used
to express a general activity. The verb chi may also take specific objects,
such as miàn, “noodles.”

Dànshi, “but,” is used much like kěshi, “but.”

  河北人聽得懂北京話嗎？
  Héběi rén tīngdedǒng Běijīng         Can people from Héběi understand
  huà ma?                              the Běijīng dialect?

  聽得懂，但是河北話和北京話不一樣。
  Tīngdedǒng, dànshi Héběi huà         Yes, but the Héběi dialect and the
  hé Běijīng huà bù yíyàng.            Běijīng dialect are different.

[187]

Érqiě, “furthermore,” “moreover”: Use érqiě at the beginning of a
sentence or clause.

  這個花瓶太貴，而且也太大了。我不想買。
  Zhèige huāpíng tài guì, érqiě        This vase is too expensive, and
  yě tài dà le. Wǒ bù xiǎng            furthermore it’s too big. I don’t
  mǎi.                                 want to buy it.

Fàn, “(cooked) rice”: The definition of fàn is qualified as “cooked”
because the Chinese use several words for “rice,” depending on whether it
is in the field, ready to cook, or on the table.

Jiāo shū is a verb plus a general object meaning “to teach.” Jiāo may
be used without its general object, as in Jiāo Zhōngwén, “teach the Chinese
language.”


[188]

DRILLS

A. Substitution Drill

             黃科長，你明天晚上有功夫嗎？         黃科長，你明天早上有功夫嗎？
1.  Speaker: Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ         You: Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ míngtiān
             míngtiān wǎnshang yǒu          zǎoshang yǒu gōngfu ma?
             gōngfu ma?                     (Section Chief Huáng, are you
                                             free tomorrow morning?)
                  明天早上
            (cue) míngtiān zǎoshang
            (Section Chief Huáng,
             are you free tomorrow
             evening?)

    黃科長，你明天早上有功夫嗎？             黃科長，你星期四有功夫嗎？
2.  Huáng Kēzhāng, nǐ míngtiān         Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ Xīngqīsì
    zǎoshang yǒu gōngfu ma?            yǒu gōngfu ma?

    星期四
    Xīngqīsì

    黃科長，你星期四有功夫嗎？              黃科長，你今天晚上有功夫嗎？
3.  Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ Xīngqīsì         Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ jīntiān wǎnshang
    yǒu gōngfu ma?                     yǒu gōngfu ma?

    今天晚上
    jīntiān wǎnshang

    黃科長，你今天晚上有功夫嗎？             黃科長，你下星期六有功夫嗎？
4.  Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ jīntiān          Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ xià Xīngqīliù
    wǎnshang yǒu gōngfu ma?            yǒu gōngfu ma?

    下星期六
    xià Xīngqīliù

    黃科長，你下星期六有功夫嗎？             黃科長，你這個星期五有功夫嗎？
5.  Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ xià Xīngqīliù    Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ zhèige Xīngqīwǔ
    yǒu gōngfu ma?                     yǒu gōngfu ma?

    這個星期五
    zhèige Xīngqīwǔ

    黃科長，你這個星期五有功夫嗎？           黃科長，你這個月七號有功夫嗎？
6.  Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ zhèige           Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ zhèige yuè qíhào
    Xīngqīwu yǒu gōngfu ma?            yǒu gōngfu ma?

    這個月七號
    zhèige yuè qíhào

    黃科長，你這個月七號有功夫嗎？
7.  Huáng Kēzhǎng, nǐ zhèige yuè
    qíhào yǒu gongfu ma?


[189]

B.  Expansion Drill

             我想請您。                       我想請您到我們家來吃個便飯。
1.  Speaker: Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín.        You: Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào wǒmen
                                            jiā lái chī ge biànfàn.
                   我們家                    (I would like to invite you to
             (cue) wǒmen jiā                 our house for a simple meal.)
             (I would like to invite
              you.)

             我想請您。                       我想請您到飯館兒去吃個便飯。
    OR       Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín.             Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào fànguǎnr
                                            qù chī ge biànfàn.
                   飯館兒                    (I would like to invite you to
             (cue) fànguǎnr                  go to a restaurant for a
             (I would like to invite         simple meal.)
              you.)

    他想請您。                           他想請您到民族飯店去吃個便飯。
2.  Tā xiǎng qǐng nín.                 Tā xiǎng qǐng nín dào Mínzú Fàndiàn
                                       qù chī ge biànfàn.
    民族飯店
    Mínzú Fàndiàn

    我想請您。                           我想請您到我父母家來吃個便飯。
3.  Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín.                 Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào wǒ fùmǔ jiā
                                       lái chī ge biànfàn.
    我父母家
    wǒ fùmù jiā

    我想請您。                           我想請您到北京飯店去吃個便飯。
4.  Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín.                 Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào Běijīng
                                       Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.
    北京飯店
    Běijīng Fàndiàn

    我想請您。                           我想請您到那個飯館兒去吃個便飯。
5.  Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín.                 Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào nèige fànguǎnr
                                       qù chī ge biànfàn.
    那個飯館兒
    nèige fànguǎnr

    我想請您。                           我想請您到我家來吃個便飯。
6.  Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín.                 Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào wǒ jiā lái
                                       chī ge biànfàn.
    我家
    wǒ jiā


C. Response Drill

             他在臺灣大學工作嗎？               對了。他在臺灣大學教經濟學。
1.  Speaker: Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué       You: Duì le. Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué
             gōngzuò ma?                    jiāo jīngjixué.

                   經濟學
             (cue) jīngjixué                (That’s right. He teaches
             (Does he work at Táiwān         economics at Táiwān
              University?)                   University.)


    他在德州大學工作嗎？                   對了。他在德州大學教歷史。
2.  Tā zài Dézhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma?    Duì le. Tā zài Dézhōu Dàxué jiāo
                                       lìshǐ.
    歷史
    lìshǐ

    李先生在加州大學工作嗎？                對了。他在加州大學教政治學。
3.  Lǐ Xiānsheng zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué     Duì le. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué jiāo
    gōngzuò ma?                        zhèngzhixué.

    政治學
    zhèngzhixué

    陳先生在賓州大學工作嗎？                對了。他在賓州大學教中文。
4.  Chén Xiānsheng zài Bīnzhōu         Duì le. Tā zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué jiāo
    Dàxué gōngzuò ma?                  Zhōngwén.

    中文
    Zhōngwén

    安德森先生在臺灣大學工作嗎？            對了。他在臺灣大學教英國文學。
5.  Āndésēn Xiānsheng zài Táiwān       Duì le. Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué jiāo
    Dàxué gōngzuò ma?                  Yīngguo wénxué.

    英國文學
    Yīngguo wénxué


[190]

    王先生在臺灣大學工作嗎？                對了。他在臺灣大學教中國文學。
6.  Wáng Xiānsheng zài Táiwān Dàxué    Duì le. Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué jiāo
    gōngzuò ma?                        Zhōngguo wénxué.

    中國文學
    Zhōngguo wénxué

    赵小姐在臺灣大學工作嗎？                對了。他在臺灣大學教中國歷史。
7.  Zhào Xiǎojie zài Táiwān Dàxué      Duì le. Tā zài Táiwān Dàxué jiāo
    gōngzuò ma?                        Zhōngguo lìshi.

    中國歷史
    Zhōngguo lìshǐ


D. Transformation Drill

             我給你們介紹介紹。                 我很想給你們跟王同志介紹介紹。
1.  Speaker: Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao      You: Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn
             jièshao.                       Wáng Tóngzhì jièshao jièshao
                                            (I would very much like to
                   王同志                     introduce yǒu and Comrade
             (cue) Wǎng Tóngzhì              Wáng.)
             (I’ll introduce you.)

    我給你們介紹介紹。                     我很想給你們跟劉同志介紹介紹。
2.  Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao.      Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Liú
                                       Tóngzhì jièshao jièshao.
    劉同志
    Liú Tóngzhì

    我給你們介紹介紹。                     我很想給你們跟赵同志介紹介紹。
3.  Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao.      Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhào
                                       Tóngzhì jièshao jièshao.
    赵同志
    Zhào Tóngzhì

    我給你們介紹介紹。                     我很想給你們跟張先生介紹介紹。
4.  Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao.      Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng
                                       Xiānsheng jièshao jièshao.
    張先生
    Zhāng Xiānsheng

    我給你們介紹介紹。                     我很想給你們跟楊女士介紹介紹。
5.  Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao.      Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Yǎng
                                       Nǚshì jièshao jièshao.
    楊女士
    Yáng Nǚshì

    我給你們介紹介紹。                     我很想給你們跟張科長介紹介紹。
6.  Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao.      Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng
                                       Kēzhǎng jièshao jièshao.
    張科長
    Zhāng Kēzhǎng

    我給你們介紹介紹。                     我很想給你們跟李少校介紹介紹。
7.  Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao.      Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Lǐ
                                       Shàoxiào jièshao jièshao.
    李少校
    Lǐ Shàoxiào


[191]

E.  Expansion Drill

             他聽不見。                       他不但聽不見也看不見。
1.  Speaker: Tā tīngbujiàn.            You: Tā búdàn tīngbujiàn yě
                                            kànbujiàn.
                   看不見                    (Not only can’t he hear, [but]
             (cue) kànbujiàn                 he can’t see either.)
             (He can’t hear.)

    他説不對。         聽不懂              他不但説不對也聽不懂。
2.  Tā shuōbuduì.    tīngbudǒng        Ta búdàn shuōbuduì yě tīngbudǒng.

    他吃不好。         喝不好              他不但吃不好也喝不好。
3.  Tā chībuhǎo.     hēbuhǎo           Ta búdàn chībuhǎo yě hēbuhǎo.

    他説不對。         寫不對              他不但説不對也寫不對。
4.  Tā shuōbuduì.    xiěbuduì          Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yě xiěbuduì.

    他看不懂。         聽不懂              他不但看不懂也聽不懂。
5.  Tā kànbudǒng.    tīngbudǒng        Tā búdàn kànbudǒng yě tīngbudǒng.

    他聽不懂。         説不對              他不但聽不懂也説不對。
6.  Tā tīngbudǒng.   shuōbuduì         Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuduì.

    他看不見。         聽不見              他不但看不見也聽不見。
7.  Tā kànbujiàn.    tīngbujiàn        Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbujiàn.


F.  Combination Drill

             他説得不好。他聽不懂。              他不但説得不好也聽不懂。
1.  Speaker: Tā shuōde bù hǎo. Tā      You: Tā búdàn shuōde bù hǎo yě
             tīngbudǒng.                    tīngbudǒng.
             (He speaks poorly. He          (He not only speaks poorly,
              can’t understand.)             [but] he can’t understand
                                             either.)

            他説得不好。我説得不好。              不但説得不好我也説得不好。
         OR Tā shuōde bù hǎo. Wǒ            Búdàn tǎ shuōde bù hǎo wǒ yě
            shuōde bù hǎo.                  shuōde bù hǎo.
            (He speaks poorly. I            (Not only does he speak poorly,
             speak poorly.)                  [but] I speak poorly too.)

    他念得好。他寫得好。                    他不但念得好也寫得好。
2.  Tā niànde hǎo. Tā xiědehǎo.        Tā búdàn niànde hǎo yě xiědehāo.

    他念得好。我念得好。                    不但他念得好也念得好。
3.  Tā niànde hǎo. Wǒ niànde hǎo.      Búdàn tā niànde hǎo wǒ yě niànde hǎo.

    他聽不懂。他説不好。                    他不但聽不懂也説不好。
4.  Tā tīngbudǒng. Tā shuōbuhǎo.       Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuhǎo.

    他開得不好。我開得不好。                不但他開得不好也開得不好。
5.  Tā kāide bù hǎo. Wǒ kāide bù hǎo.  Búdàn tā kāide bù hǎo wǒ yě kāide
                                       bù hǎo.

    他看不見。他聽不懂。                    他不但看不見也聽不懂。
6.  Tā kànbujiàn. Tā tīngbudǒng.       Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbudǒng.


[192]

G.  Transformation Drill

             我不能到中國去。我的中文不行。        我很希望到中國去，不過恐怕我的中文不行。
1.  Speaker: Wǒ bù néng dào Zhōngguo   You: Wǒ hěn xīwàng dào Zhōngguo qù,
             qù. Wǒde Zhōngwén bù           búguò kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngwén
             xíng.                          bù xíng.
             (I can’t go to China.          (I hope very much to go to
              My Chinese isn’t good          China, but I’m afraid my
              enough.)                       Chinese isn’t good enough.)

    他不可以學中文。他沒有功夫。             他很希望學中文，不過恐怕他沒有功夫。
2.  Tā bù kéyi xué Zhōngwén. Tā        Tā hěn xīwàng xué Zhōngwén, búguò
    méiyou gōngfu.                     kǒngpà tā méiyou gōngfu.

    我不可以買東西。我的錢不夠。             我很希望買東西，不過恐怕我的錢不夠。
3.  Wǒ bù kéyi mǎi dōngxi. Wǒde        Wǒ hěn xīwàng mǎi dōngxi, búguò
    qián bú gòu.                       kǒngpà wǒde qián bú gòu.

    我不能去看朋友。我沒有功夫。             我很希望去看朋友，不過恐怕我沒有功夫。
4.  Wǒ bù néng qù kàn péngyou. Wǒ      Wǒ hěn xīwàng qù kàn péngyou,
    méiyou gōngfu.                     búguò kǒngpà wǒ méiyou gōngfu.

    我不能説中國話。我的中國話不行。          我很希望説中國話，不過恐怕我的中國話不行。
5.  Wǒ bù néng shuō Zhōngguo huà.      Wǒ hěn xīwàng shuō Zhōngguo huà,
    Wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.         búguò kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù
                                       xíng.

    我不能跟他去吃飯。我沒有時間。            我很希望跟他去吃飯，不過恐怕我沒有時間。
6.  Wǒ bù néng gēn tā qù chī fàn.      Wǒ hěn xīwàng gēn tā qù chī fàn,
    Wǒ méiyou shíjiàn.                 búguò kǒngpà wǒ méiyou shíjiān.

    我不可以可以去開會。我聽不懂他們説的話。   我很希望去開會，不過恐怕我聽不懂他們説的話。
7.  Wǒ bù kéyi qù kāi huì. Wǒ          Wǒ hěn xīwàng qù kāi huì, búguò
    tīngbudǒng tāmen shuōde huà.       kǒngpà wǒ tīngbudǒng tāmen
                                       shuōde huà.


H.  Transformation Drill

             你的茶跟他的一樣多。               你喝茶，喝得跟他一樣多。
1.  Speaker: Nǐde chá gēn tāde         You: Nǐ hē chá, hēde gēn tā yíyàng
             yíyàng duō.                    duō.
                                            (You drink as much tea as he
                   喝                        does.)
             (cue) hē
             (You have as much tea
              as he does.)

    你的東西跟他的一樣便宜。                你買東西，買得跟他的一樣便宜。
2.  Nǐde dōngxi gēn tāde yíyàng        Nǐ mǎi dōngxi, mǎide gēn tā yíyàng
    piányi.                            piányi.

    買
    mǎi

    你的書跟他的一樣多。                   你念書，念得跟他的一樣多。
3.  Nǐde shū gēn tāde yíyàng duō.      Nǐ niàn shū, niànde gēn tā yíyàng
                                       duo.
    念
    niàn

    你的書跟他的一樣好。                   你教書，教得跟他的一樣好。
4.  Nǐde shū gēn tāde yíyàng hǎo.      Nǐ jiāo shū, jiāode gēn tā yíyàng
                                       hǎo.
    教
    jiāo

[193]

    你的飯跟他的一樣多。                   你吃飯，吃得跟他的一樣多。
5.  Nǐde fàn gēn tāde yíyàng duō.      Nǐ chī fàn, chīde gēn tā yíyàng duō.

    吃
    chī

    你的電話跟他的一樣多。                  你打電話，打得跟他的一樣多。
6.  Nǐde diànhuà gēn tāde yíyàng duō.  Nǐ dǎ diànhuà, dǎde gēn tā yíyàng
                                       duō.
    打
    dǎ

    你的中國話跟他的一樣好。                你説中國話，説得跟他的一樣好。
7.  Nǐde Zhōngguo huà gēn tāde yíyàng  Nǐ shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde gēn tā
    hao.                               yíyàng hǎo.

    説
    shuō


I. Response Drill

             你請了幾個人？                    我沒請幾個人。
1.  Speaker: Nǐ qǐngle jǐge rén?       You: Wǒ méi qǐng jǐge rén.
             (How many people did           (I didn’t invite many at all
              you invite?)

             他喝什麽？                       他不喝什麽。
          OR Tā hē shénme?                  Tā bù hē shénme.
             (What does he drink?)          (He doesn’t drink much of
                                             anything.)

    你請誰？                            我不請誰。
2.  Nǐ qǐng shéi?                      Wǒ bù qǐng shéi.

    他買了幾本書？                       他沒買幾本書。
3.  Tā mǎile jǐběn shū?                Tā méi mǎi jǐběn shū.

    你請什麽人？                         我不請什麽人。
4.  Nǐ qǐng shénme rén?                Wǒ bù qǐng shénme rén.

    他到哪兒去了？                       他沒到哪兒去。
5.  Tā dào nǎr qù le?                  Tā méi dào nǎr qù.

    你有多少錢？                         我沒有多少錢。
6.  Nǐ yǒu duōshao qián?               Wǒ méiyǒu duōshao qián.



[194]

UNIT 4

REFERENCE LIST

       黃科長，黃太太，歡迎歡迎。
1.  A: Huáng Kēzhǎng, Huáng Tàitai,    Section Chief Huáng, Mrs. Huáng—
       huānyíng, huānyíng.             welcome.

       請進。
    A: Qǐng jìn.                       Please come in.

       富太太，您好？
2.  B: Fù Tàitai, nín hǎo?             How are you, Mrs. Franklin?

       這是一點小意思。
    B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.       Here is a small token of appreciation.

       我知道您喜歡山水畫。
3.  B: Wǒ zhīdào nín xǐhuan            I know you like landscape paintings.
       shānshuǐ huà.

       特別請朋友給您畫了一張。
    B: Tèbiě qǐng péngyou gěi nín      I asked a friend to paint one
       huàle yìzhang.                  especially for you.

       您真是太客氣。謝謝。
   *A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi.          You are really too polite. Thanks.
       Xièxie.

       來，我給你們介紹介紹。
    A: Lái, wǒ gěi nīmen jièshao       Come. I’ll introduce the two of
       jièshao.                        you.

       這位是何教授，在台大教經濟學。
4.  A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu,        This is Professor Hollins, who
       zài Táidà jiāo jīngjixué.       teaches economics at Táiwān
                                       University.
       何教授，這位是黃科長，在臺灣銀行工作。
    A: Hé Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi        Professor Hollins, this is Section
       Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài              Chief Huáng, who works at the
       Táiwān Yínháng gōngzuò.         Bank of Táiwān.

       這位是黃太太。
    A: Zhèiwei shi Huáng Tàitai.       This is Mrs. Huáng.

       久仰，久仰。
5.  B: Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng.               Glad to meet you.

       您來了多久了？
    B: Nín láile duó jiǔ le?           How long have you been here?

       久仰。我剛來兩個月。
    C: Jiǔyǎng. Wǒ gāng lai            Glad to meet you. It has been only
       liǎngge yuè.                    two months since I came.

       還有很多不熟悉的地方。
6.  C: Hái yǒu hěn duō bù shóuxide     There is still much I’m not familiar
       dìfang.                         with.

       以後還要向您請教。
    C: Yǐhòu hái yào xiàng nín         Later I’ll need to request more
       qǐngjiào.                       advice from you.

*The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.


[195]
       哪裏，哪裏。
7.  B: Náli, náli.                     Not at all, not at all.

       希望以後有機會多見面。
    B: Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō      I hope that in the future we will
       jiànmiàn.                       have an opportunity to meet more.


ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


8.  fāngfǎ                方法          method, way, means


9.  fázi                  法子          method, way


10. huàr                  畫兒          painting (Běijīng pronunciation)


11. qǐng zuò              請坐          please sit down


12. shèhuìxué             社會學        sociology


13. túshūguǎn             圖書館        library


14. zuò                   坐           to sit


[196]

VOCABULARY

  fāngfǎ                    方法           method, way, means
  fázi                      法子           method, way (Běijīng)

  huà  畫 to paint
  huà(r) (yìzhāng)          畫兒 (一張)     a painting
  huānyíng                  歡迎           to welcome

  jiānmiàn                  見面           to meet someone, to see someone
  jiàoshòu                  教授           professor
  jìn                       進             to enter
  jiǔyǎng                   久仰           glad to meet you

  qǐngjiào                  請教           to ask advice, to consult
  qǐng zuo                  請坐           please sit down

  shānshuǐ                  山水           mountains and rivers,
                                          scenery with hills and water
  shānshuī huà(r) (yìzhāng) 山水畫兒 (一張) landscape painting
  shèhuìxué                 社會學         sociology
  shóuxi                    熟悉           to be familiar

  Tāidà                     台大           Táiwān University
  tèbié                     特別           especially
  túshūguǎn                 圖書館         library

  xiang                     向            towards; from
  xiǎo yìsi                 小意思         a token of appreciation

  zuo                       坐            to sit

(introduced on C-2 and. P-2 tapes)

  biǎoyǎn                   表演          to give a demonstration
  bú dà hǎo mǎi             不大好買       not very easy to buy
  duì...shóuxi              對...熟悉     to be familiar with
  Jiàoyubù                  教育部        Ministry of Education
  mǎi cài                   買菜          to buy groceries
  sòng gěi                  送給          to give
  xǐ yīshang                洗衣裳        to to wash clothes
  yánjiu                    研究          to study, to do research
  yòuéryuǎn                 幼兒園        kindergarten
  yóu huà                   油畫          oil painting
  zhǎnlǎn                   展覽          exhibition
  zhàogu                    照顧          to take care of
  zuò fan                   做飯          to cook
  zuòyè                     作業          homework


[197]

REFERENCE NOTES

       黃科長，黃太太，歡迎歡迎。
1.  A: Huáng Kēzhǎng, Huáng Tàitai,    Section Chief Huang, Mrs. Huang—
       huānyíng, huānyíng.             welcome.

       請進。
    A: Qǐng jìn.                       Please come in.

       富太太，您好？
2.  B: Fù Tàitai, nín hǎo?             How are you, Mrs. Franklin?

       這是一點小意思。
    B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.       Here is a small token of appreciation.

Note on Nos. 1-2

Xiǎo yìsi: Y0u have already seen yìsi in the expression yǒu yìsi, “to
be interesting.” Yìsi means “meaning,” “significance,” “intention,” “idea.”
In No. 2, above, xiǎo yìsi (literally, “small [good] intent”) is an idiomatic
expression meaning “a small (token of my) feelings of appreciation.”


       我知道您喜歡山水畫。
3.  B: Wǒ zhīdao nín xǐhuan shānshuǐ   I know you like landscape paintings.
       huà.

       特別請朋友給您畫一張。
    B: Tèbié qǐng péngyou gěi nín      I asked a friend to paint one
       huàle yìzhāng.                  especially for you.

       您真是太客氣。謝謝。
    A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi.          You are really too polite. Thanks.
       Xièxie.

       來，我給你們介紹介紹。
    A: Lái, wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao       Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.
       jièshao.

Notes on No. 3

Shānshuǐ, “mountains and rivers,” “scenery with hills and water,” is a
compound made up of shān, “mountain,” and shuǐ, “water.” In shānshuǐ, shuǐ
refers to rivers or lakes.

Tèbié qǐng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng: Notice that the verb huà is
followed by the completion marker le. For this reason, the sentence means
that the painting has been finished. The completed-action sense of huàle
might he captured by looser translations of the sentence, like “I asked a
friend, and he painted one for you” and “I asked a friend, who painted one
for you.”

The sentence Wǒ tèbié qǐng péngyou gěi nín huà yìzhāng, without le, does
not indicate whether the painting has been finished or not. The sentence
might he used when a speaker thinks that a painting has not yet been
finished.

[198]

Zhēn shi tài kèqi, “really too polite,” is a variation of Nín zhēn tài
kèqi. Shi is sometimes used simply to show that the subject of a sentence
fits the description that follows.

       這位是何教授，在台大教經濟學。
4.  A: Zhèiwei shi Hé Jiàoshòu, zài    This is Professor Hollins, who
       Táidà jiāo jīngjixué.           teaches economics at Táiwān
                                       University.

       何教授，這位是黃科長，在臺灣銀行工作。
    A: Hé Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi        Professor Hollins, this is Section
       Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Táiwān       Chief Huáng, who works at the
       Yínháng gōngzuò.                Bank of Táiwān.

       這位是黃太太。
    A: Zhèiwei shi Huáng Tàitai.       This is Mrs. Huáng.

Notes on No. 4

Jiàoshòu, “professor”: The first syllable in this word means “teaching.”
Notice that the tone on jiào is different from the tone on the verb “to
teach,” jiāo.

Táidà is the abbreviation for Táiwān Dàxué, “Táiwān University.”

Zhèiwei shi Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Táiwān Yínháng gōngzuò looks like a
run-on sentence, with the pronoun tā dropped from the second part of the
sentence. In Chinese, this is a perfectly good way to add a second clause
to a sentence. To characterize a person or thing just identified, the
Chinese simply attach a descriptive sentence and omit the subject. You
have already learned this pattern: Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē yǒu yige Xīnhuá Shūdiàn,
hěn dà. Here are some additional examples:

  他太太是日本人，現在在上海。
  Tā tàitai shi Rìběn rén,             His wife is Japanese; she is in
  xiànzài zài Shànghǎi.                Shanghai now.

  我有一個朋友姓吾，在東海大學教書
  明年想到美國去。
  Wǒ yǒu yige péngyou xìng Wú,         I have a friend named Wú who teaches
  zài Dōnghǎi Dàxué jiāo shū,          at Dōnghāi University. He is
  míngnián xiǎng dào Měiguo qù.        planning to go to America next
                                       year.


[199]

       久仰，久仰。
5.  B: Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng.               Glad to meet you.

       您來了多久了？
    B: Nín láile duó jiǔ le?           How long have you been here?

       久仰。我剛來兩個月。
    C: Jiǔyǎng. Wǒ gāng lái            Glad to meet you. It has been only
       liǎngge yuè.                    two months since I came.

Notes on No. 5

Jiǔyǎng means, literally, “I have looked up to you for a long time” or
“I have looked forward to meeting you.” It is used when meeting someone
of higher status. Because jiǔyǎng implies a status difference, the
expression is not often used in the PRC.

Gāng, “only just”: you have learned the sentence Wǒ láile liǎngge yuè
le, “I have been here two months now.” In the last sentence of exchange 5.
notice that no le is needed. The focus has shifted from the coming to the
shortness of the period; that is, the focus is on gāng.

       還有很多不熟悉的地方。
6.  C: Hái yǒu hěn duō bù shǒuxide     There is still much I’m not familiar
       dìfang.                         with.

       以後還要向您請教。
    C: Yǐhòu hái yào xiàng nín         Later I’ll need to request more
       qǐngjiào.                       advice from you.

Notes on No. 6

Shóuxi, “to be familiar [with the details of something],” is also
pronounced shúxi.

Dìfang means “areas,” “aspects” (NOT “places”) in the first sentence of
No. 6. Thus shóuxide dìfang means “areas/aspects one is familiar with.”

Xiàng nín qǐngjiào is a polite way of requesting advice from someone—for
example, a teacher, an advisor, or a senior colleague. Here, the
prepositional verb xiàng means “from.” (You learned xiàng as “towards”
in the Directions Module.) Literally, it means “facing.” Less formally,
you may also say gēn nín qǐngjiào. Qǐngjiào (literally, “request
instruction”) may be reduplicated or used with an object in sentences like
the following:

  我要跟您請教一件事。
  Wǒ yào gēn nín qǐngjiào              I would like to consult with you
  yíjiàn shi.                          about something.

  我要跟您請教請教。
  Wǒ yào gēn nín qǐngjiào
  qǐngjiào.

Yíhòu hái yào...: In this sentence, hái means “still more,” or
“additionally.”


[200]

       哪裏，哪裏。
7.  B: Náli, náli.                     Not at all, not at all.

       希望以後有機會多見面。
    B: Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō      I hope that in the future we will
       jiànmiàn.                       have an opportunity to meet more.

Note on No. 7

The adjectival verb duō, “to be much,” “to be many,” is used in No. 7
as an adverb meaning “much,” “more.” Shǎo may be used in the same way.

  咖啡不能多喝。
  Kāfēi bù néng duō hē.                One must not drink too much coffee.

  你多吃點兒吧。
  Nǐ duō chī diǎnr ba.                 Eat a little more.

  他多住了兩天。
  Tā duō zhùle liāngtiǎn.              He stayed two days longer.

  我少買了一張票。
  Wǒ shǎo mǎile yìzhāng piào.          I bought one ticket too few.
                                       (more literally, “I underbought
                                        by one ticket.”)

  他説他要少吃。
  Tā shuō tā yào shǎo chī.             He says he wants to eat less (cut
                                       down on eating).



8.  fāngfǎ                方法          method, way, means


9.  fázi                  法子          method, way


10. huàr                  畫           painting (Běijīng pronunciation)


11. qǐng zuō              請坐          please have a seat


12. shèhuìxué             社會學        sociology


13. túshūguǎn             圖書館        library


l4. zuò                   坐           to sit


Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Here are a few sentences illustrating some of the words:

你的社會學學得怎麽好！你用什麽方法念得？
Nǐde shèhuìxué xuéde zhènme            You learned your sociology so well!
hǎo! Nǐ yòng shénme fāngfǎ             How do you study it?
niànde?

每天在圖書館四個鐘頭。
Měitiān zài túshūguǎn sìge             I spend four hours in the library
zhōngtóu.                              everyday.

唉！我沒有法子在圖書館坐四個鐘頭
Ài! Wǒ méiyou fázi zài                 Boy! There’s no way I can sit in
túshūguǎn zuò sìge                     the library for four hours.
zhōngtóu.


[201]

VOCABULARY BOOSTER

  Opposites

  安靜                             熱鬧
  ānjìng                          rènao
  to be peaceful                  to be lively
                                  to be bustling
                                  to be noisy

  長                              短
  cháng                           duǎn
  to be long                      to be short

  聰明                             笨
  cōngming                        bèn
  to be intelligent               to be stupid
  to be bright                    to be foolish

  大                              小
  dà                              xiǎo
  to be large                     to be small

  到達                             離開
  dàodá                           líkāi
  to arrive                       to leave
  to reach

  對                              錯
  duì                             cuò
  to be correct                   to make a mistake
                                  to be wrong

  乾净                             髒
  gānjìng (gānjing)               zāng
  to be clean                     to be dirty

  高                              矮
  gāo                             ǎi
  to be tall                      to be short (of stature)

  高興                             難過
  gāoxìng                         nánguò
  to be happy                     to feel sorry
                                  to feel bad
                                  to be grieved

  工作                             休息
  gōngzuò                         xiūxi
  to work                         to rest
                                  to relax

  好                              壞
  hǎo                             huài
  to be good                      to be bad
  to be well

  簡單                             複雜
  jiǎndān                         fùzá (fǔzá)
  to be simple                    to be complicated
                                  to be complex

[202]

  健康                             有病
  jiànkāng                        yǒu bìng
  to be healthy                   to be ill
                                  to be sick

  寬                              窄
  kuān                            zhǎi
  to be wide                      to be narrow
  to be broad

  來                              去
  lái                             qù
  to come                         to go

  累                              有精神
  lèi                             yǒu jīngshen
  to be tired                     to be lively
                                  to be spirited
                                  to be vigorous

  冷                              熱
  lěng                            rè
  to be cold                      to be hot

  涼快                             暖和
  liángkuai                       nuǎnhuo
  to be cool                      to be warm

  滿                               空
  mǎn                             kōng
  to be full                      to be vacant
                                  to be empty

  慢                              快
  màn                             kuài
  to be slow                      to be fast

  忙                              閑
  máng                            xián
  to be busy                      to be idle
                                  to be unoccupied

  年輕                             老
  niánqīng                        lǎo
  to be young                     to be old (in years

  便宜                             貴
  piányi                          guì
  to be inexpensive               to be expensive
  to be cheap

  漂亮                             難看
  piàoliang                       nánkàn
  to be beautiful                 to be ugly

  強                              弱
  qiáng                           ruò
  to be strong                    to be weak

  容易                             難
  róngyi                          nán
  to be easy                      to be difficult

  生                              死
  shēng                           sǐ
  to be born                      to die

[203]

  甜                              苦
  tián                            kǔ
  to be sweet                     to be bitter

  停                              走
  tíng                            zǒu
  to stop                         to go
  to halt                         to walk

  推                              拉
  tuī                             lā
  to push                         to pull

  遠                              近
  yuǎn                            jìn
  to be far                       to be near

  早                              晚
  zǎo                             wǎn
  to be early                     to be late

  真                              假
  zhēn                            jiǎ
  to be true                      to be false
  to be real                      to be fake
  to be genuine                   to be artificial


[204]

DRILLS

A. Transformation Drill

             我想請他畫一張畫兒。               我特別請他畫了一張畫兒。
1.  Speaker: Wǒ xiang qǐng ta huà      You: Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta huàle yìzhāng
             yìzhāng huàr.             huàr.
             (I’m thinking of asking   (I asked him especially to
              him to paint a            paint a painting.)
              painting.)

    我想請他吃一次中國飯。                  我特別請他吃了一次中國飯。
2.  Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta chī yícì          Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta chīle yícì Zhōngguo
    Zhōngguo fàn.                      fàn.

    我想請他買兩張臺北地圖。                我特別請他買了兩張臺北地圖。
3.  Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta mǎi liǎngzhāng    Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta mǎile liǎngzhāng
    Táiběi dìtú.                       Táiběi dìtú.

    我想請他教兩年。                       我特別請他教了兩年。
4.  Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta jiāo liǎngnián.   Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta jiāole liǎngnián.

    我想請他畫一張中國畫兒。                我特別請他畫了一張中國畫兒。
5.  Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng       Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta huàle yìzhāng
    Zhōngguo huàr.                     Zhōngguo huàr.

    我想請他來一次。                       我特別請他來了一次。
6.  Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta lái yícì.         Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta láile yícì.

    我想請他看一次電影。                   我特別請他看了一次電影。
7.  Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta kàn yícì          Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta kànle yícì diànyǐng.
    diànyǐng.


B.  Combination Drill

             他是何教授。他在台大教經濟學。        這位是何教授，在台大教經濟學。
1.  Speaker: Tā shi Hé Jiàoshòu.       You: Zhèiwèi shi Hé Jiàozhòu, zài
             Tā zài Táidà jiāo              Táidà jiāo jīngjixué.
             jīngjixué.                     (This is Professor Hé, who
             (He is Professor Hé.            teaches economics at Táiwān
              He teaches economics           University.)
              at Táiwān University.)

    她是王科長。她在外交部工作。             這位是王科長，在外交部工作
2.  Tā shi Wáng Kēzhǎng. Tā zài        Zhèiwèi shi Wáng Kēzhǎng, zài
    Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.                 Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.

    他是沈少校。他在武官処工作。             這位是沈少校，在武官処工作。
3.  Tā shi Shěn Shàoxiào. Tā zài       Zhèiwèi shi Shěn Shàoxiào, zài
    Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.                 Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.

    他是林教授。他在加州大學教書。            這位是林教授，在加州大學教書。
4.  Tā shi Lín Jiàoshòu. Tā zài        Zhèiwèi shi Lín Jiàoshòu, zài
    Jiāzhōu Dàxué jiāo shū.            Jiāzhōu Dàxué jiāo shū.


[205]

    他是呂科長。他在臺灣銀行工作。            這位是呂科長，在臺灣銀行工作。
5.  Tā shi Lǚ Kēzhǎng. Tā zài          Zhèiwèi shi Lǚ Kēzhǎng, zài Táiwān
    Táiwān Yínháng gōngzuò.            Yínháng gōngzuò.

    她是劉小姐。她在台大念書。               這位是劉小姐，在台大念書。
6.  Tā shi Liú Xiǎojiě. Tā zài         Zhèiwèi shi Liú Xiǎojiě, zài Táidà
    Táidà niàn shū.                    niàn shū.

    他是韩教授。他在台大教政治學。            這位是韩教授，在台大教政治學。
7.  Tā shi Hán Jiàoshòu. Tā zài        Zhèiwèi shi Hán Jiàoshòu, zài
    Táidà jiāo zhèngzhixué.            Táidà jiāo zhèngzhixué.


C.  Transformation Drill

             有很多地方我不熟悉。               我還有很多不熟悉的地方。
1.  Speaker: Yǒu hěn duō dìfang wǒ     You: Wǒ hái yǒu hěn duō bù shóuxide
             bù shóuxi.                     dìfang.
             (There is much I’m not         (There is still much I’m not
              familiar with.)                familiar with.)

             在這兒，有很多人不喝茶。             在這兒，有很多不喝茶的人。
         OR  Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō          Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō bù hē
             rén bù hē chá.                 cháde rén.
             (There are many people         (There are many non-tea drinking
              here who don’t drink           people here.)
              tea.)

    有很多地方我聽不懂。                   我還有很多聼不懂的地方。
2.  Yǒu hěn duō dìfang wǒ tīngbudǒng.  Wǒ hái yǒu hěn duō tīngbudǒngde dìfang.

    在這兒，有很多人不看報。                在這兒，有很多不看報。
3.  Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō rén bú kàn   Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō bú kàn bàode
    bào.                               rén.

    在這兒，有很多人不會説中國話。            在這兒，有很多不會説中國話的人。
4.  Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō rén bú huì   Zài zhèr, yǒu hěn duō bú huì shuō
    shuō Zhōngguo huà.                 Zhōngguo huàde rén.

    有很多地方我不會做。                   我還有很多不會做的地方。
5.  Yǒu hěn duō dìfang wǒ bú huì zuò.  Wǒ hái yǒu hěn duō bú huì zuòde
                                       dìfang.

    有很多地方我看不懂。                   我還有很多我看不懂的地方。
6.  Yǒu hěn duō dìfang wǒ kànbudǒng.   Wǒ hái yǒu hěn duō kànbudǒngde
                                       dìfang.

[206]


D.  Transformation Drill

             我們以後見面的機會很多。            希望以後有機會多見面。
1.  Speaker: Wǒmen yǐhòu jiànmiànde    You: Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō
             jīhui hěn duō.                 jiànmiàn.
             (We will have many more        (I hope that in the future we
              opportunities to meet          will have an opportunity to
              in the future.)                meet more.)

    我以後向您請教的機會很多。              希望以後有機會多向您請教。
2.  Wǒ yǐhòu xiàng nín qǐngjiàode      Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō xiàng
    jīhui hěn duo.                     nín qǐngjiào.

    我們以後説中國話的機會很多。             希望以後有機會多説中國話。
3.  Wǒmen yǐhòu shuō Zhōngguo huàde    Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō shuō
    jīhui hěn duō.                     Zhōngguo huà.

    我以後學中文的機會很多。                希望以後有機會多學中文。
4.  Wǒ yǐhòu xué Zhōngwénde jīhui      Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō xué
    hěn duō.                           Zhōngwén.

    我們以後來的機會很多。                  希望以後有機會多來。
5.  Wǒmen yǐhòu láide jīhui hěn duō.   Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō lái.

    我們以後在一起的機會很多。              希望以後有機會多在一起。
6.  Wǒmen yǐhòu zài yìqǐde jīhui       Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō zài yìqǐ.
    hěn duō.

    我以後旅行的機會很多。                  希望以後有機會多旅行。
7.  Wō yǐhòu lǚxíngde jīhui hěn duō.   Xīwàng yǐhòu yǒu jīhui duō lǚxíng.


E. Expansion Drill

             黃科長，歡迎歡迎。                 黃科長，歡迎歡迎。請進，請進來坐。
1.  Speaker: Huáng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng,  You: Huáng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng,
             huānyíng.                      huānyíng. Qǐng jìn, qǐng
                                            jìnlai zuò.
                   坐                       (Section Chief Huáng, welcome,
             (cue) zuò                       welcome. Please come in
             (Section Chief Huáng,           and sit down.)
             welcome, welcome.)

    王小姐，您好？                        王小姐，您好？請進，請進來坐坐。
2.  Wáng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo?             Wáng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? Qǐng jìn,
                                       qǐng jìnlai zuòzuo.
    坐坐
    zuòzuo

    李先生，您好？                        李先生，您好？請進，請進來喝一點茶。
3.  Lǐ Xiānsheng, nín hǎo?             Lǐ Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? Qǐng jìn,
                                       qǐng jìnlai hē yìdiǎn chā.
    喝一點茶
    hē yìdiǎn chá

    吾科長，您好？                        吾科長，您好？請進，請進來坐。
4.  Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo?               Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? Qǐng jìn,
                                       qǐng jìnlai zuò.
    坐
    zuò

    趙太太，歡迎歡迎。                      趙太太，歡迎歡迎請進，請進來坐。
5.  Zhào Tàitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.   Zhào Tàitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.
                                       Qǐng jìn, qǐng jìnlai zuò.
    坐
    zuò

[207]

    張先生，張太太，您好？                  張先生，張太太，您好？請進，請進來坐一會兒。
6.  Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai,     Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín
    nín hǎo?                           hǎo? Qǐng jìn, qǐng jìnlai zuò
                                       yìhuǐr.
    坐一會兒
    zuò yìhuǐr

    乾科長，好久不見。                     乾科長，好久不見。請進，請進來坐坐坐。
7.  Qián Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn.     Qián Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn.
                                       Qǐng jìn, qǐng jìnlai zuòzuo.
    坐坐
    zuòzuo



[208]

UNIT 5

REFERENCE LIST

(in Běijīng)

       喂
1.  B: Wài.                            Hello.

