Module 3: Money

Unit 1

References

Reference List 1. A: Zhèli yǒu Yīngwén bào ma? 这里有英文报吗？ Are there any English-language newspapers here? B: Yǒu. Jiù zài nàli. 有。就在那里 Yes. They're right over there. 2. A: Zhèli yǒu Yīngwén bào meiyou? 这里有英文报没有？ Are there any English-language newspapers here? B: Yǒu. Jiù zài nàli. 有。就在那里。 Yes. They're right there. 3. A: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi Yīngwén bào. 我想买英文报。 I would like to buy English-language newspaper. B: Hǎo. Jiù zài zhèli. 好。就在那里。 Fine. They're right here. 4. A: Zhège duōshao qián? 这个多少钱？ How much is this one? B: Wǔkuài qián. 五块钱。 Five dollars. 5. A: Zhège Zhōngwén bào duōshao qián? 这个中文报多少钱？ How much is the Chinese-language newspaper? B: Sānkuài qián yífèn. 三块钱一份。 Three dollars a copy. 6. A: Nǐmen zhèli mài Měiguó zázhì bu mài? 你们这里卖美国杂志不卖？ Do you sell American magazines here? B: Mài. Wǒmen zhèli mài. 卖。我们这里卖。 Yes, we sell them here. 7. A: Zhège duōshao qián? 这个多少钱？ How much is this one? B: Sānshikuài qián yìběn. 三十块钱一本。 Thirty dollars a copy. A: Hǎo, wǒ mǎi yìběn. 好。我买一本。 Fine, I'll buy one. 8. A: Nǐmen zhèli yǒu Měiguó shū meiyou? 你们这里有美国书没有？ Do you have American books here? B: Duìbuqǐ, Měiguó shū wǒmen bú mài. 对不起，美国书我们不卖。 I'm sorry, we don't sell American books here. 9. A: Bào, zázhì, yígòng duōshao qián? 报、杂志、一共多少钱？ How much are the newspaper, the magazine altogether? B: Bào wǔkuài, zázhì sānshikuài. 报无怪；杂志三十块。 The newspaper is five dollars; the magazine is thirty dollars. B: Yígòng sānshiwǔkuài qián. 一共三十五块钱。 Altogether, it's thirty-five dollars. 10. A: Nǐmen zhèli mài dìtú bu mài? 你们这里卖地图不卖？ Do you sell maps here? B: Mài. Zài nàli. 卖。在那里。 We do. They are other here. 11. A: Nín xiǎng mǎi shénme dìtú? 您想买什么地图？ What kind of map would you like to buy? B: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yìzhāng Táiběi dìtú. 我想买一张台北地图。 I would like to buy a map of Taipei. 12. A: Zhèzhāng Táiběi dìtú duōshao qián? 这张台北地图多少钱？ How much is this map of Taipei? B: Shíèrkuài qián. 十二块钱。 Twelve dollars.

Vocabulary yífèn (r) bàozhǐ —份(儿)报纸 one newspaper yìzhī bǐ 一支笔 one pen yìzhāng zhǐ 一张纸 one piece of paper yìběn zìdiǎn 一本字典 one dictionary Hàn-Yīng zìdiǎn 汉－英字典 Chinese-English dictionary Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn 英－汉字典 English-Chinese dictionary huàxué 化学 chemistry shùxué 数学 mathematics bào (yífèn) 报（一份） newspaper bàozhǐ (yífèn) 报纸（一份） newspaper -běn －本 volume bǐ (yìzhī) 笔（一支） pen dìtú (yìzhāng) 地图(一张) map duìbuqǐ 对不起 I'm sorry duōshao 多少 how much, how many -fèn (r) －份(儿) copy jiù 就 right, exactly (with reference to space) -kuài －块 dollar (in context) mǎi 买 to buy mài 卖 to sell qián 钱 money shū (yìběn) 书（一本） book xiǎng 想 to want to xiǎngyixiǎng 想一想 to think it over yīgòng 一共 altogether zázhì (yìběn) 杂志(一本） magazine -zhāng －张 (counter for flat things, tables, paper, pictures, etc ...) zhǐ (yìzhāng) 纸(一张) paper -zhī －支 (counter for straight, stick-like objects) zìdiǎn (yìběn) 字典(一本) dictionary

