The Orientation Module and associated resource modules provide the linguistic tools needed to begin the study of Chinese, The materials also introduce the teaching procedures used in this course. The Orientation Module is not a typical course module in several respects. First, it does not have a situational topic of its own, but rather leads into the situational topic of the following module — Biographic Information. Second, it teaches only a little Chinese grammar and vocabulary. Third, two of the associated resource modules (Pronunciation and Romanization, Numbers) are not optional; together with the Orientation Module, they are prerequisite to the rest of the course.

Upon successful completion of this module and the two associated resource modules, the student should: Distinguish the sounds and tones of Chinese well enough to he able to write the Hànyŭ Pīnyīn romanization for a syllable after hearing the syllable. Be able to pronounce any combination of sounds found in the words of the Target Lists when given a romanized syllable to read. (Although the entire sound system of Chinese is introduced in the module, the student is responsible for producing only sounds used in the Target Sentences for ORN. Producing the remaining sounds is included in the Objectives for Biographic Information,) Know the names and locations of five cities and five provinces of China veil enough to point out their locations on a map, and pronounce the names well enough to be understood by a Chinese. Comprehend the numbers 1 through 99 well enough to write them down when dictated, and be able to say them in Chinese when given English equivalents. Understand the Chinese system of using personal names, including the use of titles equivalent to "Mr. ,"Mrs. ," "Miss," and "Comrade." Be able to ask and understand questions about where someone is from. Be able to ask and understand questions about where someone is. Be able to give the English equivalents for all the Chinese expressions in the Target Lists. Be able to say all the Chinese expressions in the Target Lists when cued with English equivalents. Be able to take part in short Chinese conversations, based on the Target Lists, about how he is, who he is, and where he is from.

Orientation (ORN) Unit 1 1 C-l 1 p-l 1&2 D-l Unit 2 2 C-1 2 P-l Unit 3 3 C-l 3 P-l 3 D-l 3 C-2 3 P-2 Unit 4 4 C-l 4 P-l 4 D-l 4 C-2 4 P-2 Pronunciation and Romanization (P&R) P&R 1 P&R 2 P&R 3 P&R 4 P&R 5 P&R 6 Numbers NUM 1 NUM 2 NUM 3 NUM 4 Classroom Expressions (CE) CE 1

1. A: Nĭ shì shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? B: Wǒ shì Wáng Dànián. 我是王大年。 I am Wáng Dànián (Daniel King). A: Wǒ shì Hú Mĕilíng. 我是胡美玲。 I am Hú Mĕilíng. 2. A: Nĭ xìng shénme? 你姓什么？ What is your surname? B: Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng (King). A: Wǒ xìng Hú. 我姓胡。 My surname is Hú. 3. A: Tā shì shéi? 他/她是谁？ Who is He/she? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglĭ. 他是马明理。 He is Mǎ Mínglĭ. A: Tā shì Mǎ Xiānsheng. 他是马先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ. B: Tā shì Mǎ Tàitai. 她是马太太。 She is Mrs. Mǎ. A: Tā shì Mǎ Xiăojiě? 她是马小姐。 She is Miss Mǎ. B: Tā shì Mǎ Tóngzhì 他/她是马同 志。 He/she is Comrade Mǎ. 4. A: Wáng Xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 王先生,他是谁？ Mr. Wáng, who is he? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglĭ Xiānsheng. 他是马明理先 生。 He is Mr. Mǎ MÍnglĭ. 5. A: Xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 先生,她是谁？ Sir, who is she? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglĭ Tàitai. 她是马明理太 太。 She is Mrs. Mǎ Mínglĭ. 6. A: Tóngzhì, tā shì shéi? 同志,她是谁？ Comrade, who is she? B: Tā shì Fāng Bǎolán Tóngzhì. 她是方宝兰同 志。 She is Comrade Fāng Bǎolán.

1. A: Nĭ shì Wáng Xiānsheng ma? 你是王先生吗？ Are you Mr. Wáng? B: Wǒ shì Wáng Dànián. 我是王大年。 I am Wáng Dànián. A: Wǒ bú shì Wáng Xiānsheng. 我不是王先生。 I'm not Mr. Wáng. 2. A: Nĭ xìng Wáng ma? 你姓王吗？ Is your surname Wáng? B: Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng. A: Wǒ bú xìng Wáng. 我不姓王。 My surname isn't Wáng. 3. A: Nín guìxìng? 您贵姓？ Your surname? (POLITE) B: Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng. 4. A: Nĭ jiào shénme? 你叫什么？ What is your given name? B: Wǒ jiào Dànián. 我叫大年。 My given name is Dànián (Daniel). 5. A: Nĭ hăo ma? 你好吗？ How are you? B: Wǒ hăo. Nĭ ne? 我好。你呢？ I'm fine. And you? A: Hăo. Xièxie. 好。谢谢。 Fine, thank you. Additional required vocabulary (not presented on P-l and P-l tapes) 6. míngzi 名字 given name

1. A: Nĭ shì Měiguo rén ma? 你是美国人吗？ Are you an American? B: Shì. 是。 Yes (I am). B: Bú shì. 不是。 No (I'm not). 2. A: Nĭ shì Zhōngguo rén ma? 你是中国人吗？ Are you Chinese? B: Shì, wǒ shì Zhōngguo rén. 是，我是中国人。 Yes, I'm Chinese. B: Bú shì, wǒ bú shì Zhōngguo rén. 不是，我不是中国人。 No, I'm not Chinese. 3. A: Nĭ shì neǐguó rén? 你是哪国人？ What is your nationality? B: Wǒ shì Měiguo rén. 我是美国人。 I'm an American. B: Wǒ shì Zhōngguo rén. 我是中国人。 I'm Chinese. B: Wǒ shì Yīngguó rén. 我是英国人。 I'm English. 4. A: Nĭ shì nărde rén? 你是哪儿的人？ Where are you from? B: Wǒ shì Jiāzhōu rén. 我是加州人。 I'm a Californian. B: Wǒ shì Shànghǎi rén. 我是上海人。 I'm from Shanghai. Additional required vocabulary (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes) 5: Déguó 德国 Germany 6: Éguó: Mainland, Èguó: Taiwan Èguó (Éguó) 俄国 Russia 7: Fàguó (Făguó) 法国 France 8: Rìběn 日本 Japan

1. A: Āndésēn Xiānsheng, nǐ shì nărde rén? 安德森先生，你是哪儿的人？ Where are you from, Mr. Anderson? B: Wǒ shì Dézhōu rén. 我是德州人。 I'm from Texas. A: Āndésēn Fūren ne? 安德森夫人呢？ And Mrs. Anderson? B: Tā yĕ shì Dézhōu rén. 她也是德州人。 She is from Texas too. 2: A: Tā shì Yīngguó rén ma? 他是英国人吗？ Is he English? B: Bú shì, tā bú shì Yīngguó rén. 不是，他不是英国人。 No, he is not English. A: Tā àiren ne? 他爱人呢？ And his wife? B: Tā yĕ bú shì Yīngguó rén. 她也不是英国人。 She isn't English either. 3. A: Qĭngwèn, nǐ lăojiā zài nǎr? 请问，你老家在哪儿？ May I ask, where is your family from? B: Wǒ lăojiā zài Shāndōng. 我老家在山东。 My family is from Shāndōng 4. A: Qīngdăo zài zhèr ma? 青岛在这儿吗？ Is Qīngdăo here? (pointing to a map) B: Qīngdăo bú zài nàr, zài zhèr. 青岛不在那儿，在这儿。 Qīngdăo isn’t there; it’s here. (pointing to a map) 5. A: Nĭ àiren xiànzài zài nǎr? 你爱人现在在哪儿？ Where is your spouse now? B: Tā xiànzài zài Jiānádà. 她现在在见那大。 He/she is in Canada now. Additional required vocabulary (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes) 6. Learn the pronunciation and location of any five cities and five provinces of China found on the maps on pages 90-8l.

Questions and answers about full names and surnames. Titles and terms of address ("Mr. ," etc.).

(Be sure to complete these before starting the unit.) Background Notes P&R 1 (Tape 1 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization), the tones. P&R 2 (Tape 2 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization), the tones.

The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes. The drill tape (lD-l)

The C-l and P-l tapes are your introduction to the Chinese words and structures presented in each unit. The tapes give you explanations and practice on the new material. By the time you have worked through these two tapes, you will be competent in understanding and producing the expressions introduced in the unit. With the C-l tape, you learn to understand the new words and structures. The material is presented in short conversational exchanges, first with English translations and later with pauses which allow you to translate. Try to give a complete English translation for each Chinese expression. Your goal when using the C-l tape is to learn the meanings of all the words and structures as they are used in the sentences. With the P-l tape, you learn to put together these sentences. You learn to pronounce each new word and use each new structure. When the recorded instructions direct you to pronounce a word or say a sentence, do so out loud. It is important for you to hear yourself speaking Chinese, so that you will know whether you are pronouncing the words correctly. Making the effort to say the expression is a big part of learning it. It is one thing to think about how a sentence should be put together or how it should sound. It is another thing to put it together that way or make it sound that way. Your goal when using the P-l tape is to produce the Target List expressions in Chinese when given English equivalents. At the end of each P-l tape is a review of the Target List which you can go over until you have mastered the expressions. At times, you may feel that the material on a tape is being presented too fast. You may find that there is not enough time allowed for working out the meaning of a sentence or saying a sentence the way you want to. When this happens, stop the tape. If you want to, rewind; Use the control buttons on your machine to make the tape manageable for you most and to get the most out of it.

The Reference List and the Reference Notes are designed to be used before, during, or directly after work with the C-l and P-l tapes. The Reference List is a summary of the C-l and P-l tapes. It contains all sentences which introduce new material, shoving you both the Chinese sentences written in romanization and their English equivalents. You will find that the list is printed so that either the Chinese or the English can be covered to allow you to test yourself on comprehension, production, or romanization of the sentences. The Reference Notes give you information about grammar, pronunciation, and cultural usage. Some of these explanations duplicate what you hear on the C-l and P-l tapes. Other explanations contain new information. You may use the Reference List and Reference Notes in various ways. For example, you may follow the Reference Notes as you listen to a tape, glancing at an exchange or stopping to read a comment whenever you want to. Or you may look through the Reference Notes before listening to a tape, and then use the Reference List while you listen, to help you keep track of where you are. Whichever way you decide to use these parts of a unit, remember that they are reference materials. Don't rely on the translations and romanizations as subtitles for the C-l tape or as cue cards for the P-l tape, for this would rob you of your chance to develop listening and responding skills.

The drills help you develop fluency, ease of response, and confidence. You can go through the drills on your own, with the drill tapes, and the teacher may take you through them in class as well. Allow more than half an hour for a half-hour drill tape, since you will usually need to go over all or parts of the tape more than once to get full benefit from it. The drills include many personal names, providing you with valuable pronunciation practice. However, if you find the names more than you can handle the first time through the tape, replace them with the pronoun tā whenever possible. Similar substitutions are often possible with place names. Some of the drills involve sentences which you may find too long to understand or produce on your first try, and you will need to rewind for another try. Often, particularly the first time through a tape, you will find the pauses too short, and you will need to stop the tape to give yourself more time. The performance you should aim for with these tapes, however, is full comprehension and full, fluent, and accurate production while the tape rolls. The five basic types of drills are described below. Substitution Drills: The teacher (T) gives a pattern sentence which the student (S) repeats. Then the teacher gives a word or phrase (a cue) which the student substitutes appropriately in the original sentence. The teacher follows immediately with a new cue. T: Are you an American? S: Are you an American? T: (cue) English S: Are you English? T: (cue) French S: Are you French? Transformation Drills: On the basis of a model provided at the beginning of the drill, the student makes a certain change in each sentence the teacher says. T: I'm going to the bank. S: I'm not going to the bank. T: I'm going to the store. S: I'm not going to the store. Response Drills: On the basis of a model given at the beginning of the drill, the student responds to questions or remarks by the teacher as cued by the teacher. T: What is his name? (cue) Harris S: His name is Harris. T: What is her name? (cue) Noss S: Her name is Noss. Expansion Drills: The student adds something to a pattern sentence as cued by the teacher. T: He isn't Chinese, (cue) Japanese. S: He isn't Chinese. He's Japanese. T: She isn't German. (cue) French. S: She isn't German. She's French. Combination Drills: On the basis of a model given at the beginning of the drill, the student combines two phrases or sentences given by the teacher into a single utterance. T: I am reading a book. John gave me the book. S: I am reading a book which John gave me. T: Mary bought a picture. I like the picture. S: Mary bought a picture which I like.