       喂，是外交部嗎？
    A: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma?          Hello. Is this the Ministry of
                                       Foreign Affairs?
       我要找林司長説話。
    A: Wǒ yào zhǎo Lín Sīzhang         I want to speak with Department
       shuō huà.                       Chief Lín.

       您是哪兒？
2.  B: Nín shi nǎr a?                  Who is this?

       我姓勒克萊爾。我是法國大使館的
       商務經濟官。
    A: Wǒ xìng Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi       My name is Leclaire. I am the
       Fǎguo Dàshiguǎnde               Commercial/Ecomonics Officer from
       Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.             the French Embassy.

       您等一等，我給您看看他在不在。
    B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi          Wait a moment. I’ll see whether
       nín kànkan tā zài bu zai.       he is here or not.

       喂，他這會兒不在。您要留個話兒嗎？
3.  B: Wài, tā zhèihuǐr bú zài.        Hello. He is not here at the
       Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?         moment. Would you like to leave
                                       a message?

       勞駕，他回來的時候，您請他給我
       打個電話。
    A: Láojià, tā huílaide shíhou,     When he comes back, please ask
       nín qǐng ta gěi wǒ dǎ ge        him to give me a phone call.
       diànhuà.

       好，請您把您的電話號兒告诵
       我， 我寫下來。
4.  B: Hǎo, qǐng nín bǎ nínde          All right. Please tell me your
       diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong          phone number. I’ll write it
       wǒ. Wǒ xiěxiàlái.               down.

       我的電話是五二幺三三幺。
    A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr          My phone number is 521-331.
       yāo-sān sān yāo.

       對不起。你剛才給我打電話，我不在。
5.  C: Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcǎi géi         I’m sorry. When you called me just
       wo dǎ diànhuà, wō bú zài.       now, I wasn’t in.

       你有事嗎？
    C: Nǐ yǒu shì ma?                  Can I help you with something?

       是啊！我那天跟您約好了明天十點到
       您辦公室去談談。
    A: Shì a! Wǒ nèitiān gēn           Yes, you can. The other day I made
       nín yuēhǎole míngtiān           an appointment with you to go to
       shídiǎn dào nín bàngōngshì      your office at ten o’clock
       qu tántan.                      tomorrow for a talk.

       因爲明天早上我有要緊的事，所以想
       問您我們能不能改到下午。
6.  A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ     Because I have an urgent business
       yǒu yíjiàn yàojǐnde shì,        matter tomorrow morning, I want
       suóyi xiǎng wèn nín wǒmen       to ask you whether we can change
       néng bu néng gǎi dào xiàwǔ.     it [the appointment] to the
                                       afternoon.

[209]

       下午什麽時候？
   *C: Xiàwǔ shénme shíhou?            What time in the afternoon?

       您看下午三四點怎麽樣？對您
       方便不方便？
    A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn        What do you think of three or four
       zěnmeyàng? Duì nín              in the afternoon? Is that
       fāngbian bu fangbian?           convenient for you?

       四點比三點好。我三點中得開會。
    C: Sìdiǎn bǐ sāndiǎn hǎo.          Four would be better than three.
       Wǒ sāndiān zhōng děi            I have to attend a meeting at
       kāi huì.                        three o’clock.

       好吧。那明天四點鐘見。
    A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān             All right. Well then, see you at
       sìdiǎn zhōng jiàn.              four o’clock tomorrow.

       好，我四點鐘等你。
    C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng děng       All right. I’ll wait for you at
       ni.                             four o’clock.


ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

7.  háishi                還是          still

8.  wàiguo                外國          foreign, abroad

9.  wàiguo rén            外國人        foreigner (non-Chinese)

10. wūzi (yìjiān)         屋子 (一間)   room

11. yāo                   幺           one (telephone pronunciation)


* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.


[210]

VOCABULARY

  bǎ                      把           (prepositional verb which indicates
                                        the direct object)
  bàngōngshì              辦公室        office
  gǎi                     改           to change
  gǎi dào                 改到          to change to
  gāngcái                 剛才          just now, a short time ago
  háishi                  還是          still
  hàomǎ(r)                號碼(兒)      number
  jīngjiguān              經濟官        economics officer
  liú                     留           to leave, to keep, to save
  liú(ge)huà(r)           留(個)話(兒)   to leave a message
  nèitiān                 那天          the other day
  shāngwù                 商務          commercial business
  shāngwùguān             商務官        commercial officer
  wàiguó                  外國          foreign, abroad
  wàiguo rén              外國人        foreigner (non-Chinese)
  Wàijiāobù               外交部        Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  wūzi (yìjiān)           屋子 (一間)   room
  xiěxiàlái               寫下來        to write down
  yāo                     幺           one (telephone pronunciation)
  yàojǐn                  要緊          to be important, to be urgent
  yuēhǎole                約好了        to have (successfully) made
                                          arrangements, to have made an
                                          appointment
  zhèihuìr                這會兒  this moment, at the moment (Běijing)

(introduced on C-2 and drill tapes)

  chūtǔ wénwù zhǎnlǎn     出土文物展覽   exhibition of archaeological finds
  dǎ dao                               to make a phone call to
  dàibiǎotuán             代表團        delegation
  gǎnbuhuílái                          can’t make it back in time
  jiàoyuán                教員          teacher

[211]

  jīnglǐ                  經理          manager
  qīnzì                   親自          personally, privately
  tuánzhǎng               團長          head of the delegation
  zhǔrèn                  主任          director
  zìjǐ                    自己          oneself (“myself,” “yourself,” etc.)


(introduced in Communication Game)

  chēfáng                 車房          garage
  dì                      地           ground, earth


Street scene in Shanghai


[212]

REFERENCE NOTES

      喂。
1. B: Wài.                             Hello.

      喂，是外交部嗎？
   A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma?           Hello. Is this the Ministry of
                                       Foreign Affairs?
      我要找林司長説話。
   A: Wǒ yào zhǎo Lín Sīzhǎng          I want to speak with Department
      shuō huà.                        Chief Liín.

Notes on No. 1

Wài jiāobù: Wàijiāo is the word for “diplomacy” (more literally,
“foreign relations”). Bù designates an organizational unit; in speaking
of the Chinese government, bù is translated as “ministry.”* The head of
a bù is a bùzhǎng, “minister.”

Wài-, “foreign,” is used in terms such as wàiguó, “overseas” (literally,
“foreign country”) and wàiguo rén, “foreigner” (most frequently referring
to a person from a non-Asian country). Literally, wài- means “outside,”
as in wàimian.

Yào zhǎo...shuō huà means, literally, “I would like to look for . . .
to speak [with himl.”

Telephone conversations: Telephone courtesy in the United States
requires that a person identify himself before beginning a conversation.
In China, however, it is normal for the caller to ask “Who is this?” and
for the person who answers the phone to inquire “Who is calling?”

*Bù is also used for a “department” of the U.S. government: Nèizhèngbù,
“Department of the Interior”

         您是哪兒？
  2.  B: Nín shi nǎr a?                Who is this?

         我姓勒克萊爾。我是法國大使館的
         商務經濟官。
      A: Wǒ xìng Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi     My name is Leclaire. I am the
         Fǎguo Dàshiguǎnde Shāngwù     Commercial/Economics Officer
         Jīngjiguān.                   from the French Embassy.

         您等一等，我給您看看他在不在。
      B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín    Wait a moment. I’ll see whether
         kànkan tā zài bu zai.         he is here or not.

Notes on No. 2

Nín shi nǎr a? is one polite way to ask who is calling. Nǎr asks for
the name of the office or organization which the caller represents. You
may also say Nǐ nǎr a? To ask for the caller’s name, use Qǐngwèn nǐ shi...?
or Qǐngwèn nǐ guìxìng?

[213]

Fǎguo: In the PRC, the word for “France” usually has a low tone instead
of a falling tone (Fàguo).

The syllable -guān means “government official,” “officer,” or
“officeholder.”

Tā zài bu zai: Zài means “to be present” here. With this meaning,
zài does not have to be followed by a place word.

       喂，他這會兒不在。您要留個話兒嗎？
3.  B: Wèi, tā zhèihuǐr bú zài.        Hello. He is not here at the moment
       Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?         Would you like to leave a message?

       勞駕，他回來的時候，您請他給我
       打個電話。
    A: Láojià, tā huílaide shíhou,     When he comes back, please ask him
       nín qǐng ta gěi wǒ dǎ ge        to give me a phone call.
       diànhuà.

Notes on No. 3

Zhèihuǐr is a colloquial word for “now,” “at the moment.” The word is
made up of zhè plus yìhuǐr. Its position preceding the verb shows that it
refers to a point in time.

Liú ge huàr: Liú means “to leave [something/someone!] behind.” Huàr,
translated in exchange 3 as “message,” is the word for “speech.” Directly
following a verb (in this case, liú), the yī of unstressed yige may be
omitted.


       好，請您把您的電話號兒告诵
       我， 我寫下來。
4.  B: Hǎo, qǐng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà  All right. Please tell me your
       hàomar gàosong wǒ. Wǒ           phone number. I’ll write it down,
       xiěxiàlái.

       我的電話是五二幺三三幺。
    A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr yāo      My phone number is 521-331.
       sān sān yāo.

Notes on No. 4

Hàomǎr is used for “number” in speaking of identification numbers such
as a passport number. (Shùmu, “number,” expresses an amount.)

[214]

Yāo is used in Běijing for giving room numbers and telephone numbers
whenever those numbers are given orally.

Xiěxialai is a compound verb which is formed like náxialai. However,
while náxialai literally means “to bring down and towards the speaker,”
xiěxialai does NOT mean “to write in a downward direction towards the
speaker.” The compound xiěxialai corresponds to the English idiom “to
write down.”

Qǐng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ illustrates some of the
rules concerning the use of the prepositional verb bǎ. (Read the
Transportation Module notes on bǎ.)

Bǎ is a prepositional verb used to bring the direct object of a sentence
to a position preceding the main verb. To do so has certain effects on
the meaning of a sentence. There are reasons why bǎ must be used, why it
may not be used, and why it is optional in different kinds of sentences.

In the first sentence of exchange 4, the use of the bǎ construction is
optional. yǒu may also say Qǐng ni gàosong wǒ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr. The
sentence fulfills the requirements for the optional use of bǎ but has
none of the features which make the use of bǎ a necessity. Let’s look
more closely at these different requirements and features.


a. What conditions are necessary for the use of bǎ?

(1) The object of bǎ must be acted on. In other words, the action
    must be performed on the object of bǎ. In the first sentence of exchange 4,
    nínde diànhuà hàomǎr undergoes the action gàosong. More obvious examples
    are

  他把地圖拿出來了。
  Tā bǎ dìtú náchulai le.              He took out the map.
                                       (MAP UNDERGOES BEING TAKEN OUT)

  他把他的車賣了。
  Tā bǎ tāde chē mài le.               He sold his car.
                                       (CAR UNDERGOES BEING SOLD)

  他把那個中國字寫在黑板上了。
  Tā bǎ nèige Zhōngguo zì              He wrote that Chinese character on
  xiě zai hēibǎnshang le.              the chalkboard.
                                       (CHINESE CHARACTER UNDERGOES BEING
                                       WRITTEN ON THE BOARD)

UNDERGOER OF THE ACTION means that the object is influenced by the action
in some way. In “I saw Mr. Wáng yesterday,” Mr. Wáng is not considered
to be the undergoer of the action.

(2) The verb must be an action verb (such as gàosong in exchange 4).
Bǎ is not used with state and process verbs. For example, you may not use
bǎ with yǒu, zhīdao, xǐhuan, ài, xiǎng, huì, or dǒng.

(3) The object of bǎ must refer to something specific (such as
nínde diànhuà hàomǎr in exchange 4): which telephone number? your telephone
number (The questioner knows which number he is referring to, even though
he does not know what the number is.) Often the object of bǎ must be
translated into English with the definite article “the”:

  請你把花瓶給我。
  Qǐng ni bǎ huāpíng gěi wo.           Please give me the vase. (NOT “a vase”)

[215]

  他把兩張票給我了。
  Tā bǎ liǎngzhāng piào gěi            He gave me the two tickets. (NOT
  wo le.                               “[any] two tickets”)

(4) The verb phrase must be complex. Here are examples of the
ways in which a verb phrase can be made complex so that bā may be used:

(ASPECT MARKER)

  他把他的車子賣了。
  Tā bǎ tāde chēzi mài le.             He sold his car.

(REDUPLICATED VERB)

  請你把票換換。
  Qǐng ni bǎ piào huànhuan.            Please exchange the tickets.

(COMPOUND VERB)

  他把我的地址寫下來了。
  Tā bǎ wǒde dìzhǐ xiěxialai le        He wrote down my address.

  你把行李拿上車去吧。
  Nǐ bǎ xíngli náshang chē             Take the baggage onto the train.
  qu ba.

  我們把昨天已經把這件事説好了。
  Wǒmen zuótiān yǐjīng bǎ              We agreed on this matter yesterday.
  zhèijiàn shì shuōhǎo le.

  我先把這個寫完再走。
  Wǒ xiān bǎ zhèige xiěwān             I will finish writing this first
  zài zǒu.                             and then leave.

  你把我的名字寫錯了。
  Nǐ bǎ wǒde míngzi xiěcuò             You wrote my name wrong.
  le.

(MANNER EXPRESSION AFTER THE VERB)

  你把這個字寫得太大了。
  Nǐ bǎ zhèige zì xiěde tài            You wrote this character too large.
  dà le.

  他把這件事事説得很清楚。
  Tā bǎ zhèijiàn shì shuōde            He talked very clearly about this.
  hěn qīngchu.

(PREPOSITIONAL VERB PHRASE AFTER THE VERB)

  把啤酒放在桌子上，
  bǎ píjiǔ fàng zai zhuōzishang.       Put the beer on the table.

  我把車停在那邊等您、
  Wǒ bǎ chē tíng zai nèibian           I will park the car over there and
  děng nín.                            wait for you.

(INDIRECT OBJECT AFTER THE VERB)

  李先生把字典給學生了。
  Lǐ Xiānsheng bǎ zìdiǎn               Mr. Lǐ has given the dictionaries
  gěi xuésheng le.                     to the students.

(NUMBER PLUS COUNTER AFTER THE VERB)

  請你再把他的電話號碼兒念一次。
  Qǐng ni zài bǎ tāde diànhuà          Please read his telephone number
  hàomār niàn yícì.                    aloud once more.

  請你把這個看一下。
  Qǐng ni bǎ zhèige kàn                Please take a look at this. (OR
  yixia.                               “Please read this over.”)

In the first sentence of exchange 4, the verb phrase is made complex by
having an indirect object after the verb: bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong
wǒ。


b.  When MUST bǎ be used?

The examples above which require the use of bǎ are those with a
prepositional verb phrase after the verb, those with a manner expression
after the verb, and most of the sentences under the heading “Compound Verb.”
In these examples, the object may not be placed between the verb and the
element which follows.


[216]

c.  When can’t bǎ be used?

Bǎ cannot normally be used in a sentence if the verb is not an
action verb, if the verb describes perception (like kànjian and tīngjian),
if the object is not the undergoer of the action, if the object is indefinite
or if the verb is a simple verb. Here are some examples of sentences in
which bǎ cannot be used:

  我買了一個收音機。
  Wǒ mǎile yíge shōuyīnjī.             I bought a radio.
                                       (INDEFINITE OBJECT)

  我看見他了。
  Wǒ kànjian ta le.                    I saw him.
                                       (PERCEPTION VERB [kànjian]; OBJECT
                                        DOES NOT UNDERGO ACTION)

  我想看這本書。
  Wǒ xiǎng kàn zhèiběn shū.            I would like to read this book.
                                       (SIMPLE VERB)

  我有很多外國朋友。
  Wǒ yǒu hěn duō wàiguo                I have a lot of foreign friends.
  péngyou.                             (yǒu NOT ACTION VERB)

  我知道這件事。
  Wǒ zhīdao zhèijiàn shì.              I know of this matter.
                                       (zhīdao NOT ACTION VERB)


d. What is the motivation for using bǎ?

Bǎ is used when the verb phrase gives more new important information
than the object does. The Chinese prefer to place that important verb
phrase in final position in a sentence, where the phrase will be prominent.
Bǎ performs the function of taking the object out of the way (to the begin-
ning of a sentence) and allowing the verb phrase to have its full impact.


e. To make a bǎ sentence negative, place the negative adverb in front
of bǎ (NOT in front of the main verb).

  他沒把桌子搬出去。
  Tā méi bǎ zhuōzi bānchuqu.           He did not move the table out.

  你不把肉放在冰箱裏怎麽行。
  Nǐ bù bǎ ròu* fàng zai               How can it do for you not to put
  bīngxiāngli zěnme xíng?              the meat in the refrigerator?
                                       (How can you not put the meat in
                                        the refrigerator?)

*ròu, “meat”


       對不起。你剛才給我打電話，我不在。
5.  C: Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcái gěi wo      I’m sorry. When you called me just
       dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.          now, I wasn’t in.

       你有事嗎？
    C: Nǐ yǒu shì ma?                  Can I help you with something?

       是啊！我那天跟您約好了明天十點到
       您辦公室去談談。
    A: Shì a! Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín       Yes, you can. The other day I made
       yuēhǎole míngtiān shídiǎn       an appointment with you to go to
       dào nín bàngōngshì qu tántan.   your office at ten o’clock tomorrow
                                       for a talk.

[217]

Notes on No. 5

Gāngcái means “just now,” “a short time ago.” It may, like other time
words, either precede or follow the subject of a sentence.

  他剛才給我打電話了。
  Tā gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà         He called me a short time ago.
  le.

  剛才他給我打電話了。
  Gāngcái tā gěi wo dǎ diànhuà
  le.

The one-syllable adverb gāng, “just,” always follows the subject of a
sentence.

  他剛給我打電話。
  Tā gāng gěi wo dǎ diànhuà.           He just called me.

Nǐ gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài, literally, “You called me just
now, I wasn’t in”: To the first clause (Nǐ gāngcái gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà), you
could add -de shihou, “when.” Even without -de shihou, the relationship
between the two clauses is still very close. Colloquially, no pause is
needed between them. Here is a similar sentence:

  剛才我去找你，你不在。
  Gāngcái wǒ qù zhǎo ni, nǐ            I just went to look for you, but you
  bú zài.                              weren’t there.

Nèitiān literally means “that day.” It is the Chinese equivalent of
“the other day.”

Yuēhǎo is a compound verb of result: yuē, “to arrange a meeting,” “to
make an appointment,” plus hǎo, “successfully complete.”

Gēn means “with” in the last sentence of exchange 5.

Bàngōngshì: Bàngōng (literally, “manage work”) is frequently used for
“do work in an office.” A bàngōngshì is a room where office work is done,
or an “office.”


       因爲明天早上我有要緊的事，所以想
       問您我們能不能改到下午。
6.  A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ     Because I have an urgent business
       yǒu yíjiàn yàojǐnde shì,        matter tomorrow morning, I want to
       suóyi xiǎng wèn nín wǒmen       ask you whether we can change it
       néng bu néng gǎi dào xiàwǔ.     [the appointment] to the afternoon.

       下午什麽時候？
    C: Xiàwǔ shénme shíhou?            What time in the afternoon?

       您看下午三四點怎麽樣？對您
       方便不方便？
    A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn        What do you think of three or four
       zěnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian     in the afternoon? Is that
       bu fangbian?                    convenient for you?

       四點比三點好。我三點中得開會。
    C: Sìdiǎn bǐ sāndiǎn hǎo. Wǒ       Four would be better than three. I
       sāndiǎn zhōng děi kāi huì.      have to attend a meeting at three
                                       o’clock.
       好吧。那明天四點鐘見。
    A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiǎn      All right. Well then, see you at
       zhōng jiàn.                     four o’clock tomorrow.

       好，我四點鐘等你。
    C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng děng ni.   All right. I’ll wait for you at
                                       four o’clock.

[218]

Notes on No. 6

Yàojǐn means “to be urgent,” “to be important.”