Reference Notes

Notes on № 1 1. A: Zhèli yǒu Yīngwén bào ma? 这里有英文报吗？ Are there any English-language newspapers here? B: Yǒu. Jiù zài nàli. 有。就在那里 Yes. They're right over there. Zhèli yǒu: The Chinese verb yǒu sometimes means "to have" and sometimes means "to be" in the sense of "to exist". In exchange 1, yǒu has the latter meaning. With this meaning, it often translates into English as "there is/are." Topic-comment sentences: The subject of a Chinese sentence need not be the person who performs an action or experiences a state. Often, the relation ship between the subject and the rest of the sentence Is looser and can be analyzed as topic-comment. A topic is a word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence which sets the scene for the rest of the sentence. The topic is a starting point for understanding a sentence, giving background Information and establishing the perspective for listeners. For this reason, time and place phrases are often used as topics. Zhèli yǒu Yíngwén báo. Here there are English-language newspapers. A comment is the rest of the sentence which follows the topic. Here are some examples: Bǐ, tā yǒu; zhǐ, tā méiyou . He has a pen; he doesn't have paper. (literally, "Pen he has; paper he doesn't) A: Nǐ shi nǎr? Where are you calling from? B: Wǒ shi Táiwān Dàxué. Taiwan University Zhèzhāng dìtú mài shíkuài qián. As for this map, they sell it for ten dollars. Clearly, the last two examples are meaningful only when the relationship between the initial nouns/pronouns and verbs is understood to be one of topic-comment, not the usual subject-predicate relation of actor-action. While there is no single rule that tells you when to use topic-comment sentences in Chinese, some helpful generalizations can be made. These generalizations will be discussed as example-sentences appear in the Reference lists. Jiù zài nàli, "They are right over here": You have learned jiù as "only," a synonym of zhǐ. In exchange 1, you see another use of jiù: "right," "exactly," "precisely." This word is often used to describe "right" where something is, and is followed by zài, "in/on."

Notes on № 2 2. A: Zhèli yǒu Yīngwén bào meiyou? 这里有英文报没有？ Are there any English-language newspapers here? B: Yǒu. Jiù zài nàli. 有。就在那里。 Yes. They're right there. Yǒu...méiyǒu: The first sentence in exchange 2 is a yes/no-choice question. This type of question is formed "by explicitly offering the listener a choice between an affirmative and a negative answer. The negative alternative is tacked onto the end of the sentence. Similar questions exist in English. But the English question would be an impatient one, while the Chinese question is an ordinary on: Zhèli yǒu Yīngwén bào méiyou? Are there any English-language newspaper here, or aren't there? Neutral tones: Whether or not a syllable is pronounced in the Neutral tone often depends on the speed of speech and the mood the speaker is trying to convey, In informal conversation between native speakers, there are many more Neutral tones than in the more careful, deliberate speech of a language teacher speaking to foreign student . (Bear this point in mind when you find a discrepancy between the textbook marking of a word and the pronunciation of that word on tape.) Most syllables in any stretch of spoken Chinese are neither completely ”Neutral"(i. e., with no audible change in pitch for the duration of the syllable) nor completely "full" in length and amplitude, These syllables will usually be somewhere in between the two extremes. Zhèli yǒu Yīngwen bào meiyou? Are there any English-language newspapers here? Zhěli yǒu Yīngwén bào méiyou"? Often a syllable will not Bound like a full tone. But if you ask "Then is this syllable in the Neutral tone?" the answer will be "No, not exactly." There is no distinct dividing line between a syllable with a tone and a syllable in the Neutral tone. Very often, the most helpful answer to the question "Should this be pronounced in the Neutral tone?" is "Pronounce it the way you hear it." The language is taught in terms of four tones, but your ears hear more.

Notes on № 3 3. A: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi Yīngwén bào. 我想买英文报。 I would like to buy English-language newspaper. B: Hǎo. Jiù zài zhèli. 好。就在那里。 Fine. They're right here. The auxiliary verb xiǎng is sometimes translated as "would like to" or "to want to." Here are some examples of translations you have learned for xiǎng; Wǒ xiǎng mǎi Yīngwén bào. I'm thinking of buying an English-language newspaper. OR I would like to buy an English-language newspaper. OR I want to buy an English-language newspaper. Wǒ xiǎng tā xiǎng míngtiān zǒu. I think he is planning to leave tomorrow. Wǒ hěn xiǎng niàn shú. I very much want to study. Wǒ bú tài xiǎng qù. I don't want to go very much. ("tài" meaning "too," "excessively," appears in Unit 3)

Notes on № 4 4. A: Zhège duōshao qián? 这个多少钱？ How much is this one? B: Wǔkuài qián. 五块钱。 Five dollars. Zhège duōshao qián? In Chinese sentences that ask for and give prices, the word shì is usually omitted. Shì reappears, however, in negative and contrastive sentences: Zhège bú shì sìkuài qián, shì wǔkuài qián. "This (item) isn't four dollars; it's five dollars." Wǔkuài qián literally means "five dollars money." The counter -kuài, "dollars," indicates the units of the general class "money" that are being counted (i.e., dollars as opposed to cents.)

