Duration phrases
The marker le for completion.
The "double le" construction.
The marker -guo.
Action verbs.
State verbs.
| 1. | A: | Nǐ zhù duó jiǔ? | 你住多久？ | How long are you staying? |
| B: | Wǒ zhù yìnián. | 我住一年。 | I'm staying one year. | |
| 2. | A: | Nǐ tàitai zhù duó jiǔ? | 你太太住多久？ | How long is your wife staying? |
| B: | Ta zhù liǎngtiān. | 她住两天。 | She is staying two days. | |
| 3. | A: | Nǐ tàitai zài Xiānggǎng zhù duó jiǔ? | 你太太在香港住多久？ | How long is your wife staying in Hong Kong? |
| B: | Wǒ xiǎng tā zhù liǎngtiān. | 我想她住两天。 | I think she is staying two days. | |
| 4. | A: | Nǐ xiǎng zhù duò jiǔ? | 你想住多久？ | How long are you thinking of staying? |
| B: | Wǒ xiǎng zhù yìnián. | 我想住一年。 | I'm thinking of staying one year. | |
| 5. | A: | Nǐ xiǎng zài Táiwān zhù duó jiǔ? | 你想在台湾住多久？ | How long are you thinking of staying in Taiwan? |
| B: | Wǒ xiǎng zhù báge yüè. | 我想住八个月。 | I'm thinking of staying eight months. | |
| 6. | A: | Nǐ péngyou xiǎng zhù duó jiǔ? | 你朋友想住多久？ | How long is your friend thinking of staying? |
| B: | Tā xiǎng zhù liǎngge xīngqī. | 他想住两个星期。 | He is thinking of staying two weeks. | |
| 7. | A: | Nǐ láile duó jiǔ le? | 你来了多久了？ | How long have you been there? |
| B: | Wǒ láile sāntiān le. | 我来了三天了。 | I have been here three days. | |
| 8. | A: | Nǐ tàitai zài Xiānggǎng zhùle duó jiǔ? | 你太太在香港住了多久？ | How long did your wife stay in Hong Kong? |
| B: | Tā zhùle liǎngtiān. | 她住了两天。 | She stayed two days. | |
| 9. | A: | Tā lái le ma? | 他来了吗？ | Did he come? |
| B: | Lái le, tā lái le. | 来了，他来了。 | Yes, he came. | |
| 10. | A: | Tā lái le ma? | 他来了吗？ | Did he come? |
| B: | Méi lái, tā méi lái. | 没来， 他没来。 | No, he didn't come. | |
| 11. | A: | Nǐ cóngqián láiguo ma? | 你从前来过吗？ | Have you ever been here before? |
| B: | Wǒ cóngqián méi láiguo. | 我从前没来过。 | I have never been here before. |
| qù | 去 | to go |
| Niǔ Yüē | 纽约 | New York |
| cóngqián | 从前 | before |
| duó jiǔ | 多久 | how long |
| -guo | —过 | experiential marker |
| xiǎng | 想 | to think that, to want to, would you like to |
| Xiānggǎng | 香港 | Hong Kong |
| xīngqī | 星期 | week |
| zhù | 住 | to live somewhere |
| 1. | A: | Nǐ zhù duó jiǔ? | 你住多久？ | How long are you staying? |
| B: | Wǒ zhù yìnián. | 我住一年。 | I'm staying one year. |
Expressions like duó jiǔ, "how long," and yìnián "one year," called duration phrases, come after the verb.
![[Note]](file:/home/eric/bin/Xml/Oxygen%20XML%20Editor%2021/frameworks/docbook/css/img/note.png) | Note |
|---|---|
"One day" is yìtiān. The tone on yī changes to Falling before a High-tone. |
Notice the contrast with time-when phrases, like shénme shíhou, "when," and jīnnián "this year," which comes before the verb.
| Nǐ | shénme shíhou | When are you leaving? | ||
| Nǐ | zhù | duō jiǔ? | How long are you staying? |
If a duration phrase is used with the verb zhù, this phrase preempts the position after the verb; and any place phrase, like zài Běijīng, must come before the verb.
| Wǒ | zhù | zài Běijīng. | I'm l living in Běijīng. | |
| Nǐ | zài Běijīng | zhù | duó jiǔ? | How long are you staying in Běijīng? |
Yìnián: In telling how many years (giving an amount) no counter is used. The tone on yī, "one," changes to Falling before a Rising tone.
| 2. | A: | Nǐ tàitai zhù duó jiǔ? | 你太太住多久？ | How long is your wife staying? |
| B: | Ta zhù liǎngtiān. | 她住两天。 | She is staying two days. |
Liǎngtiān: -tiān, "day," like -nián, "year," is used without a counter. When telling how many of something, the number 2 takes the form liǎng. (See Unit 3, notes on Nos. 3-4.)