1. A: Nǐ shì shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? B: Wǒ shì Wáng Dànián. 我是王大年。 I'm Wáng Dànián. 2. A: Nǐ shì shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? B: Wǒ shì Hú Měilíng. 我是胡美玲。 I'm Hú Měilíng. 3. A: Tā shì shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ 他是马明理。 He is Mǎ Mínglǐ. 4. A: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ. 他是马明理。 He is Mǎ Mínglǐ. B: Tā shì Hú Měilíng. 她是胡美玲。 She is Hú Měilíng. 5. A: Nǐ xìng shénme? 你姓什么？ What is your surname? B: Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng. 6. A: Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什么？ What is his surname? B: Tā xìng Mǎ. 他姓马。 His surname is Mǎ. 7. A: Tā shì shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? B: Tā shì Mǎ xiānsheng. 他是马先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ . 8. A: Tā shì shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ xiānsheng. 他是马明理先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ Mínglǐ. 9. A: Wáng xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 王先生，他是谁？ Mr. Wáng, who is he? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ xiānsheng. 他是马明理先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ Mínglǐ. 10. A: Xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 先生，他是谁？ Sir, who is he? B: Tā shì Mǎ xiānsheng 他是马先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ. 11. A: Xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 先生，她是谁？ Sir, who is she? B: Tā shì Mǎ tàitai. 她是马太太。 She is Mrs. Mǎ. 12. A: Wáng xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 王先生，她是谁？ Mr. Wáng, who is she? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ tàitai. 她是马明理太太。 She is Mrs. Mǎ Mínglǐ. 13. A: Wáng xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 王先生，她是谁？ Mr. Wáng, who is she? B: Tā shì Mǎ xiǎojiě. 她是马小姐。 She is miss Mǎ. 14. A: Tā shì shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ tóngzhì. 他是马明理同志。 He is comrade Mínglǐ. 15. A: Tóngzhì, tā shì shéi? 同志，她是谁？ Comrade, who is she? B: Tā shì Fāng Bǎolán. 她是方宝兰。 She is Fāng Bǎolán. 16. A: Tóngzhì, tā shì shéi? 同志，她是谁？ Comrade, who is she? B: Tā shì Fāng Bǎolán tóngzhì. 她是方宝兰同志。 She is comrade Fāng Bǎolán.

nĭ 你 you shéi 谁 who shénme 什么 what shì 是 to be tā 他，她，它 he, she, it tàitai 太太 Mrs. , wife, married woman, lady tóngzhì 同志 comrade wǒ 我 I xiānsheng 先生 Mr. , sir, husband, teacher xiǎojiě (xiǎojie) 小姐 Miss, lady, daughter (polite) xìng 姓 to be surnamed

1. A: Nǐ shi shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? B: Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián. 我是王大年。 I'm Wáng Dànián. 2. A: Nǐ shi shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? B: Wǒ shi Hú Měilíng. 我是胡美玲。 I'm Hú Měilíng. 3. A: Tā shi shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? B: Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ 他是马明理。 He is Mǎ Mínglǐ. 4. A: Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ. 他是马明理。 He is Mǎ Mínglǐ. B: Tā shi Hú Měilíng. 她是胡美玲。 She is Hú Měilíng. The verb shì means "to be" in the sense of "to be someone or something," as in "I am Daniel King." It expresses identity. (In Unit 4 you will learn a verb which means "to be" in another sense, "to be somewhere," as in "I am in Bĕijĭng." That verb expresses location.) The verb shi is in the Neutral tone (with no accent mark) except when emphasized. Unlike verbs in European languages, Chinese verbs do not distinguish first, second, and third persons. A single form serves for all three persons. Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián. I am Wáng Dànián. Nĭ shi Hú Měilíng. You are Hú Měilíng. Tā shi Mǎ MÍnglĭ. He is Mǎ MÍnglĭ. Later you will find that Chinese verbs do not distinguish singular and plural, either, and that they do not distinguish past, present, and future as such. You need to learn only one form for each verb. The pronoun tā is equivalent to both "he" and "she." (and it), but the writing is different: he ↠ 他 , she ↠ 她 , it ↠ 它. The question Nĭ shi shéi? is actually too direct for most situations, although it is all right from teacher to student or from student to student . (A more polite question is introduced in Unit 2.) Unlike English, Chinese uses the same word order in questions as in statements. Tā shi shéi? Who is he? Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ? He is Mǎ Mínglǐ. When you answer a question containing a question word like shéi. "who," simply replace the question word with the information it asks for.

5. A: Nǐ xìng shénme? 你姓什么？ What is your surname? B: Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng. 6. A: Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什么？ What is his surname? B: Tā xìng Mǎ. 他姓马。 His surname is Mǎ. Xìng is a verb, "to be surnamed." It is in the same position in the sentence as shì, "to be." Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián. I am Wáng Dànián. Wǒ xìng Wáng. I am surnamed Wáng. Notice that the question word shénme. "What," takes the same position as the question word shéi "who." Nĭ shi shéi? You are who? Nĭ xìng shénme? You are surnamed what? Shénme is the official spelling. However, the word is pronounced as if it were spelled shémma, or even shéma (often with a single rise in pitch extending over both syllables.) Before another word which begins with a consonant sound, it is usually pronounced as if it were spelled shém.

7. A: Tā shi shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? B: Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng. 他是马先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ . 8. A: Tā shi shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? B: Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ xiānsheng. 他是马明理先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ Mínglǐ. After the verb shì you may have the full name alone, the surname plus title, or the full name plus title. Tā shi Mǎ Mínglĭ Tā shi Mǎ Xiānsheng. Tā shi Mǎ Mínglĭ Xiānsheng. Xiānsheng, literally "first-born," has more of a connotation of respectfulness than "Mr. " Xiānsheng is usually applied only to people other than oneself. Do not use the title Xiānsheng (or any other respectful title, such as Jiàoshòu, "Professor" when giving your own name. If you want to say "I am Mr. Jones," you may say Wǒ xìng Jones. When a name and title name are said together, logically enough it is the name which gets the heavy stress: WÁNG Xiānsheng, You will often hear the title pronounced with no full tones: WÁNG Xiansheng.

9. A: Wáng xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 王先生，他是谁？ Mr. Wáng, who is he? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ xiānsheng. 他是马明理先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ Mínglǐ. 10. A: Xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 先生，他是谁？ Sir, who is he? B: Tā shì Mǎ xiānsheng 他是马先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ. 11. A: Xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 先生，她是谁？ Sir, who is she? B: Tā shì Mǎ tàitai. 她是马太太。 She is Mrs. Mǎ. 12. A: Wáng xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 王先生，她是谁？ Mr. Wáng, who is she? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ tàitai. 她是马明理太太。 She is Mrs. Mǎ Mínglǐ. When you address someone directly, use either the name plus the title or the title alone. Xiānsheng must be translated as "Sir" when it is used alone, since "Mr. " would not capture its respectful tone. (Tàitai, however, is less respectful when used alone. You should address Mrs. Mǎ as Mǎ tàitai.)

13. A: Wáng xiānsheng, tā shì shéi? 王先生，她是谁？ Mr. Wáng, who is she? B: Tā shì Mǎ xiǎojiě. 她是马小姐。 She is miss Mǎ. 14. A: Tā shì shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? B: Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ tóngzhì. 他是马明理同志。 He is comrade Mínglǐ. 15. A: Tóngzhì, tā shì shéi? 同志，她是谁？ Comrade, who is she? B: Tā shì Fāng Bǎolán. 她是方宝兰。 She is Fāng Bǎolán. 16. A: Tóngzhì, tā shì shéi? 同志，她是谁？ Comrade, who is she? B: Tā shì Fāng Bǎolán tóngzhì. 她是方宝兰同志。 She is comrade Fāng Bǎolán. See the Background Notes on Chinese Personal Names and Titles for tóngzhì. "Comrade," and the use of maiden names.

Cue Answer 1. Mǎ Mínglǐ 马明理 Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ 他是马明理。 He is Mǎ Mínglǐ. 2. Hú Měilíng 胡美玲 Tā shi Hú Měilíng 她是胡美玲。 She is Hú Měilíng. 3. Wáng Dànián 王大年 Tā shi Wáng Dànián 他是王大年。 He is Wáng Dànián. 4. Lǐ Shìmín 李世民 Tā shi Lǐ Shìmín 他是李世民。 He is Lǐ Shìmín. 5. Liú Lìróng 刘丽容 Tā shi Liú Lìróng 她是刘丽容。 She is Liú Lìróng. 6. Zhāng Bǎolán 张宝兰 Tā shi Zhāng Bǎolán. 她是张宝兰。 She is Zhāng Bǎolán.

When the cue is given by a male speaker, male students should respond. When the cue is given by a female speaker, female students should respond. Question Cue Answer 1. Nǐ shi shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? Wáng Dànián 王大年 Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián 我是王大年。 I am Wáng Dànián. 2. Nǐ shi shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? Hú Měilíng 胡美玲 Wǒ shi Hú Měilíng. 我是胡美玲。 I am Hú Měilíng. 3. Nǐ shi shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? Liú Shìmín 李世民 Wǒ shi Liú Shìmín. 我是李世民。 I am Liú Shìmín. 4. Nǐ shi shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? Chén Huìrán 陈蕙然 Wǒ shi Chén Huìrán. 我是陈蕙然。 I am Chén Huìrán. 5. Nǐ shi shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? Huáng Déxián 黄德贤 Wǒ shi Huáng Déxián. 我是黄德贤。 I am Huáng Déxián. 6. Nǐ shi shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? Zhào Wǎnrú 赵婉如 Wǒ shi Zhào Wǎnrú. 我是赵婉如。 I am Zhào Wǎnrú. 7. Nǐ shi shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? Jiǎng Bǐngyíng 蒋冰莹 Wǒ shi Jiǎng Bǐngyíng. 我是蒋冰莹。 I am Jiǎng Bǐngyíng. 8. Nǐ shi shéi? 你是谁？ Who are you? Gāo Yǒngpíng 局永平 Wǒ shi Gāo Yǒngpíng. 我是局永平。 I am Gāo Yǒngpíng.

Question Cue Answer 1. Tā shi shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? Mǎ xiānsheng 马先生 Mr. Mǎ Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng. 他是马先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ. 2. Tā shi shéi? 她是谁？ Who is she? Hú tàitai 胡太太 Mrs. Hú Tā shi Hú tàitai. 她是胡太太。 She is Mrs. Hú. 3. Tā shi shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? Máo xiānsheng 毛先生 Mr. Máo Tā shi Máo xiānsheng. 他是毛先生。 He is Mr. Máo. 4. Tā shi shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? Zhāng tóngzhì 张同志 Comrade Zhāng Tā shi Zhāng tóngzhì. 他是张同志。 He is Comrade Zhāng. 5. Tā shi shéi? 她是谁？ Who is she? Liú xiǎojiě 刘小姐 Miss Liú Tā shi Liú xiǎojiě. 她是刘小姐。 She is Miss Liú. 6. Tā shi shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? Mǎ xiānsheng 马先生 Mr. Mǎ Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng. 他是马先生 He is Mr. Mǎ. 7. Tā shi shéi? 她是谁？ Who is she? Zhào tàitai 赵太太 Mrs. Zhào Tā shi Zhào tàitai. 她是赵太太。 She is Mrs. Zhào.

Questions and answers about given names. Yes/no questions. Negative statement. Greetings.

P&R 3 and P&R 4 (Tapes 3 and 4 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization).

The C-1 and P-1 tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes. The 2D-1 tape.

1. A: Tā shì Wáng tàitai ma? 她是王太太，吗？ Is she Mrs. Wáng? B: Tā shì Wáng tàitai. 她是王太太。 she is Mrs. Wáng. 2. A: Nǐ shì Wáng xiānsheng ma? 你是王先生吗? Are you Mr. Wáng? B: Wǒ shì Wáng Dànián. 我是王大年。 I'm Wáng Dànián. 3. A: Nǐ shì Mǎ xiānsheng ma? 你是马先生吗？ Are you Mr. Mǎ. B: Wǒ shì Wáng Dànián. 我是王大年。 I'm Wáng Dànián. 4. A: Nǐ shì Mǎ xiānsheng ma? 你是马先生吗？ Are you Mr. Mǎ? B: Wǒ bú shì Mǎ xiānsheng. 我不是马先生。 I'm not Mr. Mǎ. 5. A: Wǒ shì Wáng Dànián. 我是王大年。 I am Wáng Dànián. B: Wǒ bú shì Wáng Dànián. 我不是王大年。 I am not Wáng Dànián. 6. A: Nǐ xìng Fāng ma? 你姓方吗？ Is your surname Fāng? B: Wǒ bú xìng Fāng 我不姓方。 My surname isn't Fāng. 7. A: Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng. B: Wǒ bú shì Wáng. 我不姓王。 My surname isn't Wáng. 8. A: Nǐ xìng Mǎ ma? 你姓马吗？ Is your surname Mǎ? B: Bú xìng Mǎ. Xìng Wáng. 不姓马。 (我)姓王。 My surname isn't Mǎ. My surname is Wáng. 9. A: Nín guìxìng? 您贵姓？ Your surname? (polite) B: Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng. 10. A: Nǐ jiào shénme? 你叫什么？ What is your given name? B: Wǒ jiào Dànián. 我叫大年。 My given name is Dànián. 11. A: Nǐ hǎo a? 你好阿？ How are you? B: Wǒ hǎo. 我好。 I'm fine. 12. A: Nǐ hǎo a? 你好阿？ How are you? B: Wǒ hǎo. Nǐ ne? 我好，你呢？ I'm fine. And you? A: Hǎo, xièxie. 好， 谢谢。 Fine, thanks.

a 阿 suffix added to the end of any sentence bù/bú 不 not bú shì  不是 not to be guìxìng 贵姓 honorable name hǎo 好 to be fine, to be well, ok, good jiào 叫 to be called, named ma 吗 question marker at the end of the sentence míngzi 名字 given name, full name ne 呢 question marker xièxie 谢谢 thank you

1. A: Tā shì Wáng tàitai ma? 她是王太太，吗？ Is she Mrs. Wáng? B: Tā shì Wáng tàitai. 她是王太太。 She is Mrs. Wáng. 2. A: Nǐ shì Wáng xiānsheng ma? 你是王先生吗？ Are you Mr. Wáng? B: Wǒ shì Wáng Dànián. 我是王大年。 I'm Wáng Dànián. 3. A: Nǐ shì Mǎ xiānsheng ma? 你是马先生吗？ Are you Mr. Mǎ. B: Wǒ shì Wáng Dànián. 我是王大年。 I'm Wáng Dànián. The marker ma may be added to any statement to turn it into a question which may be answered "yes" or "no," The reply to a yes/no question is commonly a complete affirmative or negative statement, although, as you will see later, the statement may be stripped down considerably.