Notes on № 5 5. A: Zhège Zhōngwén bào duōshao qián? 这个中文报多少钱？ How much is the Chinese-language newspaper? B: Sānkuài qián yífèn. 三块钱一份。 Three dollars a copy. Notice in the sentence Zhège Zhōngwén bào duōshao qián? that the general counter -ge is used rather than the specific counter -fèn, "copy." The counter -ge is often used in talking about the KIND of thing. In this case the question is about the price of ea newspaper as a publication, not about the price of a copy. The specific counter would be used to talk about a particular concrete object, as in a sentence like: "This copy of the China Post is torn." Yífèn: In Chinese, when you talk about the unit price of an item, the unit is a counter. Notice that yífèn comes at the end of the sentence, just as "copy" does in English.

Notes on № 6 6. A: Nǐmen zhèli mài Měiguó zázhì bu mài? 你们这里卖美国书不卖？ Do you sell American magazines here? B: Mài. Wǒmen zhèli mài. 卖。我们这里卖。 Yes, we sell them here. Mài, "to sell," differs from the word mǎi, "to buy," only in its tone. Nǐmen zhèli, "your place here," literally, "you here": Use Nǐmen zhèli when talking to someone who represents a stores a bank, or other institutions. By putting zhèli (zhèr), "here," or nàli (nàr), "there," after a person's name or a pronoun, you make a phrase referring to a place associated with the person. For example, nì nàli means "over there where you are now," and wǒ zhèli means "here where I am now," Use these phrases when you want to express the idea of an item being close to a person (not necessarily ownership). Nǐ nàli yǒu bǐ méiyou? Do you have a pen over there? (i.e., Is there a pen over there where you are?") This kind of phrase is also used to mean a person's home: nǐ nàli, "your place" (used when the speaker is not at "your house"); wǒ zhèli: "my place" (used when the speaker is at home.) A: Chén xǎojiě zài náli? Where is Miss Chén? B: Tā zài Liú tàitài nàli She is at Mrs. Liú house. Nǐmen zhèli mài Měiguó zázhì bu mài? In this sentence, Nǐmen zhèli is used as a topic. Literally, the sentence means: "As for your place here, are American magazines sold?"

Notes on № 7 7. A: Zhège duōshao qián? 这个多少钱？ How much is this one? B: Sānshikuài qián yìběn. 三十块钱一本。 Thirty dollars a copy. A: Hǎo, wǒ mǎi yìběn. 好。我买一本。 Fine, I'll buy one. The counter běn, "volume", "copy," is used for both books and magazines.

Notes on № 8 8. A: Nǐmen zhèli yǒu Měiguó shū meiyou? 你们这里有美国书没有？ Do you have American books here? B: Duìbuqǐ, Měiguó shū wǒmen bú mài. 对不起，美国书我们不卖。 I'm sorry, we don't sell American books here. Duìbuqǐ, literally means "unable to face (you)." This word is used to say "I'm sorry" when you bump into a person, arrive late, and so on. It is not the word for "I'm sorry" when you sympathize with someone else's misfortune (e.g., when a relative dies.) Měiguó shū wǒmen bú mài.: In this sentence, Měiguó shū, the object of the verb mài, occurs at the beginning, in topic position. Here the order of the sentence element is : topic - subject - verb. Some speakers of English use the same word order. Compare: Měiguó shū wǒmen bú mài. American books we don't sell. Notice that bú mài is not the ending of a yes/no-choice question. The phrase keeps its tones in this sentence.