| 3. | A: | Nǐ tàitai zài Xiānggǎng zhù duó jiǔ? | 你太太在香港住多久？ | How long is your wife staying in Hong Kong? |
| B: | Wǒ xiǎng tā zhù liǎngtiān. | 我想她住两天。 | I think she is staying two days. | |
| 4. | A: | Nǐ xiǎng zhù duò jiǔ? | 你想住多久？ | How long are you thinking of staying? |
| B: | Wǒ xiǎng zhù yìnián. | 我想住一年。 | I'm thinking of staying one year. |
The verb xiǎng, "to think that," "to want to," "would like to," may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. As a main verb it means "to think that." It is used this way in the answer of exchange 3 and in the following examples.
| Wǒ xiǎng tā míngtián lái. | I think he is coming tomorrow. |
| Wǒ xiǎng tā bú qù. | I think he is not going. |
When xiǎng is used as a main verb meaning "to think that," it is not made negative. This may be a special problem for English speakers who are used to saying "I don't think he is going."
In Chinese, it is: "I think he is not going" Wǒ xiǎng tā bú qù.
When xiǎng is used as an auxiliary verb, it means, "to want to," "would like to." It is used this way in exchange 4, which could also be translated as, "How long would you like to stay?"
Here are other examples:
| Nǐ xiǎng zǒu ma? | Would you like to leave? OR Do you want to go? |
| Wǒ bù xiǎng zǒu. | I don't want to leave. |
| Nǐ xiǎng zài Táiběi gōngzuò ma? |
Do you want to work in Taipei? |
| 5. | A: | Nǐ xiǎng zài Táiwān zhù duó jiǔ? | 你想在台湾住多久？ | How long are you thinking of staying in Taiwan? |
| B: | Wǒ xiǎng zhù báge yüè. | 我想住八个月。 | I'm thinking of staying eight months. | |
| 6. | A: | Nǐ péngyou xiǎng zhù duó jiǔ? | 你朋友想住多久？ | How long is your friend thinking of staying? |
| B: | Tā xiǎng zhù liǎngge xīngqī. | 他想住两个星期。 | He is thinking of staying two weeks. |
You already know that yìnián and yìtiān are used without counters. The words for "month" and "week," however, are used with counters.
Compare:
| sāntiān | 3 days |
| sānnián | 3 years |
| sānge xīngqī | 3 weeks |
| sānge yüè | 3 months |
| 7. | A: | Nǐ láile duó jiǔ le? | 你来了多久了？ | How long have you been there? |
| B: | Wǒ láile sāntiān le. | 我来了三天了。 | I have been here three days. |
le...le, "up until now," "so far": The use of completed-action le after the verb and of new-situation le after the duration phrase tells you how long the activity has been going on and that it is still going on. The answer could also have been translated "I have been here three days so far." This pattern is sometimes called "double le."
Notice that when le is in the middle of a sentence (in this case, because it is followed by a duration phrase), we write it attached to the verb before it: láile duó jiǔ le.
| 8. | A: | Nǐ tàitai zài Xiānggǎng zhùle duó jiǔ? | 你太太在香港住了多久？ | How long did your wife stay in Hong Kong? |
| B: | Tā zhùle liǎngtiān. | 她住了两天。 | She stayed two days. |
Completion le: Here you see the marker le used to indicate one aspect, completion. Compare a sentence with one le to a sentence with two le's:
| Wǒ zài nàr zhùle sāntiān. | I stayed there three days. |
| Wǒ zài nàr zhùle sāntiān le. | I have been here (stayed here) for three days now (so far). |
Completion le is used with verbs that describe actions or processes, not with verbs that describe a state or condition, or a continuing situation. The following sentences, describing states or ongoing situations, have past-tense verbs in English but no le in Chinese.
| Nèige shíhou tāmen zhǐ yǒu liǎnge háizi. | At that time they had only two children. |
| Tā qǜnián bú zài Shànghǎi, zài Běijīng. | He wasn't in Shànghǎi last year; he was in Běijīng. |
Verb types in Chinese: In studying some languages, it is important to learn whether a noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter. In Chinese, it is important to learn whether a verb is an action, state, or process verb. These three verb categories are meaning (semantic) groups. A verb is a member of one group or another depending on the meaning of the verb. For instance, "running" and "dancing" are actions; "being good" and "being beautiful" are states; and "getting sick" and "melting" are processes. In Chinese, grammatical rules are applied differently to each semantic verb category. For the most part, you have learned only action and state verbs in this course; so these comments will be confined to those two verb categories. (See Unit 8 of this module for process verbs,)
Action verbs: These are verbs which describe physical and mental activities. The easiest to classify are verbs of movement such as "walking," "running," and "riding", however, action verbs also include verbs with not too much motion, such as "working" and "writing," and verbs with no apparent motion, such as "studying." One test for determining if a verb is an action is asking "What did he do?" "He arrived," "He spoke," and ’"He listened" are answers which contain action verbs. "He knew" "He wanted" and "He is here" are answers which contain state verbs, not action verbs. Some of the action verbs you have learned are:
| dào (to arrive) | lái (to come) |
| gōngzuò (to work) | zhù (to live, to stay) |
State verbs: These verbs describe qualities, conditions, and states. All adjectival verbs, such as hǎo "to be good," and jiǔ, "to be long (in time)," are state verbs. Emotions, such as "being happy" and "being sad," are expressed with state verbs. "Knowing," "liking," "wanting," and "understanding," which may be called mental states, are also expressed with state verbs. Also, all auxiliary verbs, such as xiǎng, "to want to," "would like to," are state verbs. Here are some of the state verbs:
| dà to be large | shì to be |
| duì to be correct | jiào to be called |
| xìng to be surnamed | zài to be at |
| xiǎng to want to | zhīdào to know |
Aspect and verb types: Not every aspect marker in Chinese may be used with all typs8 of verbs. Completion le does not occur with state verbs. It does occur with action verbs.