Yīnwei...suóyi: When the first part of an English sentence begins with
the word “because,” it is usually considered redundant to begin the second
part with “therefore.” Thus the Chinese word suóyi, “therefore,” in the
first sentence of exchange 6, is not translated into English. In Chinese,
however, suóyi is commonly used after a clause beginning with yīnwei,
“because.”

The verbs gǎi and huàn are both frequently translated as “to change.”
Gǎi means “change” in the sense of “alter,” and huàn means “change” in the
sense of “exchange.”

Gǎi dào xiàwǔ, “change (it) to the afternoon”: In this phrase, the
prepositional verb dào and its object xiàwǔ do not precede the verb; they
follow the verb. A dào, “to,” phrase which precedes the main verb in a
sentence can be a scene setter, that is, you go “to” a place and the action
takes place there. Following the main verb in a sentence, a dào phrase can
indicate where something ends up as a result of the action. In the first
sentence of exchange 6, the appointment will END UP in the afternoon. Here
are some examples of dào phrases:

  他到菜市場買菜去了。
  Tā dào càishichǎng mǎi cài           He went to the market to buy
  qu le.                               groceries. (SCENE SETTER)

  我剛才到五樓找陳太太去了。
  Wǒ gāngcái dào wǔlōu zhǎo            Just now I went to the fifth floor
  Chén Tàitai qu le.                   to look for Mrs. Chen. (SCENE
                                       SETTER)
  他跑到山上去了。
  Tā pǎo dào shānshang qu le.          He ran to the top of the mountain.
                                       (“He” ENDS UP ON THE MOUNTAINTOP.)



7.  háishi                還是          still

8.  wàiguo                外國          foreign, abroad

9.  wàiguo rén            外國人        foreigner (non-Chinese)

10. wūzi (yìjiān)         屋子 (一間)    room

11. yào                   幺            one (telephone pronunciation)


Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Háishi means “still” in the sense of “as before.” It is used in some
of the same ways that hái is used.

  雖然他有時候説話不客氣，可是我還是喜歡他。
  Suīrán tā yǒu shíhou shuō            Although he is sometimes impolite in
  huà bú kèqi, kěshi wǒ                his speech, I still like him.
  háishi xǐhuan ta.

[219]

  我還是不懂「le」怎麽用。
  Wǒ háishi bù dǒng “le” zěnme         I still don’t understand how le is
  yòng.                                used.

Wàiguo rén, “foreigner”: The use of this term is still generally based
on race rather than on citizenship. Even Chinese who are American citizens
living in the United States often refer to non-Chinese Americans as wàiguo
rén.

Wūzi, “room”: The counter for wūzi is -jiān, which literally means
”interstice,” “interval,” “space,” “room.”

[220]

DRILLS

A. Expansion Drill

             喂，是外交部嗎？                  喂，是外交部嗎？我要找林司長説話。
1.  Speaker: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma?    You: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào
                                            zhǎo Lín Sīzhǎng shuō huà.
                   林司長                    (Hello, is this the Ministry
             (cue) Lín Sīzhǎng               of Foreign Affairs? I want
             (Hello, is this the             to speak with Department
              Ministry of Foreign            Chief Lín.)
              Affairs?)

    喂，是美國武官処嗎？                   喂，是美國武官処嗎？我要找魏少校説話。
2.  Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma?      Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wǒ
                                       yào zhǎo Wèi Shàoxiào shuō huà.
    魏少校
    Wèi Shàoxiào


    喂，是中國銀行嗎？                     喂，是中國銀行嗎？我要找説話。
3.  Wèi, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma?      Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Wǒ
                                       yào zhǎo Lín Kēzhǎng shuō huà.
    林科長
    Lín Kēzhǎng


    喂，是北京飯店嗎？                     喂，是北京飯店嗎？我要找鮑爾先生説話。
4.  Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma?       Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Wǒ
                                       yào zhǎo Bāoěr Xiānsheng shuō huà.
    鮑爾先生
    Bāoěr Xiānsheng


    喂，是加拿大大使館嗎？                  喂，是加拿大大使館嗎？我要找李先生説話。
5.  Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma?     Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Wǒ
                                       yào zhǎo Lǐ Xiānsheng shuō huà.
    李先生
    Lǐ Xiānsheng


    喂，是美大司嗎？                       喂，是美大司嗎？我要找孟通知説話。
6.  Wài, shi Měidàsī ma?               Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo
                                       Mèng Tóngzhì shuō huà.
    孟通知
    Mèng Tóngzhì


    喂，是中國銀行嗎？                     喂，是中國銀行嗎？我要找张楠同志説話。
7.  Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma?      Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Wǒ
                                       yào zhǎo Zhāngnán Tóngzhì shuō
                                       huà.
    张楠同志
    Zhāngnán Tóngzhì


B.  Expansion Drill

             我給你看看他在不在。               請你等一等，我給你看看他在不在。
1.  Speaker: Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā       You: Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni
             zài bu zai.                    kànkan tā zài bu zai.
             (I’ll see whether he           (Please wait a moment. I’ll
              is here or not.)               see whether he is here or not)

    我給你看看他忙不忙。                   請你等一等，我給你看看他忙不忙。
2.  Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu        Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
    mang.                              tā máng bu mang.

    我給你看看他有功夫沒有。                請你等一等，我給你看看他有功夫沒有。
3.  Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā yǒu gōngfu     Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
    meiyou.                            tā yǒu gōngfu meiyou.

    我給你看看他來了沒有。                  請你等一等，我給你看看他來了沒有。
4.  Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā láile          Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
    meiyou.                            tā láile meiyou.

[221]

    我給你看看他走了沒有。                  請你等一等，我給你看看他走了沒有。
5.  Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zǒule          Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
    meiyou.                            tā zǒule meiyou.

    我給你看看他回來了沒有。                請你等一等，我給你看看他回來了沒有。
6.  Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile       Qǐng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
    meiyou.                            tā huílaile meiyou.

    我給你看看他回去了沒有。                請你等一等，我給你看看他回去了沒有。
7.  Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule        Qǐng ni děnyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan
    meiyou.                            tā huíqule meiyou.


C. Substitution Drill

             勞駕，把您的電話號碼兒告诵我。        勞駕，把王先生的電話號碼兒告诵我。
1.  Speaker: Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà  You: Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde
              hàomǎr gàosong                diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wo.
              wǒ.                           (Please tell me Mr. Wáng’s
                                             telephone number.)
                    王先生的電話號碼兒
              (cue) Wáng Xiānshengde
              de diànhuà hàomǎr
              (Please tell me his
              telephone number.)

    勞駕，把王先生的電話號碼兒告诵我。        勞駕，把他的電話號碼兒
2.  Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde        Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr
    diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.         gàosong wǒ.

    他的電話號碼兒
    tāde diànhuà hàomǎr

    勞駕，把他的告诵我。                    勞駕，把他的地址告诵我。
3.  Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr     Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhí gàosong wǒ.
    gàosong wǒ.

    他的地址
    tāde dìzhí

    勞駕，把他的告诵我。                    勞駕，把他的辦公室的號碼兒告诵我。
4.  Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhí gàosong      Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr
    wǒ.                                gàosong wǒ.

    他的辦公室的號碼兒
    tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr

    勞駕，把他的辦公室的號碼兒告诵我。        勞駕，把他的地址告诵我。
5.  Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde       Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhí gàosong wǒ.
    hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.

    他的地址
    tāde dìzhí

    勞駕，把他的                          勞駕，把您的電話號碼兒告诵我。
6.  Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhí gàosong      Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr
    wǒ.                                gàosong wǒ.

    您的電話號碼兒
    nínde diànhuà hàomǎr

    勞駕，把您的電話號碼兒告诵我。
7.  Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr
    gàosong wǒ.


[222]

D.  Response Drill

             你寫下來了嗎？                    我還沒寫下來。
1.  Speaker: Nǐ xiěxiàlái le ma?       You: Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.
                                            (I haven’t written it down
             (cue) not yet                   yet.)
             (Have yǒu written it
              down?)

    你寫好了嗎？                         我快寫好了。
2.  Nǐ xiěhǎo le ma?      soon will    Wǒ kuài xiěhǎo le.

    你寫下來了嗎？                        我已經寫下來了。
3.  Nǐ xiěxiàlái le ma?   already      Wǒ yǐjīng xiěxiàlái le

    你寫下來了嗎？                        我還沒寫下來了。
4.  Nǐ xiěxiàlái le ma?   not yet      Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.

    你寫下來了嗎？                        我沒寫下來。
5.  Nǐ xiěxiàlái le ma?   did not      Wǒ méi xiěxiàlái.

    你寫好了嗎？                         我已經寫好了。
6.  Nǐ xiěhǎo le ma?      already      Wǒ yǐjīng xiěhǎo le.

    你寫下來了嗎？                        我寫下來了。
7.  Nǐ xiěxiàlái le ma?   Yes, I did   Wǒ xiěxiàlái le.


E.  Response Drill

             你跟他約好了                     跟他約好了，在他辦公室見。
1.  Speaker: Nǐ gēn tā yuēhǎo le ma?   You: Gēn tā yuēhǎo le, zài tā
                                            bàngōngshì jiàn.
                                            (I made arrangements with him
             (cue) tā bàngōngshì             to meet at his office.)
             (Did yǒu make
              arrangements with him?)

    你跟王先生約好了嗎？                   跟王先生約好了在火車站見。
2.  Nǐ gēn Wáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le    Gēn Wáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài
    ma?                                huǒchēzhàn jiàn.

    火車站
    huǒchēzhàn

    你跟李女士約好了嗎？                   跟李女士約好了在我的辦公室見。
3.  Nǐ gēn Lǐ Nǚshì yuēhǎo le ma?      Gēn Lǐ Nǘshì yuēhǎo le, zài wǒde
                                       bàngōngshì jiàn.
    我的辦公室
    wǒde bàngōngshì

    你跟劉主任約好了嗎？                   跟劉主任約好了在外交部見。
4.  Nǐ gēn Liú Zhǔrēn yuēhǎo le ma?    Gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le, zài
                                       Wàijiāobù jiàn.
    外交部
    Wàijiāobù

    你跟鮑教授約好了嗎？                   跟鮑教授約好了在學校見。
5.  Nǐ gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le ma?  Gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le, zài
                                       xuéxiào jiàn.
    學校
    xuéxiào

    你跟白科長約好了嗎？                   跟白科長約好了在他的辦公室見。
6.  Nǐ gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le ma?   Gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le, zài
                                       tāde bàngōngshì jiàn.
    他的辦公室
    tāde bàngōngshì

    你跟楊先生約好了嗎？                   跟楊先生約好了在會客室見。
7.  Nǐ gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le    Gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài
    ma?                                huìkèshì jiàn.

    會客室
    huìkèshì


[223]

F.  Substitution Drill

You will need the word zhǔrèn, “director,” in this exercise.

             因爲上午我們有要緊的事，
             所以改到下午了。                  因爲上午林主任不能來，所以改到下午了。
1.  Speaker: Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒmen      You: Yīnwei shàngwǔ Lín Zhǔrèn bù
             yǒu yàojǐnde shì,              néng lái, suóyi gāidào
             suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ             xiàwǔ le.
             le.                            (Because Director Lín cannot
                                             come in the morning, we will
                   林主任不能來                have to change to the
             (cue) Lín Zhǔrèn bù             afternoon.)
                   néng lái
             (Because we have some
              important business
              in the morning, we
              will have to change
              to the afternoon.)

    因爲上午林主任不能來，所以改到下午了。     因爲上午他在外交部開會，所以改到下午了。
2.  Yīnwei shàngwǔ Lín Zhǔrèn bù       Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù
    néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ       kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
    le.

    他在外交部開會
    tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì

    因爲上午他在外交部開會，所以改到下午了。   因爲上午我得教書，所以改到下午了。
3.  Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù    Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi jiāo shū,
    kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ        suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
    le.

    我得教書
    wǒ děi jiāo shū

    因爲上午我得教書，所以改到下午了。        因爲上午我得到大使館去，所以改到下午了。
4.  Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi jiāo shū,    Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Dàshiguān
    suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.             qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.

    我得到大使館去
    wǒ děi dào Dàshiguān qù

    因爲上午我得到大使館去，所以改到下午了。   因爲上午我得跟伍先生當面談談，所以改到下午了。
5.  Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào          Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ
    Dàshiguān qù, suóyi gǎidào         Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi
    xiàwǔ le.                          gǎidào xiàwǔ le.

    我得跟伍先生當面談談
    wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn
    tántan

    因爲上午我得跟伍先生當面談談，
    所以改到下午了。                       因爲上午我沒工夫，所以改到下午了。
6.  Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ       Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi
    Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan,         gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
    suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.

    我沒工夫
    wǒ méi gōngfu

    因爲上午我沒工夫，所以改到下午了。
7.  Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu,
    suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.


[224]

G.  Substitution Drill

             下午三四點怎麽樣？                他怎麽樣？
1.  Speaker: Xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn          You: Tā zěnmeyàng?
             zěnmeyàng?                     (How is he? [How about him?])

                   他
             (cue) tā
             (How is [How about]
              three or four in the
              afternoon?)

    他怎麽樣？                           臺灣怎麽樣？
2.  Tā zěnmeyàng?                      Táiwān zěnmeyàng?

    臺灣
    Táiwān

    臺灣怎麽樣？                         臺灣經濟怎麽樣？
3.  Táiwān zěnmeyàng?                  Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng?

    臺灣經濟
    Táiwānde jīngji

    臺灣經濟怎麽樣？                      那個飯店怎麽樣？
4.  Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng?         Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng?

    那個飯店
    nèige fàndiàn

    那個飯店怎麽樣？                      這個學校怎麽樣？
5.  Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng?           Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng?

    這個學校
    zhèige xuéxiào

    這個學校怎麽樣？                      他們賣的電視怎麽樣？
6.  Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng?          Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?

    他們賣的電視
    tāmen màide diànshì

    他們賣的電視怎麽樣？
7.  Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?


H.  Transformation Drill

             他們明天開會。                    他們明天什麽時候開會。
1.  Speaker: Tāmen míngtiān kāi huì.   You: Tāmen míngtiān shénme shíhou
             (cue) when                     kāi huì?
             (They are meeting              (When are they meeting
              tomorrow.)                     tomorrow?)

    他們明天開會。                        他們明天在哪兒開會？
2.  Tāmen míngtiān kāi huì.            Tāmen míngtiān zài nǎr kāi huì?


    where

    他們昨天開會了。                       他們昨天是什麽時候開的會？
3.  Tāmen zuótiān kāi huì le.          Tāmen zuótiān shi shénme shíhou
                                       kāide huì?

    when

    他們昨天開會了。                       他們昨天是在哪兒開的會。
4.  Tāmen zuótiān kāi huì le.          Tāmen zuótiān shi zài nǎr kāide huì?


    where

    他們明天開會。                        他們明天開會開幾個鐘頭？
5.  Tāmen míngtiān kāi huì.            Tāmen míntiān kāi huì kāi jǐge
                                       zhōngtóu?

    how many hours

    他們昨天開會了。                       他們昨天開會開了多久？
6.  Tāmen zuótiān kāi huì le.          Tāmen zuótiān kāi huì kāile duó jiǔ?


    how long

    他已經開會了嗎？                      他已經開會了。
7.  Tāmen yǐjīng kāi huì le ma?        Tāmen yǐjīng kāi huì le.


    yes


[225]

UNIT 6

REFERENCE LIST

(in Taipei)

       今天我們一起去吃中飯，號碼？
1.  B: Jīntiān wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī       Let’s go have lunch together today.
       zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?               Okay?

       好啊。到東門餐廳去吃吧。
    A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Cānting      All right. Why don’t we go to the
       qù chī ba.                      East Gate Restaurant?

       東門的菜沒有大華的菜那麽好吧。
2.  B: Dōngménde cài kǒngpà            I’m afraid that the food at the
       méiyou Dàhuáde cài nàme         East Gate isn’t as good as the
       hǎo ba.                         food at the Great China.

       雖然不太好，可是離我們這裏近。
    A: Suírán bú tài hǎo, kěshi        Even though it [East Gate] is not
       lí wǒmen zhèli jìn.             too good, it is close to us.

       哦，還有一個新開的飯館子離我們這裏更近。
3.  B: Òu, hái yǒu yíge xīn kāide      Oh, there is also a newly opened
       fànguǎnzi lí wǒmen zhèli        restaurant that is even closer to
       gèng jin.                       us.

       他們那裏的菜非常好。
    B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng       The food there is extremely
       hǎo.                            good.

       今天我請你到那裏去吃。
    B: Jīntiān wǒ qǐng ni dào nàli     Today I am going to invite you to
       qù chī.                         go there to eat.

       那不好意思！
4.  A: Nà bù hǎo yìsi!                 I can’t let you do that!
                                       (That would be too embarrassing!)
       別客氣，沒什麽。那個地方的菜又好又便宜。
    B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme.           Don’t be polite. It’s nothing.
       Nèige dìfangde cài yòu          The food there is both good and
       hǎo yòu piányi.                 cheap.

       你説的地方一定好。
5.  A: Nǐ shuōde dìfang yídìng         Any place you suggest is sure to
       hǎo.                            be good.

       他們那裏有好些菜別的地方吃不着。
    B: Tāmen nàli yǒu hǎoxiē cài       They have a good many dishes there
       biéde dìfang chībuzháo.         that you can’t find (at) other
                                       places.


ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)


6.  bù yídìng             不一定        not necessarily; it’s not definite
7.  kànfa                 看法          opinion, view

[226]

8.  wǎnfàn                晚飯          supper, dinner
9.  xiǎngfa               想法          idea, opinion
10. yìxiē                 一些          some, several, a few
11. zǎofàn                早飯          breakfast
12. zuòfa                 做法          way of doing things, method, practice


Modern apartments in Shanghai


[227]

VOCABULARY

biéde                     別的            other, different
bù hǎo yìsi               不好意思         to be embarrassing; to feel embarrassed
bù yídìng                 不一定           not necessarily; it’s not definite
cài                       菜              food, cooked dish
cāntīng                   餐廳            dining room; restaurant
chībuzháo                 吃不找          can’t find (to eat)
Dàahuá Cāntīng            大華餐廳         Great China Restaurant
Dōngmén Cāntīng           東門餐廳         East Gate Restaurant
fēicháng                  非常            very, extremely, highly
gèng                      更             even more
hǎoxiē                    好些            a good many, a lot
kànfa                     看法            opinion, view
méiyou...nàme/zhème       沒有...那麽/怎麽 is not as...as...
suírǎn (suīrán)...kěshi... 雖然...可是...  although, even though...(still)...
wǎnfàn                    晚飯            supper, dinner
xiǎngfa                   想法            idea, opinion
yídìng                    一定            certainly
yìxiē                     一些            some, several, a few
yòu...yòu...              又...又...      both...and...
zǎofǎn                    早飯            breakfast
zhōngfàn                  中飯            lunch
zuòfa                     做法            way of doing things, method, practice

(introduced on C-2 tape)

ānpaíhǎo le               安排好了       successfully arranged
-bù                       部            (counter for cars and buses)
chūfā                     出發          to start a journey
jiāoqū                    郊區          suburbs

[228]

lǎoshi                    老是          always, all the time
lián...(yě)               連...也       even...(also)
Shísānlíng                十三陵        Ming Tombs (literally, “Thirteen Tombs”)
yěcān                     野餐          picnic
yǒu míng                  又名          to be famous
Yúyuán                    渝園          Szechuan Garden
zhāodài                   招待          to be hospitable to


[229]

REFERENCE NOTES

       今天我們一起去吃中飯，號碼？
1.  B: Jīntiān wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī       Let’s go have lunch together today.
       zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?               Okay?

       好啊。到東門餐廳去吃吧。
    A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Cānting      All right. Why don’t we go to the
       qù chī ba.                      East Gate Restaurant?

Note on No. 1

Zhōngfàn means, literally, “middle meal.” “Breakfast” is zǎofàn, “early
meal.” “Supper” is wǎnfàn, “late meal.”


       東門的菜沒有大華的菜那麽好吧。
2.  B: Dōngménde cài kǒngpà            I’m afraid that the food at the
       méiyou Dàhuáde cài nàme         East Gate isn’t as good as the
       hǎo ba.                         food at the Great China.

       雖然不太好，可是離我們這裏近。
    A: Suírán bú tài hǎo, kěshi        Even though it [East Gate] is not
       lí wǒmen zhèli jìn.             too good, it is close to us.

Notes on No. 2

Cài, “(nonstaple) food,” “dish,” “course (of a meal)”: Literally, cài
means “vegetables.” It refers to any dish that is eaten with rice. Both
meat and vegetable dishes are included in the meaning.

The pattern ...(méi)you...nàme... is used to make comparisons when
one thing is LESS than another.

                                 STATE VERB (OFTEN
  1 + měiyou + 2 + nàme/zhème + ADJECTIVAL VERB)
  --------------------------------------------------

  他  沒有      你    那麽         忙。
  Tā  méiyou   nǐ    nàme        máng.