Notes on № 9 9. A: Bào, zázhì, yígòng duōshao qián? 报、杂志、一共多少钱？ How much are the newspaper, the magazine altogether? B: Bào wǔkuài, zázhì sānshikuài. 报无怪、杂志三十块。 The newspaper is five dollars; the magazine is thirty dollars. B: Yígòng sānshiwǔkuài qián. 一共三十五块钱。 Altogether, it's thirty-five dollars. Yígòng, "altogether,": In totaling something up, the items being totaled begin the sentence, in topic position, and are followed by the adverb Yígòng. In many situations you will hear prices given without the word qián.

Notes on № 10-11 10. A: Nǐmen zhèli mài dìtú bu mài? 你们这里卖地图不卖？ Do you sell maps here? B: Mài. Zài nàli. 卖。在那里。 We do. They are other here. 11. A: Nín xiǎng mǎi shénme dìtú? 您想买什么地图？ What kind of map would you like to buy? B: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yìzhāng Táiběi dìtú. 我想买一张台北地图。 I would like to buy a map of Taipei. shénme dìtú literally means "what map." In exchange 11, this phrase is used to mean "what kind of map." yìzhāng: the counter -zhāng is used for flat objects. Literally, yìzhāng Táiběi dìtú means "one sheet Taipei map." In exchange 11, the phrase is translated as "a map of Taipei."

Notes on № 12 12. A: Zhèzhāng Táiběi dìtú duōshao qián? 这张台北地图多少钱？ How much is this map of Taipei? B: Shíèrkuài qián. 十二块钱。 Twelve dollars. Zhèzhāng dìtú: compare the two phrases which follow. zhè -zhāng dìtú this map zhè liǎng -zhāng dìtú these two maps In the first phrase, the counter -zhāng does not have a number in front of it. In effect, the number 1 was dropped after the specifier zhè. Notice that when a specifier and a number occur together in Chinese, the word order is just like English: Zhè liǎngzhāng dìtú, "these two maps." 13. yífèn (r) bàozhǐ 一份(儿)报纸 one newspaper 14. yìzhī bǐ 一支笔 one pen 15. yìzhāng zhǐ 一张纸 one piece of paper 16. yìběn zìdiǎn 一本字典 one dictionary 17. Hàn-Yīng zìdiǎn 汉英字典 Chinese-English dictionary 18. Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn 英汉字典 English-Chinese dictionary 19. huàxué 化学 chemistry 20. shùxué 数学 mathematics Notes on additional required vocabulary: bàozhǐ and bào, two words for "newspaper," are interchangeable. Yìzhī bǐ: The counter for pens, -zhī, is the counter for straight, stick-like objects. Hàn-Yīng zìdiǎn, Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn: The word for "Chinese" in these expressions comes from the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to A.D. 219.) Hàn is often used in titles to refer to the Chinese people and their language.

Drills

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References

Reference List 1. A: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi diǎnr diǎnxin. 我想买点儿点心。 I'm going to buy some pastries. 2. A: Zheìge xiǎo diǎnxin duōshao qián yìjīn? 这个小点心多少钱一经？ How much are these small pastries per catty? B: Bāmáo qián yìjīn. 八毛钱一斤。 Eighty cents a catty. 3. A: Gěi wǒ liǎngjīn. 给我两斤。 Give me two catties. 4. A: Qǐng nǐ gěi wǒ liǎngjīn. 清李给我两斤。 Please give me two catties. 5. B: Nín hái yào diǎnr shénme? 您还要点儿什么？ What else do you want? A: Wǒ hái yào qìshuǐ. 我还要汽水 I want some soda. 6. A: Duōshao qián yìpíng? 多少钱一平？ How much is it per bottle? B: Liǎngmáo wǔfēn qián. 两毛五分钱。 It's twenty-five cents. 7. A: Zhèi shi sānkuài qián. 这是三块钱。 Here's three dollars. B: Zhǎo nǐ liùmáo wǔfēn qián. 找你牛六毛五分钱。 Here's sixty-five cents (in) change. A: Xièxie. Zàijiàn. 谢谢。再见。 Thank you. Good-bye B: Zàijiàn. 再见。 Good-bye 8. A: Dà píngguǒ duōshao qián yìjīn? 大苹果多少钱一斤？？ How much are the large apples per catty? B: Dàde sìmáo wǔfēn qián yìjīn. 大的四毛五分钱一经。 The large ones are forty-five cents a catty. 9. A: Xiǎode duōshao qián yìjinq? 小的多少钱一经？ How much per catty are the small ones? B: Sānmáo wǔ. 三毛五。 Thirty-five cents. 10. A: Qǐng gěi wǒ sānjīn nèige xiǎode. 清给我三经那个小的。 Please give me three catties of the small ones. B: Hǎo. Sānjīn yíkuài líng wǔ. 好。三经一块零五。 Certainly. Three catties are $1.05. 11. B: Nín hái yào shénme? 您还要什么？ What else do you want? A: Wǒ búyào shénme le. 我不要什么了。 I don't want anything else.

