STANDARD CHINESE A Modular Approach OPTIONAL MODULE: Personal Welfare SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS This publication is to be used primarily in support of training military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to: Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center Nonresident Training Division Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006 Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of view are sometimes included in language training for DLIFLC students, since military personnel may find themselves in positions where clear understanding of conversations or written material of this nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of controversial statements—whether real or apparent—in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, the Defense Language Institute, or the Department of Defense. Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC instructional materials to provide instruction in their pronunciation and meanings. The selection of such proprietary terms and names is based solely on their value for instruction in the language and does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial enterprise nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other brand names and businesses not mentioned. In DLIFLC publications, the words "he," "him" and “his” denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language texts. PREFACE Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1^73 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Taipei and in Peking. The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions. A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department1s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder,工工工，Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff, III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS). The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute• Each of the six’ U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance. Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia 0fConnor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the Fall of 19了了， Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development. Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-"based classroom activities and wrote the teacher*s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 19了8 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6. All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chi Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues. Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Bascia.no, Lisa A. Bowden, Beth Broomell, Jill W, Ellis, Donna Fong, Judith J. Kieda, Renee T, C. Liang, Thomas Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype. The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms • Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr, Chen, Ms • Diao, Ms, Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype. The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual. Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute, the Foreign Service Institute, the Language Learning Center, the United States Air Force Academy, the University of Illinois, and the University of Virginia. The Defense Language Institute printed the preliminary materials used for field testing and has likewise printed this edition. WLF TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface...............................iii Optional Modules • ................................................1 Objectives for the Personal Welfare Module •••••• ............2 Unit 1: Weather and Terrain Part I Winter and Summer ......... ...........3 Part II Spring and Fall.........................T Part III Terrain........................................10 Unit Vocabulary List....................................13 Unit 2: Clothing Part I Buying Clothes................................15 Part II Buying Clothes................................19 Part III Having Clothes Made............................25 Unit Vocabulary List.........................30 Unit 3: Hair Care Part I At the Barber..................32 Part II At the Hairdresser............................38 Unit Vocabulary List............................U3 Unit U: In the Home Part I Personal Belongings...............UU Part II Parts of the Home..............................U8 Part II Taking Care of Children................55 Unit Vocabulary List....................................59 Unit 5： Minor Physical Complaints Part I Colds and Fevers....................6l Part II Stomach Ailments..............................66 Part III Taking Temperatures and Blood Pressure • • • • 了1 Unit Vocabulary List....................................了U Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties Part I Losing a Driver1 s License................了6 Part II A Motorcycle Accident..........................8l Part III Crossing into a Restricted Area................86 Unit Vocabulary List....................................90 Appendices: 1. Parts of the Body...................92 2. Medical Conditions and Illnesses....................9^ 3. Furniture and Household Items........................95 U. Parts of a House..............................96 Module Vocabulary List ...................... 