| ACTION | Tā yǐjīng dào le. | He has already arrived. |
| Tā gōngzuòle yìnián. | He worked one year. | |
| Tā lái le ma? | Did he come? | |
| STATE | Tā qǜnián bú zài zhèr. | He wasn't here last year. |
| Tā zuótiān xiǎng qù. | Yesterday he wanted to go. | |
| Tā zuótiān bú zhīdào. | He didn't know yesterday. | |
| 9. | A: | Tā lái le ma? | 他来了吗？ | Did he come? |
| B: | Lái le, tā lái le. | 来了，他来了。 | Yes, he came. | |
| 10. | A: | Tā lái le ma? | 他来了吗？ | Did he come? |
| B: | Méi lái, tā méi lái. | 没来， 他没来。 | No, he didn't come. |
Compare the two possible interpretations of the question Tā lái le ma? and the answers they receive:
| Completion le | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tā | lái | le | ma? | Did she come? | |
| Tā | lái | le. | She came. | ||
| Tā | méi | lái | She didn't come. | ||
| Combined le | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tā | lái | le | ma? | Has he come? | ||
| Tā | lái | le. | She has come. OR She's here. | |||
| Tā | hái | méi | lái. | She hasn't come yet. | ||
The first question, with completion le, asks only if the action took place. The second question, with combined le asks both whether the action has been completed and whether the resulting new situation still exists.
| 11. | A: | Nǐ cóngqián láiguo ma? | 你从前来过吗？ | Have you ever been here before? |
| B: | Wǒ cóngqián méi láiguo. | 我从前没来过。 | I have never been here before. |
The aspect marker -guo means literally "to pass over," "to cross over. The implication is that an event took place and then ceased at some time in the past.
It may help you to conceptualize -guo in terms of a bridge. The whole bridge is the event. The marker -guo stresses the fact that not only have you crossed over the bridge but at present you are no longer standing on it.
The meaning of -guo changes slightly depending on what type of verb it is used with: action or process, (-guo may not be used with state verbs.) With an action verb, -guo means that the action took place and then ceased at some time before the present. With a process verb, -guo means that the process took place and that the state which resulted from the process ended at some time before the present.
Remember that aspect markers like le and -guo are used only when the speaker feels it necessary to stress some feature or aspect of an event. Le is used to stress finishing, or completion, -guo is used to stress that a situation occurred in the past and was "over or "undone," before the time of speaking (that is, the absence of that situation followed the situation).
Let's contrast -guo with completion le: both le and -guo express completion, but -guo stresses that an action is no longer being performed, or that a state resulting from a process no longer exists.
For example, Tā lái le. means "He came," or "He has come," not indicating whether or not he is still there.
But Tā láiguo means "He came" with the specification that he is not there anymore –that is, he came and left.
One of the uses of the aspect marker -guo,is in sentences which express experience or having experienced something at least once in the past, that is, "to have had the experience of doing something." This is how -guo is used in exchange 11. In a question, the marker -guo can he reflected by the English word "ever," and in a negative statement by "never."
| Nǐ | cóngqiān | lái | -guo | ma? | Have you ever been (come) here before? | |
| Nǐ | cóngqián | méi | lái | -guo | I have never been (come) here before. | |
| Nǐ | cóngqián | lái | -guo | I have been (come) here before |
The negative of Tā lái le. does not include a le, but the negative of Tā láiguo. does have a -guo . The negative adverb méi is used to negate both completion le and -guo.
| Tā | lái | le. | |
| Tā | méi | lái |
| Tā | lái | -guo. | |
| Ta | méi | lái | -guo. |
Table 2.60. Respond according to the cue.