4. A: Nǐ shì Mǎ xiānsheng ma? 你是马先生吗？ Are you Mr. Mǎ? B: Wǒ bú shì Mǎ xiānsheng. 我不是马先生。 I'm not Mr. Mǎ. 5. A: Wǒ shì Wáng Dànián. 我是王大年。 I am Wáng Dànián. B: Wǒ bú shì Wáng Dànián. 我不是王大年。 I am not Wáng Dànián. The negative of the verb shì, "to be," is bú shì, "not to be." The equivalent of "not" is the syllable bù. The tone for the syllable bù depends on the tone of the following syllable. When followed by a syllable with a High, Rising, or Low tone, a Falling tone is used (bù). When followed by a syllable with a Falling or Neutral tone, a Rising tone is used (bú). bù fēi (not to fly) bù féi (not to be fat) bù fěi (not to slander) bú fèi (not to waste) Almost all of the first few verbs you learn happen to be in the Falling tone, and so take bù. But remember that bù is the basic form. That is the form the syllable takes when it stands alone as a short "no" answer —bù— and when it is discussed, as in "bù means 'not'." Notice that even though shì, "to be," is usually pronounced in the Neutral tone in the phrase bú shi , the original Falling tone of shì still causes bù to "be pronounced with a Rising tone: bú. Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián. I am Wáng Dànián. Wǒ bú shi Mǎ Xiānsheng. I am not Mǎ Xiānsheng.

6. A: Nǐ xìng Fāng ma? 你姓方吗？ Is your surname Fāng? B: Wǒ bú xìng Fāng 我不姓方。 My surname isn't Fāng. 7. A: Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng. B: Wǒ bú shì Wáng. 我不姓王。 My surname isn't Wáng. 8. A: Nǐ xìng Mǎ ma? 你姓马吗？ Is your surname Mǎ? B: Bù xìng Mǎ. Xìng Wáng. 不姓马。 (我)姓王。 My surname isn't Mǎ. My surname is Wáng. It is quite common in Chinese —much commoner than in English— to omit the subject of a sentence when it is clear from the context.

9. A: Nín guìxìng? 您贵姓？ Your surname? (polite) B: Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng. Nín is the polite equivalent of nǐ, "you." Guìxìng is a polite noun, "surname." Guì means "honorable." Xìng which you have learned as the verb "to be surnamed" is in this case a noun, "surname." Literally, Nín guìxìng? is "Your surname?" The implied question is understood, and the "sentence" consists of the subject alone.

10. A: Nǐ jiào shénme? 你叫什么？ What is your given name? B: Wǒ jiào Dànián. 我叫大年。 My given name is Dànián. Jiào is a verb meaning "to be called." In a discussion of personal names, we can say that it means "to be given-named."

11. A: Nǐ hǎo a? 你好阿？ How are you? B: Wǒ hǎo. 我好 I'm fine. Notice that the Low tones of wǒ and nǐ change to Rising tones before the Low tone of hǎo: Ní hǎo a? hǎo. Hǎo is a verb: "to "be good" "to be well" "to be fine." Since it functions like the verb "to be" plus an adjective in English, we will call it an adjectival verb. Wǒ hǎo I am fine Nǐ hǎo a? You are fine ?

12. A: Nǐ hǎo a? 你好阿？ How are you? B: Wǒ hǎo. Nǐ ne? 我好，你呢？ I'm fine. And you? A: Hǎo, xièxie. 好， 谢谢。 Fine, thanks. The marker ne makes a question out of the single work nǐ, "you": "And you?" or "How about you?"

One way to ask what someone's given name is: Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi?

Statement Answer 1. Tā shi Wáng Xiānsheng. 他是王先生。 He is Mr. Wáng . Tā shi Wáng Xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生吗？ Is he Mr. Wáng? 2. Tā shi Hú Tàitai. 她是胡太太。 She is Mrs. Hú Tā shi Hú Tàitai ma? 她是胡太太吗？ Is she Mrs. Hú? 3. Tā shi Liú Tóngzhì. 他是刘同志 He is comrade Liú. Tā shi Liú Tóngzhì ma? 他是刘同志吗？ Is he comrade Liú? 4. Tā shi Zhāng Xiǎojiě. 她是张小姐 She is Miss Zhāng. Tā shi Zhāng Xiǎojiě ma? 她是张小姐吗？ Is she Miss Zhāng? 5. Tā Shi Mǎ Xiānsheng. 他是马先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ. Tā Shi Mǎ Xiānsheng ma? 他是马先生吗？ Is he Mr. Mǎ? 6. Tā shi Fāng Xiǎojiě. 她是方小姐。 She is Miss Fāng. Tā shi Fāng Xiǎojiě ma? 他是方小姐吗？ Is she Miss Fāng? 7. Tā shi Lín Tóngzhì. 他是林同志。 He is comrade Lín. Tā shi Lín Tóngzhì ma? 他是林同志吗？ Is he comrade Lín?

Statement Answer 1. Tā shi Wáng Xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生吗？ Is he Mr. Wáng? Shi. Tā shi Wáng Xiānsheng. 是。他是王先生。 Yes. He is Mr. Wáng. 2. Tā shi Zhào Tàitai ma? 她是赵太太吗？ Is she Mrs. Zhào? Shi. Tā shi Zhào Tàitai. 是。她是赵太太。 Yes. She is Mrs. Zhào. 3. Tā shi Chén Tóngzhì ma? 她是陈同志吗？ Is she comrade Chén? Shi. Ta shi Chén Tóngzhì. 是。她是陈同志。 Yes. She is comrade Chén. 4. Tā shi Liú Xiǎojiě ma? 她是刘小姐吗？ Is she Miss Liú? Shi. Tā shi Liú Xiǎojiě. 是。她是刘小姐。 Yes. She is Miss Liú. 5. Tā shi Sòng Xiānsheng ma? 他是宋先生吗？ Is he Mr. Sòng? Shi. Tā shi Sòng Xiānsheng. 是。他是宋先生。 Yes. He is Mr. Sòng. 6. Tā shi Sūn Tàitai ma? 她是孙太太吗？ Is she Mrs. Sūn? Shi. Tā shi Sūn Tàitai. 是。她是孙太太。 Yes. She is Mrs. Sūn. 7. Tā shi Zhāng Xiānsheng ma? 他是张先生吗？ Is he Mr. Zhāng? Shi. Tā shi Zhāng Xiānsheng. 是。他是张先生。 Yes. He is Mr. Zhāng.

Statement Cue Answer 1. Tā shi Wáng Xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生吗? Is he Mr. Wáng? Liú 刘 Bú shi. Tā shi Liú Xiānsheng. 不是。他是刘先生。 No. He is Mr. Liú . 2. Tā shi Gāo Xiǎojiě ma? 她是高小姐吗？ Is she Miss Gāo? Zhào 赵 Bú shi. Tā shi Zhào Xiǎojiě. 不是。她是赵小姐。 No. She is Miss Zhào. 3. Tā shi Huáng Tóngzhì ma? 她是黄同志吗？ Is she comrade Huáng? Wáng 王 Bú shi. Tā shi Wáng Tóngzhì. 不是。她是王同志。 No. She is comrade Wáng. 4. Tā shi Yáng Tàitai ma? 她是杨太太吗？ Is she Mrs. Yáng? Jiǎng 江 Bú shi. Tā shi Jiǎng Tàitai. 不是。她是江太太。 No. She is Mrs. Jiǎng. 5. Tā shi Mǎ Xiānsheng ma? 他是马先生吗？ Is he Mr. Mǎ? Máo 毛 Bú shi. Tā shi Máo Xiānsheng. 不是。他是毛先生。 No. He is Mr. Máo. 6. Tā shi Zhōu Xiǎojiě ma? 她是周小姐吗？ Is she Miss Zhōu? Zhào 赵 Bú shi.Tā shi Zhào Xiǎojiě. 不是。她是赵小姐。 No. She is Miss Zhào. 7. Tā shi Jiāng Xiānsheng ma? 他是江先生吗？ Is he Mr. Jiāng? Jiǎng 蒋 Bú shi. Tā shi Jiǎng Xiānsheng. 不是。他是蒋先生。 No. He is Mr. Jiǎng .

Statement Cue Answer 1. Tā shi Liú Tàitai ma? 她是刘太太吗？ Is she Mrs. Liú? Liú 刘 Shì. Tā shi Liú Tàitai. 是。她是刘太太。 Yes. She is Mrs. Liú. 2. Tā shi Liú Tàitai ma? 她是刘太太吗？ Is she Mrs. Liú? Huáng 黄 Bú shi. Tā shi Huáng Tàitai. 不是。她是黄太太。 No. She is Mrs. Huáng. 3. Tā shi Wáng Xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生吗？ Is he Mr. Wáng? Wáng 王 Shì. Tā shi Wáng Xiānsheng. 是。他是王先生。 Yes He is Mr. Wáng. 4. Tā shi Gāo Tàitai ma? 她是高太太吗？ Is she Mrs. Gāo? Zhào 赵 Bú shi. Tā shi Zhào Tàitai. 不是。她是赵太太。 No. She is Mrs. Zhào. 5. Tā shi Táng Xiǎojiě ma? 她是唐小姐吗？ Is she Miss Táng? Táng 唐 Shì. Tā shi Táng Xiǎojiě. 是。她是唐小姐。 Yes. She is Miss Táng. 6. Tā shi Huáng Xiānsheng ma? 她是黄先生吗？ Is he Mr. Huáng? Wáng 王 Bú shi. Tā shi Wáng Xiānsheng. 不是。他不是王先生。 No. He is Mr. Wáng. 7. Tā shi Zhāng Tàitai ma? 她是张太太吗？ Is she Mrs. Zhāng? Jiāng 江 Bú shì. Tā shi Jiāng Tàitai. 不是。她是江太太。 No. She is Mrs. Jiāng.

Statement Answer 1. Nǐ shi Zhāng Xiānsheng ma? 你是张先生吗？ Are you Mr. Zhāng ? Nǐ xìng Zhāng ma? 你姓张吗？ Is your surname Zhāng? 2. Nǐ shi Zhào Tàitai ma? 你是赵太太吗？ Are you Mrs. Zhào? Nǐ xìng Zhào ma? 你姓赵吗？ Is your surname Zhào? 3. Nǐ shi Jiǎng Xiǎojiě m? 你是蒋小姐吗？ Are you Miss Jiǎng? Nǐ xìng Jiǎng ma? 你姓蒋吗？ Is your surname Jiǎng? 4. Nǐ shi Liú Tóngzhì ma? 你是刘同志吗？ Are you Comrade Liú? Nǐ xìng Liú ma? 你姓刘吗？ Is your surname Liú? 5. Nǐ shi Sòng Tàitai ma? 你是宋太太吗？ Are you Mrs. Sòng? Nǐ xìng Sòng ma? 你姓宋吗？ Is your surname Sòng? 6. Nǐ shi Lǐ Xiānsheng ma? 你是李先生吗？ Are you Mr. Lǐ? Nǐ xìng Lǐ ma? 你姓李吗？ Is your surname Lǐ? 7. Nǐ shi Sūn Tóngzhì ma? 你是孙同志吗？ Are you Comrade Sūn? Nǐ xìng Sūn ma? 你姓孙吗？ Is your surname Sūn?

Statement Answer 1. Wǒ xìng Zhāng. 我姓张。 My surname is Zhāng. Wǒ bú xìng Zhāng. 我不姓张。 My surname is not Zhāng. 2. Wǒ xìng Chén. 我姓陈。 My surname is Chén. Wǒ bú xìng Chén. 我不姓陈。 My surname is not Chén. 3. Wǒ xìng Huáng. 我姓黄。 My surname is Huáng. Wǒ bú xìng Huáng. 我不姓黄。 My surname is not Huáng. 4. Wǒ xìng Gāo. 我姓高。 My surname is Gāo. Wǒ bú xìng Gāo. 我不姓局。 My surname is not Gāo. 5. Wǒ xìng Sūn. 我姓孙。 My surname is Sūn. Wǒ bú xìng Sūn. 我不姓孙。 My surname is not Sūn. 6. Wǒ xìng Zhāng. 我姓张。 My surname is Zhāng. Wǒ bú xìng Zhāng. 我不姓张。 My surname is not Zhāng. 7. Wǒ xìng Zhōu. 我姓周。 My surname is Zhōu. Wǒ bú xìng Zhōu. 我不姓周。 My surname is not Zhōu.

