STANDARD CHINESE A Modular Approach

OPTIONAL MODULE: Personal Welfare

SPONSORED BY

AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS

This publication is to be used primarily in support of training military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:

Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center Nonresident Training Division Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006

Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of view are sometimes included in language training for DLIFLC students, since military personnel may find themselves in positions where clear understanding of conversations or written material of this nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of controversial statements—whether real or apparent—in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, the Defense Language Institute, or the Department of Defense.

Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC instructional materials to provide instruction in their pronunciation and meanings. The selection of such proprietary terms and names is based solely on their value for instruction in the language and does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial enterprise nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other brand names and businesses not mentioned.

In DLIFLC publications, the words "he," "him" and “his” denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language texts.

PREFACE

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1^73 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Taipei and in Peking.

The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.

A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department¹s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder,工工工，Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff, III (FSI);

Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).

The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute• Each of the six’ U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.

Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia 0^fConnor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the Fall of 19了了， Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.

Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey,

Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-"based classroom activities and wrote the teacher*s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 19了8 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.

All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chi Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.

Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Bascia.no, Lisa A. Bowden, Beth Broomell, Jill W, Ellis, Donna Fong, Judith J. Kieda, Renee T, C. Liang, Thomas Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.

The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms • Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr, Chen, Ms • Diao, Ms, Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry,

Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.

The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute, the Foreign Service Institute, the Language Learning Center, the United States Air Force Academy, the University of Illinois, and the University of Virginia.

The Defense Language Institute printed the preliminary materials used for field testing and has likewise printed this edition.

WLF

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface...............................iii

Optional Modules • ................................................1

Objectives for the Personal Welfare Module •••••• ............2

Unit 1: Weather and Terrain

Part I Winter and Summer ......... ...........3

Part II Spring and Fall.........................T

Part III Terrain........................................10

Unit Vocabulary List....................................13

Unit 2: Clothing

Part I Buying Clothes................................15

Part II Buying Clothes................................19

Part III Having Clothes Made............................25

Unit Vocabulary List.........................30

Unit 3: Hair Care

Part I At the Barber..................32

Part II At the Hairdresser............................38

Unit Vocabulary List............................U3

Unit U: In the Home

Part I Personal Belongings...............UU

Part II Parts of the Home..............................U8

Part II Taking Care of Children................55

Unit Vocabulary List....................................59

Unit 5： Minor Physical Complaints

Part I Colds and Fevers....................6l

Part II Stomach Ailments..............................66

Part III Taking Temperatures and Blood Pressure • • • •    了1

Unit Vocabulary List....................................了U

Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties

Part I Losing a Driver¹ s License................了6

Part II A Motorcycle Accident..........................8l

Part III Crossing into a Restricted Area................86

Unit Vocabulary List....................................90

Appendices:

1.    Parts of the Body...................92

2.    Medical Conditions and Illnesses....................9^

3.    Furniture and Household Items........................95

U. Parts of a House..............................96

Module Vocabulary List ...................... 97

OPTIONAL MODULES

Why some modules are optional

Optional modules present situations which some of our users will find necessary and others dispensable- For instance, college students rarely take cars vith them to China. People serving in the military may have no need of finding hotel accomodations or housing. People working for the government may rarely use the local postal system. You may choose to study one, some, all or none of the optional modules, basing your decision on factors such as the ajTiOunt of time available in your curriculum and the relevance of these topics to your goals. We hope you will find that these optional modules add flexibility to your use of the course.

Format of optional modules

Optional modules ’’look” different from core modules. A unit is divided into two or three parts, each with its own reference list, reference notes, and dialogues. There is only one tape, not five, per unit. The unit tape combines the C-l and F-l formats you have used in the core modules. Most of the explanation for the new material is not found on the tape, however， but in the reference notes in the text.

When to use an optional module

Since each unit introduces more vocabulary but less new grammar than «a core module， you can use an optional module when you see the need to enrich your vocabulary.

You don^ft have to go all the way through an optional module at once.

You may use a unit at a time for variety while working on a core module, or several units as a break between core modules.

How to vork through an optional module tape

You may have found that you could work through the C-l and P-l tapes of a core iriodule unit just once, perhaps going back over a few sections twice, With optional rr.odule tapes, however, you will probably want to work through rr‘(、re than once, frequently stopping to read the notes and rewinding to listen

apain.

Optional Module: Personal Welfare

The Personal Welfare Module (WLF) will provide you with the skills needed to take care of a variety of personal needs and handle yourself in a number of possibly difficult situations.

Before starting Unit 1 of this module, you should have at least completed the Money Module (MON); and before starting Unit 3， you should have at least completed the Transportation Module (TRN).

OBJECTIVES

When you have finished this module, you will be able to:

1.    Describe the weather in all four seasons for your present locale, a Chinese city, and your hometown.

2.    Describe the location, geographical setting, population, and air quality of the three areas in No. 1.

3.    Give the names of five or more items of clothing.

U. Get your hair cut or styled.

• 5. Describe several items you ordinarily carry with you when traveling.

6.    Give the names of and describe the different rooms in a house.

7.    Give simple directions to a babysitter.

8.    Ask and answer questions about the common cold and its symptoms.

-Offer advice on what to do for a simple ailment. Understand the use of kaishui, ""boiled water,

9.    Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how to give normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell "where it hurts” (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary.)

10.    Describe accidents where injuries occur, and tell someone to call an ambulance.

11.    Report the loss of a passport to the appropriate officials. Find out where to go to report the loss and "be able to determine whether adequate translation facilities will be available.

12.    Use the words for ¹¹ danger¹¹ and "caution” in grammatical, situationally appropriate sentences. Describe how someone entered a restricted area and how and for what reasons he was escorted out.

Personal Welfare Module， Unit 1 * Weather and Terrain

REFERENCE LIST

1.    Jīntiān tiānqi hen hao.    The weather is very nice today•

2.    Nī laojiāde qihou zěnmeyang?    How is the climate in your hometown?

3.    D5ngtiān hen lěng.    It’s cold in the winter.

U. Chāngchang xia xuě.    It often snows•

5.    Xiatiān hen re.    In the summer it^fs hot.

6.    Jīntiān tian qlng le.    It cleared up today.

7.    Wo juěde Taizhōngde qihou hen    I feel that Taichung*s climate is

hao.    very nice.

8.    Shanghaide dSngtiān hen shǎo    It seldom snows in the vinter in

xiā xuě.    Shanghai.

9.    Jīntiān zhěrde tiānqi hen    The weather here is very cool

liangkuai•    today.

10.    chang    often (alternate word for changchāng.)

REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I

Jīntiān tiānqi hen hǎo: Notice that the time vord jīntiān "today” is placed "before the subject, not directly before the vert here. Most time words of more than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either case before the verb. Examples:

Qūnian wo hāi bu hui xiě zi.    Last year I still couldn^ft write

characters•

Wo xianzai hui xiě yidian le.    Nov I can write a little.

q.ihou: "climate” Also pronounced qihou (with hou in the neutral tone).

DSngtiān hen lěng. : "It's cold in winter’，The adverb hen is not translated here. Often hen adds little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival vert, and doesn’t need to be translated by ^,fvery.^f? Later，you may notice • that sometimes we translate the hen literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from the translation- It is not a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of feeling, and may be, we admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision.

changchang: "often, frequently, usually” An alternate form of this word is chang.    *

Ta chāngchang qū Xianggang.    She often goes to Hong Kong.

Ta chāng kan baozhi.    He often reads the newspaper.

The phrase "very often,’ is NOT formed by using hen with chang; instead, just use chang or changchang. If you must stress that something happens very often, use a phrase like "every few days.^M

xia xuě: "to snow” or more literally "(there) falls snow.’，The subject xuě ^f,snow^,? normally follows the verb xia ^flto descend/’ This reversal of subject and verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather expressions.

Ou, xia xuě le.    Oh, it ^fs snowing.

Xiā xuě ma? Bu xia.

You měiyou xiā xue?

Meiyou.    ►    Is it snowing? No.

Xiā xuě le měiyou?

Měiyou.

Jīntiān xia xuě bu xia xuě?    Is it going to snow today?

Xianzai bu xiā xuě le.    It *s not snowing anymore.

tian: "heaven, sky, day•"

Aiya, wǒde tiān na!    Oh my heavens!

Tiān zhidao!    Heaven only knows!

q.lng: "to be clear, to clear up” In the sentence Tiān qing le， the marker le_ tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared up.

juěde ’’to feel” Here juěde is used to mean "to feel, to think, to have an opinion about something-ⁿ It can also mean "to feel" in a physical way, as in "to feel sick.^H Nǐ juěde . . . zenmeyang? can be well translated as ^f’How do you like . . . ?

hen shao: "It seldom snows in Shanghai in the winter.^M The adjectival verb shao "to be few” is used here as an adverb ’’seldom，" and as such comes before the verb. Notice that hen shao, ’’seldom,’¹ and changchang, "often，’’ are used as opposites.

English is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions: it uses the meaningless subject "it,” as in ^T,It snows.

Jintian zherde tiānqi hen liangkuai: ”Today the weather here is very cool.⁷¹ ~Again, it is not necessary to translate hěn as "very" in this sentence; the meaning depends on the speaker's intonation and emphasis.

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I

An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Běijīng.

M: Jīntiān tiānqi hen hao,    The weather is very good today,

shi bu shi?    isn't it?

F: Shi a! Jīntiān tiān qlng le.    It is! Today it has cleared up.

M: Nǐ laojiāde qihou zěnmeyang?    What¹s the climate like where

you¹re from?

F: Wo laojiā zai Jiujīnshan. Narde My hometown is San Francisco. The qihou hěn hǎo. Dongtian bu    climate there is very good. It

lěng, xiatiān yě bu tāi re,    isn^ft cold in the winter, and it

isn’t too hot in the summer, either,

M: Nǐ juěde Beijing zenmeyang?    How do you like Běijīng? [Literally，

”How do you feel B?ijīng is?”]

F: Zhěi jǐtian Beijing tiāntiān xia It*s been snowing these last fev

xuě, tai lěng le.    days in Běijīng and it*s been too

cold.

NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE

juěde: "to feel” This may mean ”to feel (physically)" or "to feel (emotionally), to think." It is often used, as in the Reference List sentence, to preface a statement of opinion. W5 juěde ..• may sometimes be translated as ^f,I think that ...¹¹

Wo juěde ta kěyi zuo.    I think he can do it.

And here are some examples using juěde to mean ’’feel (physically )^M ：

Wo juěde hen re.    I feel hot.

Wo juěde bū shūfu.    I don^ft feel well. (Literally， ”1

feel not-vell.”）

Nǐ juede Běijīng zenmeyang?: "How do you like Běijīng?” or ”What do you think of Beijing? More literally， "You feel Běijīng is hov?”

tāi lěng le： ^flit^fs been too cold" The marker l£ is the marker for new

situations. It is often used to reinforce the idea of "excessive." Another

example is Tai gui le! ^,?It^fs too expensive!"

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PAET I

An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei.

M: Ni laojiā zāi nali?    Where^fs your hometown?

F: Zai Niu Yuě.    It *s New York.

M: Niǔ Yuede qihou zenmeyāng?    What is New York^fs climate like?

F: Niǔ Yuede qihou bu tai hao.    New Yorkfs climate isn’t too good.

Dongtian leng， xiatiān re.    It丨s cold in the winter and hot

Ni laojiā zai nali?    in the summer. Where¹s your

hometown•

M: Zai Shanghai. Shanghaide dong-    It^fs Shanghai. It seldom snows in

tian h§n shǎo xiā xuě, keshi    Shanghai in the winter, but it¹s

yě hěn leng.    cold there, too.

F: Xiatiān zěnmeyang?    What’s it like in the summer?

M: Ou, xiatiān hěn re.    Oh, it^fs hot in the summer,

F: Jīntiān zhěrde tiānqi hěn lian名一    The veather today is cool. Let's go

kuai. Women chūqu zouzou* hSo    out and walk around, okay? bu hao?

M: Hao.    Okay.

NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE *zSuzou; "to walk around^M

PART II

11.    D5ngtiān changchang guā fēng.    It's often windy in the winter.

12.    Sānyue jiu kāish? nuanhuo le.    By March it is already starting to

get warm.    '

13.    Chuntiān hěn duan.    Spring is very short.

lU_# Xiatiān y5ude shihou xia yǔ.    It sometimes rains in the summer.

15.    Qiūtiān zui hǎo.    Fall is the best (season).

16.    Nǐ shi shenme shihou likai    When did you leave BSiJIng?

Beijingde?

17.    W5 zhen xiǎng Jiāzhou.    I really miss California.

18.    Xiatiān bu shi hěn chaoshi.    It's not very humid in the summer.

19.    Tin^shuo Taiwan changchang guā I hear that Taiwan often has

taifēng.    typhoons.

20.    chang    to be long REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II

guǎ fēng: ’’（there) blows wind,’ Gua literally means "to scrape,” but when used in connection vith fēng，"wind,’¹ it means ,’to blow.¹¹ Like other weather expressions, such as xia xuě ”to snow，" the subject feng usually follows the vert ^ua. To say ”very windy,¹，you say that the wind is big, either Fēng hen da or Gua da fēng.    -

Sānyue: ^,fby March’’ A time word before the verb may mean ^f,byⁿ a certain time as well as ”at’，a certain time,

Sānyue jiū kāishi nuǎnhuo le: "By March it is already starting to get warm. When the time word before it is given extra stress, the adverb jiu indicates that the event in question happens earlier than might be expected.

The marker le_ after the state verb nuanhuo，"to be warm,’，tells us that it is being used here as a process verb, ^?Tto get warm.’，

y5ude shihou: "sometimes” This is also said as you shihou.

xiā yǔ: ⁿto rain” Literally, ^M(there) falls rain." Now you have seen three weather expressions where the subject normally follows the verb: xia xuě, gua fēng and xia yǔ.

WLF, Unit 1

WS zhēn xiǎng Jiazhōu: ^,fI really miss California” The verb xiSng, translated here as ’’to miss,^,T is the same verb as ’’to think”（"I really think of California [vith nostalgia]¹，) •

xiatiān bu shi hěn chaoshi: ^ffIt^fs not very humid in the summer." The shi is not obligatory in the sentence. It would also be correct to say bu hěn chaoshi,

taifěng: "typhoon” The Chinese word taifēng was "borrowed into the English language as ’’typhoon.”

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II

An American woman is talking vith a Chinese man in Hong Kong:

F: N5C llkai Běijīng duSshao nian le? How many years has it been since

you left Běijīng?

M: Yijīng you ěrshi*banian le.    It's already been twenty-eight

years•

F: Nī llkai zhěme Jiǔ, xiang bu    Itbeen so long since you left,

xiǎng Běijīng?    do you miss Běijīng?

M: Y5u'shihou xiang.    Sometimes I miss it.

F: TīngshuS Běijīng qiūtiande    I hear that the autumn weather in

tiānqi zux hao, shi bu shi?    Běijīng is the best, isn^ft it?

M: Dui le, qiūtiande tiSnqi zui    Right, the autumn weather is the

hao, bū lěng yě bu re.    best; it^fs neither cold nor hot.

F: DSngtian xia xue ma?    Does it snow in the winter?

M: Dongtian you shihou xia xuě,    It sometimes snows in the winter,

ye changchang gua fēng.    and it¹ s often windy, too.

F: Shenme shihou kāishi nuanhuo?    When does it start to get varm?

M: Sanyuě Jiu kai^hl nuanhuo le.    It starts to get warm by March,

Keshi chūntian hěn duan,    But the spring is very short,

VfiSyuě jiu re le.    In May it starts to get hot.

F: Xiatiān chaoshī ma?    Is it humid in the summer?

M: Xiatiān ySude shihou xia yǔ,    It sometimes rains in the summer,

kSshi "bfi shi hSn chaoshī.    but it¹ s not very humid.

NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE

Nǐ llkai zhěme jiu： ^!,īt^fs been so long since you left” You have

seen jiǔ，which means ^!Tto be long in time，” in the phrase du$ jiǔ, "how long

(a time)’’    *

SECOND DIALOGUE FCR PART II

An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:

M: Nǐ Juěde Taiběi chūntiande    Do you feel that the spring weather

tiānqi hǎo bu hao?    in Taipei is good?

F: Wo juěde zhělide chūntian hěn    I feel the spring here is very good.

hao, Sānyue jiu nuanhuo le.    It gets warm in March. But I hear

Keshi wo tīngshuS xiātian hen    the summer is hot， right? re, dui bu dui?

M: Dui le. Zhělide xiātian hěn    Right. The summer here is very hot,

re, changchang xia yu, hěn    and it often rains; it^fs very

chaoshī.    humid.

F: Tingshuo yě changchang guā    I^fve also heard that there are often

taifēng.    typhoons.

M: Dui le.    Yes.

F: Taiběide qiutiān ne?    How about the fall in Taipei?

M: ōu, Jiǔ-Shiyuě hai hěn re,    Oh, in September and October it*s

Shiyīyuě jiū liangkuai le,    still hot. By November it gets

cool.

PART III

21.    Ni lǎojiǎ zai chěngli    Is your home in the city or in the

hiishi zai xiangxia?    country?

22.    Nali you shān, you senlin,    There are mountains and forests there,

hai you hu.    and lakes， too.

23.    Feng.lǐng hěn hǎo, kSngqi    The scenery is very nice and the air

hěn xinxian.    is fresh•

2U, Nǐ lǎojia fuj inde huan.1 ing    What¹ s the country like where you，re

zěnmeyang?    from?

25.    Nǐ laojiā něige difang    What¹s the population of your

y5u duoshao rěnkou?    hometown?

26,    You wǔqian rěn zuoyou.    There are about five thousand

people.

2了. Nilr měiyou kongqi vǔrǎn.    There¹ s no air pollution there,

28 • Haibian hěn qinRjing.    The seashore is very quiet.

29.    Zhěr fujin you he ma?    Are there any rivers in this area?

30.    chěng    city

REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III

chěngli: ^f,in the city/¹ literally ^uinside the city wall.ⁿ xiangxia: ⁿcoiintryⁿ Also pronounced xiāngxia (with neutral tone xia) • fu.1 in: ’Vicinity¹’ Also pronounced

huajijlng: "environment，surroundings,^,f In No • 2k the phrase m laojiā fujinde huan.1 ing is literally ”the environment of the vicinity of your original home. ¹

nǐ lao.lia neige difajig: "your hometown" Lao.jia by itself only means ’’original home. To get the meaning "hometown," you must refer to the place (něige dlfang) where your "original home" (lǎojiā) is. Notice the different phrasing in the following sentences:

Nǐ laojiā něige difang you    What^fs the population of your

duSshao rěnkou?    hometown?

Nl laojiā nar you měiyou shan? Are there mountains where your

original home is?

Nl iSojiā zai xiāngxia ma?    Is your original home in the country?

shan, hū, he: "mountain, lake, river" These three words are used with the four points of the compass to make several province names.

ShāndSng    east of the (Tāihing) mountains

Shānxī    west of the (Taihang) mountains

Hěběi    north of the (Yellov) river

Henan    south of the (Yellov) river

Hňběi    north of the (Dongtlng) lake

Hunan    south of the (Dongtlng) lake

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III

An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Běijīng:

M: Ni lǎojia fǔjinde huanjing    What^fs the country like where you¹ re

zěnmeyan g ?    from ?

F: Wo lǎojiǎde fujin you hěn duo    There are a lot of mountains near

shǎn.    where I’m from.

M: Něige xiǎo chěngde fēngjing    That little town must have very

hen hao ba!    good scenery!

F: Dui le. Narde fēngjǐng hěn    Right. The scenery there is v^ry

hao. You sēnlin, hUi    good. There are forests and also

you he.    rivers.

M: Narde kongqi hěn xīnxian ba.    I suppose the air there is very

fresh.

F: Shi a! Nar měiyou kSngqi    Yes! There is no air pollution

wurǎn.    there.

M: Něige xiǎo chěng you du5shǎo    What*s the population of that

rěnkou?    little town?

F: You slqiān rěn zuoyou.    There are about four thousand

people.

NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE

něige xiǎo chěng: "that little town” You^fve learned that chěngli means "in the city. One word for ”city” by itself is chěng [another is chěngshi1.

Nī shuode shi něige Huāshěngdun? Which Washington are you talking Shi zhou haishi chěng?    about? The state or the city?

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III

An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei:

M; Nī lǎojia zai chěnglǐ haishi    Is your home in the city or in the

zai xiāngxia?    country?

F: Zai xiāngxia. Nali you shān,    It^?s in the country. There are

you sēnlin, hai you hu.    mountains there, and forests, and

Fēngjǐng hěn hāo. WS likāi    lakes, too. The scenery is very

nali yjjlng you wǔniān le.    good. It's already been five

Wo hěn xiǎng wode laojiā.    years since I left there. I

miss my original home very much.

M: Nī laojia něige difang you    What *s the population of your home-

duSshǎo rěnkou?    town?

F: Sanqiān rěn zuǒyou.    About three thousand.

M: Na hěn qlngj ing "ba?    Then it must be very quiet, I suppose?