  我  沒有      他    那麽         聰明。
  Wǒ  méiyou   tā    nàme        cōngming.

  他  沒有      我    那麽         有錢。
  Tā  méiyou   wǒ    nàme        yǒu qián.

Used less frequently without the negative méi-, the pattern means “to be as
[quality] AS [something else].”

  你的書沒有我的書那麽多。
  Nǐde shū méiyǒu wǒde shū             Your books are not as many as mine,
  nàme duō.                            (You don’t have as many books as
                                        I do.)
  有
  Yǒu.                                 Yes, they are. (Yes, I do have as
                                       many books as you do.)
  那個學校的圖書館有這個學校的怎麽好嗎？
  Nèige xuéxiàode túshūguǎn yǒu        Is that school’s library as good as
  zhèige xuéxiàode zhème hǎo           this one’s?
  ma?

[230]

Suírán.. .kěshi... : Suírán (or suīrán), “although,” must always be
followed by kěshi or dànshi, meaning “but,” in the second part of a sentence.
Kěshi/dànshi would not usually be translated into English, but sometimes the
word “still” is included in the translation: “Although it’s not too good,
still it’s close to us.” Suírán may either precede the subject or be placed
between the subject and the verb of a sentence.

  雖然她喜歡旅行，可是她沒去過中國。
  Suīrán tā xǐhuan lǚxíng, kěshi       Although she likes to travel, she
  tā méi qùguo Zhōngguó.               has never been to China.

  他雖然講了好幾次，可是我還是不懂，
  Tā suīrán jiǎngle hǎojīcì,           Although he explained it many times
  kěshi wǒ háishi bù dǒng.             I still didn’t understand.

  我雖然沒看見過，可是聽人説過。
  Wǒ suīrán méi kànjianguo,            Although I have never seen it, I
  kěshi tīng rén shuōguo.              have heard of it.



       哦，還有一個新開的飯館子離我們這裏更近。
3.  B: Òu, hái yǒu yíge xīn kāide      Oh, there is also a newly opened
       fànguǎnzi lí wǒmen zhèli        restaurant that is even closer to
       gèng jin.                       us.

       他們那裏的菜非常好。
    B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng       The food there is extremely
       hǎo.                            good.

       今天我請你到那裏去吃。
    B: Jīntiān wǒ qǐng ni dào nàli     Today I am going to invite you to
       qù chī.                         go there to eat.

Notes on Wo. 3

Xīn kāide: The adjectival verb xīn, “new,” means “newly,” “recently”
when used as an adverb.

Gèng, “more,” “even more,” “still more”

  在領事館工作的人比大使館更多。
  Zài lǐngshiguǎn gōngzuòde rén        More people work at the consulates
  bǐ dàshiguǎn gèng duō.               than at the embassy.

  綠蘋果很貴，紅蘋果更貴。
  Lǜ píngguǒ hěn guì, hóng             Green apples are expensive; red
  píngguǒ gèng guì.                    apples are even more expensive.

  張霆鋒説的中國話，中國人很難聽得懂，
  外國人一定更難。
  Zhāng Tíngfēng shuōde Zhōngguo       Zhāng Tíng Fēng’s Chinese is hard
  huà, Zhōngguo rén hěn nán            for Chinese people to understand;
  tīngdedǒng, wàiguo rén               for a foreigner, it would
  yídìng gèng nán.                     certainly be even harder.


An overview of comparison: you have now learned several ways to compare
things. The patterns presented here are the most common ones. Each pattern
has a standard purpose:

(MORE)
   比
...bǐ...          (STATE VERB)

[231]

(LESS)
   沒有      那麽
...méiyou...nàme  (STATE VERB)

(EQUAL)
    跟     一樣
...gēn...yíyang   (STATE VERB)

A simple adjectival verb may also be used to make a comparison:

這兩本，哪本貴？
Zhèi liǎngběn, něiběn guì?             Which of these two books is more
                                       expensive?

For each of the three patterns above (MORE—LESS—EQUAL), the comparison is
made with a STATE verb. State verbs include adjectival verbs (hǎo, “to be
good”), auxiliary verbs (huì, “to know how to,” “can”), and verbs describing
mental attitudes or situations (zhīdao, “to know”; xǐhuan, “to like”; ài,
“to love”).

  他比我愛中國飯。
  Tā bǐ wǒ ài chī Zhōngguo fàn.        He loves to eat Chinese food more
                                       than I.
  這件事情，你比他知道。
  Zhèijiàn shìqing, nǐ bǐ tā           You know more about this than he does.
  zhīdao.

  他沒有我怎麽喜歡看電影。
  Tā méiyou wǒ zhème xǐhuan            He doesn’t like to see movies as
  kàn diànyǐng.                        much as I do.

Although the verb phrase begins with a state verb, that may not be the
only word in the comparison. It may be expanded to include other verbs (any
type) and objects.

The things being compared may also be expanded. Whole sentences may be
placed in the slots for things compared:

  坐火車沒有坐飛機那麽快。
  Zuò huǒchē méiyou zuò fēijī          Going by train is not as fast as
  nàme kuài.                           going by plane.

  我學中文比他學歷史容易。
  Wǒ xué Zhōngwén bǐ tā xué            It’s easier for him, studying history,
  lìshǐ róngyi.                        than it is for me, studying Chinese.

Although the prepositional verb bǐ is used to say that one thing is
“more” than another, do not use the negative of this pattern to say that
something is “less.”

  他比他哥哥能説話。
  Tā bǐ tā gēge néng shuō huà.         He is a better talker (smoother
                                       talker) than his older brother.

This pattern may also be expanded to indicate just HOW MUCH more one thing
is than another. (Place the amount after the verb in a sentence.)

  這本比那本貴三塊錢。
  Zhèiběn bǐ nèiben guì sānkuài        This book is three dollars more
  qián.                                expensive than that one.

  我比他大兩嵗。
  Wǒ bǐ tā dà liǎngsuì.                I am two years older than she is.

Another way to indicate how much more is to add -de duō, “a lot,” to an
adjectival verb.

  這個比那個好看得多。
  Zhèige bǐ něige hǎokànde duō!        This is much better looking than
                                       that!
[232]

Use the pattern ...méiyou...nàme + state verb to say that one thing is
less than another.

  我的字沒有他的那麽好看。
  Wǒde zì méiyou tāde nàme             My characters don’t look as good as
  hǎokàn.                              his.

  她想買的房子沒有這個房子近。
  Tā xiǎng mǎide fángzi méiyou         The house she wants to buy isn’t as
  zhèige fángzi jìn.                   close as this one.

The affirmative pattern ...yǒu...nàme + state verb is ambiguous: it says
that one item is AT LEAST AS expensive as another item which is either
equally expensive or less expensive. This pattern is not as common as
...méiyou...name + state verb.

The adverbs gèng, “even more,” and zuì, “most,” are easily used to
compare more than two things. (Place these adverbs before the verb in a
sentence.)

  這兩本很貴，可是那本更貴。
  Zhèi liǎngběn hěn guì, kěshi         These two books are very expensive,
  nèiběn gèng guì.                     but that one is even more expensive.

  第一本比第二本貴，可是第三本最貴。
  Dìyīběn bǐ dìèrběn guì, kěshi        The first book is more expensive than
  dìsānběn zuì guì.                    that one, but the third one is the
                                       most expensive.

If the entire sentence involves a comparison of the three books, the speaker
may single out the most expensive book with zuì, or sometimes without it.

  這三本書，哪本貴？
  Zhèi sānběn shū, něiběn guì?         Of these three books, which is the
                                       (most) expensive one?

  這本最貴。
  Zhèiběn zuì guì.                     This one is the most expensive.


       那不好意思！
4.  A: Nà bù hǎo yìsi!                 I can’t let you do that!
                                       (That would be too embarrassing!)
       別客氣，沒什麽。那個地方的菜又好又便宜。
    B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme.           Don’t be polite. It’s nothing.
       Nèige dìfangde cài yòu          The food there is both good and
       hǎo yòu piányi.                 cheap.

Notes on No. 4

Bù hǎo yìsi is an idiomatic phrase meaning “to be embarrassing.” In
Chinese culture, treating someone to a meal both shows your respect for him
and maintains your status as a generous host. In exchange 4, Nà bù hǎo yìsi
means “I’m embarrassed to have you show me so much respect,” or “I’m
embarrassed to appear to be too cheap to treat you.” Bù hǎo yìsi also means
“to feel embarrassed.”

Yòu...yòu..., “both...and..The element following each you may be as
simple as an adjectival verb or as complex as a full verb phrase.

  他孩子又會説英文，又會說中國話。
  Tā háizi yòu huì shuō Yīngwén,       His child can speak both English and
  yòu huì shuō Zhōngguō huà.           Chinese.


[233]

       你説的地方一定好。
5.  A: Nǐ shuōde dìfang yídìng         Any place you suggest is sure to
       hǎo.                            be good.

       他們那裏有好些菜別的地方吃不着。
    B: Tāmen nàli yǒu hǎoxiē cài       They have a good many dishes there
       biéde dìfang chībuzháo.         that you can’t find (at) other
                                       places.

Notes on No. 5

Yídìng, “certainly,” can act as either an adverb or an adjectival verb.

  (ADVERB)

  他一定來。
  Tā yídìng lái.                       He will definitely come.

  我不一定去。
  Wǒ bù yídìng qù.                     It’s not certain that I will go.

  我還不一定去。
  Wǒ hái bù yídìng qù.                 It’s not yet certain that I will go


  (ADJECTIVAL VERB)

  你那天去？
  還不一定。
  Nǐ něitiān qù?                       On what day are you going there?
  Hái bù yídìng.                       It’s not certain yet.

  那是一定的
  Na shi yídìngde.                     That’s for sure.

Hǎoxiē means “a good many” or “a lot.” You have seen -xiē, “several,”
“some,” in zhèixie, “these,” and nèixie, “those.” The element -xiē also
occurs in yìxiē, “some,” “a few”: Shūjiàzishang hái yòu yìxiē shū,
(書架子還有一些書) “There are still a few books on the bookcase.”

Biéde is the word for “other” in the sense of “a different one.”
LÌngwài is the word for “other” when you mean “an additional one.”

Chībuzháo: In this compound verb of result, the ending -zháo indicates
success in obtaining something. Here are some examples of compounds ending
in -zháo:

  我找不着他的電話號碼兒。
  Wǒ zhǎobuzháo tāde diànhuà           I cannot find his phone number,
  hàomǎr.

  今天沒買着蘋果。
  Jīntiān méi mǎizháo píngguǒ.         I did not succeed in buying apples
                                       today.

[234]


6.  bù yídìng             不一定        not necessarily; it’s not definite
7.  kànfa                 看法          opinion, view
8.  wǎnfàn                晚飯          supper, dinner
9.  xiǎngfa               想法          idea, opinion
10. yìxiē                 一些          some, several, a few
11. zǎofàn                早飯          breakfast
12. zuòfa                 做法          way of doing things, method, practice


Notes on Additional Required. Vocabulary

Kànfa, “opinion,” “view,” may be loosely translated as “way of looking
at things.” The word is made up of kàn, to look,” and fǎ, “method,” “way.”

  我們對這件事的看法不一樣。
  Wǒmen duì zhèijiàn shìde             Our opinions on this matter are not
  kànfa bù yíyàng.                     the same.

Xiǎngfa, “idea,” “opinion,” is made up of xiǎng, “to think,” and fǎ,
“method, “way.” Xiǎngfa is a “way of thinking”The word is actually
pronounced xiǎngfa.

  他的想法跟我的一樣。
  Tāde xiǎngfa gēn wǒde yíyàng.        His way of thinking is the same as
                                       mine.

Zuòfa, “way of doing things,” “method,” “practice,” is made up of the
verb zuò. “to do,” and fǎ, “method,” “way.”

  你的目的很好，可是我不喜歡你的做法。
  Nǐde mùdi hěn hǎo, kěshi wǒ          Your goal is good, but I don’t like
  bù xīhuan nǐde zuòfa.                your methods.


[235]

DRILLS

A. Response Drill

             今天我們一起去吃中飯，好嗎？         好，今天我請你。
1.  Speaker: Jīntiān wǒmen yìqǐ qù     You: Hǎo, jīntiān wǒ qǐng ni.
             chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?          (All right. Today I’m inviting
             (Let’s go have lunch            you.)
              together today. Okay?)

             今天我請你去吃中飯。               別客氣，我們一起去吃中飯。
  OR         Jīntiān wǒ qǐng ni qù          Bié kèqi, wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī
             chī zhōngfàn.                  zhōngfàn.
             (Today I am inviting           (Don’t be so polite. Let’s
              you to go to eat               Just go together and split
              lunch.)                        the bill.)

    明天中午我們一起去吃中飯，好嗎？         好，明天中午我請你。
2.  Míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒmen yìqǐ qù     Hǎo, míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qǐng ni.
    chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?

    明天中午我請你去吃中飯。                別客氣，我們一起去吃中飯。
3.  Míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qǐng ni qù     Bié kèqi, wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī
    chī zhōngfàn.                      zhōngfàn.

    星期五我們一起去吃中飯，好嗎？           好，星期五我請你。
4.  Xīngqīwǔ wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī         Hǎo, Xīngqīwǔ wǒ qǐng ni.
    zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?

    星期六我請你去吃中飯。                  別客氣，我們一起去吃中飯。
5.  Xīngqīliù wǒ qǐng ni qù chī        Bié kèqi, wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī
    zhōngfàn.                          zhōngfàn.

    明天中午我們一起去吃中飯，好嗎？         好，明天我請你。
6.  Míngtiān wǒmen yìqǐ qù chī         Hǎo, míngtiān wǒ qǐng ni.
    zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?


B: Transformation Drill

             那個肉比這個肉好。                 這個肉沒有那個肉那麽好。
1.  Speaker: Nèige ròu bǐ zhèige       You: Zhèige ròu méiyou nèige ròu
             ròu hǎo.                       nàme hǎo.
             (This meat is better           (This meat is not as good as
              than that meat.)               that meat.)

    新的比舊的好。                        舊的沒有新的那麽好。
2.  Xīnde bǐ jiùde hǎo.                Jiùde méiyou xīnde nàme hǎo.

    大話的菜比東門的菜好。                  東門的菜沒有大話的菜那麽好。
3.  Dàhuáde cài bǐ Dōngménde cài       Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuáde cài
    hǎo.                               nàme hǎo.

[236]

    他的錢比我的錢多。                     我的錢沒有他的錢那麽多。
4.  Tāde qián bǐ wǒde qián duō.        Wǒde qián meiyou tāde qián nàme
                                       duō.

    那個肉比這個肉貴。                     這個肉沒有那個肉那麽貴。
5.  Nèige ròu bǐ zhèige ròu guì.       Zhèige ròu měiyou nèige ròu nàme
                                       guì.

    舊書比新書便宜。                      新書沒有舊書那麽便宜。
6.  Jiù shū bǐ xīn shū piányi.         Xīn shū měiyou jiù shū nàme piányi.


    他開車比我開得快。                     我開車沒有他開de車那麽快。
7.  Tā kāi chē bǐ wǒ kāide kuài.       Wǒ kāi chē měiyou tā kāide nàme kuài.


C. Combination Drill

             不太好。離我們家近。                雖然不太好，可是離我們家近。
1.  Speaker: Bú tài hǎo. Lí wǒmen      You: Suīrán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí
             jiā jìn.                       wǒmen jiā jìn.
             (It is not too good.           (Even though it is not too good
              It is close to us.)            it is close to us.)

             很好。離我們家太遠。                雖然很好，可是離我們家太遠。
    OR       Hěn hǎo. Lí wǒmen jiā          Suīrán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí wǒmen
             tài yuǎn.                      jiā tài yuǎn.
             (it is very good. It           (Even though it is very good,
              is too far from us.)           it is too far from us.)

    不太方便。離我們家近。                  雖然不太方便，可是離我們家近。
2.  Bú tài fāngbian. Lí wǒmen          Suīrán bú tài fāngbian, kěshi lí
    jiā jìn.                           wǒmen jiā jìn.

    不太便宜。離我們家近。                  雖然不太便宜，可是離我們家近。
3.  Bu tài piányi. Lí wǒmen jiā        Suīrán bú tài piányi, kěshi lí
    jìn.                               wǒmen jiā jìn.

    很便宜。離我們家遠。                    雖然很便宜，可是離我們家遠。
4.  Hěn piányi. Lí wǒmen jiā tài       Suīrán hěn piányi, kěshi lí wǒmen
    yuǎn.                              jiā tài yuǎn.

    很好。離我們家遠。                      雖然很好，可是離我們家遠。
5.  Hěn hǎo. Lí wǒmen jiā tài          Suīrán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí wǒmen jiā
    yuǎn.                              tài yuǎn.

    不太好。離我們家近。                    雖然不太好，可是離我們家近。
6.  Bú tài hǎo. Lí wǒmen jiā hěn       Suīrán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí wǒmen
    jìn.                               jiā hěn jìn.


[237]

D. Transformation Drill

             那個飯館子離這兒很近。              這個飯館子比那個飯館子離這兒很近。
1.  Speaker: Nèige fànguǎnzi lí        You: Zhèige fànguǎnzi bǐ nèige
             zhèr hěn jìn.                  fànguǎnzi lí zhèr gèng jìn.
                                            (This restaurant is even closer
                                             to here than that restaurant.)
                   這個
             (cue) zhèige
             (That restaurant is
              very close to here.)

    他家離這兒很近。                       我家比他家離這兒更近。
2.  Tā jiā lí zhèr hěn jìn.            Wǒ jiā bǐ tā jiā lí zhèr gèng jìn.

    我家
    wǒ jiā

    那個銀行離這兒很遠。                    中國銀行比那個銀行離這兒很遠。
3.  Nèige yínháng lí zhèr hěn yuǎn.    Zhōngguo Yínháng bǐ nèige yínháng
                                       lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.
    這個銀行
    Zhōngguo Yínháng

    五路汽車站離這兒很遠。                  那個汽車站比五路汽車站離這兒很遠。
4.  Wǔlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr hěn yuǎn,   Nèige Qìchēzhàn bǐ Wūlù Qìchēzhàn
                                       lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.
    那個汽車站
    nèige Qìchēzhàn

    武官処離這兒很遠。                     大使館比武官処離這兒很遠。
5.  Wǔguānchù lí zhèr hěn yuǎn.        Dàshiguān bǐ Wǔguānchù lí zhèr gèng
                                       yuǎn.
    大使館
    Dàshiguǎn

    火車站離這兒很近。                     公路局車站比火車站離這兒很近。
6.  Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr hěn jìn.        Gōnglùjú chēzhàn bǐ huǒchēzhàn lí
                                       zhèr gèng jìn.
    公路局車站
    Gōnglùjú chēzhàn

    吾科長家離這兒很遠。                    李教授家比吾科長家離這兒很遠。
7.  Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr hěn yuǎn.   Lǐ Jiàoshòu jiā bǐ Wú Kēzhǎng jiā
                                       lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.
    李教授家
    Lǐ Jiàoshòu jiā


E. Transformation Drill

             張小姐，王先生都有錢。              張小姐跟王先生一樣有錢。
1.  Speaker: Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng       You: Zhāng Xiǎojiě gēn Wáng Xiānsheng
             Xiānsheng dōu yǒu              yíyàng yǒu qián.
             qián.                          (Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wáng are
             (cue) the same                  equally rich.)
             (Both Miss Zhāng and
              Mr. Wáng have money
              [are rich].)

    張小姐，王先生都有錢。                  張小姐比王先生有錢。
2.  Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng      Zhāng Xiǎojiě bǐ Wáng Xiānsheng yǒu
    dōu yǒu qián.                      qián.

    more

    張小姐，王先生都有錢。                  張小姐沒有王先生那麽有錢。
3.  Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng      Zhāng Xiǎojiě méiyou Wáng Xiānsheng
    dōu yǒu qián.                      nàme yǒu qián.

    less

    張小姐，王先生都有錢。                  張小姐比王先生更有錢。
4.  Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng      Zhāng Xiǎojiě bǐ Wáng Xiānsheng
    dōu yǒu qián.                      gèng yǒu qián.

    even more

[238]

    張小姐的錢，王先生的錢都很多。            張小姐的錢跟王先生的錢一樣多。
5.  Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng         Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián gēn Wáng
    Xiānshengde qián dōu hěn duō.      Xiānshengde qián yíyàng duō.

    the same

    張小姐的錢，王先生的錢都很多。            張小姐的錢沒有王先生的錢那麽多。
6.  Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng         Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián méiyou Wáng
    Xiānshengde qián dōu hěn duō.      Xiānshengde qián nàme duō.

    less

    張小姐的錢，王先生的錢都很多。            張小姐的錢比王先生的錢更多。
7.  Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng         Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián bǐ Wáng
    Xiānshengde qián dōu hěn duō.      Xiānshengde qián gèng duō.

    even more


F.  Substitution Drill

             你們這兒的菜很好。                 你們這兒的菜非常好。
1.  Speaker: Nǐmen zhèrde cài hěn      You: Nǐmen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo.
             hǎo.                           (Your food here is exceptionally
             (cue) exceptionally             good.)
             (Your food here is
              very good.)