| Question | Cue | Answer | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
张先生住多久？ Zhāng xiānsheng zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Mr. Zhāng staying? |
一个月 yíge yüè one month |
张先生住一个月。 Zhāng xiānsheng zhù yíge yüè. Mr. Zhāng is staying one month. |
| 2. |
王小姐住多久？ Wáng xiǎojiě zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Miss Wáng staying? |
两个星期 liǎngge xīnqī two weeks |
王小姐住两个星期。 Wáng xiǎojiě zhù liǎngge xīngqī. Miss Wáng is staying two weeks. |
| 3. |
胡太太住多久？ Hú tàitai zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Mrs. Hú staying? |
三个月 sānge yüè three months |
胡太太住三个月。 Hú tàitai zhù sānge yüè. Mrs. Hú is staying three months. |
| 4. |
他/她住多久？ Tā zhù duó jiǔ? How long is he/she staying? |
四个星期 sìge xīngqī four weeks |
他/她住四个星期。 Tā zhù sìge xīngqī. He/she is staying four weeks. |
| 5. |
他/她太太住多久？ Tā tàitai zhù duó jiǔ? How long is his wife staying? |
两个星期 liǎngge xīngqī two weeks |
他/她太太住两个星期。 Tā tàitai zhù liǎngge xīngqī. His wife is staying two weeks. |
| 6. |
李小姐住多久？ Lǐ xiǎojiě zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Miss Lǐ staying? |
五个月 wǔge yüè five months |
李小姐住五个月。 Lǐ xiǎojiě zhù wǔge yüè. Miss Lǐ is staying five months. |
| 7. |
她先生住多久？ Tā xiānsheng zhù duó jiǔ? How long is her husband staying? |
六个星期 liùge xīngqī six weeks |
她先生住六个星期。 Tā xiānsheng zhù liùge xīngqī. Her husband is staying six weeks. |
Table 2.61. Respond according to the cue.
| Question | Cue | Answer | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
张同志住多久？ Zhāng tōngzhi zhù duó jiǔ? How long is comrade Zhāng staying? |
三天 sāntiān three days |
张同志住三天。 Zhāng tóngzhì zhù sāntiān. Comrade Zhāng is staying three days. | ||
| 2. |
他/他母亲住多久？ Tā mǔqin zhù duó jiǔ? How long is his/her mother staying? |
一年 yìnián one year |
他/他母亲住一年。 Tā mǔqin zhù yìnián. His/her mother is staying one year. | ||
| 3. |
他/他父亲住多久？ Tā fùqin zhù duó jiǔ? How long is his/her father staying? |
五天 wǔtiān five days |
他/他住五天。 Tā fùqin zhù wǔtiān. His/her father is staying five days. | ||
| 4. |
王同志住多久？ Wáng tóngzhì zhù duó jiǔ? How long is comrade Wáng staying? |
八天 bātiān eight days |
王同志住八天。 Wáng tongzhì zhù bātiān. Comrade Wáng is staying eight days. | ||
| 5. |
李姐姐住多久？ Nǐ jiějie zhù duó jiǔ? How long is your older sister staying. |
两年 liǎngnián two years |
我姐姐住两年。 Wǒ jiějie zhù liǎngnián. My older sister is staying two years. | ||
| 6. |
胡同志住多久？ Hú tóngzhì zhù duó jiǔ? How long is comrade Hú staying? |
四天 sìtiān four days |
胡同志之四天。 Hú tóngzhì zhù sìtiān. Comrade Hú is staying four days. | ||
| 7. |
他/他住多久？ Tā zhù duó jiǔ? How long is How long is he/she staying? |
三年 sānnián three years |
他/他住三年。 Tā zhù sānnián. He/she is staying three years. |
Table 2.62. Respond according to the cue.
| Question | Cue | Answer | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
他/他母亲住多久？ Tā mǔqin zhù duó jiǔ? How long is his/her mother staying? |
两个月 liǎngge yüè two months |
他/他母亲住两个月。 Tā mǔqin zhù liǎngge yüè. His/her mother is staying two months. | ||
| 2. |
他/他妹妹住多久？ Tā mèimei zhù duó jiǔ? How long is his/her younger sister staying? |
一个星期 yíge xīngqī one week |
他/他妹妹住一个星期。 Tā mèimei zhù yíge xīngqī. His/her younger sister is staying one week. | ||
| 3. |
张太太住多久？ Zhāng tàitai zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Mrs. Zhāng staying? |
九天 jiǔtiān nine days |
张太太住九天。 Zhāng tàitai zhù jiǔtiān. Mrs. Zhāng is staying nine days. | ||
| 4. |
他/他哥哥住多久？ Tā gēge zhù duó jiǔ? How long is his/her older brother staying? |
四个星期 sìge xīngqī four weeks |
他/他哥哥住四个星期。 Tā gēge zhù sìge xīngqī. His/her older brother is staying four weeks. | ||
| 5. |
王先生住多久？ Wáng xiānsheng zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Mr. Wáng staying? |
一个月 yíge yüè one month |
王先生住一个月。 Wáng xiānsheng zhù yíge yüè. Mr. Wáng is staying one month. | ||
| 6. |
他/他弟弟住多久？ Tā dìdi zhù duó jiǔ? How long is his/her younger brother staying? |
一年 yìnián one year |
他/他弟弟住一年。 Tā dìdi zhù yínián. His/her younger brother is staying one year. | ||
| 7. |
他/他姐姐住多久？ Tā jiějie zhù duó jiǔ? How long is his/her older sister staying? |
十天 shítiān ten days |
他/他姐姐住十天。 Tā jiějie zhù shítiān. His/her older sister is staying ten days. |
Table 2.63. Expand the respoonse according to the model and the cue.