F: Dui le, hěn qlngjing, KSngqi    Right, it^fs very quiet. The air is

yě xinxian. Ntde jia zai    fresh， too. What part of Chang-

Zhanghua shenme difang?    hua is your home in?

M: Zai TianzhSng fuj in. Nali    Near T^fienchung. The scenery there

fingjIng yě hen hǎo₄ měiyou    is also very nice, and there’s no

kSngqi wurǎn.    air pollution•

NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE

Wo likai nali yǐjing you vǔnian le: "(Since) I left there it has been five years.”The marker le at the end of the sentence is new-situation le, and is necessary here. It shows that the duration stated (five years) is as of the present moment (^ffso far,’）. Another point to bear in mind is that Le is used at the end of most sentences containing yǐjing.

Zhānghua, ⁿChanghua,is the name of a city and a county on the vest coast of central Taiwan. T^fienchung (TianzhSng) is a village in southeastern Changhua county.

Unit 1, Vocabulary

ching    often

chāiigchang    often

chāoshi    to be humid

chěng    city, tovn    *

chěngli    in the city

chuntiān (chūntian)    spring

dSngtiān (dongtian)    winter

duan    to be short

feng    wind

fěngjing    scenery

fujin (fujin)    area， neighborhood

guā    to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc.)

hǎibiān(r)    seashore

he    river

hū    lake

hu&ajing    environment

juěde    to feel

kāishi    to begin, to start

kongqi (kongqi)    air

kongqi vǔrǎn    air pollution

lěng    to be cold

liāngkuai    to be cool

likai    to leave

nuanhuo    to be warm

qihou (qihou)    climate

qlng    to be clear

qingjing    to "be quiet

qiūtiān (qiǔtian)    fall, autumn

re    to be hot

rěnkou    population

sēnlin    forest

shān    mountain

shao    to be few; seldom

tāifeng    typhoon

tiān    sky, heaven

tiānqi (tiānqi)    weather

tingshuo    to hear that, to hear it said

wūrǎn    pollution

xiSng    to miss, to think of

xiāngxia (xiāngxia)    in the country, the countryside

xiatiān (xiatian)    summer

xia xuě    to snow

xiā yǔ    to rain

xīnxiān (xīnxian)    to be fresh

you(de) shihou    sometimes

zui    most， -est

zuSyou    approximately, about

Personal Welfare Module, Unit 2 Clothing

PART I

HEFKHKNCF； LliVV

1. ^rra Jint.iīin chuan fie yll'u zhēn    The clothes she is wearing today are

hǎo kan.    really pretty.

Wo xfiyao Jtjian xin yi fu.    I need some new clothes.

WǑcie dayi tai jiū le, wo xiang    My coat is too worn, I want to get

mǎi (yi)jian xīnde.    a new one.

J*. Bei.līngde d5ngtian hěn lěng,    Winter in Beijing is very cold; you

rn yiio mai hou yidiǎnrde.    need to buy a heavier one.

‘>• N? i3}ienme shihou yu_ tuzhuāngdian? When are you going to the clothing

store?

6. Gei wo mai yīshuāng tuoxiě，    Buy me a pair of slippers, would you?

hǎo bu hǎo?

. Taibei chang xia yu, m xūyao    It often rains in Taipei; you need a

yǔyl， yǔxiě.    raincoat and rainshoes.

B. Wode yǓGan huai le.    My umbrella has broken•

9.    Wo hai xūyao yitiao kuzi•    I also need a pair of pants.

10.    Cbūnliān lai le， wo xiang    Spring is coming; I^fd like to buy a

mǎi ban y j diande qjliizi •    lighter skirt.

1.1 . V:3 xiang mai yltao ^ānbufu.    I^fd like to buy a cadre suit.

1L^J. Wo shāngvu qu mai le yitiao    This morning I went and bought a

kuzi he_ ji.lian chěnshān •    pair of pants and a few shirts.

1，. xin    to be new

Ī<EFEH1*：NCKS NOTR] ON FART I

chuan: *’U丨 put on, to don" (clothes, shoes) Notice that Chinese uses an action varb, ^Mto put on," where English uses a state verb, ”to wear.”

You have to nd^ust your thinking a bit in order to use this verb correctly. When you want to say    MOT WEARING her coatyou actually say "She

JjIDN "I¹ 丨UT ON her coat,,ⁿ Ta měi chuan dayT.

Here are some example sentences using chuan ’’to put on.

Wo chuānle yishuāng hong xiě.    ī^fm wearing a pair of red shoes.

(I^fve put on a pair of red shoes.)

Wo měi chuan xiě.    I^fm not wearing shoes. (I didn^?t put

on shoes.)

Nī chuan bai xiě ma?    Do you wear white shoes? (HABIT) OR

Will you wear white shoes? (INTENTION)

W8 "bū chuan bai xiě.    I don*t wear white shoes (HABIT) OR

I won^?t wear white shoes. (INTENTION)

Chuan is not the only verb meaning ,’to put on” in Chinese. There is another verb dai which is used for wearing or putting on hats, wristwatches, ornaments, Jewelry, and gloves. DsLi is taught in Part II of this unit.

xuySo: "to need " This word may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. In either usage， it is always a state verb. It is， therefore, negated with

Wo xuyao qian.    I need money.

W5 xūyao shfJian.    I need time.

Wo xūyao ta.    I need her.

Wo xGySo huan qian*    I need to change money.

Ta xuyao zhīdao.    He needs to know.    •

-jlan: This is the counter for articles of clothing, as well as for things (dSngxi， shtqing), and suitcases.

dfltyl: ^,fovercoat¹¹ literally "big clothes"

jiu; ”to be old, to be worn" This is the word to use when describing things₉ whether concrete or abstract, but never people• [For people, use lSo: Ta lao le* ^MShe*s gotten old•”]

Na shi w5de jiu dizhJ.    That¹s my old address *

Ta hfiishi chuan jiu yīfu.    She^fs still wearing old clothes,

mSi (y£)jiān xīnde: The number yī- before a counter may be omitted when it directly follows a verb.

yao: "to need” In sentence No. U， you see a new usage of yao (n? yao mǎi hou yidiǎnrde "you need to buy a heavier one”）. In addition to meaning ^T，to want，yao has many uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning ^Mto need”

is one of the more common ones.

hou: "to be thick¹¹ In sentence No. k (•"rň yao mǎi hou yidiǎnrde".)， hou is translated as "heavier•” The basic meaning of hou is to be thick.

Zhěiběn shū hěn hou.    This book is very thick.

Yěli xiade xuě hen hou.    The snow that fell last night is

very deep.

Bāo ⁿto be thin, to be flimsy (of cloth, paper, etc.)，¹’ is often the opposite of hou.

tuSxiě: ’’slipper,’，literally ’’drag-shoes■’， In most households in Taiwan shoes are not worn into the house, so plenty of pairs of slippers are kept at the front door. This custom, established by Japanese influence, has the practical value of keeping the floors dry, which would otherwise be difficult given Taiwan's rainy climate• (In mainland China, shoes are worn into the house.)

huāi: This verb has a different meaning depending on whether it is a state ver"b or a process verb. As a state verb, huai means ’’to be bad," as a process verb, ”to go bad, to break.ⁿ

As a state verb:

Zuotiān tiānqi zhēn huai,    Yesterday the weather was really

jīntiān hao le.    bad, "but today it¹ s gotten better.

He! Tāde ZhSngguo hua zhēn bu Well! His Chinese is really not huai, a?    bad, huh?

As a process verb:

Wo zhěizhī "bǐ huai le.    This pen of mine is broken.

Zhěixiē juzi huai le, bu yao le. These tangerines have gone bad; we

don't want them (throw them out).

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I

The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung (Gaoxiong) in southern Taiwan. Here they are taking a walk in downtown Taipei. (Xiǎo Hua is their daughter.)

F: Zhěli fǔjin you hěn duo fuzhuāng-    There are a lot of clothing stores

dian, women qu mai yīfu, hao    in this area; why don^ft we go buy

bu hǎo?    some clothes?

M: Hao. N5l xiang mǎi shenme?    All right. What would you like to

buy?

F: Wo xiang mai yitiao kuzi he    I^fd like to buy a pair of slacks

jjjian chěnshān. Wo hai xiǎng    and a few shirts. I^fd also like

mSi yljian dayx.    to buy an overcoat.

M: Dui, ni chuānde zhěijian dayī    Bight, this overcoat you're wearing

tai jiu le, wSmen qu gěi ni    is too old. Let’s go buy you a

mi jian xīnde.    new one.

F: Nī y? xuyao mǎi yljian xin dayī,    You need to buy a new overcoat too,

shi "bu shi?    don^ft you?

M: Dui le. Taibeide dongtian you    Right. Winters in Taipei sometimes

shfhSu hěn leng, women yao mǎi    get very cold; ve should buy

hou yidiande dāyī. Wo hai    heavier coats. I also need

xuyao mǎi Jiān yǔyl, yě yao gei    to buy a raincoat, and I want to

Xiao Hua mSi yishuang yuxiě.    buy a pair of rainboots for Xiǎo

Hua, too.

F: ōu,, hai yao mai jJshuang tuōxiě.    Oh, we should buy a few pairs of

slippers, too,

M: HSo， vSmen xianzai Jiu qu.    Okay, let^fs go right nov.

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I

An American of Chinese descent (M) has    gone back to visit relatives in Běijīng.

Here he talks vith his cousin (F)•

F: Jīntiān xiawu women qū mǎi dōngxi    How about going shopping this after-

zěnmeyang?    noon?

M: Hao. N? yao mǎi shenme?    Okay. What do you want to buy?

F: Wo xiSng mǎi jījian yīfu, tiānqi    I^fd like to get a few clothes;

nuanhuo le, xǔyāo mǎi    the weather is warmer now, and

baode chěnshān he qunzi.    I need to "buy a lighter weight

blouse and skirt.

M: W5 ye xuyao mai yljian    I also need to buy a shirt, and

chěnshān, wS hāi xiang mai    I¹d like to buy a cadre suit,

yltao ganbufti.    too.

F: Ni yao mai ganbufu? Na，women    You want to buy a cadre suit?

yiqi qu fuzhuāngdian. Ōu,    Then we¹11 go to the clothing

dui le, Běijīng Qī-Bāyuě chang    store together. Oh, right, it

xia yǔ, nī you měiyou yǔxiě,    often rains in Běijīng in July

yǔsǎn?    and August, do you have rain

shoes and an umbrella?

M: Wǒde yǔxiě tai Jiū le, yǔsan yě    My rain shoes are too worn, and my

huai le, d5u děi mǎi xīnde le.    umbrella is broken. I have to

buy new ones of both,

F: Hǎo.    All right.

PART II

REFERENCE LIST

lU. Qǐngwěn, nali y5u mai něiyi    Excuse me, where do they sell under—

něikude?    shirts and underpants?

15.    Zhějian ji'akě shi nilongde,    This jacket is made of nylon, isn*t

shi ba?    it?

16.    Jīntiān hěn leng, ni bu dai    It¹s cold today, aren^ft you going to

maozi ma?    wear your hat?

1了. W5 něidǐng po maozi tāi nankān    That old hat of mine looks awful， I

le, wo bu xiǎng dai.    don，t want to wear it,

l8. Nǐde vazi gou bu gou? WS gěi    Do you have enough socks? 1*11 buy

ni mai jǐshuāng.    you a few pairs.

19• A: Nǐ yao mǎi jiakě haishi    Do you want to buy a jacket or a

vaitāo?    coat?

B: Wo gěi wo xiansheng mai    I want to buy a jacket for my

jiakě, gěi wo zijǐ mǎi    husband and a coat for myself, wāitao.

20, Vo maile yishuang hēi yansěde    I bought a pair of black shoes and

plxiě he yltāo shuiyi•    a pair of pajamas•

21.    A: ' Zhěli you ge shubǎo， shi    There¹s a tote bag here; whose

shěide?    is it?

B: A, shi wǒde, wo vang le.    Oh, it^fs mine, I forgot it.

22,    A: wSde maoyī po le.    My sweater is worn through/torn/

damaged•

B: Na ni dei qu mai xīnde le. Then you have to go buy a new one.

REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II

něiyi, něiku: Něi means "inner.” Něiku means ”underpants” (ku as in kuzi)• Neiyī means "underclothes” in general, but when contrasted with něikū takes on the specific meaning "undershirt.” The 这 means ’’clothing, garment，’’ as in yīfu.

jiakě: ”Jacket，" a word borrowed from English. Jiākě refers only to jackets cut above the waist; a suit jacket vould be waitao (see note below). Also pronounced jiakě. In Běijīng, this word has an -r^ ending.

nilong: "nylon," another borrowing from English.

dai: "to put on, to don" a hat, wristwatch, gloves, glasses, jewelry or other things which are not necessary to one's apparel. As with the verb chuān which you learned in Part I， when you use dai you have to adjust your thinking from the idea of "to wear” to the idea of ”put on•” For ”Do you wear glasses?" you would say "Do you put on glasses?”： Nǐ dai bu dai yǎnjing?*

For ”She,s not wearing glassesⁿ you would say ”She didn^ft put on glasses’*:

Ta měi dai yanjing. Contrast

Ta "bu dai maozi.    She doesn’t wear hats. (HABIT)

OR She won^ft wear a hat. (INTENTION)

Ta měi dai maozi.    She didn't put on a hat,

OR She didn’t wear a hat.

OR She doesn’t have a hat on.

(The translations given only cover some of the possible ones. Other aspect markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in progress Czail, the marker for duration [-zhe]， the marker for lack of change [ne]， etc., can be used to make more precise the meaning of a sentence.)

-ding: The counter for maozi，^f,hat.Literally, -ding means "top/’

-rr-

•ySnjing: "glasses" (counter: -fu)

po： ”to be broken/damaged/torn/worn out" In po maozi, "old/ worn/ tattered hat,¹¹ £o stands before a noun to modify it.这 is also frequently used as a process verb, "to break, to become dajnaged/torn/worn out.

Wo kankan, nide Jiākě shi bu    Let me have a look,-has your

shi po le?    jacket been torn/worn through?

In Part I you learned huai, "to go bad, to break.^Tl Huai means that something becomes unusable or stops working, while go means that something develops a tear, cut, split, hole, break, etc. Jiū in Part I had for one possible translation "to be worn," but jiu and £d are quite different: jiū le means to have changed color or shape after a long period of time or use, whereas po le means that the thing is no longer intact, whether the damage is caused "by time, use, or accident•

gou: ”to be enough” This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence, never (like English，’enough") before a noun. You must therefore recast English sentences with "enough” into the Chinese pattern when you translate, e.g.

Do you have -> Are your socks    Nide wSzi

enough socks?    enough?    gou "bu gōu?

I don^ft have -> shirts aren't    WSde chěnshān

enough shirts    enough.    bu g3u.

There aren^ft -The rice "bowls    Fanwan bu gou.

enough rice bovls.    aren’t enough.

waitao： This word has two meanings: (l) „coat, overcoat,¹¹ and (2) a ”Jacket" which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A jacket cut above the waist is Jiakě*)

zijǐ: ’’oneself; myself, yourself, himself, etc.’，This is a special pronoun. It can be used by itself, or it can follow another pronoun like nī, wo, ta, etc. Here are some examples. (For the first, you need to know -zhSng, "kind,” and for the last, you need to know zu$, ^flto make.)

Mai yīfu, zui hao mai zijǐ    When buying clothes， it is best to

xihuande něizhǒng,    buy the kind one likes oneself.

Na shi wo ztj?de shi.    That’s my own business.

Zhěi shi tā zijl zuode, bū    She made this herself, it isn^ft

shi maide.    (store-)bought.

plxiě: Western-style "leather shoes，" a word commonly used where we would just say "shoes，，’ since traditional Chinese shoes (buxiě) are made of cloth.

shuiyi: "pajamas," literally, ”sleep-garment” This word can use two different counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to. 1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is -tao, ,’set•” (Although we say ⁿa pair of pajamas¹¹ in English, you cannot use the counter -shuang in Chinese. -Shuang is only for things that match, like shoes.)

2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter -jiān.

shǔbao: ”tote bag, carryall,¹¹ literally, ^ubook-sack.^,f Although still used with the original meaning of a student^fs ”bookbag,” shubao has now come to have a more general meaning, since bookbags are often used to carry things other than books. [There are other words for ⁿtote bag，，，but shūbāo is so useful that you should learn it first.]

vāng: ’’to forget; to forget to; to forget that"

Ni vang le ba?    You've forgotten, haven¹1 you?

Wo měi vāng.    No, I haven^Tt forgotten.

Wo wang(le) qū le.    I    forgot to go*

WS wang(le) dai maozi le.    I    forgot to put on my hat.

Wo wangle tā jidian zhSng lai.    工    forgot what time he is coming.

Wo wangle tǎ jiao shenme mlngzi.    I forgot what his name is.

Wo wangle wo jīntiān měi kě.    I forgot that I don^ft have any

classes today,

māoyī: ’’sweater," literally, ^f!woolen-garment •

Na, "in that case, then,” is always used at the very beginning of a sentence, for example,

Na， vSmen shěnme shfhou qu?    Then, when shall we go?

Na nǐ děi qu mai xīnde le: The le here is optional. It stresses that having to go buy a new sweater is a new situation.

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II

Tianjin. In the home of two senior cadres， a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping plans. (They live together with the wife's older sister.)

F: Ni zuStiān "bu shi shu5 xiang    Didn^ft you say yesterday that

qu mai něiyi, něikīi ma?    you wanted to go buy undershirts

and underpants?

M: Shi. a! Wo hai xiǎng mǎi Jian    Yes! I also want to buy an

vāitāo.    overcoat•

F: Mai waitaor a?! Nī něijian xīn    Buy an overcoat?! Isn^ft that

jiākě bū hǎo ma?    new jacket of yours good?

M: Hěn hǎo, keshi tiānqi yǐjīng    It's very good, but the veather

kāishǐ liang le, něijian    has already started to get cold,,

jiāke tai bao, wo xiang    and that Jacket is too light, so

mai jiān xīn wāitao.    I^fd like to get a new overcoat.

F: Nā women shěnme shihou qū?    Then when shall we go?

M: ōu, nǐ yě xiang qu a?    Oh, you want to go too?

F: Wo xiǎng qu mǎi yitao shuiyi,    I^fd like to go buy a pair of

mǎi liǎngshuāng nllong wazi.    pajamas and a couple of pairs

nylon socks•

M: Ou, hǎo, nā women xianzai jiū    Oh, all right, then let¹s go

qu, hāo Tdu hao?    right now, okay?

F: Hao, nǐ chuān něijian jiākě    Okay. Will it be enough for you

gou "bu gou? Tiānqi hěn    to wear that jacket? The

lěng a!    weather is very cold!

M: Gou le, wo hāi chuānle maoyī ne.    It’s enough. I have a sweater on

too •

F: Ug, wode shūbāo ne?    Huh, where¹s my tote bag?

M: Něige shubao shi bu shi?    Is that tote bag it?

F: Bu shi, nā shi wo Jiějiede. A!    No, that¹s my older sister's. Ah!

Zai zhěr!    Here it is!

M: Hao le ba?    All set?

F: Hao le, zSu ba!    All set* Let^fs go!

NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE

vode shūbāo ne?: Questions with    frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the sentence may be translated, "Where is my tote bag?’’

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II

Taipei. Conversation between a husband and wife. (Xiao Ming is their son.)

F: Yingmlng, xThuan wo Jīntiān gěi    Yingming, do you like the new hat

nī maide zhědīng maozi ma?    I bought for you today?

M: Duōshao qian maide?    How much did you pay for it?

F: Bu gui a! Nǐ bu xǐhuan?    It wasn't expensive! You don't like

it?

M: Ou, hěn hao kan. Nī shangwǔ qu    Oh, it’s nice. You went shopping

mǎi dSngxi la?    this morning?

F: Duī le.    Right.

M: Ni hai maile shěnme le?    What else did you buy?

F: Wo gěi nǐ maile liangJian chěn-    I bought you two shirts. And since

shān. Wo kan ni nājian lan    I saw that that blue sweater of

yansěde maoyī pole, hāi gěi    yours is worn through, I also

ni maile liǎngjian maoyī.    bought two sweaters for you. One

Yijian shi huangde, yijian shi    is yellov and one is green. Look,

lude. Nx kan. Xihuan ma?    Do you like them?

M: h§n hao kan. Xiěxie ni.    They're very nice, Thank you.

F: WS hai gei Xiao Ming maile    I also bought a fev undershirts

něiyī, něiku, he Jīshuang    and underpants and a few pairs of

wazi.    socks for Xiao Ming.

M: Nǐ gei ziji mai shěnme le?    What did you buy for yourself?

F: WS zijl maile yijian jiākě,    I bought myself a jacket and an

yijian waitao, hai maile    overcoat, and I also bought

yishuang xiě, yishuang hong    a pair of shoes, a pair of red

yānsěde pixie.    leather shoes.

M: Hai ySu měiyou?    Anything else?

F: Mm • . . měiyou le.    Um . • . no.

M: Na ni wangle gei wo mai shuiyi    Then you forgot to buy pajamas for

le ba?    me, didn't you?