Vocabulary júzi 橘子 oranges, tangerines píjiǔ 啤酒 beer yíkuài féizào 一块肥皂 one bar of soap zuò mǎimai 做买卖 to do business dàrén 大人 adult xiǎoháizi 小孩子 child dà 大 to be large -de 的 marker of modification diǎnr 点儿 a little, some diǎnxin (yíkuài, yìjīn) 点心（一块，一斤） pastry, snack -fēn 分 cent gěi 给 to give hái 还 also, additionally -jīn 斤 catty (1.1 pound) -kuài 块 piece (counter) líng 零 zero mǎimai 买卖 business -máo 毛 dime -píng 瓶 bottle píngguǒ 苹果 apple qǐng 请 please qìshuǐ 汽水 soda, carbonated soft drink xiǎo 小 to be small xiǎohaízi 小孩子 child yào 要 to want zàijiàn 再见 good-bye zhǎo 找 to give change zuò mǎimai 做买卖 to do business gōngxiāo hézuòshè 供销合作社 supply and marketing cooperative

Reference Notes

Notes on №1 1. A: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi diǎnr diǎnxin. 我想买点儿点心。 I'm going to buy some pastries. Diǎnr: The word yìdiǎnr (or yìdiǎn) is a combination of the number yī, "one," and the counter diǎn, "a dot", "a little bit." The number yī is often toneless, or, in this case, dropped when its meaning is "a" rather than "one". The Běijīng version of this word, written diǎnr or yīdiǎnr is actually pronounced as if written diǎr or yídiǎr. These words rhyme with the English "tar,"

Notes on №2 2. A: Zheìge xiǎo diǎnxin duōshao qián yìjīn? 这个小点心多少钱一斤？ How much are these small pastries per catty? B: Bāmáo qián yìjīn. 八毛钱一斤。 Eighty cents a catty. A jīn is a unit of weight, usually translated as "catty." In most parts of China a jīn equals 1.1 pound. Bāmáo i You must use the equivalent of "eight dimes" to say "eighty cents." It is wrong to say bāshifēn for "eighty cents."

Notes on №3-4 3. A: Gěi wǒ liǎngjīn. 给我两斤。 Give me two catties. 4. A: Qǐng nǐ gěi wǒ liǎngjīn. 清李给我两斤。 Please give me two catties. Indirect object: Notice that the indirect object, wǒ, precedes the direct object, liǎngjīn, just as "me" precedes "two catties" in English. Gěi wǒ liǎngjīn. Give me two catties. Polite request: A blunt imperative in Chinese has the same word order as a command in English: (nǐ), verb, indirect object, direct object. To make a polite request in Chinese, start off with qǐng, "please," or qǐng nǐ "please you." More literally qǐng means "to ask," "to request," but the idiomatic equivalent of qǐng and qǐng nǐ is "please." Here are the three types of imperatives. gěi wǒ liǎngjīn. Give me two catties. Qǐng gěi wǒ liǎngjīn. Please give me two catties OR Give me two catties, please. Qǐng nǐ gěi wǒ liǎngjīn.

Notes on №5 5. B: Nín hái yào diǎnr shénme? 您还要点儿什么？ What else do you want? A: Wǒ hái yào qìshuǐ. 我还要汽水 I want some soda. Hái: in exchange 5, hái something like "in addition": "What do you want a little of in addition?" Since hái is an adverb, it is placed before the verb. Qìshuǐ, "soda," refers to a carbonated soft drink, not to club soda.

Notes on №6 6. A: Duōshao qián yìpíng? 多少钱一瓶？ How much is it per bottle? B: Liǎngmáo wǔfēn qián. 两毛五分钱。 It's twenty-five cents. Tone change for yī: The number 1, yǐ, changes tone when followed by another syllable. When followed by a syllable with a Falling tone, yī has a Rising tone. When followed "by syllables with High, Rising, or Low tones, has a Falling tone. High Tone follows Rising Tone follows Low Tone follows Falling Tone follows yìjīn yìpíng yìběn yífèn yìzhāng yìmáo yìdiǎn yíkuài yìzhī yìnián yíyuè yìtiān Liǎngmáo wǔfēn qián: Notice that "twenty-five cents" is expressed in Chinese as dimes plus cents: "two dimes and five cents."