Statement Answer 1. Wǒ bú shi Lǐ Xiānsheng. 我不是李先生。 I'm not Mr. Lǐ. Wǒ bú xìng Lǐ. 我不姓李。 My surname is not Lǐ. 2. Wǒ bú shi Wáng Tàitai. 我不是王太太。 I'm not Mrs. Wáng. Wǒ bú xìng Wáng. 我不姓王。 My surname is not Wáng. 3. Wǒ bú shi Chén Xiānsheng. 我不是陈先生。 I'm not Mr. Chén. Wǒ bú xìng Chén. 我不姓陈。 My surname is not Chén. 4. Wǒ bú shi Lín Tóngzhì. 我不是林同志。 I'm not Comrade Lín. Wǒ bú xìng Lín. 我不姓林。 My surname is not Lín. 5. Wǒ bú shi Zhōu Xiǎojiě. 我不是周小姐。 I'm not Miss Zhōu. Wǒ bú xìng Zhōu. 我不姓周。 My surname is not Zhōu. 6. Wǒ bú shi Jiǎng Xiānsheng. 我不是蒋先生。 I'm not Mr. Jiǎng. Wǒ bú xìng Jiǎng. 我不姓蒋。 My surname is not Jiǎng. 7. Wǒ bú shi Sòng Tàitai. 我不是宋太太。 I'm not Mrs. Sòng. Wǒ bú xìng Sòng. 我不姓宋。 My surname is not Sòng.

Statement Cue Answer 1. Tā bú shi Wáng Xiānsheng. 他不是王先生。 He is not Mr. Wáng. Huáng 黄 Tā bú shi Wáng Xiānsheng, tā xìng Huáng. 他不是王先生，他姓黄。 He is not Mr. Wáng, his surname is Huáng. 2. Tā bú shi Jiǎng Tàitai. 她不是蒋太太。 She is not Mrs. Jiǎng. Jiāng 江 Tā bú shi Jiǎng Tàitai, tā xìng Jiāng. 她不是蒋太太，她姓江。 She is not Mrs. Jiǎng, her surname is Jiāng. 3. Tā bú shi Liú Tóngzhì. 他不是刘同志。 He is not comrade Liú. Lín 林 Tā bú shi Liú Tóngzhì, tā xìng Lín. 他不是刘同志，他姓林。 He is not comrade Liú, his surname is Lín. 4. Tā bú shi Sòng Xiǎojiě. 她不是宋小姐。 She is not Miss Sòng. Sūn 孙 Tā bú shi Sòng Xiǎojiě, tā xìng Sūn. 她不是宋小姐，她姓孙。 She is not Miss Sòng, her surname is Sūn. 5. Tā bú shi Zhào Xiānsheng. 他不是赵先生。 He is not Mr. Zhào. Zhōu 周 Tā bú shi Zhào Xiānsheng, tā xìng Zhōu. 他不是赵先生，他姓周。 He is not Mr. Zhào, his surname is Zhōu . 6. Tā bú shi Jiāng Tóngzhì. 他不是江同志。 He is not Comrade Jiāng. Zhāng 张 Tā bú shi Jiāng Tóngzhì, tā xìng Zhāng. 他不是江同志，他姓张。 He is not Comrade Jiāng, his surname is Zhāng. 7. Tā bú shi Sūn Tàitai. 她不是孙太太。 She is not Mrs. Sūn. Sòng 宋 Tā bú shi Sūn Tàitai, tā xìng Sòng. 她不是孙太太，她姓宋。 She is not Mrs. Sūn, her surname is Sòng.

Statement Cue Answer 1. Wǒ bú xìng Fāng. 我不姓方。 My surname is not Fāng. Hú 胡 Wǒ bú xìng Fāng, xìng Hú. 我不姓方。姓胡。 My surname is not Fāng, it's Hú. 2. Wǒ bú xìng Sūn. 我不姓孙。 My surname is not Sūn. Sòng 宋 Wǒ bú xìng Sūn, xìng Sòng. 我不姓孙，姓宋。 My surname is not Sūn, it's Sóng. 3. Wǒ bú xìng Yáng. 我不姓杨。 My surname is not Yáng. Táng 唐 Wǒ bú xìng Yáng, xìng Táng. 我不姓杨，姓唐。 My surname is not Yáng, it's Táng. 4. Wǒ bú xìng Jiǎng. 我不姓蒋。 My surname is not Jiǎng. Zhāng 张 Wǒ bú xìng Jiǎng, xìng Zhāng. 我不姓蒋，姓张。 My surname is not Jiǎng, it's Zhāng. 5. Wǒ bú xìng Zhōu. 我不姓周。 My surname is not Zhōu. Zhào 赵 Wǒ bú xìng Zhōu, xìng Zhào. 我不姓周，姓赵。 My surname is not Zhōu, it's Zhào. 6. Wǒ bú xìng Wáng. 我不姓王。 My surname is not Wáng. Huáng 黄 Wǒ bú xìng Wáng, xìng Huáng. 我不姓王，姓黄。 My surname is not Wáng, it's Huáng. 7. Wǒ bú xìng Jiāng. 我不姓江。 My surname is not Jiāng. Jiǎng 蒋 Wǒ bú xìng Jiāng, xìng Jiǎng. 我不姓江，姓蒋。 My surname is not Jiāng, it's Jiǎng.

Statement Cue Answer 1. Tā shì Wáng xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生吗？ Is he Mr. Wáng? Wáng 王 Shì. Tā shì Wáng xiānsheng . 是。他是王先生。 Yes. He is Mr. Wáng 2. Tā shì Wáng xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生吗？ Is he Mr. Wáng? Huáng 黄 Tā bú shì Wáng xiānsheng, tā xìng Huáng. 他不是王先生， 他姓黄。 His is not Mr. Wáng. His surname is Huáng. 3. Tā shì Liú tàitai ma? 她是刘太太吗？ Is she Mrs. Liú? Lín 林 Tā bú shì Liú tàitai. Tā xìng Lín. 她不是刘太太。她姓林。 She is not Mrs. Liú. Her surname is Lín. 4. Tā shì Chén xiǎojiě ma? 她是陈小姐吗？ Is she Miss Chén? Chén 陈 Tā shì Chén xiǎojiě. 她是陈小姐。 She is Miss Chén. 5. Tā shì Máo xiānsheng ma? 他是毛先生吗？ Is he Mr. Máo? Máo 毛 Tā shì Máo xiānsheng. 他是毛先生。 He is Mr. Máo. 6. Tā shì Jiāng tóngzhì ma? 他是江同志吗？ Is He/she Comrade Jiāng? Zhāng 张 Tā bú shì Jiāng tóngzhì. Tā xìng Zhāng. 他不是江同志。 他姓张。 He/she isn't Comrade Jiāng. His/her surname is Zhāng. 7. Tā shì Sòng tàitai ma? 她是宋太太吗？ Is she Mrs. Sòng? Sòng 宋 Tā shì Sòng tàitai. 她是宋太太。 She is Mrs. Sòng. 8. Tā shì Lǐ xiānsheng ma? Is he Mr. Lǐ? 他是李先生吗？ Wáng 王 Tā bú shì Lǐ xiānsheng. Tā xìng Wáng. 他不是李先生。他姓王。 He isn't Mr. Lǐ. His surname is Wáng.

Statement Answer part1 Answer part 2 1. Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng. Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什么？ What is his surname? Tā xìng Wáng. 他姓王。 His surname is Wáng. 2. Wǒ xìng Chén. 我姓陈。 My surname is Chén. Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什么？ What is his surname? Tā xìng Chén. 他姓陈。 His surname is Chén. 3. Wǒ xìng Liú. 我姓刘。 My surname is Liú. Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什么？ What is his surname? Tā xìng Liú. 他姓刘。 His surname is Liú. 4. Wǒ xìng Huáng. 我姓黄。 My surname is Huáng. Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什么？ What is his surname? Tā xìng Huáng. 他姓黄。 His surname is Huáng. 5. Wǒ xìng Sòng. 我姓宋。 My surname is Sòng. Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什么？ What is his surname? Tā xìng Sòng. 他姓宋。 His surname is Sòng. 6. Wǒ xing Lǐ. 我姓李。 My surname is Lǐ. Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什么？ What is his surname? Tā xìng Lǐ. 他姓李。 His surname is Lǐ. 7. Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng. Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什么？ What is his surname? Tā xìng Wáng. 他姓王。 His surname is Wáng.

Statement Answer part 1 Answer part 2 1. Wǒ xìng Wáng jiào Dànián. 我姓王叫大年。 My surname is Wáng, and my given name is Dànián. Nǐ xìng Wáng jiào shénme? 你姓王叫什么？ Your surname is Wáng, and what is your given name? Dànián. 大年。 2. Wǒ xìng Hú　jiào Mĕilíng. 我姓胡叫美玲。 My surname is Hú, and my given name is Mĕilíng. Nǐ xìng Hú　jiào shénme? 你姓胡叫什么？ Your surname is Hú, and what is your given name? Mĕilíng. 美玲。 3. Wǒ xìng Lǐ　jiào Shìyīng. 我姓李叫世英。 My surname is Lǐ, and my given name is Shìyīng. Nǐ xìng Lǐ　jiào shénme? 你姓李叫什么？ Your surname is Lǐ, and what is your given name? Shìyīng. 世英。 4. Wǒ xìng Fāng jiào Bǎolán. 我姓方叫宝兰。 My surname is Fāng, and my given name is Bǎolán. Nǐ xìng Fāng jiào shénme? 你姓方叫什么？ Your surname is Fāng, and what is your given name? Bǎolán. 宝兰。 5. Wǒ xìng Sūn　jiào Déxián. 我姓孙叫德贤。 My surname is Sūn, and my given name is Déxián. Nǐ xìng Sūn　jiào shénme? 你姓孙叫什么？ Your surname is Sūn, and what is your given name? Déxián. 德贤。 6. Wǒ xìng Chén　jiào Huìrán. 我姓陈叫蕙然。 My surname is Chén, and my given name is Huìrán. Nǐ xìng Chén　jiào shénme? 你姓陈叫什么？ Your surname is Chén, and what is your given name? Huìrán. 蕙然。 7. Wǒ xìng Zhāng　jiào Zhènhàn. 我姓张叫振汉。 My surname is Zhāng, and my given name is Zhènhàn. Nǐ xìng Zhāng　jiào shénme? 你姓张叫什么？ Your surname is Zhāng, and what is your given name? Zhènhàn. 振汉。

Statement Answer 1. Tā xìng Chén. Tā jiào Bǎolán. 他姓陈。他叫宝兰。 Her surname is Chén. Her given name is Bǎolán. Tā xìng Chén, jiào Bǎolán. 他姓陈，叫宝兰。 Her surname is Chén, given name Bǎolán. 2. Tā xìng Lǐ. Tā jiào Mínglĭ. 他姓李。他叫明理。 Her surname is Lǐ. Her given name is Mínglĭ. Tā xìng Lǐ, jiào Mínglĭ. 他姓李，叫明理。 Her surname is Lǐ, given name Mínglĭ. 3. Tā xìng Hú. Tā jiào Bǎolán. 他姓胡。他叫宝兰。 Her surname is Hú. Her given name is Bǎolán. Tā xìng Hú, jiào Bǎolán. 他姓胡，叫宝兰。 Her surname is Hú, given name Bǎolán. 4. Tā xìng Jiāng. Tā jiào Déxián. 他姓江。他叫德贤。 Her surname is Jiāng. Her given name is Déxián. Tā xìng Jiāng, jiào Déxián. 他姓江，叫德贤。 Her surname is Jiāng, given name Déxián. 5. Tā xìng Zhōu. Tā jiào Zǐyàn. 他姓周。他叫紫燕。 Her surname is Zhōu. Her given name is Zǐyàn. Tā xìng Zhōu, jiào Zǐyàn. 他姓周，叫紫燕。 Her surname is Zhōu, given name Zǐyàn. 6. Tā xìng Zhāng. Tā jiào Tíngfēng. 他姓张。他叫廷峰。 Her surname Zhāng. Her given name is Tíngfēng. Tā xìng Zhāng, jiào Tíngfēng. 他姓张，叫廷峰。 Her surname is Zhāng, given name Tíngfēng. 7. Tā xìng Chén. Tā jiào Huìrán. 他姓陈。他叫蕙然。 Her surname is Chén. Her given name is Huìrán. Tā xìng Chén, jiào Huìrán. 他姓陈，叫蕙然。 Her surname is Zhāng, given name Huìrán.

Nationality. Home state, province, and city.

P&R 5 and P&R 6 (Tapes 5 and 8 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization.) NUM 1 and NUM 2 (Tapes 1 and 3 of the resource module on Numbers), the numbers from 1 to 10.

The C-1 and P-1 tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes. The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the workbook. The 3D-1 tape.

1. A: Nǐ shì Měiguó rén ma? 你是美国人吗？ Are you American? B: Wǒ shì Měiguó rén. 我是美国人。 I'm American. 2. A: Nǐ shì Zhōngguó rén ma? 你是中国人吗？ Are you Chinese? B: Wǒ shì Zhōngguó rén. 我是中国人。 I'm Chinese. 3. A: Wáng xiānsheng, nǐ shì Yīngguó rén ma? 王先生，你是英国人吗 ？ Mr. Wáng, are you English? B: Wǒ bú shì Yīngguó rén. 我不是英国人。 I'm not English. 4. A: Nǐ shì Zhōngguó rén ma? 你是中国人吗？ Are you Chinese? B: Bú shì. 不是。 No. A: Nǐ shì Měiguó rén ma? 你是美国人吗？ Are you American? B: Shì. 是。 Yes, I'm. 5. A: Mǎ xiǎojiě shì Měiguo rén ma? 马小姐是美国人吗？ Is Miss Mǎ an American? B: Bú shì, tā bú shì Měiguó rén. 不是，他不是美国人。 No, she is not an American. A: Tá shì Zhōngguó rén ma? 他是中国人吗？ Is she Chinese? B: Shì, tā shì Zhōngguó rén. 是， 他是中国人。 Yes, she is Chinese. 6. A: Nǐ shì něiguó rén? 你是哪国人？ What is your nationality? B: Wǒ shì Měiguó rén. 我是美国人。 I'm American. 7. A: Tā shì něiguó rén? 他是哪国人？ What is his nationality? B: Tā shì Yīngguó rén. 他是英国人。 He is English. 8. A: Nǐ shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where are you from? B: Wǒ shì Shànghǎi rén. 我是上海人。 I'm from Shànghǎi. 9. A: Tā shì Fāng Bǎolánde xiānsheng. 他是方宝兰的先生。 He is Fāng Bǎolán's husband. 10. A: Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? B: Tā shì Shāndōng rén. 他是山东人。 He's from Shāndōng. 11. A: Nǐ shì nǎrde rén? 你是哪儿的人？ Where are you from? B: Wǒ shì Jiāzhōu rén. 我是加州人。 I'm Californian. 12. A: Nǐ shǐ Měiguó rén ma? 你是美国人吗？ Are you an American? B: Nǐ shì něiguó rén? 你是哪国人？ What's your nationality? A: Nǐ shì nǎrde rén? 你是哪儿的人？ Where are you from?