F: Ou! Wo vang le! Wo mingtiān    Oh! ī forgot! I'll go buy them

qu m5i, hao bu hao?    tomorrow, all right?

M: HSo.    All right.

PART III REFERENCE LIST

22.    Nǐ yao zuo shenmeyangde yīfu?    What kind of clothing do you want

made?

23.    A: Wo yao zuo yijian qipāo•    I vant to have a cheongsam made.

B: Nǐ yao zuo shěnme liaozide? What material do you want it made

from?

A: Ni shuS yong shěnme liaozi What material do you think would be hǎo?    best to use?

B: Women zhěli you hěn duo    We have many different kinds of

zhSng liaozi, nin xǐhuan    material here; which kind do you

nǎyizhong?    prefer?

2U. A: Ni yao zuo shěnme yangzide? What style do you vant it?

B: Vo xǐhuan wo shēnshang    I like the one I have on. chuānde zhěijiān.

B: Nǐ ke bu kěyi zhao zhěige    Could you make it in this style? yangzi zuo?

25. Wo gěi nin liang chīcun, hao    I’ll take your measurements, all

"bu hǎo?    right?

26* Nǐ kankan zhěijiān mian^o    See if this cotton-padded jacket

hěshī bu hěshi.    fits you,

2了• xīzhuāng    Western-style clothes; Western-style

suit

REFERENCE NOTES

zuo: ’’to make，¹’ but in the Reference List sentence it is used for "to have made." Zuo yīfu has two possible meanings: "to make clothes" or ^T’to have clothes made.，’ The context will usually make clear which is meant•

Zai Taiwan zuo yīfu bu piānyi    Having clothes made isn*t cheap in

le. '    Taiwan any more.

shěnmeyajig: ”vhat kind，like what”

Nide ditSn shěnmeyangr?    What is your carpet like?

Laide rěn shěnmeyangr?    What did the person who came look

like?

Ni yaode dltSn shi shenmeyangde? What kind of carpet is it that you

want?

Nide pěngyou shi shenmeyangde    What kind of person is your friend?

rěn?

qipao: A close-fitting woman¹s dress with high Chinese collar and slit side, now called in English a ^cheongsajn,¹¹ from the GuǎngdSng dialect name.

Qf refers to the Manchurian nationality; pao means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name qipao comes from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn "by Manchurian women.

liaozi: "cloth, fabric, material¹¹

N? shu5".: Literally, "You say.",” but often used as in this question to mean, ^TTIn your opinion¹¹ or ”Do you think.""

-zhSng: ^,fkind, sort*¹

Nide luxlng zhlpiao shi    What kind are your traveler¹s

na yizhSngde?    checks?

螫

Nī qu něizhSng dxfang zuo    What did you go to that kind

shěnme?    of place to do?

Zhěizhong Juzi h§n gui.    This kind of tangerine is very

expensive.

yangzi: (l) "appearance,” (2) "shape, form," (3) ”style, design:

Tade yaLngzi hen hSo kan.    Her appearance is very attractive.

Kan tā něi yangzi!    Look at his appearance! (i.e., "Get

a load of him.”）

Nī shuode něige dSngxi shi    What does the thing you are talking

shěnme yangzide?    about look like?

Tāde qlpaode yangzi hen bu    The style of her cheongsam is

cuo.    quite nice.

Nide xīn yīfu shi shěnme    What^fs the style of your new

yāngzide?    dress?

shēnshang: ⁿon one¹ s body, on one's person’，

Tā shēnshang you yijian lan    He has a blue overcoat on.

dayi.

Wo shēnshang měiyou qian.    I don’t have any money on me.

Wode qian xianzai dou zai tā    He has all my money with him right

shēnshang.    now,

ke bu kěyi: another vay to say kěyi bu kěyi.

zhāo: ^f,according to”

Jiu zhao zhěige nian.    Just read it the way it is here

(according to this),

Jiu zhao zhěige paijiā huan ba! Just exchange it according to

this exchange rate.

Wo jiu zhao nxde yisi xiě,    I¹11 just write it the vay you want

hao bu hao?    it written, all right?

liang: "to measure，，

Nǐ gěi wo liāngliang zheikuāi    Measure this piece of cloth *

liaozi gou bu gou.    for me to see if there¹s enough.

chǐcun: "measurements，ⁿ literally, ”feet-inches•” Also pronounced chīcun (vith cun in the neutral tone).

miazVao: ’’Chinese-style cotton-padded jacket¹¹

hěshi: ’’to fit; to be suitable, to be appropriate¹，

Zhěijiān yīfu hěn hěshi, bu    This garment fits well, it¹s

da yě bu xiǎo,    neither too large nor too

small.

Nǐ chuān zhěige yansě bu tai    That color doesn’t look right

hěshi, huan (yi)jiān biěde ba. on you, try a different one.

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III

Beijing. A man (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.

(E) is the tailor.

A: Wo yao zuo jījian yīfu.    I^fdl like to have some clothes made.

B: Xing a. Nin yao zuo shěnme-    Okay, what kind of clothes do you

yangrde yīfu?    want to have made?

A: Eng, wo yao zuo liǎngtao xīzhuāng,    I,d like to have two Western-

yitao chūntian chuānde， yitao    style suits made, one to wear

dongtian chuānde•    in the spring and one to wear

in the winter.

B: Hao. Women shěr you hěn du5    All right. We have many kinds of

zhong liaozi. Nin xihuan zuo    cloth here. What kind of cloth

něizhong liaozide? Zhěizhong    do you like to wear? This kind

liaozi zuo chūntian chuānde    of cloth would look very good

xīzhuāng hěn hao kan. Nin    as a spring suit. Take a look

kankan nin xihuan bu xihuan.    and see if you like it.

A: 0， hěn hao kan. Jiū zuo yitao    Oh, it's very attractive. Make

zhěizhong liāozide ba.    one suit of this cloth.

B: Nin kan, zhěizhong liaozi zuo    What do you think of this cloth

dSngtian chuānde xīzhuāng    for the winter suit? Nice, isn^ft

zenmeyeuig? Bū cuo ba? Hen    it? It^fs very warm, nuǎnhuo•

A: Liaozi hěn hao, keshi wo bu tai    The cloth is very good, but 工 don^ft

xihuan zhěizhong yansě. Nfn    like this color very much. Do

you lan yansede ma?    you have this in blue?

B: You lan yansěde• Zhěige    Yes, I do. How is this? zěnmeyang?

A: Hao. Zhěige wo hěn xihuan.    Good. I like this very much,

Xiěxie ni.    Thank you.

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III

Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made.

A: Qingwěn, nīmen zhěli zuo bu zuo    Do you make cheongsams and cotton-

qlpāo he mian^fao?    padded coats here?

B: Women 2'uo, zuo.    Yes, we do, we do.

A: Wo xiang yong zhě liangkuai    I'd like to use these two pieces

liaozi zuo yijian qipao han*    of material to make a cheongsam

yfjian miěn^So.    and a cotton-padded coat.

"han:~A common pronunciation in Taiwan for the character hě，’,and,’ or "with.”

B: Qipao yao zuo changde haishi    Do you want the cheongsam long or

duande?    short?

A: Yao zuo changde.    Long.

B: Wo kankan nide liaozi you    Let me have a look at hov much mater-

duoshao ba. Zhěikuai kěyi    ial you have. With this piece you

zuo changde. Něikuai zhī    can make a long one. With that

kěyi zuo duǎnde.    piece you can only make a short one.

A: Na Jiu yong něikuai zuo mian'ao,    Then use that piece to make the

yong zhěikuai zuo qipao. Kěyi    cotton-padded coat and use that

ba?    piece to make the cheongsam* Will

that be all right?

B: Kěyi, kěyi, Něikuai liaozi    Sure. That piece of material is

zuo mian^fǎo hěn hěshi. Qlpāo    very suitable for making a

yao zuo shěnme yangzide?    cotton-padded coat. What style

do you want the cheongsam?

A: Wo xǐhuan wo shēnshang chuānde    I like the one I have on. Can you

zhěijiān, Ni kě bu kěyi zhao    make it according to the style

zhěijiānde yangzi zuo?    of this one?

M: Kěyi, Xianzai wo gěi ni liang    Yes. Nov I¹11 take, your measure-

chīcun, hao bu hǎo?    ments, okay?

Unit    2， Vocabulary

b4₀    to be thin; to be light (of clothing)

chang    to be long

chěnshān    shirt，tlouse

chǐcun (chǐcun)    measurement; size

chuān    to put on, to wear

dai    to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves,

a hat, a watch, Jewelry, etc.)

dayī    overcoat

-dǐng    (counter for hats)

fuzhuāngdian    clothing store

ganbufu.    cadre suit

gou    to be enough

han    and (Taiwan pronunciation)

he    and

hěshi    to fit; to be suitable

hou    to be thick; to be heavy (of

clothing)

huai    to be bad; to go bad, to break

jiaJcě(r) OR jiākě(r)    jacket

-jian    (counter for clothing)

kuzi (yitiao)    pants

liang    to measure

liaozi    material， fabric

māoyī    sweater

maozi (yīding)    hat

mian¹So    cotton-padded jacket

na    then, in that case

něiku    underpants

něiyī    underwear (undershirts, undershorts,

briefs, slips， bras, etc-); just undershirt (when used in contrast to něikū, underpants)

nllong    nylon

pixie    leather shoes

po    to be worn out; to break, to tear

qjp£₀    close-fitting woman¹ s dress with high

neck and slit skirt; cheongsam qū    to go

qunzi    skirt    .

shěnmeyāng    like what, what kind

shēnshang    on one’s body

-shuāng    P^air

shūbao    book bag, tote bag, carryall

shuiyi (yitao)    pajamas; nightgown

_tao    (counter for suits, sets of things)

-tiāo    (counter for long, winding things;

counter for pants, translated "pair”） tuoxiě    slippers

waitao(r)    coat, jacket (that extends below

the waist)

wāng    to forget

vazi    socks

xiě    shoe

xīzhuāng    Western-style clothes; Western-style

suit

xūyao    to need, to require

yangzi    appearance; shape, form; style,

design; pattern

yao    should; must; it is necessary,

to need to

yīfu    clothes

yong    to use    —

yǔxiě    rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes

yǔyī    raincoat

zhao    according to

-zhong    kind, sort

ziji    self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc,)

zuo    to make; to have made

Personal Welfare Module, Unit 3 Hair Care

PART I

REFERENCE LIST

1.    Jīntiān wo y5u shi，q.ing    I have things to do today, please

ni kuāi yidiǎn jian,    cut [my hair： faster.

2.    A: Jian duǎn yidian ma?    Do you want it cut short?

B: Bu yao jian tai duǎn,    Don^ft cut it too short, leave it

liu chang yidiǎn.    a little long.

3.    Liǎngbiān jian duǎn yidian.    Cut the sides a little shorter, ii. Gou duan le-    It^fs short enough now.

5.    Wo yao xǐ tou.    I want a shampoo.

6.    Wo bu yao you.    I don’t want any (hair) oil.

了. Hai you toufa, bū shūfu,    There^fs still some hair [e.g.， on my

qing ni nong gānjing    neck] and it^fs uncomfortable;

yidian.    please clean it up a little,

8.    Qing gei wo gua yixia huzi.    Give me a shave, please• (Literally,

，’Please shave the beard for me.^,f)

9.    Ki yao chui běi ma?    Do you want your back pounded?

10.    NT yao anmo ma?    Do you want a massage?

11.    Nǐmen zhěli you cā_    Can I get a shoeshine here?

pixiěde ma?

12.    liu huzi    to grow a beard 13• lǐ fa    to have a haircut 1^. lifadian/lǐfaguan    barbershop

REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I

you shi: ”to be occupied, to have something to do,” literally, ”to have business.

Nǐ xianzai you    shi ma?    Are you busy now?

Měi shi.    No, I^fm not busy.

jian: ^Mto cut    (vith a scissors), to clip, to trim” Chinese has several

different words for    English ^f,to cut” depending on the method of cutting.

Jiǎn only refers to    cutting with a scissors or clipper•

bu yao: ”don*t丨¹ In Transportation Module, Un t 3，you learned biě for "donH” in negative commands. Bu yao means the same thing.

liSng~biān: ”two sides, both sides” In English it is enough to say just ^,fthe sides" and to add ^lftwo^ff or "both” seems superfluous, but liSng is necessary in Chinese. Perhaps this is because Chinese has no way of indicating plural, as does the £ in English, ^f,the side^."

Gou duan le: "It’s short enough now^ft There are two things to notice in this short sentence: (1) In English we say "short enough,¹¹ but in Chinese you say literally "enough short¹¹; in other words, gou is used as an adverb to modify the adjectival verb duan. (2) le here indicates a nev state of affairs: before, the hair wasn^ft short enough, but now it is. Thus le_ can be rendered into English by the word ¹¹ now. ^M

xǐ tou： ^Mto wash the hair” Tou is literally "head，” but in many cases actually refers to the hair. In most Chinese "barbershops a shampoo after the haircut is standard procedure, and you would not have to specify that you vant one. (Xǐ tou is translated as ’’to shampoo/¹ Liquid shampoo is called xǐfajing, ^wash-hair-essence•ⁿ)

Notice that Wo yao xǐ tou has been translated idiomatically as ”1 want a shampoo,” although literally xi tou is a verb-object "to vash the head/¹ Many Chinese phrases made up of a verb plus object are ambiguous as to who performs the action. You might have been tempted to translate Wo yao xi tou as    — ¹¹1 want to wash the hair,” "but in this context the sentence actually means ¹¹1 want to have (my) hair washed，’，that is, by someone else (the barber). The context should tell you which meaning is intended. Another example:

I am going to wash clothes.

Wo qu xǐ yīfu.    OP

I am going to have clothes washed.

Usually you won't have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the situation or other things the speaker says will make it clear.

you: Literally, "oil,” this word may be used in a looser sense to refer to all sorts of liquid preparations applied to the hair by hand (e.g., Vitalis).

The specific word for ^Mhair oil” is fayou or touyou.

Hai y5u tSufa.*.: This is the sentence to say when the barber leaves bits of hair on your neck. The average person would gesture to his neck and say this sentence.

shūfu: "to be comfortable; to feel good”

Zhěige y?zi 2hen shūfu.    This chair is really comfortable.

Zhěige xiao fēng hao shūfu a!    This breeze ("little wind”） feels so

good!

Bu shūfu can either mean ^,!to be uncomfortable" or "not to be well," that is, to feel ill.

A: W^ng Xiaojie wěishěnme    Why didn^ft Miss Wāng come today?

Jīntiān měi lai?

B: Ta jīntiān bu shūfu.    She doesn’t feel well today,

n5ng: An extremely versatile verb because it has such a general meaning: "to do/manage/handle/malce.^M Nong often substitutes for a more specific vert. Also pronounced long or neng.

WS qū nong fan.    I¹11 go get the meal ready.

Wo qu nong něige.    I'll go take care of that.

W5 zij? nong "ba.    Let me dc it myself.

Biě nong něixie shiqing.    Don't mess around vith that sort of

thing.

Tā nongle hen du5 qian-    He came up with a lot of money•

But in the Reference List sentence, nong is used in an even more common way, meaning ”to make (someone/something a certain way)” or ”to get (someone/ something into a certain condition).¹’ Other examples:

nSngganJing: "to make/get something clean^u nonghuai: ^f,to break, to put out of order, to ruin" nōngpo: "to tear, to break"

guā huzi: ^,fto shave¹¹, literally, ^,Tto scrape the beard.” The verbotject phrase gua huzi， like x? tou in Reference List Sentence No. 5， may be translated in either of two ways depending on the context: either ,’to shave (someone)” or "to have someone shave oneself.”

gěi vS gua huzi: ¹¹ shave me” Gěi is the prepositional verb meaning ¹¹ for. When you have a verb-o*bJect phrase like gua huzi you indicate the person upon whom the action is performed by using a gěi phrase.

Qing ni g?i vo x? tou.    Please vash my hair for me (i.e.,

I    give me a shampoo).

chui běi: ¹¹ to pound (someone^) back¹¹ as in massage. Rarbert; in China often provide this service after the haircut. Here once ap;ain，chui bei is a verb-object phrase vith the same ambiguity as xl tou and p、uā huzi: it—may mean "to pound someone ^fs back¹¹ or ”to have one¹ s back pounded.

Again, the context determines the interpretation. When the barber asks you Nǐ yao chui běi ma?, you can safely assume that he is offering to pound your back rather than asking you to pound his.

anmo: This is the noun ’’massage•” In recent years, an increasing number of barbershops in Taiwan, Hong Kon^, and a few in the PRC have added massage to their list of services. Chinese medical clinics and hospitals also give therapeutic massage.

cā pixie: ^flto shine shoes/to have one¹ s shoes shined” (Cā is ]iter-ally, to wipe, to rub,) Once again, there is potential ambiguity as to who is the performer of the action. Also note that Chinese must use the verb-object; there is no noun corresponding to English "a shoeshine.^,f The translation of the Reference List sentence using ⁿa shoeshine" ir> idiomatic. Literally the sentence means, "Is there someone who shines shoes here?"

Cā pixiěde is a noun phrase meaning "someone who shines shoes, a shoeshiner.^M

liu huzi: ^lfto grow a beard," literally liu, ’’to leave, to let be,ⁿ and huzi beard, mustache,

FIRST DIALOGUE FOB PABT I

Taipei. A Chinese man (A) valks into a barbershop and sits down in a "barber’s chair. The barber is B and the shoeshine boy is C.

B: Jiǎnduǎn yidiǎn ma?    Do you want it a little shorter?

A: Bū, vo yao liu chāng yidian.    I vant to leave it a little long.

B: Hao.    All right-

A: Nǐmen zhěli you meiyou cā pixiěde? Do you have someone who shines shoes

here?

B: You， you. Ē， zhěvei xiānshēng    Yes, we do. (to the shoeshine boy)

yao cā pxxiě, kuai lai!    Hey, this gentlemen vants to have

his shoes shined, come quickly!

C: Hao!    Okay!

(Ten minutes later)

B: Xiānshēng, n? kankan houbian    Sir， take a look at how the back is,

zenmeyang, hai yao bu yao    do you vant more off? zai jiǎn yidiǎn?

A: Bu yao le, houbian hěn hao.    No, the back is fine. As for the

Liangbian me.••    sides•••

B: Liǎngbiān changle yidian?    The sides are a little long?

A: Liǎngbiān yě hěn hǎo. Jiū    The sides are okay, too. Just leave

zhěyangzi bai    it this way.

B: Hao.

(A fev minutes later)

B: Gěi nJ chui yixia běi zenmeyang? Pound your back for you?

A: Bu bi le.    That’s not necessary.

NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE

Liǎngbiān me: me indicates hesitation, indecision or consideration. It is translated here by the words "as for.¹¹

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I

A barbershop in Běijīng. An American goes into a medium-sized barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting area, his number is called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits down in a barber's chair. Since the American has been here three times before, the barber and he are already acquainted.

B: Hěi! Nin zhě tou* gou changde    Hey, this hair of yours is getting

le!    avfully long!

A: Zhěiliǎngge yuě tai mang, měi    I*ve been two busy the past couple

shīJiān na! Duǎn yidianr    of months, I haven¹1 had any time!

ba!    Cut it short for me, okay?

B: Xing a!    Sure!

B: Zhěi houbianr gou duan le,    It's short enough in back. How about liarxgbiānr zenmeyang? Duo liu the sides? How about leaving them yidianr hao bu hǎo? a little long? '

A: Bu yao liu le，nin jiū jian. ba.    Don’t leave them long, _t1ust cut

them.

Ē： Xianzai zěnmeyāng?    How is it now?

A: Bū cuo!*    Pretty good!

B: Na, dao neibianr zuo, wo    Then, have a seat over there and gěi nin xi tou. I'll give you a shampoo.

A: Hao.    All right.

B: Yao diǎnr you ma?    Want some oil?

A: Bu yao, bu yao.    No, I don^ft.

B: Guāgua huzi ba?    How about a shave?

A: Bu yong le, duo xiě nin, huzi    That¹s not necessary, thank you.

wo zijī gua ba! Nin gei wo    I'll shave myself! Just clean up

bǎ toufa nonggǎnjingle jiu    the hairs for me and that will be

xing le.    all right.

B: Hao, Xianzai shūfu le ba?    Okay, does that feel better?

A: Shūfu du5 le. Xiěxie ninl    Much better. Thank you!

B: Bu keqi.    You•re welcome.

NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE

měi shi jian na: Na is a contraction of n£ and a_.

*bu cuo: "not "bad, pretty good”    （MTG 2)

dao neibianr zuo: The £u is omitted from this phrase.

PART II

REFERENCE LIST

15.    A: Mingtiān wo yao zuo    I want to have my hair done tomorrow；

toufa, wo xūyao yuyuē    do I need to make an appointment?

ma?

B: Bu xūyao, wanshang bādian    No. If you come before eight in

zhong yīqiān lai jiu    the evening there won’t be any

měi věnti.    problem.

16.    A: Ni yao jian duōshao?    Hov much do you vant cut off?

B: Wo yao jiǎn vufēn.    I want five fēn cut off.