Notes on №7 7. A: Zhèi shi sānkuài qián. 这是三块钱。 Here's three dollars. B: Zhǎo nǐ liùmáo wǔfēn qián. 找你六毛五分钱。 Here's sixty-five cents (in) change. A: Xièxie. Zàijiàn. 谢谢。再见。 Thank you. Good-bye B: Zàijiàn. 再见。 Good-bye Zhèi: In the first sentence of exchange 7, zhèi is used without an attached counter. A specifier was also used without a counter in Nèi shi Mínzú Fàndiàn. "That's the Nationalities Hotel." The verb zhǎo means "to give change." Zhǎo nǐ liùmáo wǔfēn qián means something like "I'm giving you sixty-five cents in change."

Notes on №8-9 8. A: Dà píngguǒ duōshao qián yìjīn? 大苹果多少斤？ How much are the large apples per catty? B: Dàde sìmáo wǔfēn qián yìjīn. 大的四毛五分钱一斤。 The large ones are forty-five cents a catty. 9. A: Xiǎode duōshao qián yìjīn? 小的多少钱一斤？ How much per catty are the small ones? B: Sānmáo wǔ. 三毛五。 Thirty-five cents. The words dàde and xiǎode are translated as "large ones" and ""small ones." The nonspecific noun "ones" may be used because the specific thing being talked about (apples) was mentioned in an earlier sentence. The marker -de shows that dà and xiǎo modify a noun mentioned earlier in the conversation. Like their English translations "big ones" and "small ones," dàde and xiǎode act as nouns. Sānmáo wǔ is an abbreviated way of giving a price. The last unit of money (ln this case, fēn "cent") and the word for "money," qián are left out. The unit omitted is always the next unit below the unit which is expressed. For instance, "three dollars and fifty cents" is sānkuài wǔ. You know that the unit omitted is máo "dimes," because it is the next unit below kuài, "dollars." A one-unit price such as "three dollars" or cents"can never be abbreviated this way, because there would he no way of determining the unit marker omitted.

Notes on №10 10. A: Qǐng gěi wǒ sānjīn nèige xiǎode. 清给我三经那个小的。 Please give me three catties of the small ones. B: Hǎo. Sānjīn yíkuài líng wǔ. 好。三经一块零五。 Certainly. Three catties are $1.05. Sānjīn nèige xiǎode: The elements of this phrase appear in the following order: number, counter, specifier, noun, (in Chinese, units of measure, like jīn, act as counters.) Earlier, you learned phrases whose element a appeared in a different order: specifier, number, counter, noun, (zhèi liǎngzhāng dìtú). In both cases, the word order for the constructions Is the same in Chinese and English. sān -jīn nèige xiǎode three catties of those small ones nèi sān -jīn xiǎode those three catties of small ones Zèige is translated as "those" in the first sentence of exchange 10. Strictly speaking, nèige can refer only to one item, since -ge is the counter for units. The apples, however, are regarded collectively as one category of things. Yíkuài líng wǔ: In a price, the word líng is always used for a "zero" in the dimes position. In yíkuài líng wǔ, líng appears in the "dimes" place, so you know that wǔ must refer to cents.

Notes on №11 11. B: Nín hái yào shénme? 您还要什么？ What else do you want? A: Wǒ búyào shénme le. 我不要什么了。 I don't want anything else. Bú yào shenme: The unstressed (and often toneless) word shenme corresponds to the indefinite pronoun "anything" in negative sentences. Nǐ yào shénme? Wǒ bú yào shénme You want what thing? I don't want anything. This construction is commonly used to say "I don't want (I'm not buying, I'm not reading) anything MUCH." Nǐ mǎi shénme? What are you buying? Wǒ bù mǎi shenme, zhǐ mǎi yífèn bào. I'm not buying anything much; I'm just buying a newspaper. Le: In the second sentence of exchange 11, new situation le is used in a negative sentence. The sentence says that NOW Mr. Andersen does not want anything (while before, of course, he did want things.) 12. júzi 橘子 oranges 13. píjiǔ 啤酒 beer 14. yíkuài féizào 一块肥皂 one bar of soap 15. zuò mǎimai 做买卖 to do business 16. dàren 大人 adult 17. xiǎoháizi 小孩子 child Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary Júzi: In earlier modules, this word would have been written jǘzi. Starting in the Money Module, the umlaut (") will be written only after n and l, following the normal spelling rule in Pinyin romanization. You will have to remember that the letter u after j, q, x, and y is pronounced as if it were written ü. Yíkuài féizào: The counter used for soap is -kuài. It literally means "a lump" but is also translated as a "piece." Zuò mǎimai, "to do business/trade" Tā lái zuò mǎimai le. He has come to do business. Dàren, "adult," literally, "big person" Tā yǐjīng shi dàren le. He is already an adult. Xiǎoháizi: Although háizi means "child," the expression more commonly used is xiǎohāizi, literally, "small child."