| Question | Cue | Answer | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
张太太的哥哥 住多久？ Zhāng tàitaide gēge zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Mrs. Zhāng's older brother staying? |
香港 xiānggǎng Hong Kong |
张太太的哥哥在香港住多久？ Zhāng tàitaide gēge zài xiānggǎng zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Mrs. Zhāng's older brother staying in Hong Kong? | ||
| 2. |
曾小姐的妹妹住多久？ Zēng xiǎojiěde mèimei zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Miss Zēng's younger sister staying? |
中国 Zhōngguó China |
曾小姐的妹妹在中国住多久？ Zēng xiǎojiěde mèimei zài Zhōngguó zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Miss Zēng's younger sister staying in China? | ||
| 3. |
陈同志的姐姐住多久？ Chén tóngzhìde jiějie zhù duó jiǔ? How long is comrade Chén's older sister staying? |
上海 Shānghǎi Shānghǎi |
陈同志的姐姐在上海住多久？ Chén tóngzhìde jiějie zài Shānghǎi zhù duó jiǔ? How long is comrade Chén's older sister staying in Shānghǎi? | ||
| 4. |
钱同志的爱人住多久？ Qián tóngzhìde àiren zhù duó jiǔ? How long is comrade Qián's spouse staying? |
美国 Měiguó America |
钱同志的爱人在美国住多久？ Qián tóngzhìde àiren zài Měiguó zhù duó jiǔ? How long is comrade Qián's spouse staying in America? | ||
| 5. |
曹小姐的父亲住多久？ Cáo xiǎojiěde fùqin zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Miss Cáo's father staying? |
青岛 Qīngdǎo Qīngdǎo |
曹小姐的父亲在青岛住多久？ Cáo xiǎojiě de fùqin zài Qīngdǎo zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Miss Cáo's father staying in Qīngdǎo? | ||
| 6. |
夏先生的母亲住多久？ Xià xiāngshengde mǔqin zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Mr. Xià's mother staying? |
北京 Běijīng Běijīng |
夏先生的母亲在北京住多久？ Xià xiāngshengde mǔqin zài Běijīng zhù duó jiǔ? How long is Mr. Xià's mother staying in Běijīng? |
Table 2.64. Transform the sentence according to the model.
| Statement | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
他/他几天？ Tā zhù jǐtiān? How many days is he/she staying? |
他/他想住几天？ Tā xiǎng zhù jǐtiān? How many days is he/she planning on staying? | |
| 2. |
胡先生住几个月？ Hú xiānsheng zhù jǐge yüè? How many months is Mr. Hú staying? |
胡先生想住几个月？ Hú xiānsheng xiǎng zhù jǐge yüè? How many months is Mr. Hú planning on staying? | |
| 3. |
王太太住几个星期？ Wáng tàitai zhù jǐge xīngqī? How many weeks is Mrs. Wáng staying? |
王太太想住几个星期？ Wáng tàitai xiǎng zhù jǐge xīngqī? How many weeks is Mrs. Wáng planning on staying? | |
| 4. |
他先生住几年？ Tā xiānsheng zhù jǐnián? How many years is Mr. Tā staying? |
他先生想住几年？ Tā xiānsheng xiǎng zhù jǐnián? How many years is Mr. Tā planning on staying? | |
| 5. |
周小姐住几个月？ Zhōu xiǎojiě zhù jǐge yüè? How many months is Miss Zhōu staying? |
周小姐想住几个月？ Zhōu xiǎojiě xiǎng zhù jǐge yüè? How many months is Miss Zhōu planning on staying? | |
| 6. |
我父亲住几个星期？ Wǒ fùqin zhù jǐge xīngqī? How many weeks is my father staying? |
我父亲想住几个星期？ Wǒ fùqin xiǎng zhù jǐge xīngqī? How many weeks is my father planning on staying? | |
| 7. |
他/他妹妹住几天？ Tā mèimei zhù jǐtiān? How many days is hi/her younger sister staying? |
他/他妹妹想住几天？ Tā mèimei xiǎng zhù jǐtiān? How many days is hi/her younger sister planning on staying? |
Table 2.65. Transform the sentence according to the model.