1了， Hěishi you diǎn chang.    It's still a little long.

l8• Yao bu yao shiyishi liu chang    Do you want to try leaving it a

yidian? Wo xiang yiding    little longer? I’m sure it

hāo kan.    vill look good*

19.    Wo xiang tang toufa.    I¹d like to get a permanent.

20.    A: Ni yao Juan toufa ma?    Do you want to have your hair

curled?

B: Bu yao, chuigan jiu kěyi le. No， just blow-dry it and that will

be fine.

21.    shii tou    to comb/brush one^fs hair REFERENCE NOTES ON PABT II

zuo toufa: ^f’to do hair” or ⁿto have one’s hair done" (See the Reference Notes for Part 工 on xǐ tou, guā huzi, chui běi, cā pixie.)

yuyuě: ，，to make an appointment^,f literally ^ITbeforehand make-an-appointment.” This is relatively nev PRC usage; this vord used to have only the meanings ’’a preliminary agreement” or，’to pre-order a book which has not yet been published.” In Taiwan (or the PRC for that natter), you may use instead the phrase xian yuē yige sh£jiān, ”to arrange a time beforehand.” Appointments are not generally required or accepted in barbershops and beauty parlors in the PRC or Taiwan.

věnti: "problem” or ’’question•’，Měi (you) venti is just like the English "no problem.ⁿ In addition to its literal meaning of ^MThere is no

prcTblem,” měi věnti can also "be used to assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly.

Ke bu kěyi qlng ni gěi wo wen    Could you please ask about this

zhěijiān shi?    matter for me? .

Měi věnti.    No problem.

fēn: A Chinese unit of length equal to 1/3 of a centimeter, or slightly more than 1/8 of an inch. Fēn originally meant ’’one tenth.^f? You have also seen it meaning "one cent*，(1/10 of a dime, mao). As a unit of length, fēn is one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun). We have drawn a ruler marking off cun ("inches”） and fēn so that you can contrast it with our American (British) inch.

o    i    2 cun

1111111111111 ri I iTrlri ^,e'ⁿ

0    12    3

j-j-j-J English inches

you dian: Used before a state verb, you (yi)dian means ^f’a little, slightly, as in:

you yidiǎn re    a little hot

you yidian nan    a little difficult

The use of you yidian deserves your special attention, since English speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying yidian nan (which is incorrect) for ’，a little difficult^fl instead of the correct form ySu yidian nan. Remember to put in that you?

shiyishi: ⁿto try, to give it a try" Shi is ⁿto try” in the sense of "to experiment.” It does not mean ^,ftry" in the sense of "to make an effortⁿ to do something.

yiding: "certainly, surely, for sure, definite(ly)¹¹ Literally, sentence 18 means I think it will surely be good-looking,^lf which can be translated more smoothly as ⁿI^Tm sure it will look good. The phrase ^tfI^fm sure • • •” will often translate into Chinese as W5 xiang • • • yiding • . . ， for example:

Wo xiǎng nx yiding xihuan.    I*m sure you¹11 like it.

Wo xiang ta yiding lai*    I’m sure he¹11 come.

tang toufa: ”to get a permanent” The use of the verb tang for ”to get a permanent" has an interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in the language rather than borrow from other languages. Tang originally meant (and still does) ,，to scald¹¹ or ”to apply heat to，，something.

For example ₅ tang yīfu means ”to iron clothes•” The earliest methods for giving a permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in Běijīng (as in other parts of the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of permanent called dian tang, "electric permanent•’， After the introduction of chemical permanents, the verb tang continued to be used, even though no heat is applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called lěng tang, "cold permanent.^u

juǎn: ^,!to curl, to roll up^ff You will find this verb used in many contexts, not just in the area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose vord for rolling or curling ribbons, paper, pastry, and building materials. CCurly hair is juǎnfa， straight hair is zhifa>]

chuīgān: "to "blow-dry” Chui is ^Mto blow, to puff” and gān is the adjectival verb to be dry.^M These two verbs used together to form a compound which indicates both the action and the result: "to blow until dry” or ’’to blow vith the result that (something) becomes dry."

Chuigan and the English word "blow-dry," look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are not. In English you can leave off the word ^,fblow^ff and just say "to dry someone¹ s hair，¹’ whereas in Chinese you cannot use gan to mean the action of drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use another verb with gān in order to tell the action which caused the drying. For example, cagan means ”to wipe (something) dry."

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II

A Canadian woman (C) valks into the Běijīng Hotel hairdresser¹ s. First she talks with the cashier in front (A)， Later the hairdresser (B) calls her.

C: Jīntiān rěn zhěme du5, wo    There are so many people today. I^fll

mingtiān zai lai ba. Qǐng    just come back tomorrow. May I

wen, wo ke bu kěyi yuyuē?    ask, can I make an appointment?

A: Bu bi yuyuě, nin děng shifen    No need to, there will be a seat if

zhong jiu you difang le.    you just wait ten minutes.

B: Qing zuo. Nin xiang zenme zuo? Have a seat, please. How would you Yao bu yao Jiǎn duan yidianr?    like it done? Do you vant it cut

a little shorter?

c： Wo xiang wode toufa you yidianr I think my hair is a little long, chāng le, zui hao jiSnyiJian.    I^fd better have it cut a little.

B: Jian duSshao? Wǔfenr gou bu gou? How much? Is five fen enough?

C: Wǔfēnr? ”Wǔfēnr” shi shěnme yisi? Five fen? What does "five fen" mean?

B: 0， wufēnr jiu shi zhěme yidianr. Oh, five fen is this much. (Holds her

thumb and index finger five fen apart•)

C: Ou, jian wǔfenr hao.    Oh, (it would be good to) cut off

five fen.

B: Hao, women xiān gěi nin xǐ tou, All right, first ve’ll give you a Jianduan, ranhou zai zuo.    shampoo and cut, and then set it.

C: Hǎode.    Fine.

B: Nin yao tang haishi yao Juan?    Do you want to have a permanent or

do you want to have it curled?

B: Wo bu xǐhuan tang, jiū juan-    I don^ft like permanents• Just curl

yijuan hao le.    it a little.

B: Hao, jiu juanyijuan, chuigan.    Okay, 1*11 just curl it and blow-dry.

You shihour tang toufa yě hěn    Sometimes a permanent looks very

hao kan. Xiayici nin kěyi    good, too. Next time you can try ,

shiyishi.    one.

C: Hǎo, xiāci wo shiyishi.    Okay, next time I¹11 give it a try.

(Afterwards, the woman gets up and the barber takes her to the cashier at

the front of the shop.)

B: Xǐ tou yikuāi qian, jiǎn tou    A dollar for a shampoo， a dollar and

yikuāi wǔ, juan fa wǔ kuāi wǔ，    a half for a cut， five fifty for

chuigan yikuāi wǔ, o, yigong    the set, a dollar and a half for

shi jiukuai wumao qian,    blow drying, um，altogether that¹s

nine fifty.

C: Zhěr shi shikuai, bu yong zhao le. Here¹s ten dollars, keep the change.

B: Bu, zhao nin vumāo qian.    No, here^fs fifty cents change.

C: Zāijiān.    Good-bye.

B: Zāijiān.    Good-bye•

NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE

Tipping is not permitted in the PRC. This is why the barber insists on

giving the woman her change.

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II

Taipei. A woman student about to have    her hair done is talking with the

hairdresser.

A: Xiaojie， ni yao zuo shěnme yang-    What style do you want it, Miss? zide tou?

B: Vo měiyou zuoguo toufa, měici    I¹ve never had my hair done before,

d5u shi xǐyixi, jianyijian,    every time I’ve just had it washed,

chuīgān Jiu hao le.    cut and blow-dried, and that¹s it.

A: Zhěici yao bu yao shiyishi ne?    Would you like to try this time?

B: Vo xiang wo juan toufa dagai bū    I think I probably wouldn't look

hao kan,    good with my hair curled.

(A shows B a photograph,)

A: Xiǎojiě， nǐ kan, zhěge yangzi hen    Miss, look, this sample is very

hǎo kande, zhi juan yidiǎndian,    pretty. It's only a little curled,

nx yao bu yao shi yixia?    Would you like to give it a try?

B: Hao, wo shi yixia.    Okay, I'll give it a try.

A: Vo xiang nǐ yiding xǐhuan. • ♦ •    sure you'll like it... . Well,

.Ka wo jiu bu jian le, toufa    then, I wonH cut it. The set will

chang yidiǎn zuode hǎo kan.    look better if the hair is a little

long.

B: Hao, xiěxie ni.    Thank you.

A: Eu kěqi*    You，re welcome.

NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE

hen hǎo kande: The 一de here means "that's how it is•” This usage is

typical of southern dialects.

yidiandiǎn: ”a very little "bit”，less than yidiǎn.

Unit 3， Vocabulary

anmo    massage

bū yao    don*t    .

cā    to rub, to wipe

chui běi    to pound (someone*s) back

chuīgan    to blow-dry (with a dryer)

fen    one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun)

gānjing    to be clean

gua    to scrape

guā huzi    to shave (the beard)

hūzi    beard OR mustache

jiSn    to cut (vith scissors)

Ju5n    to curl, to roll up

liǎngbiān    both sides, two sides

liu    to remain, to stay; to keep, to save;

to grow, to let grow; to leave

liu huzi    to grow a beard or mustache

měi went!    no problem

nong    to do, to handle, to manage, to make

nong gānj ing    to clean up

shi    to try    —

shi(yi)shi    to give it a try

shǔfu    to be comfortable

shǔ t6u    to "brush or comb hair

tang    to get a permanent

toufa    hair (on the head)

went!    question, problem

xl    to wash

xl tou    to shampoo, to get a shampoo

yiding    certainly, surely, for sure

y6u    oil, grease

y5u shi    to be occupied， to be busy,

to have things to do

you (yi)diǎn    a little bit, somewhat

to make an appointment (PRC)

zu5 toufa    to do one^fs hair, to have one^fs hair

done

Personal Welfare Module， Unit b In the Home

PART I

REFERENCE LIST

1.    Yanjing gin zhipiaoben d5u    I have both my glasses and checkbook ： dai le. with me (on me).

2.    Xiaoběnzi zai wo xīzhuāng    My notebook is in my suit ~koudaili. pocket•

3.    ZhaoxiāngjI zai xiSngzili.    My camera is in the suitcase.

U. Ni daile yige luyinjl, dui "bu    You have a tape recorder with you,

dui?    don^ft you?

5- Wǒ měi dai shoushi lai.    I didn^ft brin^ any jewelry with me.

6.    Nǐ bǎ nǐ daide dōngxi d5u xiě    Did you write everything you have ' zai shenbāodānshang le ma? with you on your declaration?

7.    ； Wo daile ěrshijuan iuyīndai >    I have twenty reels of recording

tape with me.

8.    Wo zhldao hen duo Zhongguo funu I knew that a lot of Chinese vomen

bu dai shSushi， suoyi wo yě měi don’t wear jewelry, so I didn't dai shoushi lai,    bring any either.

9* Qing nlC ba xiangzi dakai gěi wo Please open your suitcase and let kankan.    me take a look.

10.    Měi shi le«    Everything is all right OF There's

no further business.

11.    Ni yao daide dōngxi d5u yubei- Have you got all the things you want

hǎo le ma?    to take vith you ready?

12.    zhīpiao    check (as in personal check)

^ REFERENCE NOTES ON PABT I

yanjing: ”eyeglasses" Don^ft mix this up with yanjing, ⁿeye.^,f In B?ijing speech these words are pronounced yanjxngr ("eyeglasses") and yanjing (^?,eye^,f), keeping them even more distinct from each other.

zhlpiaoběn: "checkbook” Zhīpiao is a ”check," literally ”pay-ticket.^w Běn(r) is a booklet•

dai: "to "bring” This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2， dli’ "to wear， to put on (glasses， gloves, a hat, a wristvatch， jewelry, etc.)/， They are different words, however, written Vith different characters (带 for ”to bring" and 戴 for "to wear”）. The translation of the first Reference List sentence is idiomatic; we would say ,,I have • • • with me” or ”1 have • • . on me” when Chinese says literally, ”1 have brought ”

• • • ♦

xiǎoběnzi: "notebook,¹¹ literally "small book,” In Reference List sentence No. 2, xiaoběnzi is translated specifically as "address book.¹¹ Actually, the word is more neutral in meaning (’’notebook, bookletⁿ), but picks up the specific translation from the context.

xiangzi: "box, trunk, case’¹ Xiangzi corresponds to the English ^,Tsuit-case,” while xlngli is the equivalent of luggage•^M

shēnbāodǎn: ^ffdeclaration form¹¹ Shenbao is the verb "to report to a higher body, to declare something at customs. ¹ Dan is the noun meaning "bill, list, note.¹¹

xiě zai shenbaodanshang: ”write it on the dec],' -ion form” Notice that the place phrase (zāi~ . . shang) is placed ar匕er the verb here, rather than in its usual place before the verb. When the location tells vhere the result of the activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after the verb (a position where other "results” also show up). Compare these two sentences:

Zai zhuSzishang xiě zi.    Write (with paper) on the desk.

Bu yao xiě zai zhuōzishang!    Don^ft vrite on the desk! (Said to a

child making marks on the table.)

funu: ^Mwomen^ vomankind” This the term for "women’，in the general sense• The^term nurěn is less polite and more biological: ^,ffemale•" (In Taiwan, funu refers only to married women. Nude may be used for "women, voman•”)

Wo zhidao hěn du5 Zhongguo fūnu bu dai shoushi， suoyi vo yě měi dai shoushi lai: The first verb dai means ”to wear，¹’ and the second verb dai is ^ffto "bring with one,    •

ba xiangzi dakai gěi vo kankan: "open the suitcase for me to take a lookⁿ or open the suitcase and let me take a look"， You have learned gěi as a main verb "to give*' and as a prepositional vert meaning "for" (Q^ng ni gei vo huanhuan, ’’Please change it for me”）. In Reference List sentence No. 9 you see gěi used in a longer type of sentence. Compare the following

examples:

ba xiangzi dǎkai gěi vo kankan open the suitcase for me to take a

look

nian gěi vSmen tīngting    read it aloud for us to listen

mai něidJng maozi gěi tā dai    buy that hat to give to her to wear

zuo něige diǎnxīn gěi halzi chī make that pastry for the child to eat

When gei comes after the verb, it can mean either ”to give” or ”for，let.¹'

For example, Ba něiběn shǔ nachulai gěi vo kankan could mean either ”Take out the book and (actually) give it to me to look at,” OR ”Take out the book for me to see (show it to me, not necessarily hand it to me).” The context vill help you decide which is meant; often, only one will make sense.

CAUTION: Although gěi is sometimes idiomatically translated as ”to let," you should not take this to mean that English "to let’¹ may always be translated into Chinese vith gěi* There is a very limited correspondence "between ’’let” and gěi• Usually you vill translate ^T’to let” as rang, which is introduced in Unit 6, Part III， of this module.

Měi shi le: "Everything is all right now” OR ’’There^fs no further business.” Here, this means ”Nov that I’ve looked over your suitcase I find that there isn*t anything further we need to take up."

yubeihǎo le: "prepared” You have already learned the word zhunběi，

"to prepare, to get ready¹’ or ’’to plan to, Yubei is a close synonym.

Yubeihao or zhunběihao both mean ’’to get all ready.^IT The ending -hao on certain verbs indicates bringing something to a satisfactory conclusion.

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET I

An American voman is going through customs in GuangzhSu (Canton).

M: Ni ba ni daide dōngxi d5u xie    Did you write everything you have

zai shenbaodanshang le ma?    vith you on your declaration?

F: Dou xiě le.    Yes, I wrote everything.

M: Nī daile yige zhatoxiangjī, yxge    You have a camera, a tape recorder

lūyīnjī, yige sh5uyīnjī， dui    and a radio vith you, don’t you? bu dui?

F: Dui le.    Right,

WLF, Unit h

■ X

» *

M: Ni daile duSshao Iuyīndai?    How much tape do you have vith you?

F: Wǒ daile ěrshijuan.    I have twenty reels vith me..

M: Nǐ daile shoushi měiyou?    Do you have any Jewelry with you?

F: Wo zhīdao hen du5 Zhongguo funu I knew that many Chinese women don^ft bū dai shoushi, suoyi wo yě    wear jevelry, so I didn’t bring any

měi dai shSushi lai.    jewelry either.

M: Nǐ daile duSshao Měijīn?    How much American money do you have

with you?

F: Wo daile sanqian wubaikuai.    I have three thousand five hundred

dollars.

M: Qǐng ni ba xiangzi dakai gěi    Please open your suitcase and let us

women kankan.    take a look.

F: Hao.    Certainly.

M: Hǎo. Xiěxie ni- Měi shi le.    Okay, thank you. Everything is all

Nī kěyi zou le.    right• You may go now.

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I

A Chinese couple in Taipei are talking just before the husband is to leave

on a trip,

F: Nǐ yao daide d5ngxi d5u yubeihao Have you got all the things you vant le meiyou?    to take with you ready?

M: Vo xiang wo d5u yubeihao le.    I think I have them all ready. I

Yanjing gin zhīpiāoběn dou    have my glasses and my checkbook

dai le. Xiaoběnzi zai wo    with me. My address book is in

xīzhuāng koudai lǐmian.    my suit pocket.

F: Nǐ shu5 nī yao zhao xiang.* Nī You said you wanted to take pictures. dai zhāoxiangjī le meiyou?    Do you have your camera with you?

M: Wo dai le. Zai xiāngzili.    Yes. It¹s in my suitcase.

NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE

•zhao xiang: ’’to take photographs" (WLF 6)

WLF, Unit U

PART II

REFERENCE LIST

lh. Nj zhu fangzi haishi gongyu?    Do you live in a house or an apart

ment building?

15• Zhěige fangzi yigong you jlge    How many rooms does this house/

fangjian?    apartment have?

l6. Zhěige fangzi you sanjian v5shi. This house/apartment has three

bedrooms.

IT. WS dai ni kankan.    I¹11 take you and shov you,

18.    Women ba fangzi zuchuqu le.    We rented out the house/apartment.

19.    WSmen xiǎn dao kětlng zuo yixia, Let's first go and sit in the living

he dian cha.    room and drink some tea.

20.    Zhěige fangzi haoxiang hen da. This house/apartment seems very large.

21.    Zenme dāde fangzi, gǎo věishēng： It must be a bother to do the

hěn mafan ba?    cleaning with such a large house.

22.    Pingchang Xiao Lltn gen wo yiqx Usually Xiao Lan straightens up the

shSushi vuzi.    place (rooms) with me.

23.    Women dao fantIng chī fan qu ba. Let ^fs go to the dining room and

eat.

2U_# Wo shi zijx zuo fān.    I do my own cooking.

25.    chūfang    kitchen

26.    xizaofang    bathroom

2了. slńifSiig    study, library (of a house)

28. wofang    bedroom (alternate word for voshi)

REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II

gōngyu: "apartment building,¹¹ literally ’’public residence’’ In the PRC, the vord gSngyu is seldom used (only in the names of some buildings, and in technical contexts), but in Taiwan it is widely used. ^,fApartment building’， may be translated as either gSngyu or gSngyulou. Gongyu is sometimes used

•Tnr* on    由”

Nǐmende gSngyu you jǐjiān    How many rooms does your apartment

fangjiān?    have?    …

But you would use dānyuan, "unit，” not gōngyu, for ”apartment¹¹ in

Zhěige gongyulou you du5-    How many apartments are there

shao dānyuan?    in this apartment building?

Although an apartment-dweller vill usually refer in English to his apartment in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their fangzi. In other words, any type of residencehouse or apartment—can be called a fangzi. Use the word gongyu when you need to distinguish clearly between "apartment¹¹ and "house.

-jiān: This is the counter for rooms. Don’t confuse it with the falling tone -jian, the counter for articles of clothing, which you learned in WLF 2,

dai: This is the verb you learned meaning ⁿto bring (along), to take (along).¹¹ Here it is used vith the extended meaning of ^Mto take” or "lead” someone to a place.

Wo dai ni qu.    I’ll take you there.

Xiāwu qǐng ni dai haizi dao    In the afternoon, please take the

gongyuan qu vanr•    children to the park to play.

zūchuqu: ^lfto rent out” The verb zu by itself means ^,fto rent” in the opposite direction, that is, to rent something from the ovner. Contrast:

Wǒ ba fangzi zuchuqu le,    I rented out the house.

Wo zule yige fangzi.    I rented a house (to live in)•

kětin^: ''living room，” literally,，，guest-hall,

dao kěting zuo yixia: ⁿgo to the living room and sit a while” This is roughly the equivalent of dao kětīnR qū zuo yixia. The verb is sometiines omitted after a dao phrase when the meaning of ”go” does not need to be emphasized.

he cha: ^f,to drink tea’， This is not an involved ritual as the Japanese have, but it is not simply the taking of a beverage, either. He cha, in a social setting means talking and relaxing while sipping tea. Books have been written on tea in China, its social significance, and the art of serving it. Ve cannot do justice to the topic in this small note. Let us just leave you with two tips:

1. Except with close friends, don’t turn down    "

a cup of tea when offered. It is as much a gesture of friendship and a means of communication as it is a "beverage.