    你們這兒的菜非常好。                   你們這兒的菜好極了。
2.  Nǐmen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo.     Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.

    extremely

    你們這兒的菜好極了。                   你們這兒的菜好極了。
3.  Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.          Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn

    a little (more)

    你們這兒的菜好一點。                   你們這兒的菜更好。
4.  Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn.       Nǐmen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo.

    even more

    你們這兒的菜更好。                     你們這兒的菜好極了。
5.  Nǐmen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo.         Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.

    extremely

    你們這兒的菜好極了。                   你們這兒的菜特別好。
6.  Nǐmen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.          Nǐmen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo.

    expecially

    你們這兒的菜特別好。
7.  Nǐmen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo.


[239]

G.  Combination Drill

             這本書很好。這本書很便宜。           這本書又好又便宜。
1.  Speaker: Zhèiběn shū hěn hǎo.      You: Zhèiběn shū yòu hǎo yòu piányi
             Zhèiběn shū hěn                (This book is both good and
             piányi.                         inexpensive.)
             (This book is good.
              This book is
              inexpensive.)

    你買的地圖很好。你買的地圖很便宜。        你買的地圖又好又便宜。
2.  Nǐ mǎide dìtú hěn hǎo. Nǐ          Ni mǎide dìtú yòu hǎo yòu piányi.
    mǎide dìtú hěn piányi.

    他住的飯店很好。他住的飯店很大。          他住的飯店又好又大。
3.  Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn hǎo. Tā       Tā zhùde fàndiàn yòu hǎo yòu dà.
    zhùde fàndiàn hěn dà.

    那般飛機很快。那般飛機很便宜。            那般飛機又快又便宜。
4.  Nèibān fēijī hěn kuài. Nèibān      Nèibān fēijī yòu kuài yòu piányi.
    fēijī hěn piányi.

    坐火車去很好。坐火車去很方便。            坐火車去又好又方便。
5.  Zuò huǒchē qù hěn hǎo. Zuò         Zuò huǒchē qù yòu hǎo yòu fāngbian.
    huǒchē qù hěn fāngbian.

    這個飯館子很近。這個飯館子很便宜。         這個飯館子又近又便宜。
6.  Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn jìn.           Zhège fànguǎnzi yòu jìn yòu piányi.
    Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn piányi.

    他買的地毯很便宜。他買的地毯很很好。       他買的地毯又便宜又好。
7.  Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn piányi. Tā      Tā mǎide dìtǎn yòu piányi yòu hǎo.
    mǎide dìtǎn hěn hǎo.


H.  Expansion Drill

             這兒的肉非常好。                  這的肉非常好，別的地方吃不着。
1.  Speaker: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng       You: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng hǎo, biéde
             hǎo.                           dìfang chībuzháo.
                                            (The meat here is exceptionally
                   吃                         good. You can’t find anything
             (cue) chī                       like it anywhere else.)
             (The meat here is
              exceptionally good.)

    那兒的菜非常好。                       那兒的菜非常好，別的地方買不着。
2.  Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo.            Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang
                                       mǎibuzháo.
    買
    mǎi

    那兒的糖非常好。                       那兒的糖非常好，別的地方買不着。
3.  Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo.           Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo, biéde
                                       dìfang mǎibuzháo.
    買
    mǎi

    這兒的電影非常好。                     這兒的電影非常好，別的地方看不着。
4.  Zhèrde diànyíng fēicháng hǎo.      Zhèrde diànyǐng fēicháng hǎo, biéde
                                       dìfang kànbuzháo.
    看
    kàn

    這兒的書非常好。                       這兒的書非常好，別的地方看不着。
5.  Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō.           Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō, biéde
                                       dìfang kànbuzháo.
    看
    kàn

[240]

    那兒的電視非常好。                     那兒的電視非常好，別的地方買不着。
6.  Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo.        Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo, biéde
                                       dìfang mǎibuzháo.
    買
    mǎi

    那兒的菜非常好。                       那兒的菜非常好，別的地方吃不着。
7.  Narde cài fēicháng hǎo.            Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde
                                       dìfang chībuzháo.
    吃
    chi


Drying rice in front of a temple in central Táiwān


[241]

UNIT 7

REFERENCE LIST

(in Taipei)

       喂
1.  B: Wèi.                            Hello.

       張先生嗎？
    A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma?             Is this Mr. Zhāng?

       是的。您是不是白女士？
2.  B: Shìde. Nín shì bu shi Bái       Yes. Is this Miss White?
       Nǚshì?

       是。張先生，我有一件事想跟你打聽打聽。
    A: Shì. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ        Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something
       yǒu yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn        I would like to ask you about.
       nín dǎting dǎting.

       什麽事？
3.  B: Shénme shì?                     What is it?

       聽説您那邊新來了方先生，是剛派來的；
       他的名字我忘記了。
    A: Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn         I have heard that you recently had
       láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng,     a Mr. Fāng join you, who has just
       shi gāng pàilaide;              been assigned to your office. I
       tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.       have forgotten his given name.

       不錯，方德銘是上個禮拜派到我們這裏來的。
4.  B: Bú cuò, Fāng Démíng shi         That’s right. Fāng Démíng was sent
       shàngge lǐbài pài dào           over here last week.
       wǒmen zhèli láide.

       怎麽？你認識他嗎。
    B: Zěnme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma?         Why? Do you know him?

       不認識。
5.  A: Bú rènshi.                      I don’t know him.

       不過聽説他也是加州大學畢業的，
       所以想請你給我介紹介紹。
    A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi        However, I have heard that he also
       Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède,           graduated from the University
       suǒyi xiǎng qǐng ni gěi         of California, so I wanted to ask
       wo jièshao jièshao.             you to introduce me to him.

       沒問題。我看看...好，我們現在都有功夫。
6.  B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan...         No problem. I’ll take a look....
       hǎo, wǒmen xiànzài dōu          Okay, we are both free now.
       yǒu gōngfu.

       你現在竜來嗎？
    B: Nǐ xiànzài néng lái ma?         Can you come now?

       行。
7.  A: Xíng.                           That will be fine.

       我馬上到您辦公室來。
    A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì   I’ll come to your office right away.
       lái.

       差不多半個鐘頭就到。
    A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu         I’ll be there in about half an hour.
       jiù dào.


[242]

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

8.  jìde                  記得          to remember

9.  rènde                 認得          to recognize, to know (alternate
                                       word for rènshi)

10. rènshi zì             認識字        to know how to read (literally, “to
                                       recognize characters”)

11. wàng                  忘            to forget (alternate word for wàngji,
                                       especially in the sense of
                                       forgetting to DO something)

12. wánquán               完全          completely


13. xiǎngqilai            想起來        to think of, to remember


14. zuǒyòu                左右          approximately


[243]


VOCABULARY

bìyè                      畢業           to graduate
bú cuò                    不錯           not bad, pretty good; that’s right

chàbuduō                  差不多         almost, about, approximately

dǎting                    大廳           to inquire about, to ask about

jìde                      記得           to remember

mǎshàng                   馬上           immediately
méi wèntí                 沒問題         (there’s) no problem

pài dào                   派到           to send to
pàilai                    派來           to send here

rènde                     認得           to recognize, to know
rènshi                    認識           to recognize, to know
rènshi zì                 認識字         to know how to read (literally,
                                          “to recognize characters”)

tīngshuō                  聽説           to hear that

wàng                      忘            to forget
wàngji                    忘記           to forget
wánquán                   完全           completely
wèntí                     問題           problem, question

xiǎngqilai                想起來         to think of, to remember

zuǒyōu                    左右           approximately


(introduced on C-2 tape)

cōngming                  聰明           to be intelligent
duōde duō                 多得多          much more
kěnéng                    可能           maybe
Shìjiè Yínháng            世界銀行        World Bank
xiū jià                   休假           to take a vacation
yánjiuyuàn                研究院          graduate school
yàobushi...jiù shi...     要不是..就是..  if it’s not...then it will be...
yònggōng                  用工           to be hardworking
yuèchū                    月初           the beginning of the month
yuèdǐ                     月底           the end of the month


[244]

REFERENCE NOTES

       喂
1.  B: Wèi.                            Hello.

       張先生嗎？
    A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma?             Is this Mr. Zhāng?

       是的。您是不是白女士？
2.  B: Shìde. Nín shì bu shi Bái       Yes. Is this Miss White?
       Nǚshì?

       是。張先生，我有一件事想跟你打聽打聽。
    A: Shì. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ        Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something
       yǒu yíjiàn shì xiǎng gēn        I would like to ask you about.
       nín dǎting dǎting.

Notes on Nos. 1-2

Gēn nín dǎting, “ask information from you”: Note that the prepositional
verb gēn is translated as “from.” Dǎting, “to inquire,” is less formal
than qǐngjiào and requests information rather than advice.

Objects of reduplicated verbs: Reduplicated verbs may be followed only
by DEFINITE objects. Indefinite objects of reduplicated verbs precede those
verbs. In the last sentence of exchange 2, the object of the reduplicated
verb dǎting dǎting is indefinite: yíjiàn shì, “a matter” Thus the object
is introduced in the clause wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shì which precedes the entire
verb phrase xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.

Reduplicating a verb makes it indefinite; adding an indefinite object might
cause confusion. The reduplicated verbs in the sentences below have definite
objects:

  我想跟您打聽打聽那件事。
  Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting       I would like to ask you about that.
  nèijiàn shì.

  我想跟您打聽打聽這件事。
  Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting       I would like to ask you about this.
  zhèijiàn shì.

  我想跟您打聽打聽他的事。
  Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting       I would like to ask you about his
  tāde shì.                            matter (about ask him)

  我想跟您打聽打聽你的那件事。
  Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting       I would like to ask you about that
  nǐde nèijiàn shì.                    matter of yours.


Simple verbs are used in the following sentences, which have indefinite
objects:

  我想跟您打聽一點事。
  Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting              I would like to ask you about something.
  yìdiǎn shì.

  我想跟您打聽很多事。
  Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting hěn          I would like to ask you about a lot of things.
  duō shì.

  我想跟您打聽幾件事。
  Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting              I would like to ask you about a few things.
  jǐjiàn shì.


[245]

       什麽事？
3.  B: Shénme shì?                     What is it?

       聽説您那邊新來了方先生，是剛派來的；
       他的名字我忘記了。
    A: Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn         I have heard that you recently had
       láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng,     a Mr. Fāng join you, who has just
       shi gāng pàilaide;              been assigned to your office. I
       tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.       have forgotten his given name.

Notes on No. 3

Tīngshuō corresponds to the English “I hear that....”

... láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, “there came a Mr. Fāng”: While “a” and
“the” are used in English to distinguish between indefinite and definite,
word order accomplishes the same distinction in Chinese. The subject “A
Mr. Fāng” is placed AFTER the verb because the subject is indefinite. With
an indefinite subject following the verb, information preceding the verb
may give location, time, or other scene-setting details.

  這兒新開了一個很好的飯館子。
  Zhèr xīn kāile yige hěn              A very good restaurant opened here
  hǎode fànguǎnzi.                     recently.

  昨天來了一些日本人。
  Zuótiān láile yìxiē Rìběn            Some Japanese came yesterday,
  rén.

  已經去了五百個人。
  Yǐjīng qùle wǔbǎige rén.             Five hundred people have already
                                       gone there.

Verbs of appearing and verbs of disappearing (“to come,” “to discover,”
“to happen/occur”) introduce indefinite subjects, as do the words you
and yǒude.

  外邊有幾個人找你。
  Wàibian yǒu jige rén zhǎo nǐ.        There are some people outside who
                                       want to see you.
  有的人不喜歡喝茶。
  Yǒude rén bù xǐhuan hē chá.          Some people don’t like to drink tea.

Some situations may be described with either you or another verb.

  昨天有一個人來找你。
  Zuótiān yǒu yige rén lái             Yesterday there was someone here
  zhǎo nǐ.                             looking for you.

  昨天來了一個人要找你當面談談。
  Zuótiān láile yige rén yào           Yesterday someone was here who was
  zhǎo nǐ dāngmiàn tántan.             looking for you to talk with you
                                       in person.

Subjects occurring at the end of a sentence are indefinite, whether or not
they are accompanied by yíge. Subjects preceding the verb in a sentence
are definite, whether or not they are accompanied by zhèige, nèige, zhèixiē,
nèixiē, or other specifying words.


  Lái rén le.             來人了。       Some people have come.


  Rén lái le.             人來了。       The people have come, (i.e., those
                                       whom we were expecting)

[246]

Míngzi means “name”—of an object, a place, or a person (GIVEN NAME).
Occasionally, míngzi is used for a person’s full name (surname and given
name). This usage is more common in the PRC.

Wàngji is a verb meaning “to forget”—used especially in reference to
forgetting facts. Wàng, “to forget,” is more commonly used for forgetting
to do something. The verb jìde means “to remember.”


       不錯，方德銘是上個禮拜派到我們這裏來的。
4.  B: Bú cuò, Fāng Démíng shi         That’s right. Fāng Démíng was sent
       shàngge lǐbài pài dào           over here last week.
       wǒmen zhèli láide.

       怎麽？你認識他嗎。
    B: Zěnme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma?         Why? Do you know him?

Notes on No. 4

Bú cuò means “not bad” in the sense of pretty good,” “pretty well,”
“all right.”

  Nǐ zěnmeyàng?           你怎麽樣？     How are things going?

  Bú cuò.                 不錯          Not bad.

In the first sentence of No. 4, bú cuò means “that’s right, your information
is not wrong.”

  李先生，你剛從香港回來，是嗎？
  Lǐ Xiānsheng, ni gāng cóng           Mr. Li, you just got back from Hong
  Xiānggǎng huílai, shì ma?            Kong, didn’t you?

  不錯，我是昨天回來的。
  Bú cuò, wǒ shi zuótiān               That’s right. I got back yesterday.
  huílaide.

Here are more examples of bú cuò:

  那個飯館子菜真不錯。
  Nèige fànguǎnzide cài zhēn           That restaurant really has pretty
  bú cuò.                              good food.

  他説中國話，説得不錯。
  Tā shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde         He speaks Chinese pretty well.
  bú cuò.

In the first example, notice that an adverb precedes bú cuò: zhēn bú cuò

[247]

Pài dào...lái is a three-part verb: action verb (also expressing MOTION),
prepositional verb (must take an object), and directional verb (lái, qù)

  ACTION   PREPOSITIONAL               DIRECTIONAL
   VERB        VERB        OBJECT         VERB

  跑        到              山上         去
  pǎo      dào             shānshang   qù             “to run up on
                                                       the hill”

  搬        到              這兒         來
  bān      dào             zhèr        lái            “to move it
                                                        into here”

  拿        到              學校         去
  ná       dào             xuéxiào     qù             “to take it to
                                                       school”

  走        到              後邊兒       來
  zǒu      dào             hòubianr    lái            “to walk to
                                                       the back”

Zěnme, “why,” “how come,” “how is it that...,”* is a more colloquial and
challenging word for “why” than wèishénme. Only a reason or an explanation is
requested by wèishénme. Zěnme expresses more, emphasizing the speaker’s
surprise or lack of understanding.

*You have already learned that zènme can mean “how.”

  你們的辦公室怎麽這麽小？
  Nǐmende bàngōngshì zěnme             How is it that your office is so
  zhème xiǎo?                          small?

  他父母都說中國話，他怎麽不會説。
  Tā fùmǔ dōu shuō Zhōngguo            Both his parents speak Chinese.
  huà, tā zěnme bú huì                 How is it that he can’t?
  shuō?

  這麽要緊的事，我怎麽忘了做了？
  Zhème yàojǐnde shì, wǒ               How could I have forgotten to do
  zěnme wàngle zuò le?                 such an important thing?

  你怎麽不念書呢？
  Nǐ zěnme bú niàn shū ne?             How come you’re not studying?

  你怎麽不説話？有什麽不高興的事嗎？
  Nǐ zěnme bù shuō huà? Yǒu            How come you’re not saying anything?
  shénme bù gāoxìngde shì ma?          Is there something you are unhappy
                                       about?

The meaning of zěnme is sometimes affected by the aspect marker used:

  你怎麽來了？
  Nǐ zěnme lái le?                     How come you are here? (i.e.,
                                       “What are you doing here?”)

  你(是)怎麽來的？
  Nǐ (shi) zěnme láide?                How did you get here? (i.e., by
                                       what means of transportation)

[248]

Rènshi the state verb means “to know” in the sense of “to be acquainted
with,” “to be familiar with,” “to recognize.” As an action verb, rènshi
means “to meet,” “to get acquainted with.”

(STATE VERB)

  你認識張國權嗎？
  Nǐ rènshi Zhāng Guóquán ma?          Do you know Zhāng Guóquán?

  你認識他嗎？
  Nǐ rènshi ta ma?                     Do you know him?

  我們不太認識。
  Wǒmen bú tài rènshi.                 We are not too well acquainted.

  我們去年還不認識。
  Wǒmen qùnián hái bú rènshi.          We did not know each other yet last
                                       year.

(ACTION VERB)

  我在美國的時候，認識了很多美國年輕人。
  Wǒ zài Měiguode shíhou,              When I was in America, I met a lot
  rènshile hěn duō Měiguo              of young Americans.
  niánqīng rén.*

*niánqīng, “to be young”

  我是前年認識他的。
  Wǒ shi qiánnián                      I met him the year before last.
  rènshi tade.

  那個時候我們還沒認識。
  Nèige shíhou wǒmen hái méi           At that time we had not yet met.
  rènshi.

  他是一個很好的人，你應該認識認識。
  Tā shi yíge hěn hǎode rén,           He is a very good person; you should
  nǐ yīnggāi rènshi renshi.**          get to know him.

**yīnggāi, “should”

As a state verb, rènshi is used for “knowing” or “recognizing” Chinese
characters.

  你認識多少個中國字？
  Nǐ rènshi duōshǎoge Zhōngguo         How many Chinese characters do you
  zì?                                  know/recognize?

  你認識這個字嗎？
  Nǐ rènshi zhèige zì ma?              Do you recognize this character?

Contrast the meanings of rènshi and zhīdao: rènshi, “to know” a person;
zhīdao, “to know of” a person

  你認識唐小姐嗎？
  Nǐ rènshi Táng Xiǎojiě ma?           Do you know Miss Táng?

  我知道她，但是我們沒見過。
  Wǒ zhīdao ta, dànshi wǒmen           I know of her, but we haven’t met.
  méi jiànguo.

When a place is being discussed, rènshi means “to know how to get [there].”
Zhīdao continues to mean “to know of [a place].”

  你認識那個電影院嗎？
  Nǐ rènshi nèige diànyǐngyuàn         Do you know how to get to that movie
  ma?                                  theater?

  你知道那個電影院？
  Nǐ zhīdao nèige diànyǐngyuàn         Do you know of that movie theater?
  ma?

[249]


       不認識。
5.  A: Bú rènshi.                      I don’t know him.

       不過聽説他也是加州大學畢業的，
       所以想請你給我介紹介紹。
    A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi        However, I have heard that he also
       Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède,           graduated from the University
       suǒyi xiǎng qǐng ni gěi         of California, so I wanted to ask
       wo jièshao jièshao.             you to introduce me to him.

Note on No. 5

Shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, “graduated from the University of California”:
The name of a school or a word describing the type of school may stand
in front of the verb bìyè with no preceding prepositional verb, such as
cóng, “from.”

  你兒子已經大學/中學/小學畢業了嗎？
  Nǐ érzi yǐjīng dàxué/zhōngxué/       Has your son graduated from college/
  iǎoxué bìyè le ma?                   high school/elementary school
                                       already?
  他大學還沒畢業呢。
  Tā dàxué hai méi bìyè ne.            He has not graduated from college yet.

  他是臺灣大學畢業的。
  Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède.          He graduated from Táiwān University.

Bìyè may also be preceded by either zài, “at,” or cóng, “from.”

  你是在哪個中學畢業的？
  Nǐ shi zài něige zhōngxué            What high school did you graduate
  bìyède?                              from?

  我去年從德州大學畢業了。
  Wǒ qùniān cóng Dézhōu Dàxué          I graduated last year from the
  bìyè le.                             University of Texas.