| Question | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
他/他住一个星期。 Tā zhù yíge xīngqī. He/she is staying one week. |
我想他/她住一个星期。 Wǒ xiǎng tā zhù yíge xīngqī. I think he/she is staying one week. | |
| 2. |
他/他住两年。 Tā zhù liǎngnián. He/she is staying two years. |
我想他/她住两年。 Wǒ xiǎng tā zhù liǎngnián. I think he/she is staying two years. | |
| 3. |
他/他住三个月。 Tā zhù sānge yüè. He/she is staying three months. |
我想他/她住三个月。 Wǒ xiǎng tā zhù sānge yüè. I think he/she is staying three months. | |
| 4. |
他/他住两个星期。 Tā zhù liǎngge xīngqī. He/she is staying two weeks. |
我想他/她住两个星期。 Wǒ xiǎng tā zhù liǎngge xīngqī. I think he/she is staying two weeks. | |
| 5. |
他/他七天。 Tā zhù qītiān. He/she is staying seven days. |
我想他/她住七天。 Wǒ xiǎng tā zhù qītiān. I think he/she is staying seven days. | |
| 6. |
他/他住十年。 Tā zhù sìnián. He/she is staying four years. |
我想他/她住十年。 Wǒ xiǎng tā zhù sìnián. I think he/she is staying four years. | |
| 7. |
他/他六个月。 Tā zhù liùge yüè. He/she is staying six months. |
我想他/她住六个月。 Wǒ xiǎng tā zhù liùge yüè. I think he/she is staying six months. |
Table 2.66. Transform the sentence according to the model.
| Statement | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
他/他住一个星期。 Tā zhù yíge xīngqī. He/she is staying one week. |
他/他住了一个星期。 Tā zhùle yíge xīngqī. He/she stayed one week. | |
| 2. |
⻢同志住一年。 Mǎ tóngzhì zhù yìnián. Comrade Mǎ is staying one year. |
⻢同志住了一年。 Mǎ tóngzhì zhùle yìnián. Comrade Mǎ stayed one year. | |
| 3. |
王同志住四个月。 Wáng tóngzhì zhù sìge yüè. Comrade Wáng is staying four months. |
王同志住了四个月。 Wáng tóngzhì zhùle sìge yüè. Comrade Wáng stayed four months. | |
| 4. |
曾同志住五天。 Zēng tóngzhì zhù wǔtiān. Comrade Zēng is staying five days. |
曾同志住了五天。 Zēng tóngzhì zhùle wǔtiān. Comrade Zēng stayed five days. | |
| 5. |
我住两个星期。 Wǒ zhù liǎngge xīngqī. I'm staying two weeks. |
我住了两个星期。 Wǒ zhùle liǎngge xīngqī. I stayed two weeks. | |
| 6. |
他/他孩子住刘天。 Tā háizi zhù liùtiān. His/her children are staying six days. |
他/他孩子住了刘天。 Tā háizi zhùle liùtian. His/her children stayed six days. | |
| 7. |
他/他妹妹住两年。 Tā mèimei zhù liǎngnián. His/her younger sister is staying two years. |
他/他妹妹住了两年。 Tā mèimei zhùle liǎngnián. His/her younger sister stayed two years. |
Table 2.67. Transform the sentence according to the model.
| Question | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
他/他住了三天。 Tā zhùle sāntiān. He/she stayed three days |
他/他住了三天了。 Tā zhùle sāntiān le. He/she has stayed three days. | |
| 2. |
我住了一个星期。 Wǒ zhùle yíge xīngqī. I stayed one week. |
我住了一个星期了。 Wǒ zhùle yíge xīngqī le. I have stayed one week. | |
| 3. |
他/他住了两个月。 Tā fùqin zhùle liǎngge yüè. His/her father stayed two months. |
他/他父亲住了两个月了。 Tā fùqin zgùle liǎngge yüè le. His/her father has stayed two months. | |
| 4. |
他/他姐姐住了十一天。 Tā jiějie zhùle shíyītiān. His/her older sister stayed eleven days. |
他/他姐姐住了十一天了。 Tā jiějie zhùle shíyītiān le. His/her older sister has stayed eleven days. | |
| 5. |
王先生住了一年。。 Wáng xiānsheng zhùle yìnián. Mr. Wáng stayed one year. |
王先生住了一年了。 Wáng xiānsheng zhùle yìnián le. Mr. Wáng has stayed one year. | |
| 6. |
王太太住了三个星期。 Wáng tàitai zhùle sānge xīngqī. Mrs. Wáng stayed three weeks. |
王太太住了三个星期了。 Wáng tàitai zhùle sānge xīngqī le. Mrs. Wáng has stayed three weeks. | |
| 7. |
胡小姐住了七天。 Hú xiǎojiě zhùle qītiān. Miss Hú stayed seven days. |
胡小姐住了七天了。 Hú xiǎojiě zhùle qītiān le. Miss Hú has stayed seven days. |
Table 2.68. Respond by adding xiǎng zhù, or zhùle + duration phrase + le to each statement, according to the clue.