2. Don't ask for sugar, lemon or milk. Unless you are in a restaurant ordering it, lemon and milk vill most likely be unavailable. It is a double embarrassment to your host, who may not keep lemon and milk on hand, and who hates to see someone defile the good taste of pure tea.

haoxiang: ¹¹ to seem, it seems as if" Use this word as an adverb, placing it before the verb phrase.

Tā haoxiang bū dong.    He seemed not to understand. OR

He didn’t seem to understand.

Nǐ haoxiang "bu tai xǐhuan zhěige You don’t seem to like this house fangzi.    too much.

Ni haoxiang zai xiang shěnme    You seeiri to be thinking about

shi.    something.

Tā gēge haoxiang chāngchang    His older brother seems to get

shēng bing.    sick very often.

Haoxiang is sometimes used merely to express that the speaker thinks a situation is so, but cannot confirm his suspicion. In such sentences, haoxiang is best translated as ^MIt seems to me that . • .’’or ”1 think . . .’’or "I seem to remember •. • . Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the same.

Wo haoxiang zai nar kanjianguo It seems to me I^fve seen this zhěige 21.    character somewhere before *

Ni haoxiang gāosuguo wo zhěijiān I seem to remember your telling me shiqing.    about this before.

Zai něige shihou， tǎ haoxiang    At that time, he was still living

hāi zhu zai JiāzhSu.    in California, I think.

Meiguo haoxiang měiyou zhěige,    It seems to me you don’t have this

dui bu dui?    in America, do you?

pao věishēng: "to. clean,” literally ,’to do sanitation” This is an expression used in the PRC. The verb gǎo, ’’to do, originally a vord found in southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese, is now widely used in Standard Chinese, even in Beijing. In Taiwan, gap does not have as vide a usage as in the PRC, where many new expressions have been created since 19^9 using this ve b.

mafan: ’’to be troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient”

In the Money module， you learned the verb mafan for ”to bother, to incon-venience (someone)，” as in Mafan ni le， "Sorry to trouble you.” Here you learn mafan as an adjectival verb.

Nā tāi mafan le.    That ^fs too much trouble

Zhen mafan.    What a bother,

plngchān^: "usually, generally, ordinarily^f? Like other two-syllable time words, pingchang may come before or after the subject, but always before the verb.

Pingchang women d5u zai kětīng

kan dianshi.    We usually vatch television in

Women pingchang dou zai kětīng    the living room, kan dianshī.

Wo pingchang jiǔdian zhSng cāi    I don ^ft usually get off work

xia ban.    until nine o*clock,

shoushi: "to straighten up, to tidy up (a place)，’ or ”to put away, to put in order, to clear away (things). Use shōushi when you¹ re talking about neatening up a place, use gǎo věishēng when you¹re talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC [and gao qlngjiě "to (soap and water) clean，¹ in Taiwan].

Tā haoxiang you bānnian měi    It looks as if he hasn’t picked

shōushi wuzi le.    up his place in half a year.

Nx kuai yidianr shSushi xingli, Pack your things quickly, ve want women yao zou le.    to leave.

vuzi and fang jian: Both of these words means ^f’room, chamber"’ Wūzi is seldom used in Taiwan, however. For rooms in public places， like hotels, use fangjian rather than vūzi.

f ant Ing: ，’dining room,，，literally ’’meal-hall. ⁿ

chi fan: ”to eat，” literally ”eat food•” Fan is literally, "cooked rice/ "but in the expression chi fan it refers to food in general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus general object, like nian shu, ”to study'* or shu5 hua ”to speak.ⁿ (See BIO, Unit 了•）This verb chi may, of course, be followed by a specific object such as pingguS,

”apples，” as in:

Wo chile yige pīngguo.    I ate an apple.

But if you mean ”eat” in the sense of ⁿto eat food” or "to have a meal，” then you should use the general object fan:

Nǐ chi fan le meiyou?    Have you eaten? (Have you eaten

a meal?)

Tā zui ai chī fan.    He loves to eat most of all.

zuo fan: "to cook, literally ”to make food•” This is another verb-general object combination. As with chī fan， the verb alone may be used with more specific objects.

chūfang: "kitchen,^ff literally ^,fkitchen-room.¹¹

xlzaofang: "bathroom¹¹ This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with a toilet. Xīzao, which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means ’’to take a "bathT⁰~Remember, if you want to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the cesuS,，’toilet;’¹ or use the polite Westernized term, xǐshSujian, "washroom.” In rural areas, you would ask where the cěsuo is.

In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usually have the toilet in the same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings "built during the 1950¹ s may have a room with a bathtub in the Apartment. Apartment buildings built since then usually only include a toilet and sink in each apartment, and no bathtub.

You should usually lower your voice to ask where the bathroom is.

Many people even consider it polite to put one’s hand in front of the mouth when asking Cěsuo zai nali? Another polite way to ask is Wo kěyi yong yixia nimende cěsu5 ma? ^TTMay 工 use your toilet?”

shǔfang: ’’study,’¹ literally ""book-room.’，

vofāng: ^lfbedroom,ⁿ literally ”sleeping-room. ⁿ Wofang and voshi are both used for ’’"bedroom,

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II

A Chinese voman (Fl) has "been invited to dinner at the home of an American couple in Taipei.

Fl: You! Nimen Jia hěn piaoliang, Oh, your house is lovely, so neat shoushide zhēn gānjing!    and clean!

F2: Xiěxie ni. WSmen xian dao    Thank you. Let ^fs first go and sit

kětīng zuo yixia he dian cha.    in the living room a while and

and drink some tea.

WLF, Unit h

Fl: Hao.    Fine.

F2: Wo xiansheng you shi dao    My husband has gone to T丨aichung

Taizhong qū le. Jīntiān    on business. This evening it

vanshang jiu shi women liangge    will be just the two of us eating, rěn chī fan.

Fl： Na women yiqǐ zuo fan, hao    Well then, let¹s cook together,

bu hao?    all right?

F2: Bu yong le. Chufang hen xiǎo.    There*s no need to. The kitchen is

Wo yijīng ba wanfan d5u    small. I^fve already prepared

yubeihao le.    dinner.

Fl: 0， zhěige fangzi haoxiang hěn    Oh, this house seems to be quite large.

da. Nǐmen you Jǐjiān woshi?    How many bedrooms do you have?

F2: Zhěige fangzi bu tai da. Women    This house isn't very large. We

you liǎngjian woshi. Zai kě-    have two bedrooms. They are to

ting youbiān. Kětīng zuǒbian    the right of the living room. To

you yige shǔfāng. Pingchang    the left of the living room

women d5u zai shūfang kan    there¹s a study. We usually

dianshi. Wo dai ni kankan,    watch television in the study,

zenmeyang?    Would you like me to show you?

Fl: Hen hǎo.    Sure.

F2: Hao, women dao fanting qu chī    Okay, let*s go to the dining room

fan ba.    and eat.

Fl: Haojlie.    Great.

NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE

Wǒ xiānshēng you shi dao TaizhSng qu le:    husband has gone to

T^faichung on business. ’ More literally, My husband had some business and

went to Taichung.

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II

An American man (M) is talking with a Chinese women (F) in Běijīng.

F: Nǐde jiā zai Meiguo shěnme    Where is your home in America? difangr?

WLF, Unit b

M: Zai Huashěngdun.    In Washington.

F: N? you fingzi ma?    Do you have a house?

M: Women y5u yige fangzi.    Yes, we do.

F: Nǐ lai Běijīng, fangzi zěnme    When you came to Beijing, what

ban?    did you do with the house?

M: WSmen ba fangzi zuchuqu le.    We rented it out.

F: Nīmende fangzi da bu da?    Is your house large?

M: Bu hěn da, ye bu hěn xiǎo.    It^fs not very large and it^fs not

Louxia you kětīng, fāntīng,    very small. Downstairs there^fs

shūfang, gin chufang. Lou-    the living room, the dining room,

shang you sǎnjiān voshi    the study, and the kitchen •

gen liǎngjian xǐzaofang.    Upstairs there are three bedrooms and two bathrooms.

F: Ou* you zhěme du5 fajigjian.    Oh, there are so many rooms. It

Gǎo věishēngde shihour hěn    must be troublesome when you do

mafan ba.    the cleaning.

M: Bu tai mafan. Haizimen dou    It^fs not too troublesome. The

da le. Tāmen yě gǎo wěisheng.    children are all grovn up. They

do the cleaning, too.

F: Nǐ xǐhuan bu xihuan ni xianzai    Do you like the apartment building

zhūde gSngyu?    where you're living now?

M: Mamahūhū. Zherde gSngyu hai    So-so. The apartment buildings

kěyi.    here aren^ft too bad.

NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE

hai kěyi: Literally ”still okay,” this phrase actually means ”isn4 too

"bad •”

PART III REFERENCE LIST

29- Haizi xīngle yihou jiao tāmen    After the children wake up, have

xǐ lian.    them wash their faces.

30.    Wanshang shui jiao yīqiān jiao Before they go to sleep at night,

tamen shuā ya， xizǎo.    have them brush their teeth and

take a bath.

31.    Xǐle lian gěi tamen he niunai• When they^fve washed their faces, give

them some milk to drink.

32.    Bǎ hāizi gěi vo, vo baoyibāo•    Give the baby to me, I'll hold him.

33.    Wang Ryi， haizimen chi fan    Auntie Wāng, after they¹ve eaten,

yxhou děi shui vmjiao.    the children have to take a noon

time nap.

3^. Re shui shāohǎo le měiyou?    Have you heated up the hot water?

35* Guo mǎlude shihou yao xiǎoxin. Be careful vhen crossing the street.

36.    yāgāo    toothpaste

37.    shushu    uncle

REFERENCE NOTES FOR PAET III

xing: "to wake up^f! This is a process verb. It describes the change from sleep or unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: ’^fto become awake, to become conscious, to become sober.¹¹ In completed affirmative sentences, you will see the marker le; in negative sentences you will see měi (not bu~ this is not a state vertTT Some of the quirks you faced with a verb like bing (”to get sick,ⁿ not "to be sick’’），you also face here* When you are thinking in English of ”He IS NOT awake,” you should think ”He HAS NOT avakenedⁿ in Chinese.

Tā xǐngle meiyou?    Did he vake up? OR Is he awake yet?

Tā hai měi xing.    He is not awake yet <

jiao: ^,fto ask, to order，to tell (someone to do something)^,f This is a prepositional verb, which means that it and its object precede the verb.

Fuqin jiao haizimen hullai.    The father told the children to

come back -

Nǐ jiao ta guolai.    Ask him to come over.

shui jiao: ^f,to sleep, to go to bed^,f

Ta bādiǎn zhSng Jiu shui jiao le. He went to bed at eight o’clock

(already)•

Nǐ jǐdian zhong shui jiao?    What time do you go to bed?

Tā měitiān shui bage zhōngtou. He sleeps eight hours a night.

Nǐ shuide hao bu hǎo?    Did you sleep well?

Nǐ shuihaole ma?    Did you sleep well? OR Have you

finished sleeping?

shuā ya: "to brush teeth" Besides brushing teeth, you can shuā yīfu, "brush clothes，” and shua xiě, ”brush (off) shoes. Do not use shua for use for brushing hair，however [see shū tou ’’to comb or brush one*s hair, WLF, Unit 3)• [The noun for a "brush is shuāzi.D

niunai: Literally, ”cow-milk，” and used only to refer to cow's milk. The vord nǎi by itself does not specify the kind of milk,

bao: ’'to embrace, to hug^,f people, or "to hold in one's arms¹¹ a child, package, etc.

Lai, baba gěi ni "baobao,    Come, papa will hold you. (said to

child as he is handed from mother to father)

flyl: ¹¹ auntie" This is a term of address used by children for friends of the family, not blood relatives.

shui vǔjiao: ^f,to take an afternoon nap,’’ literally, ^Hsleep noon-nap.ⁿ The vujiao， a nap after lunch， is very popular in China. Many institutions, factories, and schools give time off every day for this purpose.

shao: ’’to heat, to cook¹¹ (Another meaning is "to burn.ⁿ) Since the verb shao by itself means to put heat to something, a resultative ending is needed when you vant to indicate "boiling” or "heated up.ⁿ

Wo qu shāo diǎnr shuī.    1*11 go put some water on (the

stove).

Re shuJ shaohao le.    The hot water has been heated up.

Shui yījīng shāokāi le.    The water is already boiling.

mǎlū: ’’paved road. This is the word usually used for paved city streets. Malū is literally ^,,horse-road_>^,f that is, a road on which horses and people can go, A theory has also been advanced that the mǎ is a transliteration of the first syllable of ^f,macadam^ff (a road made with layers of rolled broken stones, with a tar or asphalt base).

xiǎoxīn: "to "be careful，” literally ”small~heart•”

Ē, xiaoxīn diǎnr!    Hey, be a little more careful!

shushu: ’’uncle” This is a term of affection used "by children for older male friends of the family.

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III

A Canadian voman (A) is talking to her new maid (C) in Beijing.

A: Wang Āyl, haizimen chī fan yihou    Auntie Wang, after lunch the child-

děi shuā yā, ranhou zai shui    ren have to brush their teeth and

wǔjiao. Pingchang tamen shui    then take their naps. Usually

yiliǎngge zhongtou. Xingle    they sleep an hour or two. After

yǐhou gei tamen xī lian, zai    they wake up, wash their faces for

dai tāmen chūqu vanrwanr.    them, and then take them out to

play.

C: Hao.    Okay.

A: Xiavu siwudian zhong gěi tamen    At four or five in the afternoon,

he niunai.    give them some milk to drink.

C: Tāmen wanshang yao chī shenme? What will they eat in the evening?

A: Wo yijing zuohao le. Dou zai    Ifve prepared it already. It^!s all

zhěr. Wanshang shui jiao    here. At night before they go to

yiqian Jiao tāmen shuā ya,    bed, have them "brush their teeth

xǐzǎo. Haizimen yitiān yao    and take a bath. The children

shuā. sanci ya.    are supposed to brush their teeth

three times a day. C: Hao.

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR FART III

In Taipei on a Sunday afternoon, a young mother (Huimīn) and father (Tingsōng) are at home:

M: Huimǐn, wo xiang he diǎn cha,    Huimīn, I want some tea, do you?

ni yao bu yao?

F: Yao, danshi re shui měiyou le.    Yes, but there’s no more hot water.

Wo qu shāo.    I^fll go put some on.

M: Bu yao, bu yao, wǒ zijl qū.    No, no, I^fll go myself.

F: Hǎo, wo qu kankan Xiao 成。    Okay, I^f11 go check if XiSo Bao (the

xǐng le měiyou.    baby) is up yet.

(They both leave the room. Later when Huimǐn (the wife) returns, Tlngsong

is sitting on the sofa.)

F: Ting,* Xiao Bao xīngle. Nī bao    Ting, XiSo Bao is up. You hold him

yixia. Wo qu ta niunai    for a minute. I^fm going to go

nonghao•    get his (cow’s) milk ready,

M: (To the baby) Lai, rang baba    Here, let daddy hold you. baobao.

(Huimin comes in with a "bottle and hands it to Tingsōng.)

M: Nǐ kan, shui wǔjiao yihou, tā    Look, he’s so hungry after his nap. zhen ě•*"

F: Shi, tā meici d5u shi zhěiyang.    Yes, he^fs like this every time.

NOTES OK THE DIALOGUE

*^,,Ting¹' is the wife*s affectionate abbreviation of her husband's name,

Tingsōng,

••至： "to be hungry

Unit h, Vocabulary

Syi    auntie

bāo    to hold, to embrace

cha    tea

chi fan    to eat

chufang    kitchen

dai    to bring, to take with one

dai    to lead, to take

dakai    to open

fangjiān    room

fanting    dining room

funu    women

gǎo    to do, to engage in

gǎo wěisheng    to do cleaning

gōngyu    apartment building; apartment

gongyulou    apartment "building

haoxiang    to seem (to be), to appear that

he    to drink

-jiān    (counter for rooms)

jiao    to tell/ask (someone to do something)

-juan    reel (of recording tape); to curl，

to roll up

kětīng    living room

kǒudāi    pocket

lian    face (of a person)

Iuyīndai    recording tape

luyīnjī    tape recorder

mafan    to be troublesome, to be a bother;

bother, trouble

mǎlu    street, avenue (paved)

měi shi (le)    everything is all right (now); there

is no (further) business

niunai    (cov*s) milk

pingchang    usually, generally， ordinarily

shāo    to heat; to cook

shāohaole    to have heated up; to have finished

cooking

shēnbao    to declare, to report

shēnbaodān    customs declaration (form)

shoushi    to tidy up

shoushi (shoushi)    jevelry

shua    to brush

shuā yā    to brush one^rs teeth

shūfang    study (room)

shuǐ    water

shui jiao    to sleep

shui wujiao    to take a noontime nap

shushu    uncle

wofang    bedroom

woshi    bedroom

wuzi    room

xiangzi    suitcase, box

xiaoběnzi    small notebook

xiSoxīn    to be careful, to take care

xǐng    to vake up

xizāo    to take a bath

xīzao fang    "bathroom

ya    tooth, teeth

yāgāo    toothpaste

yanjT'ngCr)    glasses (spectacles )

yūbei    to prepare

yubeihao le    to have prepared

zhaoxiāngj1    camera

zhīpiao    check (as in personal check)

zhipiaoben    checkbook

zūchūqu    to rent out

zuo fan    to cook

Personal Welfare Module, Unit 5 Minor Physical Complaints

PART 工

REFERENCE LIST

1.    A: Nǐ nar "bu shǔfu a?    Where do you feel bad?

B: Wo tou těng, houlong ye you I have a headache and my throat is dianr teng.    a little sore.

2.    Wo xiang ni garnnāo le.    I think you’ve caught a cold.

3.    Wo xiang wc bu fāshāo.    I don’t think I have a fever.

U. Nǐ zui hao chi diǎnr zhěige yao You'd "better take some of this ba.    medicine.

5.    A: Zuotian wo qu kan daifu le. Yesterday I went to see a doctor, B: Nǐ kan shěnme?    What did you want treated?

A: Wo kesou,    I have a cough.

6.    Ni dao neige yTyuān qu kan bing? Which hospital are you going to

to see a doctor?

7- Liu Daifu shi nělkē yīshēng    Is Dr. Liu a physician or a

haishi vaikē ylshěng?    surgeon?

8.    t'ong    to hurt (another pronunciation for

těng)

9.    āsipilln    aspirin

REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I

těng: ⁿto hurt, to ache¹，When talking about body aches and pains, you use a topic-comment pattern• For example ”1 have a headache，” in Chinese is literally "As for me, the head hurts”：

Wo    t6u těng.

As for me, head hurts•

ganmao: "to catch a cold; a cold¹¹ This may be used either as a verb or as a noun. [To say ^ffto have a bad cold,” use ganmao hen lihai， lihai meaning "severe,]

Wǒ gǎnmāo le.    I^fve caught a cold.

Nide ganmao hao yidian le ma?    Is your cold a little better now?

fāshāo: "to have a fever/¹ literally, ”develop-fever，’ This may be used as a state or a process:

STATE

Wo fāshāo•    I have a fever•

Wo bu fāshāo.    I don’t have a fever.

Wo you dian fāshāo.    I^fm a little feverish.

PROCESS

Wo fāshāo le.    I have a fever (more literally, "I

have developed a fever”）.

Wo měi fāshāo.    I don’t have a fever (more literally,

^,fI haven¹1 developed a fever"),

Wǒ fāshāo yǐhou jiu bu xiang After the fever came on，工 didn’t chī dōngxi le.    feel like eating anything.

chi dian zhěige yao: "take some of this medecine,” literally, ”eat medicineis the way to say,，’to take medicine/’ Of course, for liquid medicines you could also say he, ”to drink," but one still usually says chi,

kan daifu: ⁿto see a doctor,，Also kan yishēng.

Wo děi qū kan daifu.    I have to go see a doctor.

Nǐ kan shěnme?: In another context，this could mean ^,?What are you looking at?^~Here, however, kan is used in the sense of ⁿto have (a medical complaint) treated” or "diagnosed” by a doctor.

Nǐ qu kan ganmao le ma?    Did you go have that cold of yours

treated?

Wode houlong bū tai shūfu, děi My throat doesn^ft feel too well; qu kankan.    I'll have to go get it treated.

Zhěige bing děi dao da yīyuan    For this illness you have to go

qu kan.    to a large hospital to get it

treated.

kesou: "to cough”

něikē: (1) ’’department of internal medicine，，(of a hospital), or (2) ”internal medicine” (as a field). Nei means ”internal” and kē means either (1) ’’department，section" or (2厂"branch (of a study),

yishěn^: ”doctor,” literally, ⁿheal-er.^t! In Běijīng, daifu is the more conversational vord and yishēng the more formal. In Taiwan, hovever, daifu is not used much.

něike yishēn^: ”physician”

vaikē: (1) "department of surgery" (of a hospital), or (2) ⁿsurgery,^,T (the branch of medicine).

waikē yishēng: "surgeon”

tong: ’’to hurt, to ache, another pronunciation for těng. āslpilin: ’’aspirin” Also pronounced āsipǐlin, asipīling^ āsip.Llin^.

■ FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET I

A man from Shanghai (A) is visiting his classmate (B) in Běijīng.

A: Nǐ shuS ^Tltou tong^?f haishi ”t6u    Do you say t6u tong (”to have a

těng"?    headache") or t6u teng?

B: Beijing rěn dou shuo ^TTtou těng,"    People from Beijing all say tou

wo xiǎng "tong” shi nǐmen    těng. I think tong is vhat is

Shanghai rěn shuode. Zenme?    said by you people from Shanghai.

xianzai tou těng a?    Why? Do you have a headache now?

A: Ng， wo you dianr tou těng.    A little.

B: Shi ma? Nǐ hāi you nar bu    Do you? Where else do you feel

shūfu?    bad?

A: Houlong ye you dianr těng, hěn    My throat hurts a little， too. ī

xiang chī diǎnr lěngde dong-    really feel like having something

xi. Wǒ yiding shi ganmao le.    cold to eat. I must have caught

a cold.

B: Fā shāo ma?    Do you have a fever?

A: Dagai bu fā shāo, wǒ měi juěde    Probably not, I don¹t feel hot

re.    (OR haven*t felt hot).

B: Jīntiān xiāvu women bu qū    This afternoon let’s not go to the

gongyuānr le, nǐ zai jiā    park. You rest a little at home,

xiūxi xiuxi ba. Wǒ xianzai    Right now I*11 go buy you some

qu gěi ni mai dianr yao,    medicine, and tomorrow I¹11 take

mingtiān zai dai ni qu kan    you to see the doctor• daifu.

A: Hao "ba!    Okay!

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I

In Beijing, a parent drops in on a neighbor to talk about his daughter^fs

illness:

A: Nī zhao vo you shěnme shir a?    Are you looking for me for something

in particular?

B: Xiao Hua gǎmnāole, kěsoule yige XiSo Hua caught a cold and has been xīngqi le, jīntiān fāshāo fade    coughing for a week. Today she

hen gāo， houlong ye hěn těng.    has a very high temperature and

her throat hurts a lot.

A: Nǐ dai ta qu kānguo le ma?    Have you taken her to have it treated?

B: Kānguo le. Tā chile hen duo    Yes. She^fs taken a lot of medicine,

yao, kěshi hāi měiyou hao,    but she still hasn¹t gotten better.

A: Na wo qu zhao wo yige zai Beijing Then 1^#11 go look up a friend of mine Yīyuan gōngzuode pěngyou, tā    who works at the Běijīng Hospital,

shi waikē yxshēng.    He's a surgeon.

B: Wāikē yīshēng! Xiao Hua kěsou, A surgeon! XiSo Hua is (just)

fāshāo, zenme qu kan waikē?    coughing and has a fever. Why go

to see the surgery department?

A: Ou, wode yisi shi qǐng wode    Oh,工 mean 1*11 ask that friend to

něige pěngyou gěi Xiǎo Hua zai    make Xiao Hua an appointment in

něike yūyue yige shijiān. Tā    the department of internal medi-

ycu hen duo nēikede pěngyou.    cine. He has a lot of friends in

the department of internal medecine.

B： Kǎo, na jiu tai mafan nin le.    All right, then I¹11 trouble you to

do that. (OR I^fm putting you to too much trouble.)

A: Zhěi měiyou shenme. Jīntiān    This is nothing. Today have Xiao Huā

rang Xiao Hua duo xiuxi xiuxi.    get a lot of rest. Tomorrow I can

Dagai mingtiān jiu kěyi qǐng    probably ask a doctor to treat it

daifu gěi ta kan le.    for her.

NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE

rang: ”to let, to allov, to have (someone do something)^ff This is a prepositional verb which you will see more of in Unit 6,

…du5 xiuxi xiuxi: ”rest a lot” The adjectival verb ^f,to be many, to be much, to be a lot" is used here as an adverb modifying the verb ^f,to rest’、 xiūxi> As an adverb, du5 may mean ”a lot，” "more,” or "too much，” depending on the context. In du5 xiuxi xiuxi it obviously means ’’a lot” or "more.¹，

Yǐhou, wo yao du5 xiang nin    From now on, I shall learn from

xuěxx.    you more.

Duo shuo yě bu hao, shǎo shu5    It isn^ft good to say too much, nor

ye bu hǎo.    is it good to say too little.

Lifa yxhou xiǎng chui yixia "běi If you want to have your back pounded shi bu shi yao duo gěi qian?    after a haircut， do you have to pay-

extra?

Some students get into the bad habit of always translating du5 as ’’more/’ Remember that the adverb duo can also mean either ⁿa lot" or "too much.

Thus, if someone invites you to dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you Du5 chi yidianr! Since you haven¹1 yet touched the food this sentence cannot mean, "Have some more"; it simply means ⁿEat amply•” We might say in English，”Have as much as you like," or ^1,Help yourself.”

Here are some more examples showing du5 does not always mean "more•”

Zhěizhong pingguo zěnme pianyi These apples are this inexpensive? a? Na women jiu duo mai    In that case, let^fs get a whole

dianr ba!    bunch of them!

Duo laile yige rěn.    One person too many came.

Tā duo gěile shikuai qian.    He gave ten dollars too much.

Du5 mai jǐbenr.    Buy a fev extra volumes •

Contrast Du5 laile yige rěn, "One person too many came，" vith You lUile yige rěn, ’’One more person came.

PART II

REFERENCE LIST

10.    A: Wo dūzi hěn bu shūfu.    My belly [lover abdomen] feels bad.

B: Ni xiě du ma?    Do you have diarrhea?

11.    W5 tou yūn，xiang tu.    dizzy and nauseous•

12.    A: N? tlvēn shi duōshao?    What’s your temperature?

B: Sānshibadu.    Thirty-eight degrees.

13.    WS you věibing.    I have stomach trouble, ill. WS ySu diǎnr dabiān ~bu tong.    I'm a little constipated.

15.    Qing ni tang zai zhěr.    Please lie down here.

16.    Qlng ni ba shangyi tu5 le.    Please undress down to the waist.

(Please take off your upper clothing.)

17.    Āiyou!    Ouch!

18.    Qlng ni gěi wo kai ge yaofāng. Please vrite a prescription for me.

19- Wo tāitai shēng bing shēngde    My wife is seriously ill. hen lihai•

20.    lā duzi    to have diarrhea

21.    xiǎobiān    to urinate; urination

REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II

duzi: ""belly, lower aMomen’¹ This has often been translated as ”stomach，” but actually when sqrrieone 芑ays Wo dūzi ten呙 or Wo duzi bu shufu, they are most often referring to lower abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to translate it as "stomach，” in the looser sense of "belly,ⁿ for example:

Něige rěnde duzi hěn da.    That man has a big stomach/'belly.

Wo dūzi ě le.    hungry. (Literally, ^?fMy

stomach is hungry.")

A colloquial expression for ”to be pregnant’’ is dūzi da le， literally, the abdomen has become Mg," or da duzi le.

xiě dū: ”to have diarrhea*' There are several expressions for "diarrhea” in Chinese; xiě du is a good choice to use when talking to your doctor, since it is neither too informal not too technical. (See also la duzi, below.)

yūn: ’’to be dizzy" Often used after tou, "head”： tou yun. Pronounced with the Falling tone, yun, this word is used in the expressions yun chē, "to be carsick/trainsick,” yun chuan, "to be seasick,” and yun fēijī， to be airsick.

Wo kan shū kande tou d5u yūn    I've been reading so much that

le!    1*131 dizzy!

(In this sentence, d5u doesn’t mean "all，” but ”even, to such an extent that.” This type of dou is always used vith le_ at the end of the sentence,)

tū: ’’to vomit” Xiang tu，literally ’’to feel like vomiting，” means ’’to feel nauseous,

tivēn: "body temperature" Only used for the temperature of a body.

匸The general vord for "temperature" is wēndu, which is presented in Part 3 of this unit.D [Tivenbiao is a medical thermometer,J

-du: "degree" This noun does not take a counter.

věibing: "stomach trouble; gastric disease,” literally, "stomach illness,

dabian bu t5ng: "to be constipated” Dabiān (literally ’’major-convenience) raeans"~^TTtTliavē^L™tovel movement^?t or ^?,feces (Xiǎo'biān^ "minor-convenience，" means "to urinate” or "urine.") Bu t5ng means doesn't go through, is blocked up. ”

tang: ^ffto lie, to recline” Notice that the zai phrase goes after the vert tang in the sentence Qing ni tang zai zhěr. This is because the zai phrase shows the result of the verb tang: you end up being here (zai zher) as a result of the action of lying (tang)• TSngxia or t5ng xialai means ^ftto lie down. In some of the following sentences, notice that tang corresponds to "be in bed.ⁿ

Tā ganmao le, tangle yitiān.    He got a cold and stayed in bed

for a day (OR and has been in bed all day today).

Tā xihuan tangzhe kan shū.    He likes to read lying down.

Yījīng bādiǎn zhSngle, nī hāi    It eight o^clock already, and

tangzhe ne.^f    you¹ re still in bed!

Tangxialai xiūxi yihuir ba.    Lie down and rest for a while,

shāngyī: "upper garmentsⁿ [Also sometimes means ”coat.^,f]

tuo: ⁿto take offⁿ (clothes, shoes) This is the opposite of chuān’

"to put on.¹¹

Kuāi ba dayī tu5xialai.    Come on and take off your coat. *

Tā zhěng tuozhe yīfu, jinlai    Right when he was taking off

yige rěn.    his clothes, someone came in.

Qing ni tuōle xiě zai j xnqu.    Please remove your shoes before

going in,*

•This is said "by the host to a guest vhen he arrives. You might have thought that the use of the word kuai, usually translated as ’’hurry up and . . .¹¹ sounds impatient and impolite. Actually, it is the exact opposite. Here, kuai indicates the host’s concern that the guest, although wanting to take his coat off, would be too polite to do so immediately.

**In Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during dry weather.)

kai: You have seen kai meaning *’to open.” Here it means ’’to write out” a prescription, list, receipt, check, etc.

sheng bing: "to get sick’， Shēng means literally, ^tfto develop, to happen•”Ta shēng bing le means virtually the same thing as Tā bing le.

Jinnian chūntian shēng bingde    Lots of people are getting sick

rěn hěn duo.    this spring.

Ta shēng bing shingle liangge    He has been sick for two weeks

xīngqī le, hai měi hao.    nov and hasn’t recovered yet.

Ni hai shēngzhe bing ne， zěnme You’re still sick; how can you keyi chūqu?I    go out?!

Tā shēngde shi shěnme bing?    What illness is it that he has?

lā dūzi: "to have diarrhea/¹ a more colloquial, but not at all improper, vord for xiě du.

Tā lā duzi lade hen lihai.    He has a bad case of diarrhea.

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II

A man in Taipei calls a doctor^ office    to ask what he should do for

his wife^!s illness.

A: Wěi.    Hello.

8: Wěi, qingwěn Zhang Yīshēng    Hello, is Dr, Zhǎng there, please? zSi bu zai?

A: Zhang Yīshēng xiānzāi zāi    Dr. Zhang is seeing patients now,

kan bing. Qingwěn nī ySu    What can I do for you? shi ma?

B: W5 tāitai shēng bing le, "bingde    My wife is very sick. Yesterday she

h?n lihai. Ta cong zuotiān    began to be dizzy and to run a

kāishi t6u yūn, fāshāo. Zu6tiān    fever. Yesterday she stayed in bed

tSngle yitian, jīntiān zSoshāng    all day, but this morning she still

hai fSshSo，d^zi yě hen "bū    had a fever, and she has abdominal

shūfu, hāi tu.    pains_y and she^fs even vomiting.

A: Ta xiě du ma?    Does she have diarrhea?

B: Xiele jlci.    She's had it a few times.

A: Tade tlwēn shi duoshǎo?    What^fs her temperature?

B: N, sanshibādu via.    Uh, 38.5 degrees.

A: Ni gei tS chī shěnme yao le ma?    Have you given her any medicines?

B: Tā bu něng chī yao, meici chile    She can¹1 take medicines, every time

dSngxi jiu tu.    she takes any food or drink she

vomits •

A: Nā nī mas hang bǎ ta song dao zhěli    In that case bring her here right

lai.    away.

B: HSo. WSmen mSshāng jiti iSi.    All right. We¹11 be there right

avay.

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II

In Běijīng, a young man (A) visits a clinic.

N: Ērbǎiwǔshihao!    Two hundred fifty!

A: Shi w5.    That¹ s me,

N: Q3!ng jin.    Please come in.

D: Ni zěnme bū shūfu a?    What's the matter with you?

A: WS tou yun, xiang tū, zǎoshang    I^fm dizzy, nauseaous, and since this

wS kaishl dūzi teng.    morning my "stomach¹¹ has been upset.

D: ōu. Xiě duzi ma?    Oh, Any diarrhea?

A: B\i xil, h£i ySu diSnr dabian bu    No, I'm even a bit constipated, tong,

D: Ńg? Qing nin "b5 shangyī tuōle,    Oh? Undress down to the waist,

tang zai zhěr, v5 tīngting.    please, lie down here, and I^fll

Zher těng ma?    have a listen. Does it hurt here?

A: Bu těng.    No.

D: Zhěr ne?    Hov about here?

A: Aiyou! Zhěr hěn těng.    Ouch! It hurts there!

D: N5l congqian ySu věibing ba?    Have you ever had stomach trouble

before?

A: XiSode shfhou you, keshi hěn duo    When I was a child I did, but I

nian měiyou těngguo le. Zu6-    haven^!t had any pain for many

tiān vSnshang y5u kaishl bū    years. Last night it began to feel

shūfu le. Yěli shui jiāo ye    "bad again. During the night I

shuide bu h5o, xingle hSo Jīci.    slept very poorly, too. I woke

up several times.

D: H5o, wS gěi ni kai ge yāofāng.    All right. I^fll write you a pre-

Chīle yao, xiūxi xiuxi, yaoshi    scription. After you take the

bň hSo, xiage xfngqi zai lSi    medicine, get some rest, and

k&nkan.    if it doesn’t get better, come

and see me again next veek.

A: H5o, xiěxie ni!    Okay, thank you.

PART III REFERENCE LIST

22.    A: Nǐ liangguo tǐvēn    Have you taken your temperature?

le meiyou?

B: Liangguo le, vēndu bu    Yes. My temperature isn^ high,

gǎo, sānshiqīdu du5    a little over 3了 degrees. yidiSn,

23.    Ni yao du5 xiūxi xiuxi, duo he    You need to rest a lot and drink

kaishuJ.    a lot of (boiled) water.

2h. WS gěi ni liāng yfxiā xuěya,    I^fm going to take your blood

pressure.

25.    W5 xuěya gāo.    I have high blood pressure.

26.    Ni xiang bu xiSng zhao    Do you want to see an acupuncturist?

ahēnjiǔ daifu gei ni k&nkan?

2T. litixingxing gSnmao    influenza, flu

28, kāi dao    to operate; to be operated on

29* di    to be low

REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III

liang: ”to measure” You first saw this verb in the context of taking measurements for clothing. Here you see it used for taking temperatures.

It can also be used for measuring a piece of land or the dimensions of a room,

t^vēn and věnd^: Both of these are translated as ^,,temperatureⁿ in the sentences above, "but they should be distinguished. Tlvēn is literally ⁿbody temperature" and thus is used when talking about taking human temperatures. Wēndu is literally ”temperature degree,’ and is generally used in measuring heat or cold.

Nǐ wūzilide wēndū shi duoshSo? What¹s the temperature in your room?

[There is another word given, literally "air temperature,¹¹ used, for example, used in weather reports.1

yēndu bu gao: "the temperature is not high^M Normal body temperature (98•6^m F) is 37^Celsius. Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.

kāi shui: ’’boiled water" This is water that has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often kāishu? is served as a hot beverage, however.

The Chinese commonly believe that ice cold beverages are not good.

xuěya: ""blood pressureliterally "blood pressure.¹* Xuěya gāo is "high blood pressure,’’ and xuěyā di is ’’low blood pressure.¹¹

zhēnjiū: "acupuncture and moxibustion” Also pronounced zhēn,1iu. Acupuncture is a practice of traditional (but not necessarily orthodox) Chinese medicine where parts of the body are pierced with needles to treat disease or relieve pain. This is "based on the idea that the body¹s energy (qi) forms an integral system vhich must be maintained for good health.

This is done by applying pressure or releasing pressure to restore the balance of £1^. Moxibustion (traditionally more important than acupuncture) involves the smoldering of herbs on certain body points. In some cases the herbs are placed directly on the skin and lit with a stick of incense; at other times ₉ a slice of ginger is first placed on the skin and the herbs burned on top.

Nǐ xiǎng ~bu xiSng zhSo zhēn jiu daifu gěi ni kankan?: This has been translated on the Reference List as Do you want to see an acupuncturist?” which is the conversational English equivalent. A translation more revealing of the structure of the question might be: ^ftDo you want to look for an acupuncture doctor to give you treatment?”

liuxingxing gǎnmāo: ’’influenza, flu，” literally "epidemic cold.’’ Liuxing: the verb ^lfto "be prevalent, to be popular, to be common." -Xing means "quality, characteristic,^,f and when used as a suffix corresponds to ^lf-esque^,f in "picturesque，’，or "-like¹’ in ⁿchildlike•” Liuxingxinfz： is then "having the characteristic of being prevalent,^ft specifically epidemic/¹

kai dāo: "to operate; to be operated on,，，literally ⁿto open or operate the knife."

DIALOGUE FOR PART III

In Beijing a worker pays a return visit to a health clinic.

D: Chile wS gěi nide yao, hao    Are you a little better after having

yidianr le ma?    taken the medicine I gave you?

A: Haishi t6u těng, h6ulong těng,    I still have a headache, and I^fm not

shui jiao shuide hěn bū    sleeping well at all. I often

hǎo, yěli changchang xǐng.    wake up at night.

D: WS kankan nide houlong.    Let me have a look at your throat.

A: S.    Ahhh•

D: Nide houlong hěn hong. Qing ba    Your throat is very red. Please

shangyī tuSle- Kesou yishēng.    take off your upper clothes. Cough.

Hao. Nǐ xiān liāngliang txwēn,    Okay. First I¹11 take your temper-

ranhou wo zai gěi nǐ liang    ature, and then I'll take your

xuěyā. • . . Wēndu bu gāo,    blood pressure. • • • Your temper-

sānshiqi du. Nǐ congqian you    ature isn^ft high, 3了 degrees. Have

xuěyā gao ma?    you had high blood pressure before?

A: Měiyou.    No.

D: Jīntiān nǐde xueyā you diSnr gāo,    Your blood pressure is a little high

dagai shi zuotiān yěli shuide    today, Tt¹s probably that you

bu hao.    didn’t sleep well last night,

A: Yīshēng, yige lǐbai le, zěnme    Doctor, it^fs been a week. How come

hāi měi hao?    I’m still not better?

D: Liuxingxing ganmao hěn bu    Influenza is really not easy to get

rongyi hǎo. Wo gěi nǐ kāi ge    rid of. 1*11 write you a prescrip-

yaofāng, zai chī dianr āslpīlln.    tion, and you take some more aspir—

Nǐ hai yao duo he diSnr kāishuī,    in. Also, drink a lot of (boiled)

duo xiūxi xiuxi.    water, and get a lot of rest.

A: Hao, xiěxie ni.    Okay, thank you.

NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE

*kěsou yishēng: Literally, ¹¹ cough    one sound.ⁿ -Sheng is the counter

for utterances *

Unit 5， Vocabulary

āiyou    ouch; oh dear

āsīpīlin    aspirin

chī    to take (medicine)

dabian    bowel movement

daliian bīi tong    to be constipated

daifu    doctor

di    to be low

-dū    degree (e.g., on a thermometer)

duzi    belly, abdomen, stomach

fāshāo    to have a fever

ganmao    to catch cold; a cold

houlong (houlong)    throat

kāi dao    to operate; to be operated on

kāi yaofāng    to write a prescription

kāishuī    boiled water

kan bing    to have an illness treated/diagnosed

kan daifu    to see a doctor

kěsou    to cough

lā duzi    to have diarrhea

liang    to measure

liang tǐwēn    to take a person¹s temperature

lihai    to be severe, to "be fierce

liuxingxing ganmao    influenza, flu

něike    internal medicine, general medicine;

department of internal medicine

něike yīshēng    internist, physician

shangyī    upper garment

sheng    to develop (as in shēng bing)

shēng bīng    to get sick, to become ill

tang    to lie, to recline

těng (tong)    to hurt, to ache

tiwēn    (body) temperature

tou    head

tou těne    to have a headache; headache

tū    to vomit

tuo    to take off (clothing)

wāikē    surgical department

wāikē yīshēng    surgeon

věi    stomach

věibing    stomach trouble, gastric disease

wēndu    temperature

xiang tu    to feel nauseous

xiaobian    to urinate; urination

xiě du(zi)    to have diarrhea

xuěyā    blood pressure

xuěyā dT    low blood pressure

xuěyā gao    high blood pressure, hypertension

yao    medicine

yaofāng(r)    prescription

yīshēng    doctor

yiyuān    hospital

yun    to be dizzy

zhēnjiū (zhēnjiǔ)    acupuncture and moxibustion

Personal Welfare Module， Unit 6 Accidents and Difficulties

PART I

REFERENCE LIST

1.    Zǎogao! Zěnme ban? Wode hūzhāo Oh, no! What am I going to do?

diǔ le.    I¹ve lost my passport.