  我是七八年從北京大學畢業的。
  Wǒ shi qībānián cóng Běijīng         I graduated from Běijīng University
  Dàxué bìyède.                        in ’78.

Bìyè, meaning “to complete a course of study,” is a compound made up of a
verb plus a general object. For this reason, the object yè may be separated
from the verb bì. This separation occurs most frequently in sentences
containing the shì... de construction.

  他是一九七六年畢業的。
  Tā shi yījiǔqīliùnián bìde yè.       He graduated in 1976.


       沒問題。我看看...好，我們現在都有功夫。
6.  B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan...         No problem. I’ll take a look....
       hǎo, wǒmen xiànzài dōu          Okay, we are both free now.
       yǒu gōngfu.

       你現在竜來嗎？
    B: Nǐ xiànzài néng lái ma?         Can you come now?

Note on No. 6

The noun wèntí can mean “question,” “problem,” or “difficulty.”

  他問了好多問題。
  Tā wènle hǎoduō wèntí.               He asked a lot of questions.


[250]

  那是一個很大的問題。
  Nà shi yige hěn dàde wèntí.          That’s a big problem.

Ní yǒu wèntí ma? could mean either “Do you have any questions?” or “Are you
having any problems?”


       行。
7.  A: Xíng.                           That will be fine.

       我馬上到您辦公室來。
    A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì   I’ll come to your office right away.
       lái.

       差不多半個鐘頭就到。
    A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu         I’ll be there in about half an hour.
       jiù dào.

Notes on No. 7

The adverb mǎshàng (literally, “on horseback”) means “immediately,”
“right away.”

Chàbuduō may be translated fairly literally as “does not differ much.”
Other translations are “about,” “approximately,” “almost.”

  差不多八點了。
  Chàbuduō bādiǎn le.                  It is nearly eight o’clock.

  這本書我差不多看完了。
  Zhèběn shū wǒ chàbuduō kànwán le.    I have almost finished reading this
                                       book.
  他們差不多八點鐘來。
  Tāmen chàbuduō bādiǎn zhōng lái.     They are coming at around eight o’clock.

  那個學校有差不多三百個學生。
  Nàge xuéxiào yǒu chàbuduō            That school has approximately three
  sānbǎige xuésheng.                   hundred students.

 8.  jìde                 記得          to remember
 9.  rènde                認得          to recognize, to know (alternate word
                                       for rènshi)

10.  rènshi zì            認識字        to know how to read (literally, “to
                                       recognize characters”)

11.  wàng                 忘            to forget (alternate word for wàngji,
                                        especially in the sense of forgetting
                                        to DO something)

12.  wánquán              完全          completely
13.  xiángqilai           想起來        to think of, to remember
14.  zuǒyòu               左右          approximately

[251]

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

The verb jìde, “to remember,” acts like a state verb.

  你記得王小明嗎？
  Nǐ jìde Wáng Xiǎo Ming ma?           Do you remember Wáng Xiǎo Ming?

  記得。他是我愛人大學的同學。
  Jìde. Tā shi wǒ àiren                I remember (him). He is my spouse’s
  dàxuéde tóngxué.                     college classmate.

  我昨天不記得他姓什麽。今天又想起來了。
  Wǒ zuótiān bú jìde tā xìng           Yesterday I couldn’t remember what
  shénme. Jīntiān yòu                  his name is. Today I remembered
  xiǎngqilai le.                       it (again).

Rènde, “to recognize,” “to know,” is usually interchangeable with rènshi.
Both rènshi and rènde are most often made negative with bù.

  你認得他媽？
  Nǐ rènde ta ma?                      Do you know him?

  不認得。
  Bú rènde.                            No.

  他路也不認得。
  Tā lù yě bú rènde.                   He doesn’t even know the way.

  我們去年還不認得。
  Wǒmen qùnián hái bú rènde.           We did not know each other last year.

Wàng, “to forget,” is an action verb.

  我很容易把人名字忘了。
  Wǒ hěn róngyi bǎ rén míngzi          I forget people’s names very easily,
  wàng le.

  你們都把車票拿來了嗎？
  Nǐmen dōu bǎ chēpiào nálai           Did all of you bring your bus tickets?
  le ma?

  我忘了。
  Wǒ wàng le.                          I forgot (mine).

  我沒忘。
  Wǒ méi wàng.                         I didn’t forget.

Wánquán, “completely,” is an adverb used to modify verbs.

  他寫的字完全對。
  Tā xiěde zì wánquán duì.             The character he wrote is completely
                                       right.

  他完全不懂。
  Tā wánquán bù dǒng.                  He doesn’t understand any part of
                                       this.
  我完全不知道這件事。
  Wǒ wánquán bù zhīdào zhèijiàn        I don’t know anything about this
  shì.                                 matter.

Xiǎngqilai, “to think of,” “to remember,” is a compound verb of result.
It is made up of xiǎng, “to think”; qǐ “to rise”; and lái, “to come."*
As an ending showing result, -qǐlái may have either its literal meaning of
“to come up” or more abstract meanings such as “to come to mind.”**

*Xiǎngqilai is actually pronounced xiángqilai. The ending -qīlái is in the
neutral tone; because qǐ was originally in the third tone, xiǎng changes
to the rising tone.

**English prepositions, such as “up,” are also used both literally and
abstractly: “look up the wall” (an upward motion) and “look up the phone
number” (no motion indicated by “up”)

[252]

  請把椅子辦起來。
  Qǐng bǎ yǐzi bānqilai.               Please lift up the chair.

  請你們站起來。
  Qǐng nǐmen zhànqilai.                Please stand up.

  那個字我想起來了。
  Nèige zì wǒ xiǎngqilai le.           I remember that character.


Zuǒyòu (literally, “left-right”) means “approximately,” “about.”

  我五點左右來接你。
  Wǒ wǔdiǎn zuǒyòu lái jiē ni.         I will come to get you about five
                                       o’clock.

  你去買點兒蘋果，好不好？
  Nǐ qù mǎi diǎnr píngguǒ, hǎo         How about going to buy some apples?
  bu hǎo?

  要多少？
  Yào duōshǎo?                         How many do you want?

  三斤左右就夠了。
  Sānjīn zuǒyòu jiù gòu le.            About three catties should be enough.


[253]

DRILLS

A. Transformation Drill

1.
         我有一件事想跟您打聽打聽。              我想跟您打聽一件事。
Speaker: Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shì             You: Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting yíjiàn
         xiǎng gēn nín dǎting               shì.
         dǎting.
         (I have something I                (I would like to ask you
          would like to ask you              something. )
          about.)

         那件事，我想跟您打聽打聽。               我想跟您打聽打聽那件事。
  OR     Nèijiàn shì, wǒ xiǎng              Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting
         gēn nín dǎting dǎting.             nèijiàn shì.
         (I would like to ask               (I would like to ask you about
          you about that matter.             that matter.)

    我有很多事想跟您打聽打聽。              我想跟您打聽很多事。
2.  Wǒ yǒu hěn duō shì xiǎng gēn       Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting hěn duō shì.
    nín dǎting dǎting.

    這件事，我想跟您打聽打聽。               我想跟您打聽打聽這件事。
3.  Zhèijiàn shì, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín     Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting
    dǎting dǎting.                     zhèijiàn shì.

    他的事，我想跟您打聽打聽。               我想跟您打聽打聽他的事。
4.  Tāde shì, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín         Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting tāde
    dǎting dǎting.                     shì.

    我有一件事想跟您打聽打聽。              我想跟您打聽一件事。
5.  Wǒ yǒu jǐjiàn shì xiǎng gēn nín    Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting jǐjiàn shì.
    dǎting dǎting.

    你的那件事，我想跟您打聽打聽。            我想跟您打聽打聽你的那件事。
6.  Nǐde nèijiàn shì, wǒ xiǎng gēn     Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nǐde
    nín dǎting dǎting.                 nèijiàn shì.



B. Expansion Drill

             他的名字我忘了。                   他的名字我忘了，你還記得嗎？
1.  Speaker: Tāde míngzi wǒ wàng       You: Tāde míngzi wǒ wàng le, nǐ hái
             le.                            jìde ma?
             (I have forgotten his          (I have forgotten his given
              given name.)                   name. Do you remember it?)

    他的地址我忘記了。                     他的地址我忘記了，你還記得嗎？
2.  Tāde dìzhí wǒ wàngji le.           Tāde dìzhí wǒ wàngji le, nǐ hái
                                       jìde ma?

    他什麽時候來我忘了。                   他什麽時候來我忘了，你還記得嗎？
3.  Tā shénme shíhou lái wǒ wàng       Tā shénme shíhou lái wǒ wàng le, nī
    le.                                hái jìde ma?

    内板飛機幾點鐘到我忘記了。               内板飛機幾點鐘到我忘記了，你還記得嗎？
4.  Nèibān fēijī jǐdiǎn zhōng dào      Nèibān fēijī jǐdiǎn zhōng dào wǒ
    wǒ wàngji le.                      wàngji le, nǐ hái jìde ma?

    他是哪年到中國去的我忘了。              他是哪年到中國去的我忘了，你還記得嗎？
5.  Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo        Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo qùde
    qùde wǒ wàng le.                   wǒ wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?

    我們在哪裏換車我忘記了。                我們在哪裏換車我忘記了，你還記得嗎？
6.  Wǒmen zài náli huàn chē wǒ         Wǒmen zài náli huàn chē wǒ wàngji
    wàngji le.                         le, ni hái jìde ma?

    銀行幾點鐘關門我忘了。                  銀行幾點鐘關門我忘了，你還記得嗎？
7.  Yínháng jǐdiǎn zhōng guān mén      Yínháng jǐdiǎn zhōng guān mén wǒ
    wǒ wàng le.                        wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?


C. Expansion Drill

             聽説他是剛派來的。                 聽説他是剛派到這裏來的。
1.  Speaker: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng      You: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào
             pàilaide.                      zhèli láide.
                                            (I have heard he was Just sent
                   這裏                       over here.)
             (cue) zhèli
             (I have heard he was
              just sent over.)

    聽説他是剛派去的。                     聽説他是剛派到那裏去的。
2.  Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude.      Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào nàli
                                       qùde.
    那裏
    nàli

    聽説李先生是剛派來的。                  聽説李先生是剛派派臺北的。
3.  Tīngshuō Lǐ Xiānsheng shi gāng     Tīngshuō Lǐ Xiānsheng shi gāng pài
    pàilaide.                          dào Táiběi láide.

    臺北
    Táiběi

    聽説王小姐是剛派去的。                  聽説王小姐是剛派到臺南去的。
4.  Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng     Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pài
    pàiqude.                           dào Táinán qùde.

    臺南
    Táinán

    聽説他哥哥是剛派來的。                  聽説他哥哥是剛派到臺中來的。
5.  Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng          Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pài dào
    pàilaide.                          Táizhōng láide.

    臺中
    Táizhōng

    聽説他是剛派去的。                     聽説他是剛派到高雄去的。
6.  Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude.      Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào
                                       Gāoxiōng qùde.
    高雄
    Gāoxióng

    聽説您是剛派來的。                     聽説您是剛派到這裏來的。
7.  Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pàilaide.    Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pài dào zhèli
                                       láide.
    這裏
    zhèli


[255]

D. Expansion Drill

             他是加州大學畢業的。               他是一九四五年加州大學畢業的。
1.  Speaker: Tā shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué      You: Tā shi yījiǔsìwǔnián Jiāzhōu
             bìyède.                        Dàxué bìyède.
                                            (In 1945 he graduated from the
                                             University of California.)
                   一九四五年
             (cue) yījiusìwǔnián
             (He graduated from the
              University of
              California.)

    他是臺灣大學畢業的。                   他是一九五六年臺灣大學畢業的。
2.  Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède.        Tā shi yījiǔwǔliùnián Tǎiwān Dàxué
                                       bìyède.
    一九五六年
    yījiǔwǔliùnián

    他是麻州大學畢業的。                   他是一九六七年麻州大學畢業的。
3.  Tā shi Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède.        Tā shi yījiǔliùqīnián Mázhōu Dàxué
                                       bìyède.
    一九六七年
    yījiǔliùqīnián

    他是德州大學畢業的。                   他是一九六二年德州大學畢業的。
4.  Tā shi Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède.        Tā shi yījiǔliùèrnián Dézhōu Dàxué
                                       bìyède.
    一九六二年
    yījiǔliùèrnián

    他是北京大學畢業的。                   他是一九四七年北京大學畢業的。
5.  Tā shi Běijīng Dàxué bìyède.       Tā shi yījiǔsìqīnián Běijīng Dàxué
                                       bìyède.
    一九四七年
    yījiǔsìqīnián

    他是東北大學畢業的。                   他是一九三零年東北大學畢業的。
6.  Tā shi Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède.       Tā shi yījiǔsānlíngnián Dōngběi
                                       Dàxué bìyède.
    一九三零年
    yījiǔsānlíngniān

    他是南京大學畢業的。                   他是一九三七年南京大學畢業的。
7.  Tā shi Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède.       Tā shi yījiǔsānqīnián Nánjīng Dàxué
                                       bìyède.
    一九三七年
    yījiǔsānqīnián


E.  Expansion Drill

             我看見過這個字。                   我看見過這個字，可是我不認識這個字。
1.  Speaker: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige      You: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige zì, kěshi
             zì.                            wǒ bú rènshi zhèige zì.
             (I have seen this              (I have seen this character
              character before.)             before, but I don’t recognize
                                             it.)

        OR   Wǒ zhīdao tā shi shéi.         Wǒ zhīdao tā shi shéi, kěshi wǒ
             (I know who he is.)            bú rènshi ta.
                                            (I know who he is, but I’m not
                                             acquainted with him.)

    我看見過張小姐。                       我看見過張小姐，可是我不認識張小姐。
2.  Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě.       Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě, kěshi
                                       wǒ bú rènshi Zhāng Xiǎojiě.

    我去過那個地方。                       我去過那個地方，可是我不認識那個地方。
3.  Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang.             Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang, kěshi wǒ bú
                                       rènshi nèige dìfang.

    我知道他是李科長。                     我知道他是李科長，可是我不認識李科長。
4.  Wǒ zhīdao tā shi Lǐ Kēzhǎng.       Wǒ zhīdao tā shi Lí Kēzhǎng, kěshi
                                       wǒ bú rènshi Lǐ Kēzhǎng.

[256]

    我看見過。                            我看見過，可是我不認識。
5.  Wǒ kànjianguo.                     Wǒ kànjianguo, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi.


    我知道他是王小姐的哥哥。                我知道他是王小姐的哥哥，可是我不認識他。
6.  Wǒ zhīdào tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde    Wǒ zhidao tā shi Wáng Xiaojiéde gēge,
    gēge.                              kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta.


F.  Transformation Drill

             差不多半個鐘頭就到。               半個鐘頭左右就到。
1.  Speaker: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu   You: Bànge zhōngtóu zuǒyòu jiù dào
             jiù dào.                      (I’ll be there in about half
             (I’ll be there in              an hour.)
              about half an hour.)

    差不多要一個鐘頭。                     要一個鐘頭左右。
2.  Chàbuduō yào yige zhōngtóu.        Yào yige zhōngtōu zuǒyòu.

    他住了差不多三天。                     他住了三天左右。
3.  Tā zhùle chàbuduō sāntiān.         Tā zhùle sāntiān zuǒyòu.

    他差不多五十嵗了。                     他五十嵗左右了。
4.  Tā chàbuduō wǔshísuì le.           Tā wǔshísuì zuǒyòu le.

    那本書差不多要十塊錢。                  那本書要十塊錢左右。
5.  Nèiběn shū chàbuduō yào shíkuài    Nèiběn shū yào shíkuài qián zuǒyòu.
    qián.

    差不多要走四十五分鐘。                  要走四十五分鐘左右。
6.  Chàbuduō yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn        Yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn zhōng zuǒyòu.
    zhōng.

    差不多三個星期。                       三個星期左右。
7.  Chàbuduō sānge xīngqī.             Sānge xīngqī zuǒyòu.


[257]

G.  Response Drill

             你現在來嗎？                     我馬上來。
1.  Speaker: Nǐ xiànzài lái ma?        You: Wǒ mǎshàng lái.
                                            (I’m coming right away.)
                   馬上
             (cue) mǎshàng
             (Are you coming now?)

    他八點鐘來嗎。                        差不多八點鐘來。
2.  Tā bādiǎn zhōng lái ma?            Tā chàbuduō bādiǎn zhōng lái.

    差不多
    chàbuduō

    他十點鐘去嗎？                        他十點鐘左右去。
3.  Tā shídiǎn zhōng qù ma?            Tā shídiǎn zhōng zuǒyòu qù.

    左右
    zuǒyòu

    你們現在走嗎？                        我們馬上走。
4.  Nǐmen xiànzài zǒu ma?              Wǒmen mǎshàng zǒu.

    馬上
    mǎshàng

    他們八號去嗎？                        他們左右八號去。
5.  Tāmen báhào qù ma?                 Tāmen báhào zuǒyòu qù.

    左右
    zuǒyòu

    他們九點鐘來嗎。                       他們差不多九點鐘來。
6.  Tāmen jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái ma?        Tāmen chàbuduō jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái。

    差不多
    chàbuduō

    你十號在紐約嗎？                      我十號左右在紐約。
7.  Nǐ shíhào zài Niǔ Yuē ma?          Wǒ shíhào zuǒyòu zài Niù Yuē.

    左右
    zuǒyòu


[258]

UNIT 8

REFERENCE LIST

       喂，這是禮賓司。
1.  B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī.          Hello. This is the Protocol
                                       Department.
       喂，我是萊登大使的秘書。
    A: Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshǐde     Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s
       mìshū.                          secretary.

       大使接著你們的請帖了。
2.  A: Dàshǐ jiēzháo nǐmende           The ambassador received your
       qǐngtiě le.                     invitation.

       很可惜因爲他有事，八月九號不能來。
3   A: Hěn kěxī, yīnwei tā yǒu         Unfortunately, because he has a
       shì, Báyuè jiǔ hào bù           previous engagement, he cannot
       néng lái.                       come on August 9.

       請你轉告譙部長.
    A: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng.  Please inform Minister Qiáo.

       很抱歉。
    A: Hěn bàoqiàn.                    I’m very sorry.

       很遺憾，萊登大使不能來。
4.  B: Hěn yíhàn, Láidēng Dàshǐ        We very much regret that Ambassador
       bù néng lái.                    Leyden cannot come.

       我替你轉告一下。
    B: Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.        I will pass on the message for you.

       馬明理我們有幾個同學星期六計劃到
       長城去玩兒。
5.  A: Mǎ Mínglí, wǒmen yǒu jige       Mǎ Mínglī, a few of us students are
       tóngxué Xīngqīliù jìhua         planning to go to the Great Wall
       dào Chángchéng qù wánr.         Saturday for an outing.

       你們能不能一起去？
    A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqǐ         Can you go with us?
       qù?

       真不巧。
6.  B: Zhēn bù qiǎo.                   We really couldn’t make that.

       那天我們有事，沒辦法去。
    B: Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì,          We have a previous engagement that
       méi bànfa qù.                   day; we have no way of going.

       希望以後在找機會聚一聚吧。
7.  A: Xīwang yǐhòu zài zhǎo           I hope that late we will find an
       jīhui jùyijù ba.                other opportunity to get together.

       好啊。
    B: Hǎo a.                          Okay.


ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY
(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

8.  dàjiā                 大家          everybody, everyone

9.  jiēdào                接到          to receive (alternate form of
                                       jiēzháo)

10. tóngshì               同事          fellow worker, colleague

11. yīnggāi               應該          should, ought to, must


[259]

VOCABULARY

bànfa                     辦法          method, way
bàoqiàn                   抱歉          to be sorry
bùzhǎng                   部長          minister (of a government
                                        organization)

Chángchéng                長城          the Great Wall
dàjiā                     大家          everybody, everyone
jiē                       姐            to receive (mail, messages, guests,
                                         phone calls)
jiēdào                    接到          to receive
jù                        聚            to assemble
jùyijù                    聚一聚        to get together
kěxī                      可惜          unfortunately, what a pity
Lǐbīnsī                   禮賓司        Protocol Department (PRC)
méi bànfa                 沒辦法        there’s no way out, it can’t
                                        be helped
mìshū                     秘書          secretary, executive assistant
qiǎo                      巧            to be timely, to be opportune
qǐngtiě (qìngtiē)         請帖          written invitation
tì                        替            substituting for, in place of
tóngshì                   同事          fellow worker, colleague
tóngxué                   同學          classmate
yíhàn                     遺憾          to regret (that something desirable
                                       will not happen)
yīnggāi                   應該          should, ought to, must
zhuǎngào                  轉告          to pass on a message, to inform


(introduced on C-2 tape)

cānjiā                    參加          to participate in, to join, to attend
dào xǐ                    道喜          to congratulate
dìèrtiān                  第二天        the next day
jīngjibù                  經濟部        Ministry of Economics
jūnshì yǎnxí              軍事演習      military maneuvers
láodòng mófàn             勞動模範       model worker

nánbù                     南部          the southern part (of the island),
                                        the south
shàngxiào                 上校          colonel
tīngdechūlái              聼得出來       to be able to recognize what
                                         something is from the sound
tóngxuéhuì                同學會        alumni association (literally,
                                        “fellow-student group”)
tōngzhī                   同志          (written) announcement, notification
xièxie tāde yāoqǐng       謝謝他的邀請    to thank him for his invitation
zhèngzhi xuéxí            政治學習       political study session
zhǔchí jiéhūn             主持結婚       to preside at a marriage ceremony
                                         (i.e., to give the bride away)
zǒng jīnglǐ               總經理        general manager (chief executive
                                        officer)

(introduced, in Communication Game)

dàngāo                    蛋糕          cake
qìsi                      起司          cheese


[261]

REFERENCE NOTES

       喂，這是禮賓司。
1.  B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī.          Hello. This is the Protocol
                                       Department.
       喂，我是萊登大使的秘書。
    A: Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshǐde     Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s
       mìshū.                          secretary.