Èguó Éguó 德国 Russia -de 的 possessive marker Déguó 德国 Germany Fàguó Fǎguó 法国 France Jiāzhōu 加州 California Měiguó 美国 America, United States nǎr 哪儿 where? něi- 哪 which? něiguó 哪国 which country? rén 人 person Rìběn 日本 Japan Shāndōng 山东 a province name Shànghǎi 上海 a city name Yīngguó 英国 England Zhōngguó 中国 China

1. A: Nǐ shì Měiguó rén ma? 你是美国人吗？ Are you American? B: Wǒ shì Měiguó rén. 我是美国人。 I'm American. 2. A: Nǐ shì Zhōngguó rén ma? 你是中国人吗？ Are you Chinese? B: Wǒ shì Zhōngguó rén. 我是中国人。 I'm Chinese. 3. A: Wáng xiānsheng, nǐ shì Yīngguó rén ma? 王先生，你是英国人吗 ？ Mr. Wáng, are you English? B: Wǒ bú shì Yīngguó rén. 我不是英国人。 I'm not English. Rén is a noun, "person" or ''persons"; so Měiguó rén is a noun phrase, literally "American person." Sometimes, however, it is preferable or necessary to translate expressions of this sort as adjectives or prepositional phrases. Tā shi Meǐguó rén . 他是美国人。 He is an American (noun phrase) Tā shi Zhōngguó rén. 他是中国人。 He is Chinese (adjective) Tā shi Shāndōng rén. 他是山东人。 Hi is from Shāndōng. (prepositional phrase) Although Měiguó rén is translated here as "an American," in other contexts it may be translated as "the American," "American," or "the Americans." Later you will learn the various ways to indicate in Chinese whether a noun is definite or indefinite, singular or plural. The syllable -guó usually loses its tone in expressions like Měiguó rén. (some speakers drop the tone when the word stands alone: Měiguo.)

4. A: Nǐ shì Zhōngguó rén ma? 你是中国人吗？ Are you Chinese? B: Bú shì. 不是。 No. A: Nǐ shì Měiguó rén ma? 你是美国人吗？ Are you American? B: Shì. 是。 Yes, I'm. 5. A: Mǎ xiǎojiě shì Měiguo rén ma? 马小姐是美国人吗？ Is Miss Mǎ an American? B: Bú shì, tā bú shì Měiguó rén. 不是，他不是美国人。 No, she is not an American. A: Tá shì Zhōngguó rén ma? 他是中国人吗？ Is she Chinese? B: Shì, tā shì Zhōngguó rén. 是， 他是中国人。 Yes, she is Chinese. The short "yes" answer shì is really the verb "am" of the longer, more complete answer. The short "no" answer bú shì is really the "am not" of the longer answer. It is possible to reduce a "no" answer to bù (note the Falling tone), but polite usage requires that you follow it up with a more complete answer. Both the short answers shì and bú shì are commonly followed by complete answers.

6. A: Nǐ shì něiguó rén? 你是哪国人？ What is your nationality? B: Wǒ shì Měiguó rén. 我是美国人。 I'm American. 7. A: Tā shì něiguó rén? 他是哪国人？ What is his nationality? B: Tā shì Yīngguó rén. 他是英国人。 He is English. Něi- is the question word "which." It is a bound word —a word which cannot stand alone— not a free word. něi- guo rén which country person Notice that the syllable -guó, "country," in the phrase něiguó rén may lose its rising tone.

8. A: Nǐ shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where are you from? B: Wǒ shì Shànghǎi rén. 我是上海人。 I'm from Shànghǎi. 9. A: Tā shì Fāng Bǎolánde xiānsheng. 他是方宝兰的先生？ He is Fāng Bǎolán's husband. 10. A: Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? B: Tā shì Shāndōng rén. 他是山东人。 He's from Shāndōng. 11. A: Nǐ shì nǎrde rén? 你是哪儿的人？ Where are you from? B: Wǒ shì Jiāzhōu rén. 我是加州人。 I'm Californian. nǎr is the question word " where." The syllable de is the possessive marker; it functions like the English possessive ending -'s. nǎr -de rén where 's person By reversing the word order, a slightly more idiomatic translation is possible: "a person of where." The closest English equivalent is "a person from where." To clarify the role of -de in this expression, the tape gives the following example of -de functioning like the English possessive ending -'s: Fāng Bǎolán -de xiānsheng Fāng Bǎolán 's husband

12. A: Nǐ shǐ Měiguó rén ma? 你是美国人吗？ Are you an American? B: Nǐ shì něiguó rén? 你是哪国人？ What's your nationality? A: Nǐ shì nǎrde rén? 你是哪儿的人？ Where are you from?

Statement Answer 1. Tā shì Zhōngguó rén ma? 他是中国人吗？ Is he Chinese? Tā shì Zhōngguó rén. 他是中国人。 He is Chinese. 2. Tā shì Rìběn rén ma? 他是日本人吗？ Is he Japanese? Tā shì Rìběn rén. 他是日本人。 He is Japanese. 3. Tā shì Zhōngguó rén ma? 他是中国人吗？ Is he Chinese? Tā shì Zhōngguó rén. 他是中国人。 He is Chinese. 4. Tā shì Měiguó rén ma? 他是美国人吗？ Is he American? Tā shì Měiguó rén. T阿是美国人。 He is American. 5. Tā shì Déguo rén ma? 他是德国人吗？ Is he German. Tā shì Déguo rén. 他是德国人。 He is German. 6. Tā shì Jiānádà rén ma? T阿斯加拿大人吗？ Is he Canadian? Tā shì Jiānádà rén. 他是加拿大人。 He is Canadian. 7. Tā shì Fàguo rén ma? 他是法国人吗？ Is he French. Tā shì Fàguo rén. 他是法国人。 He is French.

Statement Cue Answer 1. Tā shì Jiānádà rén ma? 他是加拿大人吗？ Is he Canadian? Yīngguó England 英国 Tā bú shì Jiānádà rén. Shì Yīngguó　rén. 他不是加拿大人。他是英国人。 He not Canadian. He is English. 2. Tā shì Rìběn rén ma? 他是日本人吗？ Is he Japanese? Zhōngguó China 中国 Tā bú shì Rìběn rén. Shì Zhōngguó rén. 他不是日本人。他是中国人。 He is not Japanese. He is Chinese. 3. Tā shì Yīngguó rén ma? 他是英国人吗？ Is he English? Měiguó America 美国 Tā bú shì Yīngguó rén. Shì Měiguó ren. 他不是英国人。他是美国人。 He is not English. He is American. 4. Tā shì Měiguó rén ma? 他是美国人吗？ Is he American? Jiānádà Canada 加拿大 Tā bú shì Měiguó rén, Shì Jiānádà rén. 他不是美国人。他是加拿大人。 He is not American. He is Canadian. 5. Tā shì Èguó rén ma? 他是俄国人吗？ Is he Russian? Déguó Germany 德国 Tā bú shì èguó rén. Shì Déguó rén. 他不是俄国人。他是德国人。 He is not Russian. He is German . 6. Tā shì Yuènán rén ma? 他是越南人吗？ Is he Vietnamese? Zhōngguó China 中国 Tā bú shì Yuènán rén. Shì Zhōngguó rén. 他不是越南人。他是中国人。 He is not Vietnamese. He is Chinese. 7. Tā shì Fàguó rén ma? 他是法国人吗？ Is he French? Yīngguó England 英国 Tā bú shì Fàguó rén. Shì Yīngguó ren. 他不是法国人。他是英国人。 He is not French. He is English.

Statement Cue Answer 1. Tā shì něiguo rén? 他是哪国人？ What is his nationality? Fàguó France 法国 Tā shì Fàguó rén. 他是法国人。 He is French. 2. Tā shì něiguo rén? 他是哪国人？ What is his nationality? Zhōngguó China 中国 Tā shì Zhōngguó rén. 他是中国人。 He is Chinese. 3. Tā shì něiguo rén? 他是哪国人？ What is his nationality? Měiguó America 美国 Tā shì Měiguó rén. 他是美国人。 He is American. 4. Tā shì něiguo rén? 他是哪国人？ What is his nationality? Jiānádà Canada 加拿大 Tā shì Jiānádà rén. 他是加拿大人。 He is Canadian. 5. Tā shì něiguo rén? 他是哪国人？ What is his nationality? Rìběn Japan 日本 Tā shì Rìběn rén. 他是日本人。 He is Japanese. 6. Tā shì něiguo rén? 他是哪国人？ What is his nationality? Èguó Russian 俄国 Tā shì Èguó rén. 他是俄国人。 He is Russian. 7. Tā shì něiguo rén? 他是哪国人？ What is his nationality? Déguó German 德国 Tā shì Déguó rén. 他是德国人。 He is German.

Statement Cue Answer 1. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? Běijīng 北京 Tā shì Běijīng rén. 他是北京人。 He is from Běijīng. 2. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? Shánghǎi 上海 Tā shì Shánghǎi rén. 他是上海人。 He is from Shánghǎi. 3. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? Chángshā 长沙 Tā shì Chángshā rén. 他是长沙人。 He is from Chángshā. 4. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? Táizhōng 台中 Tā shì Táizhōng rén. 他是台中人。 He is from Táizhōng. 5. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? Táiběi 台北 Tā shì Táiběi rén. 他是台北人。 He is from Táiběi. 6. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? Tiānjīng 天津 Tā shì Tiānjīng rén. 他是天津人。 He is from Tiānjīng. 7. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? Běijīng 北京 Tā shì Běijīng rén. 他是北京人。 He is from Běijīng.

Statement Answer 1. Tā shì Běijīng rén. 他是北京人。 He is from Běijīng. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? 2. Tā shì Zhōngguó rén. 他是中国人。 He is from China. Tā shì něiguó rén? 他是哪国人？ Where is he from? 3. Tā shì Jiānádà ren. 他是加拿大人。 He is from Canada. Tā shì něiguó rén? 他是哪国人？ Where is he from? 4. Tā shì Táiběi rén. 他是台北人。 He is from Táiběi. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? 5. Tā shì Shànghǎi rén. 他是上海人。 He is from Shànghǎi. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? 6. Tā shì Yīngguó rén. 他是英国人。 He is from England. Tā shì něiguó rén? 他是哪国人？ Where is he from? 7. Tā shì Měiguó rén. 他是美国人。 He is from America. Tā shì něiguó rén? 他是哪国人？ Where is he from? 8. Tā shì Táizhōng rén. 他是台中人。 He is from Táizhōng. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from?

1. Tā shì Lǐ tàitai. 她是李太太。 She is Mrs. Lǐ. Tā bú shì Lǐ tàitai. 她不是李太太。 She is not Mrs. Lǐ. 2. Tā xìng Gāo. 他姓高。 Her surname is Gāo. Tā bú xìng Gāo. 他不姓高。 Her surname is not Gāo. 3. Tā shì Táiběi rén. 她是台北人。 Hi is from Táiběi. Tā bú shì Táiběi rén. 她不是台北人。 Hi is not from Táiběi. 4. Tā xìng Liú. 他姓刘。 Her surname is Liú. Tā bú xìng Liú. 他不姓刘。 Her surname is not Liú. 5. Tā shì Měiguó rén. 她是美国人。 She is American. Tā bú shì Měiguó rén. 她不是美国人。 She is not American. 6. Tā shì Jiānádà rén. 她是加拿大人。 She is Canadian. Tā bú shì Jiānádà rén. 她不是加拿大人。 She is not Canadian.

Statement Answer 1. Tā xìng Hú. 他姓胡。 His surname is Hú. Tā xìng Hú ma? 他姓胡吗？ Is his surname Hú? 2. Tā shì Běijīng rén. 他是北京人。 He is from Běijīng. Tā shì Běijīng rén ma? 他是北京人吗？ Is he from Běijīng? 3. Tā shì Wáng Dànián. 他是王大年。 He is Wáng Dànián. Tā shì Wáng Dànián ma? 他是王大年吗？ Is he Wáng Dànián? 4. Tā xìng Lín. 他姓林。 Her surname is Lín. Tā xìng Lín ma? 他姓林吗？ Is her surname Lín? 5. Tā shì Zhōngguó rén. 他是中国人。 She is Chinese. Tā shì Zhōngguó rén ma? 他是中国人吗？　 Is she Chinese?