2.    Wo xiang nǐ děi dao jīngcha_t1u    I think you should go to the police

qu zhao j^ngcha tanyitan.    station and find a policeman to

talk it over vith.

3.    Jǐngchaju ySu fanyi ma?    Are there interpreters at the

police station?

b. ^l,Waishiⁿ jiu shi vaiguo rěnde    ^Wāishi” means matters having to do

shiqing.    with foreigners•

5- WS ba jiashǐ zhlzhao diū le.    I've lost my driver's license.

6. Jīntiān zǎoshang wS cai faxian 工 didn’t discover I^fd lost it until diū le.    this morning.

了. WS xiwang něng kuāi yidianr    I hope I can get a new one quickly, ling yige xīnde.

8.    Yaolpuran bū něng kāi chē，bū    Otherwise it vill be inconvenient

fāngbian.    not being able to drive.

9.    Ni qū zhao xiang.    Go and have your picture taken.

10.    G5ng'ānju    Bureau of Public Security

11.    waishi jingchā    foreign affairs policeman

REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I

zaogāo: "too bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess,ⁿ literally, ,’rotten-cake.’’ This is used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often equivalent to "Oh no!，,：

Zāogāo! Wǒ wangle dai fěijT-    Oh, no! I forgot to bring the

piao le!    plane tickets!

As an adjectival verb, zāogāo means    "to "be in a mess, to be in a bad state,，， as in:

Narde qlngxing hěn zāogāo.    The situation there is a mess.

Zhěiben shū xiěde zhēn zāogāo.    This book is terribly written.

Tā hěn zāogāo.    He¹s in a very bad way.

Yaoshi zhěige bingrěn lāide zai If this patient had come any later wan yidianr jiu zāogāo le.    than he did, he would have been

in a real mess (in "big trouble).

diū: "to lose” You can analyze the sentence Wode huzhao diu le this vay:

Wode huzhao__diū le,_

As for my passport， I (it has been) lost.

In some areas of China (including Taivan) you would hear the word diao instead of diū: Wode huzhao diao le.

fānyi: "to translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter，， Also pronounced fānyi (with a neutral-tone yi)•

shiqing: "matter, affair, business, thing." Shiqing refers to abstract things, while dSngxi refers to concrete things -

jiāshǐ zhizhao: "driver’s license” Jiashi is "to drive (a vehicle) Zhizhao is a "license， permit•”

faxian: ’’to discover, to find,    to find out"

Wo zai zhěr fāxianle yige    I’ve discovered a problem here, věnti.

Zhěi shi gang fāxiānde yizhSng    This is a nev kind of medicine

xīnde yao.    which has just been discovered.

The object of faxian may also be a clause:

Wo huilaile yǐhou jiu faxian    When I came back I discovered that

tā yījīng zou le‘    he had already left.

The expression Wo faxian , . . can often be translated as ^f,I notice that • . .’’or ’’I find that • ~~7* 厂 It often prefaces a personal observation, as in:

Wǒ faxian hen duo Meiguo rěn    I find that many Americans feel

juěde you hāizi hěn mafan.    that it^fs a lot of trouble to

have children.

WS fāxiān ni hen xihuan xīnde    I notice (or, ^lfI get the impression¹')

dōngxi.    that you like new things very much.

As a noun, faxian means "discovery’¹:

Zhěi shi yige hěn zhongyaode    This is a very important discovery,

faxian.

cai: "then and only then，not until” This adverb should be used when an event happens relatively late: ^f’not until this morning.” Cai is the opposite of Jiu, the word for，’then” when something happens sooner or earlier. When a sentence using cai describes a completed action, the verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice that faxian in sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example:

Tā zuotiān cai gaosu vo.    He didn¹t tell me until yesterday.

kuai yidianr: "a little more quickly,^M or as in No. 了， "soon.” Kuai yidianr gives the impression of "being even sooner than zǎo yidianr. Both mean ”soon•"

ling: "to receive, to get，to pick up, to collect¹¹ something that is issued or given (a prize, salary， materials, passport, etc.)

yaoburan: "otherwise/’ literally ^,?if-not-thus.^M Like keshi ,’but" and danshi "~but，howeveryaoburān always comes at the front of the clause in which it occurs.

Vo dei mashang zou, yāoburān    I have to go right away, otherwise

wǒ jiū wan le.    I'll be late.

Wǒ dei zuo fēijī qu, yāoburān    工 have to take a plane, otherwise

jiu tai man le.    it’ll be too slow.

zhao xiang: ”to take a picture,¹¹ literally, "illuminate-iniage.” You already learned zhāoxiangji> "camera，^M in WLF Unit h, Part I. The counter for xiang "pictures is -zhān^ (the same one as for tables, sheets of paper and other flat things)• Zhao jǐzhāng xiang thus means "to take a few pictures.'' (When NOT using the word xiang as the object of zhao, however, you should use zhaopian or xiangpian for "photograph,)

Like many verb-object expressions, zhao xiang has the potential ajntii-guity of meaning either ”to (verb) an (object)^,r or "to have an (object) (verb)-ed^M: "to take a picture” or "to have one^fs picture taken. You saw this with several verb-object expressions in Unit 3:

jiǎn toufa    to cut hair    to    have one^fs hair cut

xǐ tou    to give a shampoo    to    get a shampoo

guā huzi    to shave    to    have a shave

cā plxiě    to shine shoes    to    have one^fs shoes shined

tang toufa    to give a permanent    to get a permanent

juan toufa    to curl hair    to have one’s hair curled

zhao xiang    to take a picture    to have one ^Ts picture taken

For example, in the case of zhao xiang, a photographer might say Wo qu zhao xiāng» ”1 am going to take pictures”； but a person going to a photographer 's studio might say the same sentence, Wo qū zhao xiang, meaning ”1 am going to have my picture taken."

The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes any misunderstandings in practice• The context almost always makes it perfectly clear which meaning is intended.

With these verb-object expressions, if you vant to specify the person on vhom the action is performed, you have to use a gěi phrase (you can't make the person the direct object because the verb already has a direct object). For example, to say ”工’m going to take a picture of you,^u say:.

Wǒ gei nǐ zhao xiang.

Likewise:

Tā taitai gěi ta jian toufa.    His wife cuts his hair.

*Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a short exchange illustrating how zhao xiang might be misunderstood and how the misunderstanding might be cleared up, (For this example you need to know zhaopian, ’’photograph，’’ and zhāoxian^Ruǎn，’’photography studio,)

A: Wǒ jīntiān zhao xiang qu le. Today 工 vent to take pictures/

to have my picture taken.

B: Zhao shěnme? Zhao fēngjing What did you take pictures of?

ma?    Did you take pictures of scenery?

A: Bū shi a. Yinvěi wo yao    No. I'm going to get a passport

ling huzhao, děi you    and need photographs, so I went

zhaopian, suoyi wǒ qū    to a photo studio and had them

zhaoxiangguǎn qǐng tamen    take my picture,

gei vo zhao xiang.

Here "A" meant by his first sentence ’’Today I went to have my picture taken, but ”B” understood him to mean "Today I vent to take pictures,”

wai^hT .ITdkcIkI : "rorcign affairs policemcn/¹ l-ho：īe who (Iom.I wl l.li

1'ore i Kii n.*it i on；il •

1U八U、(;UK KOH PAKT I

A foreign ofl'icial in Běijīng talks with a Chinese colleague.

M: Ni Jintian zěnme lai zěnme wan?    JIow come you are so late today?

F: Zhēn zāogāo!    It¹s Just awful!

M: Zěnine le?    VThat happened?

V: Wǒ ba jiashi zhizhao diū le.    I^fvn lost my driver’s license. I

Wo shi z\xo chūzǔ qichē laide.    had to come by taxi .

M： 7,ai nǎr diūd¹ a?    Where did you lose it?

F: Wo bu zhīdao. Jīntiān zǎoshang    I don*t know. I didn’t discover

wS cai faxian diū le. Wo    I^fd lost it until this morning,

zěnme ban? Yao dao jingchājū    What am I to do? Should I go

qu ma?    to the police station?

M: Wǒ wěnyiwěn Gong¹anjū zěnme gei    I'll ask the Bureau of Public Security

ni ling yipe xīnde.    how to get you a nev one.

F: Wǒ xiwang něng kuai yidianr.    I hope it vill be soon. Otherwise

Yaoburan bu něng kāi che    it will be' inconvenient not being

bu fāngbian.    able to drive.

M: Na ni xiān qu zhao xiang. Wo    Well, then, you go and get your

gěi ni wěnwen zěnme ban.    picture taken, 1*11 ask for

you what you should do.

NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE

Zai nSr diǔd^?: "Where did you    lose it?” d'a is a contraction of de

and a^. The whole sentence vould be Ni shi zai nar diǔde a?

PART II

REFERENCE LIST

12. Ai! Shěi lai banRban^ mang!    Hey! Will someone please come

help!

13- Tā bei qichē zhuang le.    He was hit by a car,

1^. Tā mōtuSchē qide tai kuāi le. He was driving his motorcycle too

fast.

15.    WSde tux těngsǐ le!    My leg is hurting me to death!

16.    Nǐ liu xue le ma?    Are you bleeding?

17.    WSmen xiān ba tā tai dao lū-    Let^fs first carry him to the side

biānrshang qu ba.    of the road.

18.    Wǒde tuǐ don^buliǎo, dāgāi    I can¹t move my leg， the bone is

gūtou duan le.    probably broken.

19.    Qǐng ni mashang gěi yīyuan    Please call the hospital

da dianhua.    immediately.

20.    Biě zhǎojl.    Don^ft get upset.

21.    Wo zai zhěr    kānzhe ta.    I^T11 stay here and look after him.

22.    -liang    (counter for vehicles)

23.    jiūhuchē    anfbulance

REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II

shěi: ,’someone，’ The question word shěi ^f,who^M can also be used to mean ¹ someone.^M

běi: This is the prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action, similar to the English "by¹¹ in passive sentences. In sentences with běj. it is the subject (tā in sentence 12) vhich received the action and the object of běi (qichē in sentence 12) which did the action.

Wode zidian běi xuěsheng    My dictionary was taken by a

nazou le.    student•

Běi has a special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the sentence:

W5de xīn qichē běi zhuāng le.    Viy new car was hit.

WSde yǔsan běi nāzǒu le.    Ity umbrella vas taken.

qi: "to ride/drive by straddling" While zuo is the verb "to ride¹’ generally - and specifically when sitting down, £1_ is the verb ’’to ride” used with horses, motorcycles and bicycles.

těngsǐ le: "to hurt a lot,¹’ literally ”to hurt to death (figuratively speakingT^

liū xue: ^,fto "bleed,” literally "to flow blood¹¹ Xuě is also pronounced xiě and xuě.

tai: ^,?to lift or carry (by two or more persons)’’

Qing b5 zhěige zhu5zi tai-    Please carry this table in (with me

jinlai.    or someone else).

Qlng "ba zhěi liSngjian da xfngli Please carry (with me or someone else) taishang chē qu.    these two large suitcases onto the

train.

Ba dianshi taixiā l6u lai.    Bring the television downstairs

with me*

dong: ⁿto move (either oneself or something else)”

Biě dong!    Don¹t move.

Xiān bu yao dong ta.    Let^fs not move him just yet.

(Dong can also mean ’’to touch，’ something, so Biě dong can also mean ⁿDon^ft touch it.”）

dongbuliǎo: "unable to move” The endings -deliǎo ’’able” and -*buliao ”unable are used with action verbs to show the result of the action.

Zěnme duo xlngli, w5 yige rěn    I canH carry all this luggage by

nabuliao.    myself•

Tā kāi dāo bu jiu, hāi zSu-    It hasn^ft been long since the

buliSo lū.    operation. She's not yet able

to walk.

Xia zhěme da yǔ. Xianzai    It’s raining so hard. We can^ft

zSubuliSo•    leave now.

mashang: ⁿimmediately, right avay,” literally "on a horse"

da dianhua: ⁿto make a phone call,” literally ^flto hit electric-speedi. To indicate vho you are calling, use the prepositional verb g?i "for, to.”

NS gei shěi dS diānhuā?    Who are you calling?

Lao Wang you gei ni da diSn-    Lao Wang called you again,

hua le.

The noun dianhua by itself can mean either ^,ftelephone^fl or ^,ftelephone call,

Nǐ hai měiyou dianhua ma?    Are you still without a phone?

You nide dianhua.    There¹s a call for you.

Sometimes you can use dianhua where English would have ”telephone number¹¹: Nide dianhua shi duSshao ?

zhao.1i: "to get up&et, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious”

Nǐ tāi zhaoji. Women zhěr    You’re too anxious/vorried. We

měiyou shěnme went!.    donH have any problems here,

kan: ”to look after (something)" The verb kan ^Mto look, to see¹¹ changes tones when it means ^,?to look after something.¹¹

Nǐ qu Xiānggangde shihou, shěi Who¹11 be looking after your house gěi ni kan fangzi?    when you go to Hong Kong?

Shěi gei ni kān hdizi?    Who looks after the children (OR

babysits) for you?

-zhe: This is the marker of DURATION. It may "be added to an action or process verb to indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time. In the sentence Wo zai zhěr kanzhe ta "I’ll stay here and look after him,ⁿ the speaker is saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time. -Zhe can be used whether the time is past, present or future.

Tā zai něibiān zuozhe, Xiao    She was sitting there when XiSo

Lan paojinlai gāosu ta    Lan ran in and told her papa

baba hullai le.    had returned.

Tā hai bingzhe ne.    He^fs still sick. (The -zhe tells

you that the illness is lasting for some time. Without -zhe， bing means ^,fget sick,¹¹ not ⁿbe sick.

Ne tells you this is not a new situation [absence of change].)

Zuozhe ba.    Sit for a while.

DIALOGUE FOR PART 工I

A passerby (B) on a street in Běijīng is called by the driver of a motorcycle (A) who has just had an accident vith a pedestrian (C).

A: Wěi, lai "bāngbang mang!    Hey, someone quick come help us!

B: Zěnme le?    What happened?

A: Zhěiwěi tongzhi běi wo zhuāng le. This comrade was hit by me.

B: Běi nī zhuāng le? Zhěiliang    Hit by you? Is this your motor-

motuochē shi nǐde?    cycle?

A: Hāi, biě shuo le. Wo qide tai (Sigh) Don’t even talk about it.

kuai, měi kānjian ta.    I was riding too fast, I didn't

see him.

C: Aiyo, wode ma yo . • • Aiyo!    Ov，my mother° • • • Ov! It hurts

Těngsǐ wo le. • • • Wode tuǐ    like crazy. ... my leg . • •

B: Liule zhěme duo xuě, zhēn    He¹s lost so much blood. This is

zaogǎo! Xianzai zěnme ban ne? terrible. What should ve do now? Women xiān "bǎ ta tai dao lu-    First, let¹ s carry him to the side

biānrshang qu ba!    of the road,

C: Ao, wode tui dongbuliǎo, dāgāi Oh, I can't move my leg. It’s gutou duan le.    probably broken.

A: Wǒ xiǎng zuīhao xiān bū yao    I think it vould be best not to

dong ta, w5 zai zhěr, nǐ qu    move him for the time being. 1*11

da dianhua jiao liang jiuhūche    stay here. You call for an ambu-

lai， zai da ge dianhua jiao    lance, and then call for the police

Jlngcha lāi.    to come.

He’s not calling for his mother; this is a moan.

B: Hao, nī zai zhěr kānzhe ta. Wo    Okay， you stay here and watch him.

mashang jiu qu. (to C):    I'll go right avay. (to C): Don^ft

Něivei tongzhi ni biě zhao j x •    get upset, comrade. The anibulance

Dāle dianhua jiūhuchē mashing    will be here right after I call, jiu dāo.

A: Nin • . . nin kuāi qu ba! Xiěxie    You . • . you go quickly! Thank you. nin le!

PART III REFERENCE LIST

2h. Ni měi kānj ian zhěige paizi    Didn't you see this sign? ma?

25.    Wo měi zhuyi.    I wasn't paying attention.

26.    Yǐhou ni yao xiaoxīn.    From now on you must be careful.

27.    Ntmen bū kěyi zai zhěli    You can't swim here.

youyong.

28.    Nimen zai zhěli youyong you    It's dangerous for you to swim

věixian.    here.

29.    Wǒ bu shi guyi jinlaide.    I didn't enter here 「the restricted

area」 on purpone.

30.    Rang vo kankan nide huzhao.    Let me see your passport.

31 _# Zhěli shi _t]ūnshi diqū.    This is a military area here.

32, Zhanzhu!    Halt!

REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III

paizi: "sign, poster, plate,"    also a "brand name， trademark"

Ni maide shi shěnme paizide    V/hat brand of camera did you buy? zhāoxiangji?

Něige hong pāizishang xiede    What iz written on that red

shi shěnme?    sign?

zhuyi : ^Mto pay attention to, to    take notice of^ī?

Wo měi zhuyi tā shi gēr* shěi    I didn’t notice who he le ft with, zoude.

Zhuyi dianr!    F^lease pay a more attention!

bu kěyi: "cannot" Of the three    auxiliary verbs nen^，hui and keyi.

kěyi is the one to use when the "can”    or "cannot" is due to someone granting or withholding permission.

youySng: ”to svim”

Ni hui bu hui youyong?    Can you swim?

Wo yoxaySng youde bū tāi hao.    I don't swim too veil.

věixian: "to be dangerous, to be perilous^M Also pronounced weixiǎn.

Zai Taiběi qi mStuoche tāi    It^fs too dangerous to ride a motorcyle

weixiǎn le.    in Taipei.

Tā bu pā věixian, tā shěnme dou He^fs not afraid of danger. He^f11 yao zuo.    do anything.

guyi: "intentionally, willfully, on purpose"

Tā guyi ba něixie shū diū le.    She lost those books on purpose.

Duībuqǐ, wo bu shi guyx (zuo)de. I'm sorry, ī didn¹t do it on

purpose.

rang: "to let，to allow, to cause (someone to do something) Z¹ This is a prepositional verb, i.e. rang and its object both precede the main verb.

Tā bū rang wo zou.    She won’t let me leave.

Nǐ zěnme kěyi rang tā zěnme    Hov could you make her so unhappy!

bu gāoxing?

FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET III

A Canadian man (M) has just entered an area in Běijīng prohibited to foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A policewoman (F) calls out to him.

F: Hai! Zhanzhu!    Hey! Halt!

M: Shěnme shīr?    What¹s the matter?

F: Nǐ měi kānjian zhěige paizi ma? Didn¹t you see this sign?

M: Ou, duibuqǐ. Wo měi zhuyi.    Oh, excuse me. I wasn't paying

Wo bu shi guyi jinlaide.    attention. I didn^ft enter here

intentionally.

F: Ni shi naiguo rěn na?    What•s your nationality?

M: Wo shi Jiānada rěn.    Vm Canadian.

F: Rang wo kankan nide huzhao.    Let me see your passport.

M: Mm.    Mm.

(The policewoman writes down his name and passport number.)

F: Yihou zhuyi dianr. Biě zai    From now on pay more attention.

zoucuo le.    Don't walk into the wrong place

again.

M: Wo zhi dao le.    Now I know.

NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE

zhīdao le: ’’now I know,” or ”1 understand” This is the marker le for new situations.

SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III

An American woman and her two children are swimming along the beach in Taiwan. A soldier calls to them.

M: 6i! Shānglai! Nimen shanglai.    Hey! Come up! Come up here.

F: You shěnme shi a?    What's the matter?

M: Nimen bū kěyi zai zhěli    You can’t swim here, youyong.

F: Weishěnme?    Why?

M: Nǐ měi kāndao něige paizi ma?    Didn't you see that sign?

F: Kandao le, buguo • . .    Yes, "but . . •

M: Paizi shang shu5 shěnme?    What does it say on the sign?

F: Duituqi, wS bū hui kan    I^fm sorry, I can't read Chinese. Shōngwěn.

M: Zhěli shi jūnshi diqǔ. Bu kěyi    This is a military area here. You

yoooySng. Nimen zai zhěli    can't swim. It¹ s dangerous for

yoiayǒng you weixiǎn. Xiaci    you to swim here. In the future

bu yao zai lai le.    you shouldn't come here any more.

F: Hao. Xiěxie ni.    Very well. Thank you.

NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE

xiaci bū yao zai lai le: ⁿin the future don,七 come here again (any more^M In addition to meaning ,，next time,” xiaci can mean generally "in the future.”