| Question | Cue | Answer | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
他/他住一天。 Tā zhù yìtiān. He/she is staying one day. |
还没来 hái měi lái didn't come yet |
他/他想住一天。 Tā xiǎng zhù yìtiān. He/she is planning on staying one day. | ||
| 2. |
他/他住一天。 Tā zhù yìtiān. He/she is staying one day. |
已经走了 yǐjīng zǒu le already left |
他/他住了一天。 Tā zhùle yìtiān. He/she stayed one day. | ||
| 3. |
他/他住一天。 Tā zhù yìtiān. He/she is staying one day. |
还在这儿 hái zài zhèr already here |
他/他住了一天了。 Tā zhùle yìtiān le. He/she has stayed one day. | ||
| 4. |
他/他住两个星期。 Tā zhù liǎngge xīngqī. He/she is staying two weeks. |
已经周了 yǐjīng zǒu le already left |
他/他住了两个星期。 Tā zhùle liǎngge xīngqī. He/she stayed two weeks. | ||
| 5. |
他/他住三天。 Tā zhù sāntiān. He/she is staying three days. |
还没来 hái méi lái didn't come yet |
他/他想住三天。 Tā xiǎng zhù sāntiān. He/she is planning of staying three days. | ||
| 6. |
他/他住一年。 Tā zhù yìnián. He/she is staying one year. |
还在这儿 hái zài zhèr already here |
他/他住了一年了。 Tā zhùle yìnián le. He/she has stayed one year. | ||
| 7. |
他/他住五个星期。 Tā zhù wǔge xīngqī. He/she is staying five weeks. |
已经周了 yǐjīng zǒu le already left |
他/他住了五个星期。 Tā zhùle wǔge xīngqī. He/she stayed five weeks. |
Table 2.69. Transform the sentence according to the model.
| Statement | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
他/他星期一来，星期三走。 Tā xīngqīyī lái, xīngqīsān zǒu. He/she is coming on Monday, leaving on Wednesday. |
他/他住年天。 Tā xiǎng zhù liǎngtiān. He/she is planning on staying two days. | |
| 2. |
他/他一月来，四月走。 Tā yíyüè lái, sìyüè zǒu. He/she is coming on January, leaving on April. |
他/他想住三个月。 Tā xiǎng zhù sānge yüè. He/she is planning on staying three months. | |
| 3. |
他/他五月来，七月走。 Tā wǔyüè lái, qíyüè zǒu. He/she is coming on May, leaving on September. |
他/他想住两个月。 Tā xiǎng zhù liǎngge yüè. He/she is planning on staying four months. | |
| 4. |
他/他一号来，六号走。 Tā yíhào lái, liùhào zǒu. He/she is coming the first of the month, leaving the sixth. |
他/他想住五天。 Tā xiǎng zhù wǔtiān. He/she is planning on staying five days. | |
| 5. |
他/他六月来，十月走。 Tā liùyüè lái, shíyüè zǒu. He/she is coming on June, leaving on October. |
他/他想住四个月。 Tā xiǎng zhù sìge yüè. He/she is planning on staying four months. | |
| 6. |
他/他一九七六年来，一九七八年走。 Tā yījiǔqīliùnián lái, yījiǔqībānián zǒu. He/she is coming in 1976, leaving in 1978. |
他/他想住两年。 Tā xiǎng zhù liǎngnián. He/she is planning on staying two years. | |
| 7. |
他/他星期五来，下个星期一走。 Tā xīngqīwǔ lái, xiàge xīngqīyī zǒu. He/she is coming on Friday, leaving next Monday . |
他/他想住三天。 Tā xiǎng zhù sāntiān. He/she is planning on staying three days. |
Table 2.70. Transform the sentence according to the model.
| Statement | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
他/他是二号来的，十号走的。 Tā shì èrhào láide, sìhào zǒude. He/she came on the second, left on the fourth. |
他/他住了年天。 Tā zhùle liǎngtiān. He/she stayed two days. | |
| 2. |
他/他是一九七一年来的，一九七四年走的。 Tā shì yǐjiǔqīyīnián láide, yījiǔqīsìnián zǒude. He/she came in 1971, left in 1974. |
他/他住了三年。 Tā zhùle sānnián. He/she stayed three years. | |
| 3. |
他/他是三月来的，五月走的。 Tā shì sānyüè láide, wǔyüè zǒude. He/she came in April , left in May. |
他/他住了两个月。 Tā zhùle liǎngge yüè. He/she stayed two months. | |
| 4. |
他/他是星期二来的，星期六走的。 Tā shì xīngqīèr láide, xīngqīliù zǒude. He/she came on Tuesday , left on Saturday. |
他/他住了十天。 Tā zhùle sìtiān. He/she stayed four days. | |
| 5. |
他/他是九号来的，十一号走的。 Tā shì jiǔhào láide, shíyīhào zǒude. He/she came on the nineth, left on the eleventh. |
他/他住了年天。 Tā zhùle liǎngtiān. He/she stayed two days. | |
| 6. |
他/他是昨天来的，今天走的。 Tā shì zuótiān láide, jīntiān zǒude. He/she came yesterday , left today. |
他/他住了一天。 Tā zhùle yìtiān. He/she stayed one day. | |
| 7. |
他/他是上个月三十一号来的， 这个月五号走的。 Tā shì shànge yüè sānshiyíhào láide, zhèige yüè wǔhào zǒude. He/she came the 31st last month, left on the 5th this month. |
他/他住了五天。 Tā zhùle wǔtiān. He/she stayed five days. |
Table 2.71. Transform the sentence according to the model.