1. Tā xìng Zhāng. 他姓张。 His surname is Zhāng. Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什么？　 What's his surname? 2. Tā shì Běijīng rén. 他是北京人。 He is from Běijīng. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? 3. Tā shì Wáng Dànián. 他是王大年。 He is Wáng Dànián. Tā shì shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he? 4. Tā shì Rìběn rén. 他是日本人。 He is Japanese. Tā shì něiguó rén? 他是哪国人？ What is his nationality? 5. Tā shì Shāndōng rén. 他是山东人。 He is from Shāndōng. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他是哪儿的人？ Where is he from? 6. Tā shì Chén tōngzhì. 他是陈同志。 He is comrade Chén. Tā shì shéi? 他是谁？ Who is he?

Location of people and places. Where people's families are from.

NUM 3 and NUM 4 (Tapes 3 and 4 of the resource module on Numbers.) CE 1, on Classroom Expressions.

The C-1 and P-1 tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes. The C-2 and P-2 tapes , the workbook. The 4D-1 tape.

1. A: Qǐngwèn, nǐ shì nǎrde rén? 请问， 你是哪儿的人？ May I ask, where are you from? B: Wǒ shì Dézhōu rén. 我是德州人。 I'm from Texas. 2. A: Qǐngwèn, Āndésen fūren shì nǎrde rén? 请问，安德森夫人是哪儿的人? May I ask, where is Mrs. Andersen from? B: Tā shì Dézhōu rén. 她是德州人。 She is from Texas too. 3. A: Tā shì Yīngguó rén ma? 她是英国人吗？ Is he English? B: Bú shì, tā bú shì Yīngguó rén. 不是，他不是英国人。 No, he is not English. A: Tā àiren ne? 他爱人呢？ And his wife? B: Tā yě bú shì Yīngguó rén. 她也不是英国人。 She isn't English either. 4. A: Qǐngwèn, Qīngdǎo zài nǎr? 请问，青岛在哪儿？ May I ask, where is Qīngdǎo? B: Qīngdǎo zài Shāndōng. 青岛在山东。 Qīngdǎo is in Shāndōng. 5. A: Qǐngwèn, nǐ lǎojiā zài nǎr? 请问， 你老家在哪儿？ May I ask, where is your family from? B: Wǒ lǎojiā zài Āndàlüè. 我老家在安大略。 My family is from Ontario. B: Wǒ lǎojiā zài Shāndōng. 我老家在山东。 My family is from Shāndōng. 6. A: Chén Shìmín tóngzhì zài nǎr? 陈世民同志在哪儿？ Where is comrade Chén Shìmín? B: Tā zài nàr. 他在那儿。 He's there. 7. A: Qīngdǎo zài nǎr? 青岛在哪儿？ Where is Qīngdǎo? B: Zài zhèr. 在这儿。 It's here. 8. A: Nǐ àiren xiànzài zài nǎr? 你爱人现在在哪儿？ Where is your wife now? B: Wǒ àiren xiànzài zài Jiānádà. 我爱人现在在加拿大。 My wife is in Canada now.

àiren 爱人 spouse Āndàlüè 安大略 Ontario Dézhōu 德州 Texas fūren 夫人 Lady, Madame, Mrs. , wife (of a high ranking person) Jiānádà 加拿大 Canada lǎojiā 老家 original home nàr (nèr) 那儿 there Qīngdǎo 青岛 a city name Qǐngwèn 请问 May I ask? xiànzài 现在 now yě 也 also, too, either zài 在 to be in/at/one zhèr 这儿 here Additional required vocabulary not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes. Learn the pronunciation and location of any five cities and five provinces of China on the maps on page 80-81.

1. A: Qǐngwèn, nǐ shì nǎrde rén? 请问，你是哪儿的人？ May I ask, where are you from? B: Wǒ shì Dézhōu rén. 我是德州人。 I'm from Texas. Qǐngwèn: Literally, qǐng means "request," and wèn means "ask (for information)." Qǐngwèn is used as English speakers use "excuse me," to get someone's attention in order to ask him a question. Qǐngwèn is NOT the word used for saying "excuse me" when you step on some­one's foot. For that, you say duìbuqǐ .

2. A: Qǐngwèn, Āndésen fūren shì nǎrde rén? 请问，安德森夫人是哪儿的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Andersen from? B: Tā yě shì Dézhōu rén. 他是德州人。 She is from Texas too. Names: In the People's Republic, a foreigner is known by the standard phonetic equivalent of his full name. His given name is followed by his surname, which is followed by the appropriate title, Mr. David Anderson will be called Dàiwèi Āndésèn Xiānsheng . In Taiwan, there is no set way of giving names to foreigners. Sometimes, as in the PRC, a phonetic equivalent of the full name is used (though there are no standard versions). Sometimes, the equivalent is based entirely on the surname. Mr. Anderson, for instance, might be Ān Désēn Xiānsheng . The surname may also be translated, as when "King" is translated into Wáng. It is also common to base the Chinese surname on the first syllable of the original surname, and the Chinese given name on something else (often the original given name). In Taiwan, Dàwèi is a common phonetic equivalent for "David." "Mr. David Anderson," therefore, might be Ān Dàwèi Xiānsheng . Here is a chart of SOME of the Chinese names that might be given to Mr. David Anderson. Dàwéi Āndésēn Xiānsheng Ān Désēn Xiānsheng Ān Dàwèi Xiānsheng Titles: In the PRC, a foreign man is addressed as Xiānsheng, and a married woman as either Fūren or Taìtai, depending on her status. The term Fūren is an especially respectful term used to address the wife of a high-ranking official or businessman. Fūren is also used this way on Taiwan. An unmarried foreign woman in the PRG may be addressed as xiǎojiě "Miss." Married or unmarried women may be addressed as Nǚshì. or "Ma'am." Nǚshì will be introduced in BIO, Unit 1. The term Tóngzhì, "Comrade," was originally used only by members of the Communist Party to address other members. It is now the general term of address used by all Chinese adults in the PRC. It should be remembered, though, that Tóngzhì does carry a distinct political implication. Visitors in the People's Republic, who are not citizens and who do not take part in efforts to realize Communist ideals, will not be addressed as Tóngzhì and should not feel obliged to address anyone else as such. Yě is an adverb meaning "also," or "too." It always comes before the verb.

3. A: Tā shì Yīngguó rén ma? 他是英国人吗？ Is she English? B: Bú shì, tā bú shì Yīngguó rén. 不是，他不是英国人。 No, he is not English. A: Tā àiren ne? 他爱人呢？ And his wife? B: Tā yě bú shì Yīngguó rén. 她也不是英国人。 She isn't English either. Àiren, which originally meant "loved one," "sweetheart or "lover," is used in the PRC for either "husband" or "wife," i.e., for "spouse." The possessive phrase Tā Àiren, "his wife" (or, "her husband"), is formed by putting the words for "he" (or "she") and "spouse" together. The marker -de (which you have seen in nǎrde rén) is not needed when the possessive relationship is felt to be very close. (See also the notes on No. 5.) Yě in a negative sentence is usually translated as "either." In this case, bù comes between yě and the verb. Possible English translations for yě, in both affirmative and negative sentences, are: Tā yě shi Yǐngguo rén. 她也是英国人。 She is English too. She is also English. Tā yě bú shi Yīnggguo rén. 她也不是英国人。 She is not English either. She is also not English.

4. A: Qǐngwèn, Qīngdǎo zài nǎr? 请问，青岛在哪儿？ May I ask, where is Qīngdǎo? B: Qīngdǎo zài Shāndōng. 青岛在山东。 Qīngdǎo is in Shāndōng. Zài is the verb "to be in/at/on," that is, "to be somewhere." Zài involves location, while shì involves identity, "to be someone/something."

5. A: Qǐngwèn, nǐ lǎojiā zài nǎr? 请问，你老家在哪儿？ May I ask, where is your family from? B: Wǒ lǎojiā zài Āndàlüè. 我老家在安大略。 My family is from Ontario. B: Wǒ lǎojiā zài Shāndōng. 我老家在山东。 My family is from Shāndōng. Literally, lǎojiā is "old home" ("original home," "ancestral home," "native place"), that is, the place you and your family are from. When a Chinese asks you about your lǎojiā, he probably wants to know about your hometown, the place where you grew up. When you ask a Chinese about his lǎojiā however, he will tell you where his family came from originally. A Chinese whose grandparents came from the province of Guǎngdōng will give that as his lǎojiā, even if he and his parents have spent all of their lives in Sìchuān. Nǐ lǎojiā zài nǎr? (literally "Where is your original home?") asks for the LOCATION of the town you come from. The question is answered with zài plus the name of the province (or state) that the town is located in: Wǒ lǎojiā zài Dèzhōu (Āndàlüè, Shāndōng). Nǐ lǎojiā shi nǎr? (translated into English as "What is your original home?" asks about the IDENTITY of the town you come from. That question is answered with shì plus the name of the town (or city): Wǒ lǎojiā shi Jiūjǐnshān (Qǐngdǎo, Shànghǎi). Compare: Wó lǎojiā zài Guǎngdōng. 我老家在广东。 My original home is in Guǎngdōng. Wǒ lǎojiā shi Guǎngzhōu. 我老家是广州。 My original home is Guǎngzhōu. The possessive nǐ lǎojiā, like tā àiren, does not require a possessive marker. However, if more than one word must be used to indicate the possessor, -de is often inserted after the last word: nǐ àirende lǎojiā, "your spouse's original home" or "where your spouse's family comes from."

6. A: Chén Shìmín tóngzhì zài nǎr? 陈世民同志在哪儿？ Where is comrade Chén Shìmín? B: Tā zài nàr. 他在那儿。 He's there. 7. A: Qīngdǎo zài nǎr? 青岛在哪儿？ Where is Qīngdǎo? B: Zài zhèr. 在这儿。 It's here. 8. A: Nǐ àiren xiànzài zài nǎr? 你爱人现在在哪儿？ Where is your wife now? B: Wǒ àiren xiànzài zài Jiānádà. 我爱人现在在加拿大。 My wife is in Canada now. You have learned three words for asking and telling about locations. nǎr 哪儿 where nàr (nèr) 那儿 there zhèr 这儿 here Notice that the question word nǎr is in the Low tone, while the answer words nàr and zhèr are both in the Falling tone. Also notice that the vowel sound in zhèr is different from that in nǎr and nàr. (Some speakers prefer nèr to nàr.) When you are talking about movable things and people that you presume are not nearby ("nearby," being approximately within pointing range), you usually ask where they are NOW. The "present time" word may be omitted if the time has been established earlier in the conversation. Nǐ àiren xiànzài zài nǎr? 你爱人现在在哪儿？ Where is your wife now? Tā zài Běijīng. 她在北京。 She's in Běijīng (now). If you ask about someone or something you presume to "be nearby (a pair of scissors in a drawer, for instance, or a person in a group across the room), you do not use xiànzài. In English, the words "here" and "there" are used to refer to locations of any size. In Chinese, however, zhèr and nàr are usually not used for cities, provinces, and countries (with the exception that you may use zhèr to refer to the city you are in). Instead, you repeat the name of the place. Compare these two exchanges in Beìjĭng: Country: Mǎdǐng Xiānsheng xiànzài zài Zhōngguó ma? Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó. He is here now. City: Mǎdǐng Xiānsheng xiànzài zài Shànghǎi ma? Tā bú zài Shànghǎi; tā zài zhèr. He is not there; he is here. Jiānádà "Canada": Although the middle syllable of this word is marked with the Rising tone, at a normal rate of speech you will probably hear Jiānādà.

Statement Cue Answer 1. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪儿的人？ Where is He/she from? Húnán 湖南 Tā shì Húnán rén. 他/她是湖南人。 He/she is from Húnán. 2. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪儿的人？ Where is He/she from? Shāndōng 山东 Tā shì Shāndōng rén. 他/她是山东人。 He/she is from Shāndōng. 3. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪儿的人？ Where is He/she from? Héběi 河北 Tā shì Héběi rén. 他/她是河北人。 He/she is from Héběi. 4. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪儿的人？ Where is He/she from? Jiāngsū 江苏 Tā shì Jiāngsū rén. 他/她是江苏人。 He/she is from Jiāngsū. 5. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪儿的人？ Where is He/she from? Guāngdōng 广东 Tā shì Guāngdōng rén. 他/她是广东人。 He/she is from Guāngdōng. 6. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪儿的人？ Where is He/she from? Húběi 湖北 Tā shì Húběi rén. 他/她是湖北人。 He/she is from Húběi. 7. Tā shì nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪儿的人？ Where is He/she from? Sìchuān 四川 Tā shì Sìchuān rén. 他/她是四川人。 He/she is from Sìchuān.