Unit 6，    Vocabulary

bang mSng    to help, to aid, to assist

běi    by (indicates the one vho carries

out the action in a passive sentence)

-buliao    unable to ••• (verb ending)

dS dianhua    to make a phone call, to telephone

dianhua    telephone, telephone call

diqū    area， region

diū    to lose

dong    to move

dongbuliǎo    unable to move

duan    to sever, to break

fānyi    to interpret, to translate

faxian    to discover

Gong¹anju    Bureau of Public Security (PRC)

gūtou    bone

guyi    intentionally, willfully, on purpose

jiashi    driver, pilot; to drive, to pilot

jiashi zhlzhao    driver's license

jJngcha    policeman

jǐngchajū    police station

Jiuhūche    ambulance

jūnshi    military

kan    to look after, to watch over

-liang    (counter for vehicles)

līng    to collect, to pick up (something

which is issued)

liti xuě (xiě, xuě)    to bleed

lubiān(r)    side of the road

mashang    immediately

mStuōchē (mStuochē)    motorcycle

paizi    sign, poster, plate; "brand name,

trade mark

ql    to ride by straddling

rang    to let, to allov, to cause someone

to do something

shěi    someone

shiqing    matter, affair, business, thing

-sǐle    like crazy, to death (state verb

ending)

tai    to carry (by two or more people)

těngsi le    to hurt like crazy, to hurt to

death (figuratively) tuǐ    leg

wāishx    foreign affairs

wāiguo    foreign country

věixian (weixiǎn)    to be dangerous, to be perilous,

danger

yāoburān    otherwise, or else

y6uyǒng    to swim

zāogāo    oh no! how awful! how terrible!

what a mess!; to be awful zhāoji    to get upset, to be anxious, to

be worried

zhao xiang    to take a picture

-zhe    marker of duration for actions and

states

zhuāng    to bump into, to run into, to

collide vith

zhuyi (zhuyi)    to pay attention, to take notice

Appendix 1: Parts of the Body*

abdomen    fu(bū)

ankle    jiaowanzi

appendix    lānwěi

arm    ge"bei, gebo, shSubi

back    běi

blood    xiě, xuě, xuě

blood vessel    xuěguǎn(r)

bone    gutou, gutou

brain    nSo(zi)

breast    rufang， nai， rǔ

buttocks    pigǔ

cheek    mianjia, sai

chest    xiSngbu， xiSngtang

chin    xiaba

ear    ěrduo

elbov    gēbeizhSu(r)

eye    yanjing

eyeball    yanzhūzi (colloquial), yanqiu

eyebrow    měimao

face    lian

finger    shouzhitou, shǒuzhitou

fingernail    zhijia, zhijia

foot    jiao

gums    ySchuang

hand    shSu

head    tou

heart    xīnzang

heel    Jiaogēn

intestines    changzi

joint    guānjiě

kidney    shěn(zang)

knee    qīgai, xīgai

leg    tuǐ

lip    zuǐchun

liver    gānzang

lung    fěi

WLF, Appendices

mouth    zui, kSu

muscle    jxrou

neck    bozi

nerve    shěnjing

nose    bfzi

rib    lěigu, lěgǔ

shoulder    jiānbǎng

skin    pifu

spine    j£lianggǔ

stomach    wěi; duzi (belly)

tendon    jian，J īn (colloquial)

thigh    datuī

throat    houlong

thumb    mǔzhl

toe    jiaozhitou, JiSozhJ

tongue    shětou

tonsils    biantāoxiān

tooth    ya, yachJ

wrist    wānzi

*Parts of the body may have several t^rms which differ as to (1) what areas of China they are used in, (2) the degree of formality, and (3) the contexts in which they are used. Here are examples of each kind of difference: (1) "arm” is gēbei in the speech of Běijīng» ~but shSubi in some other parts of the country; (2) ’’armpitis gēzhivo in colloquial Běijīng speech but yěv5 in formal speech; (3) for "stomach/, the medical term is věi; colloquially, it may "be called věi or dūzi; and as a food (e.g. pig's stomach) it is called duzi.

For this list, words were chosen which you could, for example, use to tell a physician where you have a medical problem. Words vhich are either very informal or technical have "been omitted.

It is interesting and important to realize that the Chinese and English languages sometiines differ on how they divide the human "body into parts. The hip, for example, is a well-known ’’part of the body" in English, but the Chinese language has no commonly used word which includes all and only what we call the ^f,hip.^fl Rather, Chinese has a word for ,’buttocks’’ (formally, tunbu, or in spoken style, pigu) which includes the "buttocks and hips below the hipbone.

Another example are the Chinese vords xiōngkou and xīnkSu, which refer to the center of the chest just below the breastbone, between the lower ribs• (One often feels indigestion there， for instance.) If English has a word for this part of the body, it is not nearly as common as these rVii    s .

Appendix 2: Medical Conditions_a Problems, and Illnesses

abcess    n6ngzhǒng

allergic to...    dui•.•guomin

allergy    guomǐnzhěng

appendicitis    lanwěiyān

arthritis    guanjiěyan

asthma    qichuanbing

cholera    huoluan

cold    ganmao， shāngfěng, zhaoliāng

cramp    choujīn

diabetes    tāngniāobing

flu    lilixfngxing ganmao, liugan

food poisoning    shfvu zhongdu

fungus    měi

hemorrhoids    zhichuāng

hepatit i s    ganyan

hernia    shan

indigestion    xiāohuā bū liang

inflamed    fāyān

inflammation    yanzhěng

measles    mazhen

nervous tension    shěnjing jǐnzhāng

pneumonia    fěiyan

rheumatism    fēngshi

stroke    zhongfěng

sunburn    shāi tuo pi le (skin peeling)

shāihong le (red)

Jiao taiyang shāide

sunstroke    zhongshǔ

tonsillitis    biSntaoxiānyān

ulcer (gastric)    věikuiyang

Appendix 3： Furniture and Household Items

bīngxiang    refrigerator

chāzuo    (electrical) outlet

chōushuǐ matǒng    flush toilet

chouti    drawer

chuāng    bed

chuanglian    curtain

děng    .light, lamp

děngzi    stool

diandeng kāiguān    light switch

dianhua    telephone

dianlūzi    electric stove; electric heater

dianshan    electric fan    '

ditan    carpet， rug

guīzi    cabinet

hōnggānjī    dryer

jingzi    mirror

lājx; lěsě (Taiwan)    garbage

lājītǒng; lěsětSng (Taiwan)    garbage pail

lājīxiang; lěsexiāng (Taivan)    garbage can

lěngqijī    air conditioner

lūzi    stove

saozhou, saobǎ    broom

shafā    sofa

shuichizi    kitchen sink

shullongtou    faucet， tap

shǔjiazi    bookshelf

tuoba    mop

xīchěnqi    vacuum cleaner

xiězitai    desk

xilianpěn    (bathroom) sink, washstand

xǐyījī    washing machine

xǐzaopěn    bathtub

yǐzi    chair

yundou    iron

zhuozi    table

zizhilou    wastepaner basket

Appendix k: Parts of a House

■bichū    closet

cěsuo    toilet

cěng    floor, story

chuānghu    window

chufang    kitchen

di    floor

dibǎn    wooden floor

dixiashi    basement

fangdǐng    room

fāngjiān    room

fanting    dining room

kětīng    living room

louti    stairs

men    door

qiang    wall

shūfang    study， library

tiānhuǎban    ceiling

wěishengjiān    toilet, bathroom

wofang    bedroom

voshī    bedroom

wuzi    room

xǐzǎofang    bathroom

zoulāng    corridor, hall

Module Vocabulary

Ayi    auntie    WLF h

āiyo    ouch    WLF 5

anmo    massage    WLF 3

āsīpǐlln    aspirin    WLF 5

bang mang    to help, to aid, to assist    WLF 6

bao    to be thin; to be light (of clothing)    WLF 2

bāo    to hold, to embrace    WLF k

běi    by (indicates the one who carries

out the action in a passive

sentence)    WLF 6

-buliao    (verb ending) unable to...    WLF 6

bu yao    don't    WLF 3

cā    to rub, to wipe    WLF 3

cha    tea    WLF h

chāng    to be long    WLF 2

chang    often    WLF 1

chāngchang    often    WLF 1

chaoshī    to be humid    WLF 1

chěng    city, tovn    WLF 1

chěnshān    shirt, blouse    WLF 2

chī    to take (medicine)    WLF 5

chī fan    to eat    WLF k

chicun (chǐcun)    measurement; size    WLF 2

chuan    to put on (clothing)    WLF 2

chufang    kitchen    WLF U

chui běi    to pound (someone^f s) back    WLF 3

chuīgān    to blow-dry    WLF 3

chuntiān (chūntian)    spring    WLF 1

dabiān    bowel movement    WLF 5

dabian bu tong    to be constipated    WLF 5

da dianhua    to make a phone call, to telephone    WLF 6

dai    to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves,

a hat, a watch, jewelry， etc)    WLF 2

dai    to bring, to take with one    WLF h

dai    to lead, to take    WLF k

daifu    doctor    WLF 5

dakai    to open    WLF k

dayī    overcoat    WLF 2

di    to be low    WLF 5

dianhua    telephone, telephone call    WLF 6

-dǐng    (counter for hats)    WLF 2

diqū    area, region    WLF 6

diu    to lose    WLF 6

dong    to mo^ire    WLF 6

dongbuliǎo    unable to move    WLF 6

dōngtian (dSngtian)    winter    WFL 1

-du    degree    WLF 5

duǎn    to "be short    WLF 1

duāji    to sever, to break    WLF 6

duzi    belly, abdomen    WLF 5

fāngj ian    room    WLF k

fāntīng    dining room    WLF h

fānyi    to interpret, to translate    WLF 6

fashao    to have a* fever    WLF 5

fāxiān    to discover    WLF 6

fēn    one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun)    WLF 3

feng    wind    WLF 1

fengjIng    scenery    WLF 1

fujln (fǔjin)    area, neighborhood    WLF 1

funu    women    WLF k

ftxzhuangdiān    clothing store    WLF 2

gānbufū    cadre suit    WLF 2

gānjing    to be clean    WLF 3

gSnmao    to catch cold; a cold    WLF 5

gSo    to do, to engage in    WLF U

g5o wěisheng    to do cleaning    WLF U

Gong¹anjū    Bureau of Public Security (PRC)    WLF 6

gongyu    apartment building; apartment    WLF h

gongyulou    apartment building    WLF k

gou    to be enough    WLF 2

guā    to blow (of wind，typhoons, etc,)    WLF 1

guā    to scrape    WLF 3

guā huzi    to shave (the face)    WLF 3

gūtou (gutou)    bone    WLF 6

guyi    intentionally, willfully, on purpose    WLF 1

hSibian(r)    seashore    WLF 1

han    and (Taiwan pronunciation)    WLF 2

haoxiang    to seem (to be), to appear that    WLF U

he    to drink    WLF k

he    river    WLF 1

he    and    WLF 2

hěshi    to fit; to be suitable    WLF 2

hou    to be think; to be heavy (of clothing)    WLF 2

houlong (houlong)    throat    WLF 5

hu    lake    WLF 1

huai    to be bad; to go bad, to break    WLF 2

huanjing    environment    WLF 1

huzi    beard OR mustache    WLF 3

jiSkě(r)/jiHkě(r)    jacket (cut above waist)    WLF 2

jiǎn    to cut (with scissors)    WLF 3

(counter for articles of clothing)    WLF 2

Jia。    to ask/tell (someone to do something)    WLF k

WLF， Cumulative Vocabulary

Jiashx    driver，pi lot; to drive，to pilot    WLF C

iashT zhi/.hao    driver’s 1 iconic    W^TF C

jTn^cha    policeman    WLF 6

jin^chajd    police station    WLF C

Jiuhuche    ambulance    WLF C

JuSn    to curl，to roll up; a roll (of r>omethinrJ , Wǐ.F 3

a reel (of tape)

Juede    to feel    WLF 1

Jūnshi    military    WLF C

kāi dāo    to operate; to be operated on    WLF >

kaishl    to begin, to start    WLF 1

kāi yāofānr：    to write a prescription    WLF 5

kaishuT    boiled water    WLF 5

kān    to look after, to watch over    WLF 6

kan    to have (a medical problem) treated    WLF ^

kan bin^    to see a doctor; to see a patient    WLF 5

kěsou    to coup;h    WLF >

kětīng    living room    WLF U

kongqi (kongqi)    air    WLF 1

kongqi vūran    air pollution    WLF 1

koudai    pocket    WLF h

kuzi (yitiao)    pants    WLF 2

lā duzi    to have diarrhea    WLF 5

leng    to be cold    WLF 1

lian    face    WLF it

liang    to measure    WLF 2_t WLF 5

-liang    (counter for vehicles)    WLF 6

liǎngbiān    both sides, two sides    WLF 3

liangkuai    to be cool    WLF 1

liann tiwēn    to take a person¹ s temperature    V/LF >

liaozi    material, fabric    V/LF 2

lihai    to severe, to be fierce    WLF 5

likai    to leave    WLF 1

ling    to collect, to pick up (something

vhich is issued)    WLF 6

liu    to remain, to stay; to keep, to save;

to grow, to let grow; to leave    WLF 3

liu huzi    to grow a beard or mustache    WLF 3

liuxingxing ganmao    influenza, flu    WLF 5

liu xuě (xiě, xuě)    to bleed    WLF 6

lubiān(r)    side of the road    WLF 6

Iuyīndai    recording tape    WLF h

luyīnjI    tape recorder    WLF ^

mafan    trouble, bother    WLF U

mǎlu    street， avenue    WLF U

maoyī    sweater    WLF 2

maozi (yiding)    hat    WLF 2

mashang    immediately    WLF C

měi shi (le)    everything is all right (now); there¹s

no (further) business    WLF h

WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary    、

měi věnti    there¹ s no problem    WLF 3

miān'ao    (Chinese-style) cotton-padded jacket    WLF 2

motuōche (mStuōchē)    motorcycle    WLF 6

na    then, in that case    WLF 2

něikē    internal medicine, general medicine;

department of internal medicine    WLF 5

něikē yīshēng    internist, physician    WLF 5

něiku    underpants    WLF 2

něiyī    underwear (undershirts， undershorts， briefs，

slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (vhen

used in contrast to něikū, underpants)    WLF 2

nilong    nylon    WLF 2

niunai    (cow's) milk    WLF U

nong (long, něng)    to do, to handle, to manage, to make    WLF 3

nong gānjing    to clean something up    WLF 3

nuanhuo    to be warm    WLF 1

paizi    sign, poster, plate; brand name,

trade mark    WLF 6

pingchang    usually, generally, ordinarily    WLF 4

pixie    leather shoes    WLF 2

po    to be worn out; to break, to tear    WLF 2

qi    to ride "by straddling    WLF 6

qihou (qihou)    climate    WLF 1

qin    to be clear    WLF 1

qīngjing    to be quiet    WLF 1

qipao    close-fitting woman¹s dress vith high

neck and slit skirt; cheongsam    WLF 2

qiūtiān (qiǔtian)    f»ll, autumn    WLF 1

qu    to go    WLF 2

qunzi    skirt    WLF 2

rang    to let, to allow, to cause something

to do something    WLF 6

re    to be hot    WLF 1

rěnkSu    population    WLF 1

sēnlin    forest    WLF 1

shān    mountain    WLF 1

shangyī    upper outer garment    WLF 5

shāo    to heat, to cook; to burn    WLF k

shao    to be few; seldom    WLF 1

shāohao le    to have heated up; to have finished    WLF k

cooking

shěi    someone    WLF 6

shēng bing    to get sick, to become ill    WLF 5

shēnbāo    to declare, to report    WLF k

shenbaodān    customs declaration    WLF h

shěnmeyāng    like what; what kind    WLF 2

shēnshang    on one¹s body    WLF 2

shi    to try    WLF 3

WLF，Cumulative Vocabulary

shi (yi) shi    to give (something) a try    WLF 3

shiqing    matter, affair, business, thing    WLF 6

shoushi    to tidy up    WLF k

shSushi    Jewelry    WLF U

shuā    to brush    WLF h

-shuāng    pair    WLF 2

shuā ya    to brush one's teeth    WLF h

shūbāo    book bag, tote bag, carryall    WLF 2

shūfang    library    WLF b

shūfu    to be comfortable    WLF 3

shu?    water    WLF h

shui jiao    to sleep    WLF h

shui wujiao    to take a noontime nap    WLF k

shuiyī (yitao)    pajamas; nightgown    WLF 2

shushu    uncle    WLF h

shǔ tou    to brush or comb hair    WLF 3

tai    to carry (by two or more people)    WLF 6

taifēng    typhoon    WLF 1

tang    to lie, to recline    WLF 5

tang    to get a permanent    WLF 3

-tao    (counter for suits, sets of things)    WLF 2

těng (tong)    to hurt， to ache    WLF 5

těngs? le    to hurt like crazy, to hurt to

death (figuratively)    WLF 6

tiān    sky; heaven; day    WLF 1

tiānqi (tiānqi)    weather    WLF 1

-tiao    (counter for pairs of pants)    WLF 2

tingshuo    to hear that, to hear it said;

I hear that, I understand that    WLF 1

tīwen    (body) temperature    WLF 5

tou    head; head of hair    WLF 2、 WLF 5

toufa    hair    WLF 3

tou těng    to have a headache; headache    WLF 5

tu    to vomit, to spit up    WLF 5

tu?    leg    WLF 6

tuoxiě    slippers    WLF 2

vaiguo    foreign country    WLF 6

vaikē    surgical department    WLF 5

vaikē yīshēng    surgeon    WLF 5

vaishī    foreign affairs    WLF 6

vaishi Jingcha    foreign affairs policeman    WLF 6

vāitao    coat, jacket (that extends below the waist) WLF 2

vang    to forget    WLF 2

vazi    socks    WLF 2

věi    stomach    WLF 5

věibing    stomach trouble, gastric disease    WLF 5

wěixiSn (věixian)    to be dangerous, to be perilous;

danger    WLF 6

vēndu    temperature    WLF 5

věnti    question, problem    WLF 3

vofang    bedroom    WLF h

WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary

woshi    bedroom    WLF )丨

wūrǎn    pollution    WLF 1

wūr.i    room    WLF ^

xǐ    to wash    WLF 3

xiang    to miss, to think of    WLF 1

xiāngxia (xiāngxia)    in the country, the countryside    WLF 1

xiangzi    suitcase    WLF h

xiaoběnzi    notebook    WLF h

xiaobian    to urinate; urination    WLF 5

xiaoxīn    to be careful    WLF k

xiātian (xiatian)    summer    WLF 1

xia xuě    to snow    WLF 1

xia yu    to rain    WLF 1

xiě    shoe    WLF ?

xiě duzi    to have diarrhea    WLF 5

xǐnc    to wake up    WLF h

xīnxiān (xīnxian)    to be fresh    WLF 1

xǐ tou    to shampoo, to get a shampoo    WLF 3

xi zǎo    to take a bath    WLF 厶

xizǎofang    bathroom    WLF h

xīzhuāng    Western-style clothes; Western-style suit WLF 2

xuěyā    blood pressure    WLF 5

xuěyā di    low "blood pressure    WLF 5

xuěyā gāo    high "blood pressure    WLF 5

xūyao    to need, to require    WLF 2

ya    tooth, teeth    WLF h

yāgāo    toothpaste    WLF h

yangzi    appearance; shape， form; style, design;

pattern    WLF 2

yanjing(r)    glasses (spectacles)    WLF h

yao    should; must; it is necessary, to need to WLF 2

yao    medicine    WLF 5

yāoburān    otherwise, or else    WLF 6

yaofāng    prescription    WLF 5

yiding    certainly, surely, for sure, definitely    WLF 3

yīfu    clothes    WLF 2

yīshēng    doctor    WLF 5

yīyuan    hospital    WLF 5

yong    to use    WLF 2

you    oil, grease    WLF 3

you(de) shihou    sometixnes    WLF 1

you shi    to "be occupied, to be busy    WLF 3

you (yi)dian    a little bit， somewhat    WLF 3

y6uy5ng    to svim    WLF 6

yubei    to prepare, to get ready    WLF h

yubeihao le    to have prepared    WLF h

yūn    to be dizzy    WLF 5

yuxiě    rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes    WLF 2

yuyi    raincoat    WLF 2

yuyuě    to make an appointment (PRC)    WLF 3

WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary

zāogāo    oh no! how awful! hov terrible!

what a mess!; to \>e awful    WLF 6

zhao according to    WLF 2 zhaoJī to get upset, to be anxkous, to

be worried    WLF 6

zhao xiang to take a photograph    WLF 6

zhaoxiāngjī camera    WLF U -zhe (marker of duration for actions and

states)    WLF 6

zhenjiū (zhēnjiǔ) acupuncture and moxibustion    WLF 5

zhīpiao check (as in personal check)    WLF k

zhxpiaoběn checkbook    WLF h

-zhong kind, sort    WLF 2 zhuāng to bump into, to run into, to

collide with    WLF 6

zhuyi (zhuyi) to pay attention to    WLF 5

zijǐ self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.)    WLF 2

zuchuqu to rent out    WLF U

zui most, -est    WLF 1

zuo to make; to have made    WLF 2

zuo fan to cook    WLF k zuo toufa to do one¹s hair, to have one^fs hair done WLF 3

zuSyou approximately, about    WLF 1