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Reference List (in Běijīng) 1. A: Qǐng ni gěi wǒ kànkan nèige huāpíng. 请你给我看看那个花瓶？ Please give me that vase to look at. 2. B: Něige? Zhèige lánde, háishi zhèige hóngde? 哪个？这个兰的，还是这个红的？ Which one? This blue one or this red, one? 3. A: Nèi liǎngge dōu gěi wǒ kànkan, hǎo ma? 那两个都给我看看，好吗？ Give me both of them to look at. All right? B: Hǎo. 好。 Certainly. 4. A: Lánde tài guì le. 蓝的太贵了。 The blue one is too expensive. 5. A: Wǒ mǎi hóngde ba. Hóngde pyányi. 我买红的把。红的便宜。 I'll buy the red one, I guess. The red one is cheaper. B: Èng, hóngde piányi. ？？，红的便宜。 Mm, the red one is cheaper. 6. C: Zhèi liǎngge xuésheng, něige hǎo? 这两个学生，哪个好？ Which of these two students is better? D: Sīmǎ Xìn hǎo. 司马信好。 Sīmǎ Xìn is better. 7. A: Nǐ yǒu dà yìdiǎnrde ma? 你有大一点儿的吗？ Do you have one a little larger? B: Yǒu. Nín kàn zhèige zěnmeyàng? 有。您看这个怎么样？ We do. What do you think of this one? 8. A: Zhèige dàde zhēn hǎokàn. 这个大的真好看。 This large one is really nice looking. 9. A: Hǎo, wǒ mǎi dàde ba. 好我买大的把。 Okay, I'll' buy the large one, I guess. B: Nín yào jǐge? 您要几个？ How many do you want? A: Qǐng gěi wǒ liǎngge ba. 请给我两个把。 How about giving me two, please. Additional required vocabulary (not presented on C-l and P-I tapes) 10. bái 白 to be white 11. hēi 黑 to be black 12. huáng 黄 to be yellow, to be brown 13. lǜ 绿 to be green 14. jiù 旧 to be old, to be used, to be worn 15. xīn 新 to be new 16. gāo 高 to be tall 17. ǎi 矮 to he short (of stature) 18. gāoxìng 高兴 to be happy 19. nánkàn 难看 to be ugly 20. yìbǎ yǔsǎn 一把雨伞 one umbrella 21. kàn 看 to read, to look at, to visit

Vocabulary ǎi 矮 to be short (of stature) -bǎ 把 counter for things with handles bái 白 to be white gāo 高 to be tall gāoxìng 高兴 to be happy guì 贵 to be expensive háishi 还是 or hǎo 好 to be better hǎokàn 好看 to be beautiful, to be nice looking hēi 黑 to be black hóng 红 to be red huáng 黄 to be yellow, to te brown huāpíng 花瓶 vase jiù 旧 to be old, to be used, to be worn kàn 看 to think (express an opinion) kànkan 看看 to read, to look at, to visit, to look at lán 蓝 to be blue lǜ 绿 to be green nánkàn 难看 to be ugly piányi 便宜 to be inexpensive, to be cheap tài 太 too (excessive) xīn 新 to be new yǔsǎn 雨伞 umbrella zěnmeyàng 怎么样 to be how, how is __? zhēn 真 really