Statement Answer 1. Zhāng tóngzhì fūren shì Běijīng rén. 张同志夫人是北京人。 Comrade Zhāng's wife is from Běijīng. Qǐngwèn, Zhāng fūren shì nǎrde rén? 请问张夫人是哪儿的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Zhāng from? 2. Huáng tóngzhì fūren shì Shànghǎi ren. 黄同志夫人是上海人。 Comrade Huáng's wife is from Shànghǎi. Qǐngwèn, Huáng fūren shì nǎrde rén? 请问黄夫人是哪儿的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Huáng from? 3. Wáng tóngzhì fūren shì Nánjīng rén. 王同志夫人是南京人。 Comrade Wáng's wife is from Nánjīng. Qǐngwèn, Wáng fūren shì nǎrde ren? 请问黄夫人是哪儿的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Wáng from? 4. Lǐ tóngzhì fūren shì Guǎngzhōu rén. 李同志夫人是广州人。 Comrade Lǐ's wife is from Guǎngzhōu. Qǐngwèn, Lǐ fūren shì nǎrde rén? 请问李夫人是哪儿的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Lǐ from? 5. Zhào tōngzhì fūren shì Xiānggǎng ren. 赵同志夫人是香港。 Comrade　Zhào's wife is from Xiānggǎng. Qǐngwèn, Zhào fūren shì nǎrde ren? 请问赵夫人是哪儿的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Zhào from? 6. Máo tóngzhì fūren shì Qīngdǎo ren. 毛同志夫人是青岛人。 Comrade Máo's wife is from Qīngdǎo. Qǐngwèn, Máo fūren shì nǎrde rén? 请问毛夫人是哪儿的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Máo from? 7. Chén tóngzhì fūren shì Běijīng rén. 陈同志夫人是北京人。 Comrade Chén's wife is from Xiānggǎng. Qǐngwèn, Chén fūren shì nǎrde rén? 请问陈夫人是哪儿的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Chén from?

Statement Answer 1. Tā shì Héběi rén. 他/她是河北人。 He/she is from Héběi. Tā bú shì Héběi ren. 他/她不是河北人。 He/she is not from Héběi. 2. Tā shì Shāndōng rén. 他/她是山东人。 He/she is from Shāndōng. Tā bú shì Shāndōng rén. 他/她不是山东人。 He/she is not from Shāndōng. 3. Tā shì Jiāngsū ren. 他/她是江苏人。 He/she is from Jiāngsū. Tā bú shì Jiāngsū rén. 他/她不是江苏人。 He/she is not from Jiāngsū. 4. Tā shì Fújiàn rén. 他/她是福建人。 He/she is from Fújiàn. Tā bú shì Fújiàn rén. 他/她不是福建人。 He/she is not from Fújiàn. 5. Tā shì Zhèjiāng rén. 他/她是浙江人。 He/she is from Zhèjiāng. Tā bú shì Zhèjiāng rén. 他/她不是浙江人。 He/she is not from Zhèjiāng. 6. Tā shì Húnán ren. 他/她是湖南人。 He/she is from Húnán. Tā bú shì Húnán ren. 他/她不是湖南人。 He/she is not from Húnán. 7. Tā shì Sìchuān rén. 他/她是四川人。 He/she is from Sìchuān. Tā bú shì Sìchuān rén. 他/她不是四川人。 He/she is not from Sìchuān.

Statement Answer 1. Tā shì Héběi ren. 他/她是河北人。 He/she is from Héběi Tā yě shì Héběi rén. 他/她也是河北人。 He/she is from Héběi too. 2. Tā shì Zhèjiāng ren. 他/她是浙江人。 He/she is from Zhèjiāng Tā yě shì Zhèjiāng rén. 他/她也是浙江人。 He/she is from Zhèjiāng too. 3. Tā shì Fújiàn ren. 他/她是福建人。 He/she is from Fújiàn Tā yě shì Fújiàn rén. 他/她也是福建人。 He/she is from Fújiàn too. 4. Tā shì Húnán ren. 他/她是湖南人。 He/she is from Húnán Tā yě shì Húnán rén. 他/她也是湖南人。 He/she is from Húnán too. 5. Tā shì Jiāngsū ren. 他/她是江苏人。 He/she is from Jiāngsū Tā yě shì Jiāngsū rén. 他/她也是江苏人。 He/she is from Jiāngsū too. 6. Tā shì Shāndōng rén. 他/她是山东人。 He/she is from Shāndōng Tā yě shì Shāndōng rén. 他/她也是山东人。 He/she is from Shāndōng too. 7. Tā shì Hénán rén. 他/她是河南人。 He/she is from Hénán Tā yě shì Hénán rén. 他/她也是河南人。 He/she is from Hénán too.

Statement Answer 1. Zhào xiānsheng bú shì Táiwān rén. 赵先生不是台湾人。 Mr. Zhào isn't from Táiwān. Zhào xiānsheng yě bú shì Táiwān rén. 赵先生也不是台湾人。 Mr. Zhào isn't from Táiwān either. 2. Lǐ xiānsheng bú shì Táiběi ren. 李先生不是台北人。 Mr. Lǐ isn't from Táiběi. Lǐ xiānsheng yě bú shì Táiběi ren. 李先生也不是台北人。 Mr. Lǐ isn't from Táiběi either. 3. Wáng xiānsheng bú shì Táizhōng ren. 王先生不是台中人。 Mr. Wáng isn't from Táizhōng. Wáng xiānsheng yě bú shì Táizhōng ren. 王先生也不是台中人。 Mr. Wáng isn't from Táizhōng either. 4. Huáng xiānsheng bú shì Táinán rén. 黄先生不是台南人。 Mr. Huáng isn't from Táinán. Huáng xiānsheng yě bú shì Táinán rén. 黄先生也不是台南人。 Mr. Huáng isn't from Táinán either. 5. Liú xiānsheng bú shì Táidōng rén. 刘先生不是台東人。 Mr. Liú isn't from Táidōng. Liú xiānsheng yě bú shì Táidōng rén. 刘先生也不是台东人。 Mr. Liú isn't from Táidōng either. 6. Hú xiānsheng bú shì Jīlóng rén. 胡先生不是基隆市人。 Mr. Hú isn't from Jīlóng. Hú xiānsheng yě bú shì Jīlóng rén. 胡先生也不是基隆市人。 Mr. Hú isn't from Jīlóng either. 7. Chén xiānsheng bú shì Gāoxióng rén. 陈先生不是高雄人。 Mr. Chén isn't from Gāoxióng. Chén xiānsheng yě bú shì Gāoxióng rén. 陈先生也不是高雄人。 Mr. Chén isn't from Gāoxióng either.

Question Answer 1. Mǎ tóngzhì shì Běijīng rén ma? 马同志是北京人吗？ Is comrade Mǎ from Běijīng? Tā bú shì Běijīng rén. 他/她不是北京人。 He/she isn't from Běijīng. 2. Tā àiren ne? 他/她爱人呢? And his/her spouse? Tā àiren yě bú shì Běijīng rén. 他/她爱人也不是北京人。 He/she isn't from Běijīng either. 3. Zhāng tóngzhì shì Shànghǎi rén ma? 张同志是上海人吗？ Is comrade Zhāng from Shànghǎi? Tā bú shì Shànghǎi rén. 他/她不是上海人。 He/she isn't from Shànghǎi. 4. Tā àiren ne? 他/她爱人呢? And his/her spouse? Tā yě bú shì Shànghǎi rén. 他/她也不是上海人。 He/she isn't from Shànghǎi either. 5. Jiāng tóngzhì shì Nánjīng rén ma? 蒋同志是南京人吗？ Is comrade Jiāng from Nánjīng? Tā bú shì Nánjīng rén. 他/她不是南京． He/she isn't from Nánjīng. 6. Tā àiren ne? 他/她爱人呢? And his/her spouse? Tā yě bú shì Nánjīng rén. 他/她也不是南京人。 He/she isn't from Nánjīng either. 7. Chén tóngzhì shì Guǎngzhōu rén ma? 陈同志是广州人吗？ Is comrade Chén from Guǎngzhōu? Tā bú shì Guǎngzhōu rén. 他/她不是广州人。 He/she isn't from Guǎngzhōu. 8. Tā àiren ne? 他/她爱人呢? And his/her spouse? Tā yě bú shì Guǎngzhōu rén. 他/她也不是广州人。 He/she isn't from Guǎngzhōu either. 9. Sūn tóngzhì shì Chéngdū rén ma? 孙同志是成都人吗？ Is comrade Sūn from Chéngdū? Tā bū shì Chéngdū rén. 他/她不是成都人。 He/she isn't from Chéngdū. 10. Tā àiren ne? 他/她爱人呢? And his/her spouse? Tā yě bú shì Chéngdū rén. 他/她也不是成都人。 He/she isn't from Chéngdū either. 11. Máo tóngzhì shì Qīngdǎo rén ma? 毛同志是青岛人吗？ Is comrade Máo from Qīngdǎo? Tā bú shì Qīngdǎo rén. 他/她不是青岛人。 He/she isn't from Qīngdǎo. 12. Tā àiren ne? 他/她爱人呢? And his/her spouse? Tā yě bú shì Qīngdǎo rén. 他/她也不是青岛人。 He/she isn't from Qīngdǎo either. 13. Yáng tóngzhì shì Běijīng rén ma? 杨同志是北京人吗？ Is comrade Yáng from Běijīng? Tā bú shì Běijīng rén. 他/她不是北京人。 He/she isn't from Běijīng. 14. Tā àiren ne? 他/她爱人呢? And his/her spouse? Tā yě bú shì Běijīng rén. 他/她也不是北京人。 He/she isn't from Běijīng either.

Statement Cue Answer 1. Qǐngwèn, Qīngdǎo zài nǎr? 请问青岛在哪儿？ May I ask, where is Qīngdǎo? Shāndōng 山东 Qīngdǎo zài Shāndōng. 青岛在山东。 Qīngdǎo is in Shāndōng. 2. Qǐngwèn, Nánjīng zài nǎr? 请问南京在哪儿？ May I ask, where is Nánjīng? Jiāngsū 江苏 Nánjīng zài Jiāngsū. 南京在江苏。 Nánjīng is in Jiāngsū. 3. Qǐngwèn, Guǎngzhōu zài nǎr? 请问广州在哪儿？ May I ask, where is Guǎngzhōu? Guǎngdōng 广东 Guǎngzhōu zài Guǎngdōng. 广州在广东。 Guǎngzhōu is in Guǎngdōng. 4. Qǐngwèn, Shānghǎi zài nǎr? 请问上海在哪儿？ May I ask, where is Shānghǎi? Jiāngsū 江苏 Shānghǎi zài Jiāngsū. 上海在江苏。 Shānghǎi is in Jiāngsū. 5. Qǐngwèn, Běijīng zài nǎr? 请问北京在哪儿？ May I ask, where is Běijīng? Héběi 河北 Běijīng zài Héběi. 北京在河北。 Běijīng is in Héběi. 6. Qǐngwèn, Qīngdǎo zài nǎr? 请问青岛在哪儿？ May I ask, where is Qīngdǎo? Shāndōng 山东 Qīngdǎo zài Shāndōng. 青岛在山东。 Qīngdǎo is in Shāndōng. 7. Qǐngwèn, Shànghǎi zài nǎr? 请问上海在哪儿？ May I ask, where is Shànghǎi. Jiāngsū 江苏 Shànghǎi zài Jiāngsū. 上海在江苏。 Shànghǎi is in Jiāngsū.

Statement Answer 1. Lín tóngzhì shì Húběi rén. 林同志是河北。 Comrade Lín is from Húběi. Lín tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Húběi. 林同志的老家在河北。 Comrade Lín's family is from Húběi. 2. Wáng tóngzhì shì Shānxī rén. 王同志哦是陕西。 Comrade Wáng is from Shānxī. Wáng tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Shānxī. 王同志的老家在陕西。 Comrade Wáng's family is from Shānxī. 3. Huáng tóngzhì shì Shānxī rén. 黄同志哦是陕西。 Comrade Huáng is from Shānxī. Huáng tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Shānxī. 黄同志的老家在陕西。 Comrade Huáng's family is from Shānxī. 4. Gāo tóngzhì shì Fújiàn rén. 高同志哦是福建。 Comrade Gāo is from Fújiàn. Gāo tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Fújiàn. 局同志的老家在福建。 Comrade Gāo's family is from Fújiàn. 5. Lǐ tóngzhǐ shì Sǐchuān rén. 李同志哦是四川。 Comrade Lǐ is from Sǐchuān. Lǐ tóngzhìde zài Sìchuān. 李同志的老家在四川。 Comrade Lǐ's family is from Sǐchuān. 6. Zhōu tóngzhì shì Zhèjiāng rén. 周同志哦是浙江。 Comrade Zhōu is from Zhèjiāng. Zhōu tóngzhìde zài Zhèjiāng. 周同志的老家在浙江。 Comrade Zhōu's family is from Zhèjiāng. 7. Máo tóngzhì shì Húnán rén. 毛同志哦是湖南。 Comrade Máo is from Húnán. Máo tóngzhìde zài Húnán. 毛同志的老家在湖南。 Comrade Máo's family is from Húnán.

Statement Cue Answer 1. Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她爱人在哪儿？ Where is his/her spouse? Měiguó 美国 Tā àiren xiànzài zài Měiguó. 他/她爱人现在在美国。 His/Her spouse is in America now. 2. Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她爱人在哪儿？ Where is his/her spouse? Jiānádà 加拿大 Tā àiren xiànzài zài Jiānádà. 他/她爱人现在在加拿大。 His/Her spouse is in Canada now. 3. Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她爱人在哪儿？ Where is his/her spouse? Yīngguó 英国 Tā àiren xiànzài zài Yīngguó. 他/她爱人现在在英国。 His/Her spouse is in England now. 4. Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她爱人在哪儿？ Where is his/her spouse? Déguó 德国 Tā àiren xiànzài zài Déguó. 他/她爱人现在在德国。 His/Her spouse is in Germany now. 5. Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她爱人在哪儿？ Where is his/her spouse? Měiguó 美国 Tā àiren xiànzài zài Měiguó. 他/她爱人现在在美国。 His/Her spouse is in America now. 6. Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她爱人在哪儿？ Where is his/her spouse? Fàguó 法国 Tā àiren xiànzài zài Fàguó. 他/她爱人现在在法国。 His/Her spouse is in France now. 7. Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她爱人在哪儿？ Where is his/her spouse? Èguó 俄国 Tā àiren xiànzài zài Èguó. 他/她爱人现在在俄国。 His/Her spouse is in Russia now.