Notes on Ko. 1

Lǐbīnsī, meaning “protocol department,” is made up of lǐ, “ceremony”;
bīn, “honored guests”; and sī, “department.”

Mìshū means “secretary” in two senses: 1) a high-ranking official
2) a clerk-typist.


2.  A: Dàshǐ jiēzháo nǐmende           The ambassador received your
       qǐngtiě le.                     invitation.

Notes on No. 2

The verb jiē, “to receive,” may be used for receiving guests, mail,
messages, and phone calls.

Jiēzháo (jiēdao), “to receive,” is a compound verb of result. The endings
-zháo and -dào mean approximately the same thing: “to successfully obtain
something” Jiēzháo and jiēdao occur in four ways: with le or méi (describing
ACTUAL situations) and with -de- or -bu- (describing POTENTIAL situations)

  我昨天去火車站接他，可是沒接着/接到。
  Wǒ zuótiān qù huǒchēzhàn jiē         Yesterday I went to the train station
  ta, kěshi méi jiēzháo/jiēdào.        to get him, but I missed him.

  你早一點兒去接他，就接得着。
  Nǐ zǎo yìdiànr qù jiē ta,            If you go a little earlier, (then)
  jiù jiēdezháo/jiēdedào.              you can get him.

  明天要是來晚了就接不着/接不到他的電話。
  Míngtiān yàoshi láiwǎnle             If I am late tomorrow, (then) I won’t
  jiù jiēbuzháo/jiēbudào               (be able to) receive his phone call.
  tāde diànhuà.

Qingtiě refers to a written invitation. The word is also pronounced
qìngtiē.


       很可惜因爲他有事，八月九號不能來。
3   A: Hěn kěxī, yīnwei tā yǒu         Unfortunately, because he has a
       shì, Báyuè jiǔ hào bù           previous engagement, he cannot
       néng lái.                       come on August 9.

       請你轉告譙部長.
    A: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng.  Please inform Minister Qiáo.

       很抱歉。
    A: Hěn bàoqiàn.                    I’m very sorry.

Notes on No. 3

Kěxī may be used as an exclamation: Zhēn kěxī! “That’s really too bad!”

Zhuǎngào means “to pass along [word of something].” Zhuǎn literally
means “to turn” or “to transmit.” Gào means “to tell,” as in gàosu.

Bàoqiàn is an adjectival verb that means “to be sorry,” “to feel
apologetic” (e.g., for not fulfilling one’s social obligations). Literally,
bào means “to embrace [a feeling],” “to harbor [a feeling].” Qiàn means
“apologetic feelings,” “guilt feelings.”


       很遺憾，萊登大使不能來。
4.  B: Hěn yíhàn, Láidēng Dàshǐ        We very much regret that Ambassador
       bù néng lái.                    Leyden cannot come.

       我替你轉告一下。
    B: Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.        I will pass on the message for you.

Notes on No. 4

Yíhàn is a formal term used to express disappointment or regret that
something desirable will not happen.

Tì, “for,” “in place of,” is a prepositional verb meaning in place of
another, or in another’s stead.

  今天我替你教書。
  Jīntiān wǒ tì nǐ jiāo shū.           I will teach for you today, (i.e.,
                                       in your place)

  我替你去。
  Wǒ tì nǐ qù.                         I will go for you. (i.e., instead
                                       of you)

To make a sentence containing tì negative, place bù or méi in front of the
prepositional verb.

  我不要替你去買菜·
  Wǒ bú yào tì ni qù mǎi cài.          I don’t want to go to buy groceries
                                       for you.

  他沒替我來講話。
  Tā méi tì wǒ lái jiǎng huà.          He did not come to speak in my place.

Both gěi and tì may be translated as “for.” Gěi, having a wider range of
usage, would seem to overlap in some instances with tì. The more exact
meaning of tì may be used to clarify a situation.

[263]

  我給你買菜。
  Wǒ gěi ni mai cài.                   I will buy groceries for you.
                                       (WHO PAYS? DID you VOLUNTEER ONLY
                                        TO SHOP, OR TO PAY ALSO?)

  我替你買菜。
  Wǒ tì ni mǎi cài.                    I will buy groceries for you.
                                       (CLARIFIED: you HAVE VOLUNTEERED ONLY
                                       TO SHOP, NOT TO PAY.)

Yíxià, “a bit,” is not translated, in No. 4. This word, adds to the action
in the sentence a casual feeling, similar to the effect of reduplicating a
verb. (Notice that this use of yíxià is different from previous examples,
where the word meant “for a little while.”)


       馬明理我們有幾個同學星期六計劃到
       長城去玩兒。
5.  A: Mǎ Mínglí, wǒmen yǒu jige       Mǎ Mínglī, a few of us students are
       tóngxué Xīngqīliù jìhua         planning to go to the Great Wall
       dào Chángchéng qù wánr.         Saturday for an outing.

       你們能不能一起去？
    A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqǐ         Can you go with us?
       qù?

Notes on No. 5

Tongxué means “fellow student” or “graduate of the same institution.”
“Fellow worker” or “colleague” is tóngshì.

Chángchěng: Chang means “long,” and chéng is an old word for “city
wall.” The full name of the Great Wall is Wànlǐ Chángchěng, literally
“10,000 lǐ-long wall.”*

*One lǐ is approximately one third of a mile.

Néng, kéyi, and huì compared: All three of these auxiliary verbs—
and therefore state verbs—mean “can” to some extent.

The core meaning of néng is “can, “to be able to,” “to be capable of.”
In some cases, néng may also mean “may,” “to be permitted,” “could be/
is possible,” and “to know how to

  我的頭疼了，不能看書。
  Wǒde tóu téng, bù néng kàn           My head aches; I can’t read.
  shū.

  上課的時候，不能説話。
  Shàng kède shíhou, bù néng           Talking is not permitted during
  shuō huà.                            class.

  芝加哥十一月就能下雪。
  Zhījiāgē Shíyīyuè jiù néng           It can snow in November in Chicago.
  xià xuě.                             (POSSIBILITY)

  他真能説話。
  Tā zhēn néng shuō huà.               He really knows how to talk.

The core meaning of kéyi is “can,” “may,” “to be permitted to.” Kéyi may
also mean “could be/is possible.” The permission implied by kéyi may come
from an outside authority or may be self-imposed.

[264]

  你可以走了。
  Nǐ kéyi zǒu le.                      You may leave.

  從這個門進去，可以嗎？
  Cóng zhèige mén jìnqu, kéyi          May one go in through this door?
  ma?

  那兒的飯可以吃。
  Nàrde fàn kéyi chī.                  The food there may be eaten, (i.e.,
                                       it is possible to eat it)

  我不舒服，不可以游泳。
  Wǒ bù shūfu, bù kéyi yóuyǒng.        I don’t feel good; I can’t go swimming.
                                       (i.e., the speaker decides
                                       that he should not go)

The core meaning of huì is “to know how to,” “can.” Huì is often used for
an activity that was learned, in contrast to néng for activities that “can
be done” because of a person’s physical condition (“Can she get out of bed
yet?” Tā néng bu néng xià chuáng?). The other main use of huì is to indicate
possibility. Here it overlaps with both néng and kéyi in meaning “could be/
is possible.”

  你的兒子會走路了嗎？
  Nǐde érzi huì zǒu lù le ma?          Can your son walk now?
                                       (BABY LEARNING TO WALK)
  你會説英文嗎？
  Nǐ huì shuō Yīngwén ma?              Can you speak English?

  明天會下雨。
  Míngtiān huì xià yǔ.                 It might/will rain tomorrow.

  他不會不來。
  Tā bú huì bù lái.                    It is not possible that he won’t come.


       真不巧。
6.  B: Zhēn bù qiǎo.                   We really couldn’t make that.

       那天我們有事，沒辦法去。
    B: Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì,          We have a previous engagement that
       méi bànfa qù.                   day; we have no way of going.

Notes on No. 6

Bù qiǎo literally means “inopportune,” “not timely.”

Méi bànfa: Bànfa means “method,” “way.” Within a sentence, méi bànfa
is used as “there is no way to...,” “there is no way that....” Used
independently, méi bànfa means “nothing can be done,” “it can’t be helped,”
“there is no way out.”

[265]

       希望以後在找機會聚一聚吧。
7.  A: Xīwang yǐhòu zài zhǎo           I hope that late we will find an
       jīhui jùyijù ba.                other opportunity to get together.

       好啊。
    B: Hǎo a.                          Okay.

8.  dàjiā                 大家          everybody, everyone
9.  jiēdao                接到          to receive (alternate form for
                                         jiēzhāo)
10. tóngshì               同事          fellow worker, colleague
11. yīnggāi               應該          should, ought to, must

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Literally, dàjiā means “big family.” When dàjiā is the subject of a
sentence, dōu is often placed before the verb.

  大家都知道他是誰。
  Dàjiā dōu zhīdao tā shi shéi.        Everyone knows who he is.

  謝謝大家。
  Xièxie dàjiā.                        Thank you all.

  請大家坐下來。
  Qǐng dàjiā zuòxialai.                Would everyone please sit down.

  我們大家一起去吧。
  Wǒmen dàjiā yìqǐ qù ba.              Let’s all go together.

Yīnggāi is an auxiliary verb which is followed by another verb in a
sentence. Only bù is used to make yīnggāi negative.

  不謝，這是我們應該做的事。
  Bú xiè, zhèi shi wǒmen yīnggāi       Don’t thank us. This is something
  zuòde shi.                           we should be doing.

  這件事情很要緊，你應該馬上去辦。
  Zhèijiàn shiqing hěn yàojin,         This is a very important thing; you
  nǐ yīnggāi mǎshàng qù bàn.           should (go) take care of it right
                                       away.
  一個大學畢業的人，不應該有這樣的想法。
  Yíge dàxué bìyède rén, bù            Someone who has graduated from
  yīnggāi yòu zhèiyangde               college shouldn’t think this way.
  xiǎngfa.

[266]

DRILLS

A. Expansion Drill

                                            他在外交部禮賓司工作。他的辦公室在
             他在外交部禮賓司工作。              五樓。
1.  Speaker: Tā zài Wàijiāobù          You: Tā zài Wàijiāobù Lǐbīnsī gōngzuò.
             Lǐbīnsī gōngzuò.               Tāde bàngōngshì zài wǔlóu.
                                            (He works at the Ministry of
                   五樓                       Foreign Affairs [in] the
             (cue) wǔlóu                     Protocol Department. His
             (He works at the                office is on the fifth floor.)
              Ministry of Foreign
              Affairs [in] the
              Protocol Department.)

    他在這兒工作。                        他在這兒工作。他的辦公室在七樓。
2.  Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò.               Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì
                                       zài qīlóu.
    七樓
    qīlóu

    他在加拿大大使館工作。                  他在加拿大大使館工作。他的辦公室在樓上。
3.  Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn gōngzuò.  Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn gōngzuò.
                                       Tāde bàngōngshì zài lóushàng.
    樓上
    lóushàng

    他在北京工作。                        他在北京工作。他的辦公室在光華路。
4.  Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò.            Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Tāde
                                       bàngōngshì zài Guānghuá Lù.
    光華路
    Guānghuá Lù

    張同志在上海工作。                     張同志在上海工作。他的辦公室在南京路。
5.  Zhāng Tóngzhì zài Shànghǎi         Zhāng Tóngzhì zài Shànghǎi gōngzuò.
    gōngzuò.                           Tāde bàngōngshì zài Nánjīng Lù.

    南京路
    Nánjīng Lù

    王女士在銀行工作。                     王女士在銀行工作。她的辦公室二樓。
6.  Wáng Nǚshì zài yínháng gōngzuò.    Wáng Nǚshì zài yínháng gōngzuò.
                                       Tāde bàngōngshì zài èrlóu.
    二樓
    èrlóu

    魏少校在物管処工作。                   魏少校在物管処工作。他的辦公室在三樓。
7.  Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù         Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.
    gōngzuò.                           Tāde bàngōngshì zài sānlóu.

    三樓
    sānlóu


B. Response Drill

             大使接着請帖了嗎？                 大使還沒接着請帖
1.  Speaker: Dàshǐ jiēzháo qǐngtiě     You: Dàshǐ hái méi jiēzháo qǐngtiě.
             le ma?                         (The ambassador has not received
                                             the invitation yet.)

             (cue) not yet
             (Has the ambassador
              received the invitation
              yet?)

    他們都接着請帖了嗎？                   他們沒都接着請帖。
2.  Tāmen dōu jiēzháo qǐngtiě le       Tāmen méi dōu jiēzháo qǐngtiě.
    ma?

    not all

    你們接着部長的請帖了嗎？                我們接着部長的請帖了。
3.  Nǐmen jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qǐngtiě    Wǒmen jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qǐngtiě le.
    le ma?

    yes

    他們接着大使館的請帖了嗎？              他們已經接着大使館的請帖了。
4.  Tāmen jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde          Tāmen yǐjīng jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde
    qǐngtiě le ma?                     qǐngtiě le.

    already

[267]

    你們接着大使館的請帖了嗎？              我們還沒接着大使館的請帖。
5.  Nǐmen jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qǐngtiě  Wǒmen hai méi jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde
    le ma?                             qǐngtiě.

    not yet

    他接着請帖了嗎？                      他沒接着請帖。
6.  Tā jiēzháo qǐngtiě le ma?          Tā méi jiēzháo qǐngtiě.

    no

    你接着物管処請帖了嗎？                 我接着物管処請帖了。
7.  Nǐ jiēzháo Wǔguānchùde qǐngtiě     Wǒ jiēzháo Wǔguānchùde qǐngtiě le.
    le ma?

    yes


C. Expansion Drill

             他不能來。                        很可惜，他不能來。
1.  Speaker: Tā bù néng lái.           You: Hěn kěxī, tā bù néng lái.
                                            (Unfortunately, he cannot
                   可惜                       come.)
             (cue) kěxī
             (He cannot come.)

    他學中國話學得不很好。                  很可惜，他學中國話學得不很好。
2.  Tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù       Hěn kěxī, tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde
    hěn hǎo.                           bù hěn hǎo.
    
    可惜
    kěxī

    他沒來。                             很遺憾，他沒來。
3.  Tā méi lái.                        Hěn yíhàn, tā méi lái.

    遺憾
    yíhàn

    他們不能都來。                        很抱歉，他們不能都來。
4.  Tāmen bù néng dōu lái.             Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen bù néng dōu lái.

    抱歉
    bàoqiàn

    他們都不來。                          很可惜，他們都不來。
5.  Tāmen dōu bù lái.                  Hěn kěxī, tāmen dōu bù lái.

    可惜
    kěxī

    他們都不能去。                        很抱歉，他們都不能去。
6.  Tāmen dōu bù néng qù.              Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen dōu bù néng qù.

    抱歉
    bàoqiàn

    她好沒去。                            很遺憾。她好沒去。
7.  Tā hái méi qù.                     Hěn yíhàn, tā hái méi qù.

    遺憾
    yíhàn


D. Expansion Drill

             請你轉告張部長。                   請你替我轉告張部長。
1.  Speaker: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Zhāng    You: Qǐng ni tì wǒ zhuǎngào Zhāng
             Bùzhǎng.                       Bùzhǎng.
                                            (Please inform Minister Zhāng
                   我                        for me.)
             (cue) wǒ
             (Please inform
              Minister Zhāng.)

    我轉告張部長了。                       我替你轉告張部長了。
2.  Wǒ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le.      Wǒ tì nǐ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le.

    你
    nǐ

    他還沒轉告李科長。                     他還沒替你轉告李科長。
3.  Tā hái méi zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng.    Tā hái méi tì nǐ zhuǎngào Lǐ
                                       Kēzhǎng.
    你
    nǐ

    他不能轉告李科長。                     他不能替我轉告李科長。
4.  Tā bù néng zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng.    Tā bù néng tì wǒ zhuǎngào Lǐ
                                       Kēzhǎng.
    我
    wǒ

[268]

    我已經轉告大使了。                     我已經替你經轉告大使了。
5.  Wǒ yǐjīng zhuǎngào dàshǐ le.       Wǒ yǐjīng tì nǐ zhuǎngào dàshǐ le.

    你
    nǐ

    我明天就轉告大使。                     我明天就替你轉告大使。
6.  Wǒ míngtiān jiù zhuǎngào dàshǐ.    Wǒ míngtiān jiù tì nǐ zhuǎngào
                                       dàshǐ.
    你
    nǐ

    他是昨天轉告大使的。                   他是昨天替你轉告大使的。
7.  Tā shi zuótiān zhuǎngào            Tā shi zuótiān tì nǐ zhuǎngào
    dàshǐde.                           dàshǐde.
   
    你
    nǐ


E. Transformation Drill

             他們明天來。                      他們明天一起來嗎？
1.  Speaker: Tǎmen míngtiān lái.       You: Tǎmen míngtiān yìqǐ lái ma?
             (cue) together                 (Are they coming together
             (They are coming                tomorrow?)
              tomorrow.)

             他們昨天來了。                    他們昨天是一起來的嗎？
      OR     Tǎmen zuótiān lái le.          Tǎmen zuótiān shi yìqǐ láide
             (cue) together                 ma?
             (They came yesterday.)         (Did they come together
                                             yesterday?)

    他明天走。                            他明天一個人走嗎？
2.  Tā míngtiān zǒu.                   Tā míngtiān yíge rén zǒu ma?

    alone

    他昨天走了。                          他昨天是一個人走的嗎？
3.  Tā zuótiān zǒu le.                 Tā zuótiān shi yíge rén zǒude ma?

    alone

    王同志明天去南京。                     王同志明天坐火車去南京嗎？
4.  Wáng Tóngzhì míngtiān qù           Wáng Tóngzhì míngtiān zuò huǒchē qù
    Nánjīng.                           Nánjīng ma?
    
    by train

    王同志星期一去上海了。                  王同志星期一是坐飛機去上海的嗎？
5.  Wáng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī qù           Wáng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī shi zuò fēijī
    Shànghǎi le.                       qù Shànghǎide ma?
   
    by plane

    他去了。                             他是一個人去的嗎？
6.  Tā qù le.                          Tǎ shi yíge rén qùde ma?

    alone

[269]


F.  Substitution Drill

             那天我們有事，不能去。              那天我們有事，沒辦法去。
1.  Speaker: Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì,    You: Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, méi
             bù néng qù.                    bànfa qù.

             (cue) no way of going          (That day we have a previous
             (That day we have a             engagement; we have no way
              previous engagement;           of going.)
              we cannot go.)       

    那天我們有事，沒辦法去。                 那天我們有事，不能一起去
2.  Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, méi         Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, bù néng yìqǐ
    bànfa qù.                          qù.
    
    cannot go together  

    那天我們有事，不能一起去。               那天我們有事，不能都去。
3.  Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shi, bù néng     Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, bù néng dōu
    yiqǐ qù.                           qù.
    
    not all of us can go   

    那天我們有事，不能都去。                 那天我們有事，都不能去。
4.  Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, bù néng     Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, dōu bù néng
    dōu qù.                            qù.
    
    none of us can go   

    那天我們有事，都不能去。                 那天我們有事，沒去。
5.  Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shi, dōu bù      Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, méi qù.
    néng qù.
    
    did not go  

    那天我們有事，沒去。                    那天我們有事，沒都去。
6.  Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, méi qù.     Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shì, méi dōu qù.

    not all of us went   

    那天我們有事，沒都去。
7.  Nèitiān wǒmen yǒu shi, méi dōu
    qù.


GPO 689—101|/8721