| Question | Cue | Answer | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
他/他明天不来。 Tā míngtiān bù lái. He/she isn't coming tomorrow. |
昨天 zuótiān yesterday |
他/他昨天没来。 Tā zuótiān méi lái. He/she didn't come yesterday. | ||
| 2. |
他/他后天不走。 Tā hòutiān bú zǒu. He/she isn't leaving the day after tomorrow. |
前天 qiántiān the day before yesterday |
他/他前天美走。 Ta qiántiān méi zǒu. He/she didn't leave the day before yesterday. | ||
| 3. |
他/他明天不来。 Tā míngtiān bù lái. He/she isn't coming tomorrow. |
去年 qǜnián last year |
他/他去年美来。 Tā qǜnián méi lái. He/she didn't come last year.. | ||
| 4. |
他/他下个月不走。 Tā xiàge yüè bù zǒu. He/she isn't leaving next month. |
上个月 shàngge yüè last month |
他/他上个月美走。 Tā shàngge yüè méi zǒu. He/she didn't leave last month. | ||
| 5. |
他/他下个星期不来。 Tā xiàge xīngqī bù lái. He/she isn't coming next week. |
上个星期 shàngge xīngqī last week |
他/他上个星期美来。 Tā shàngge xīngqī méi lái. He/she didn't come last week. | ||
| 6. |
他/他后面不来。 Tā hòumián bù lái. He/she isn't coming the day after tomorrow. |
前面 qiánnián the day before yesterday |
他/他前面美哪。 Tā qiánnián méi lái. He/she didn't come the day before yesterday. | ||
| 7. |
他/他今天不走。 Tā jīntiān bù zòu. He/she isn't leaving today. |
今天 jintiān today |
他/他今天美走。 Tā jīntiān méi zǒu. He/she didn't leave today. |
Table 2.72. Transform the sentence according to the model.
| Question | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
他/他来了吗？ Tā lái le ma? Did he/she come? |
他/他来过吗？ Tā láiguo ma? Has he/she ever been here? | |
| 2. |
他/他爱人来了吗？ Tā àiren lái le ma? Did his/her spouse come? |
他/他爱人来过吗？ Tā àiren láiguo ma? Has his/her spouse been here? | |
| 3. |
他/他母亲来了吗？ Ta mǔqin lái le ma? Did his/her mother come? |
他/他母亲来过吗？ Ta mǔqin láiguo ma? Has his/her mother ever been here? | |
| 4. |
胡同志来了吗？ Hú tóngzhì lái le ma? Did comrade Hú come? |
胡同志来过吗？ Hú tóngzhì láiguo ma? Has comrade Hú ever been here? | |
| 5. |
他/他弟弟来了吗？ Tā dìdi lái le ma? Has his/her younger brother come? |
他/他弟弟来过吗？ Tā dìdi láiguo ma? Did his/her younger brother ever been here? | |
| 6. |
王大年来了吗？ Wáng Dànián lái le ma? Did Wáng Dànián come? |
王大年来过吗？ Wáng Dànián láiguo ma? Has Wáng Dànián ever been here? | |
| 7. |
赵同志来了吗？ Zhào tóngzhì lái le ma? Did comrade Zhào come? |
赵同志来过吗？ Zhào tóngzhì láiguo ma? Has comrade Zhào ever been here? |
Table 2.73. Give a negative response to each question.
| Question | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
王小姐来了吗？ Wáng xiǎojiě lái le ma? Did Miss Wáng come? |
王小姐没来。 Wáng xiǎjiě méi lái. Miss Wáng didn't come. | |
| 2. |
林先生来了吗？ Lín xiānsheng lái le ma. Did Mr. Lín come? |
林先生没来。 Lín xiānsheng méi lái. Mr. Lín didn't come. | |
| 3. |
刘太太来了吗？ Liú tàitai lái le ma? Did Mrs. Liú come? |
刘太太没来。 Liú tàitai méi lái. Mrs. Liú didn't come. | |
| 4. |
他/他来了吗？ Tā lái le ma? Did he/she come? |
他/他没来。 Tā méi lái. He/she didn't come. | |
| 5. |
⻩先生来了吗？ Huáng xiānsheng lái le ma? Did Mr. Huáng come? |
⻩先生没来。 Huāng xiānsheng méi lái. Mr. Huáng didn't come. | |
| 6. |
陈小姐来了吗？ Chén xiǎojiě lái le ma? Did Miss Chén come? |
陈下界没来。 Chén xiǎojiě mái lái. Miss Chén didn't come. | |
| 7. |
孙太太来了吗？ Sūn tàitai lái le ma? Did Mrs. Sūn come? |
孙太太没来。 Sūn tàitai méi lái. Mrs. Sūn didn't come. |