The purpose of the Criterion Test at the end of each module is to show you not only how much of the material you have learned, but also what points you need to work on before beginning to study another module. Since the primary goal of ORN is to introduce the sound system of Standard Chinese, this test focuses on your ability to discriminate and produce tones, vowels, and consonants. Additionally, there are sections which test your ability to comprehend and produce numbers from 1 through 99 and the material in the ORN Target Lists. Your knowledge of personal names and titles and the romanization system is also tested. Read the Objectives at the beginning of the module for a description of exactly what the test covers. Note: Although the entire sound system is introduced in the Pronunciation and Romanization Module, you will be tested here only on those sounds which occur in the Target Sentences. Other sounds will be included in Criterion Tests for later modules. Following is a sample of the Criterion Test for this module. Each section of the test, with directions and a sample question, is represented here so that you may know exactly what is expected of you after studying the ORN Module. Minimum scores are suggested for each section of the test. Achieving these scores means that you are adequately prepared for the next module. If you fall below the minimum criterion on any section, you should review relevant study materials. You will use a tape to complete Part I of the test. Part II is written, and you will complete Part III with your instructor. Part IV of the test (Diagnostics) indicates the passing score for each section and review materials for each section.

This section tests your ability to distinguish the four tones. In your test booklet you will see two syllables after each letter. The speaker will pronounce both syllables, and then say one of them again. You are to decide which syllable was repeated, and circle the appropriate one to indicate your choice. The syllables may occur in any of the four tones, regardless of which tone was used previously in the module. The same syllable may occur more than once in this section. For example, the speaker might say: fēi … fěi and then repeat fēi fēi fěi This section tests your ability to recognize the four tones in isolated syllables. The speaker will pronounce a syllable twice; you add to the written syllable the tone that you hear. Again, the syllables may occur in any of the four tones, regardless of which tone was used previously in the module. For example, the speaker might say: fěi...fěi fei → fěi This section tests your ability to recognize the four tones in two-syllables combinations. The speaker pronounces each two-syllable item twice and then pauses a moment for you to mark tones on the written syllables. For the first ten items, one of the two tones is already marked. For the last ten items, you must fill in both tones. For example: the speaker might say: cháběi...cháběi chabei → cháběi In this section, you are tested on syllables which differ minimally in sound. The speaker will pronounce each syllable in an item once; then he will pronounce one of the syllables again. Decide which of the syllables was repeated, and indicate your choice by circling that written syllable in your test booklet. The syllables in this test do not necessarily correspond in every way to syllables in the Target Lists They may vary in tone, for example. For example, the speaker might say: fàn...fàng and then repeat fàng. fàn fàng In this section, you complete the romanization for the syllables that you hear. As the speaker says a syllable, write the appropriate vowel or consonant letter(s) in the blank. This tests your ability to recognize the sounds of a syllable and to use the romanization system correctly. The speaker will say each syllable twice. For example, the speaker might say: pàng...pàng then you would write: pàng This section tests your ability to understand the numbers 1 through 99 in Chinese. For each item, the speaker will say a number, and you write down the numerals for that number. For example, you might hear: shí-sān 13 This section tests your ability to understand questions and answers about where someone is from and where he is now. Listen to a conversation between Mr. Johnson and Comrade Zhào, who have just met. You will hear the conversation three times. The third time you hear it, a pause will follow each line. You may use these pauses to fill in the boxes in your booklet with appropriate information. (You do not have to wait for the second repetition of the conversation to fill in the answers, of course.) For example: [You will hear a conversation similar to conversations you heard on the C-2 tapes in this module.] Home State or Province Present Location Comrade Zhào Mr. Johnson (Yuēhànsūn) Comrade Zhào's husband Mrs. Johnson This section tests your ability to comprehend Chinese utterances by asking you for the English equivalents. For each item, the speaker will say a sentence from the Target List twice. You indicate your understanding of the sentence by circling the letter of the English sentence which most closely matches the meaning of the Chinese sentence. For example, you might hear: nǐ shì shéi?...nǐ shì shéi? Who is she? Who is he? Who are you?

This section tests your general understanding of the Chinese system of personal names and titles. Read the family histories in your test booklet, and answer the questions. For example, Yáng Tíngfēng is the Chinese name used lay an American, Timothy Young, now that he is living in Taipei. His Chinese surname is: Yáng Tíngféng Yáng Tíngféng

This section tests your ability to pronounce the four tones. Simple sound combinations have been chosen so that special attention may be given to tone production. For each item, choose one syllable and read it aloud. As you do so, put a circle around the one you choose. The instructor will note the syllable he hears. Be sure to choose a fair sampling of all four tones, and select them in random order. For example, you might say: mā má mǎ mà This section tests your ability to pronounce Chinese sounds from the Target Lists, as well as your ability to read romanization. For each item, choose one syllable and read it aloud. As you do so, put a circle around the one you choose. The instructor will note the syllable he hears. Be sure to choose syllables from each column as you go through this section of the test. For example, you might say: nín...níng This section tests your ability to locate and name main cities and provinces in China. Using the map in your booklet, point out to your instructor five cities and five provinces and name them. Pronunciation is of secondary importance here. This section tests your ability to produce sentences in Chinese. Your instructor will say an English sentence from the Target Lists, and you translate it into Chinese. Your Chinese sentence must "be correct," both in grammar and in content. This section tests your ability to make conversational use of the material covered in this module. Although limited in scope, this conversation between you and your instructor represents a situation which you are likely to encounter in the real world. As in any conversation, you are free to ask for a repetition or rephrasing of a sentence, or you may volunteer information on the subject. It is not so much the correctness of your pronunciation and grammar that is being tested as it is your ability to communicate effectively.

Alabama 阿拉巴马 Ālābāmǎ Alaska 阿拉斯加 Ālāsǐjiā Arizona 亚利桑那 Yàlìsāngnà Arkansas 阿肯色 Ākěnsè, Akānsàsī California 加州, 加利福尼亚 Jiāzhōu, Jiālìfóníyà Colorado 科罗拉多 Kēluólāduō Connecticut 康涅狄格, 康乃狄克 Kāngnièdígé, Kāngnǎidígé Delaware 特拉华 Tèlāhuá, Délāwēi (ěr) Florida 弗罗里达 Fóluólǐdá Georgia 乔治亚, 佐治亚 Qiáozhìyà, Zuǒzhìyà Hawaii 夏威夷 Xiàwēiyí Idaho 爱达荷 Àidáhé Illinois 伊利诺 Yīlìnuò (sī) Indiana 印第安纳 Yìndiànnà Iowa 爱奥华 Yīāhuá, Àiāhuá Kansas 堪萨斯 Kānsàsī Kentucky 肯塔基 Kěntǎjī Louisiana 路易斯安那 Lùyìsīānnà Maine 缅因 Miǎnyīn Maryland 马里兰 Mǎlǐlán Massachusetts 马萨诸塞 Mǎsāzhūsài, Mǎshěng Michigan 密歇根, Mìxīgēn, Mìzhíān Minnesota 明尼苏达 Míngnísūdá Mississippi 密西西比 Mìxīxībǐ Missouri 密苏里 Mìsūlǐ Montana 蒙大纳 Méngdànà Nebraska 内布拉斯加 Nèibùlāsījiā Nevada 内华达 Nèihuádá New Hampshire 新罕布什尔 Xīn Hānbùshíěr, Xīn Hǎnbùxià New Jersey 新泽西 Xīn Zéxī New Mexico 新墨西哥 Xīn Mòxīgē New York 纽约 Niǔyuē North Carolina 北卡罗来纳 Běi Kǎluóláinà, Běi Kǎluólínnà North Dakota 北达科他 Běi Dákētā, Běi Dákēdá Ohio 俄亥俄 Éhàié Oklahoma 俄克拉荷马 Ékèlāhémǎ, Ākèlāhémǎ Oregon 俄勒冈 Élègāng Pennsylvania 宾州, 宾夕法尼亚, 宾西法尼亚 Bīnxhōu, Bīnxīfǎníyà, Bīnxīfánníyà Rhode Island 罗得岛 Luódé Dǎo, Luódéàilán South Carolina 南卡罗来纳 Nán Kǎluóláinà, Nán Kǎluólínnà South Dakota 南达科他 Nán Dákētā Tennessee 田纳西 Tiánnàxī Texas 得克萨斯 Dézhōu, Dékèsàsī Utah 犹他 Yóutā, Yōuta Vermont 佛蒙特 Wēiméngtè, Fóméngtè Virginia 维吉尼亚, 弗吉尼亚 Wēijíníyà, Fójíníyà Washington 华盛顿 Huáshèngdùn West Virginia 西弗吉尼亚 Xī Fójíníyà Wisconsin 威斯康星 Wēisīkāngxīn(g) Wyoming 怀俄明 Huáiémíng

Alberta 阿尔伯塔, 艾伯塔 (Yǎbódá) Ā​'ěr​bó​tǎ, Ài​bó​tǎ British Columbia 英属哥伦比亚 Yīngshǔ Gēlúnbǐyà Manitoba 马尼托巴 Mànnítuōbā New Brunswick 新不伦瑞克 Xīn Bùlúnzīwéikè Newfoundland 纽芬兰与拉布拉多 Niǔfēnlándǎo Northwest Territories 西北领地 Xīběilíngdì Nova Scotia 新斯科舍 Xīn Sīkèshè Ontario 安大略省 Āndàlüè Prince Eduard Island 爱德华岛 Àidéhuádǎo Quebec 魁北克 Kuíběkè Saskatchewan 萨斯喀彻温 Sākèqíwàn Yukon 育空 Yùkōng

Wikipedia has a nice page about Chinese names, more complete than this short list. Take a look here: Huáng 黄 Zhōu 周 Liú 刘 Wáng 王 Jiāng 江 Chén 陈 Zhāng 张 Jiǎng 蒋 Yáng 杨 Lǐ 李 Gaō 高 Sīmǎ 司马 Zhào 赵 Lín 林 Oūyáng 欧阳 Máo 毛 Sūn 孙 Hú 胡 Táng 唐 Sòng 宋 Wú 吴 Mǎ 马 Fāng 方 Liáng 梁 Qián 钱 Zēng 曾 Hé 何 Dálǐ 达礼 Yǒngpíng 永平 Shàowén 绍文 Mínglǐ 明理 Zìqiáng 自强 Shìyīng 世英 Dànián 大年 Jié 杰 Tíngfēng 廷峰 Shìmín 世民 Zhīyuǎn 知远 Chéng 诚 Huá 华 Guóquán 国权 Zhènhàn 振汉 Déxián 德贤 Juān 娟 Huìwén 蕙文 Mínzhēn 敏贞 Lìróng 丽容 Défēn 德芬 Huìrán 蕙然 Wǎnrú 婉如 Lù 露 Bīngyíng 冰莹 Xiùfèng 秀风 Yùzhēn 玉珍 Zǐyàn 紫燕 Qiǎoyún 巧云 Měilì 美丽

Pinyin spelling Chinese spelling Map spelling Ānhui 安徽 Anhwei Fújiàn 福建 Fukien Gānsù 甘肃 Kansu Guǎngdōng 广东 Kvangtung Guànzhōu 官洲岛 Kvangsi Guǐzhōu 贵州 Kveìchou Hébuǐ/Héběi 河北 Hopeh Hēilóngjiāng 黑龙江 Heilungkiang Hénán 河南 Honan Húběi 湖北 Hupeh Húnán 湖南 Hunan Jiāngsū 江苏 Kiangsu Jiāngxī 江西 Kiangsi Jílín 吉林 Kirin Liáoníng 辽宁 Liaoning Nèiměnggǔ 内蒙古 Inner Mongolia Níngxià 宁夏 Ninghai Qīnghǎi 青海 Tsinghai Shāndōng 山东 Shantung Shānxī 陕西 Shansi Shǎnxī 山西 Shensi Sìchuān 四川 Szechuan Táiwān 台湾 Taiwan Xīnjiāng 新疆 Xinjiang Xīzàng 西藏 Tibet Yúnnán 云南 Yunnan Zhèjiāng 浙江 Chekiang

Pinyin spelling Chinese spelling Map spelling Běijīng 北京 Peking Chángshā 长沙 Ch'ang-sha Chéngdū 成都 Ch'eng-tu Dàtóng 大同 Ta-t'ung Gāoxióng 高雄 Kao-hsiung Guǎngzhōu 广州 Canton Hángzhōu 杭州 Hang-chou Hánkǒu 汉口 Han-k'ou Hǎinán 海南 Huai-nan Jīlóng 基隆 Chi-lung Kāifēng 开封 K'ai-feng Nánchāng 南昌 Nan-ch'ang Nánjīng 南京 Nanking Qīngdǎo 青岛 Tsingtao Shànghǎi 上海 Shanghai Táiběi 台北 Taipei Táidōng 台东 T'ai-tung Táinán 台南 T'ai-nan Táizhōng 台中 T'ai-chung Tiānjīn 天津 Tientsin Wúchāng 武昌 Wu-ch'ang Wǔhàn 武汉 Wu-han Xiān 西安 Sian