Reference Notes

Notes on №1 1. A: Qǐng ni gěi wǒ kànkan nèige huāpíng. 请你给我看看那个花瓶？ Please give me that vase to look at. Reduplication of action verbs: In the sentence above, the action verb kàn appears in reduplicated form: kànkan [stress on first syllable; second syllable unstressed, usually toneless]. The reduplicated verb could also have been formed with yī between the two syllables: kànyikan , literally, "to look one look." kànyikan or kàn is used when you want to say "to have/take a look (at something.) Many but not all, action verbs may be reduplicated, Of the verbs you learned, niàn, shuō, tīng, xiě, and xiǎng may be reduplicated this way. Reduplication is another my of indicating aspect. The aspect marker -guo, le, and ne have already been introduced. For the meaning of the word "aspect," see BIO, Unit 4. By using a reduplicated verb, you express the INDEFIHITENESS of an action. Use a reduplicated verb when the duration or extent of an action or the amount verb object is indefinite. For example, saying Qǐng nǐ gěi wǒ kànkan indicate an indefinite duration for the action of looking at the vase. There are several reasons for using a reduplicated verb to Indicate finite action. In the Reference List sentence above, a speaker asks permission to look at something; therefore, his request must be tentative and undemanding, Reduplicated verbs are not commonly used with the aspect marker le (perhaps because stressing both the indefiniteness and the completion of action would not be consistent). When completion le does occur with reduplicated verb, the marker is placed after the first half of that verb before the second half. The second half of the reduplicated verb then resembles an object, as in "looked one look" or "thought a thought." Wǒ kànle kàn nèige huāpíng. I looked at that vase. kàn and xiǎng are the two verbs you have learned which may take le when reduplicated. To make a reduplicated verb negative (with bù or méi) would be as wrong as saying in English "I don't look at it a little." To say that an action was not performed, is habitually not performed, or will not be performed, use the simple form of the verb, not the reduplicated form: Zhèifèn bào, wǒ hái méiyou kàn. I haven't read this paper yet. Wǒ bú kàn Zhōngwén bào. I don't read Chinese newspapers. Wǒ bú kàn zhèige. I'm not going to read this. The objects of reduplicated action verbs cannot be indefinite. For example, it is wrong to say because Qǐng nǐ gěi wǒ kànkan yige huāpíng, because yige huāpíng "a vase," is indefinite—which vase is not known, However, reduplicated verbs may have noun objects which are specified, like "that vase." Examples Niànnian shū, kànkan bào dōu hěn hǎo. Studying a little and reading a little are both nice. Tā jiù shi shuōshuo. He's just talking. Nǐ tīngting tā shuō shénme. Listen to what he is saying. Tā tiāntian dōu kànkan shū, xiěxie zì. Every day he reads a little and writes characters a bit. Ni xiǎngxiang tā xìng shénme. Try to think what his surname is. Note Notice that in some of the examples the verb kàn means "to read," not "to look at."

Notes on №2 2. B: Něige? Zhèige lánde, háishi zhèige hóngde? 哪个？这个兰的，还是这个红的？ Which one? This blue one or this red, one? means 11 or.If In a cboice-type ^estion without hilshi，bpth choices muet include a vert; but in & guestion containing hlīshi> the second verb may be omitted-

Notes on №3 3. A: Nèi liǎngge dōu gěi wǒ kànkan, hǎo ma? 那两个都给我看看，好吗？ Give me both of them to look at. All right? B: Hǎo. 好。 Certainly.

Notes on №4 4. A: Lánde tài guì le. 蓝的太贵了。 The blue one is too expensive.

Notes on №5 5. A: Wǒ mǎi hóngde ba. Hóngde pyányi. 我买红的把。红的便宜。 I'll buy the red one, I guess. The red one is cheaper. B: Èng, hóngde piányi. ？？，红的便宜。 Mm, the red one is cheaper.

Notes on №6 6. C: Zhèi liǎngge xuésheng, něige hǎo? 这两个学生，哪个好？ Which of these two students is better? D: Sīmǎ Xìn hǎo. 司马信好。 Sīmǎ Xìn is better.

Notes on №7 7. A: Nǐ yǒu dà yìdiǎnrde ma? 你有大一点儿的吗？ Do you have one a little larger? B: Yǒu. Nín kàn zhèige zěnmeyàng? 有。您看这个怎么样？ We do. What do you think of this one?

Notes on №8-9 8. A: Zhèige dàde zhēn hǎokàn. 这个大的真好看。 This large one is really nice looking. 9. A: Hǎo, wǒ mǎi dàde ba. 好我买大的把。 Okay, I'll' buy the large one, I guess. B: Nín yào jǐge? 您要几个？ How many do you want? A: Qǐng gěi wǒ liǎngge ba. 请给我两个把。 How about giving me two, please.

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