97 OPTIONAL MODULES Why some modules are optional Optional modules present situations which some of our users will find necessary and others dispensable- For instance, college students rarely take cars vith them to China. People serving in the military may have no need of finding hotel accomodations or housing. People working for the government may rarely use the local postal system. You may choose to study one, some, all or none of the optional modules, basing your decision on factors such as the ajTiOunt of time available in your curriculum and the relevance of these topics to your goals. We hope you will find that these optional modules add flexibility to your use of the course. Format of optional modules Optional modules ’’look” different from core modules. A unit is divided into two or three parts, each with its own reference list, reference notes, and dialogues. There is only one tape, not five, per unit. The unit tape combines the C-l and F-l formats you have used in the core modules. Most of the explanation for the new material is not found on the tape, however， but in the reference notes in the text. When to use an optional module Since each unit introduces more vocabulary but less new grammar than «a core module， you can use an optional module when you see the need to enrich your vocabulary. You donft have to go all the way through an optional module at once. You may use a unit at a time for variety while working on a core module, or several units as a break between core modules. How to vork through an optional module tape You may have found that you could work through the C-l and P-l tapes of a core iriodule unit just once, perhaps going back over a few sections twice, With optional rr.odule tapes, however, you will probably want to work through rr‘(、re than once, frequently stopping to read the notes and rewinding to listen apain. Optional Module: Personal Welfare The Personal Welfare Module (WLF) will provide you with the skills needed to take care of a variety of personal needs and handle yourself in a number of possibly difficult situations. Before starting Unit 1 of this module, you should have at least completed the Money Module (MON); and before starting Unit 3， you should have at least completed the Transportation Module (TRN). OBJECTIVES When you have finished this module, you will be able to: 1. Describe the weather in all four seasons for your present locale, a Chinese city, and your hometown. 2. Describe the location, geographical setting, population, and air quality of the three areas in No. 1. 3. Give the names of five or more items of clothing. U. Get your hair cut or styled. • 5. Describe several items you ordinarily carry with you when traveling. 6. Give the names of and describe the different rooms in a house. 7. Give simple directions to a babysitter. 8. Ask and answer questions about the common cold and its symptoms. -Offer advice on what to do for a simple ailment. Understand the use of kaishui, ""boiled water, 9. Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how to give normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell "where it hurts” (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary.) 10. Describe accidents where injuries occur, and tell someone to call an ambulance. 11. Report the loss of a passport to the appropriate officials. Find out where to go to report the loss and "be able to determine whether adequate translation facilities will be available. 12. Use the words for 11 danger11 and "caution” in grammatical, situationally appropriate sentences. Describe how someone entered a restricted area and how and for what reasons he was escorted out. Personal Welfare Module， Unit 1 * Weather and Terrain REFERENCE LIST 1. Jīntiān tiānqi hen hao. The weather is very nice today• 2. Nī laojiāde qihou zěnmeyang? How is the climate in your hometown? 3. D5ngtiān hen lěng. It’s cold in the winter. U. Chāngchang xia xuě. It often snows• 5. Xiatiān hen re. In the summer itfs hot. 6. Jīntiān tian qlng le. It cleared up today. 7. Wo juěde Taizhōngde qihou hen I feel that Taichung*s climate is hao. very nice. 8. Shanghaide dSngtiān hen shǎo It seldom snows in the vinter in xiā xuě. Shanghai. 9. Jīntiān zhěrde tiānqi hen The weather here is very cool liangkuai• today. 10. chang often (alternate word for changchāng.) REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I Jīntiān tiānqi hen hǎo: Notice that the time vord jīntiān "today” is placed "before the subject, not directly before the vert here. Most time words of more than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either case before the verb. Examples: Qūnian wo hāi bu hui xiě zi. Last year I still couldnft write characters• Wo xianzai hui xiě yidian le. Nov I can write a little. q.ihou: "climate” Also pronounced qihou (with hou in the neutral tone). DSngtiān hen lěng. : "It's cold in winter’，The adverb hen is not translated here. Often hen adds little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival vert, and doesn’t need to be translated by ,fvery.f? Later，you may notice • that sometimes we translate the hen literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from the translation- It is not a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of feeling, and may be, we admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision. changchang: "often, frequently, usually” An alternate form of this word is chang. * Ta chāngchang qū Xianggang. She often goes to Hong Kong. Ta chāng kan baozhi. He often reads the newspaper. The phrase "very often,’ is NOT formed by using hen with chang; instead, just use chang or changchang. If you must stress that something happens very often, use a phrase like "every few days.M xia xuě: "to snow” or more literally "(there) falls snow.’，The subject xuě f,snow,? normally follows the verb xia flto descend/’ This reversal of subject and verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather expressions. Ou, xia xuě le. Oh, it fs snowing. Xiā xuě ma? Bu xia. You měiyou xiā xue? Meiyou. ► Is it snowing? No. Xiā xuě le měiyou? Měiyou. Jīntiān xia xuě bu xia xuě? Is it going to snow today? Xianzai bu xiā xuě le. It *s not snowing anymore. tian: "heaven, sky, day•" Aiya, wǒde tiān na! Oh my heavens! Tiān zhidao! Heaven only knows! q.lng: "to be clear, to clear up” In the sentence Tiān qing le， the marker le_ tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared up. juěde ’’to feel” Here juěde is used to mean "to feel, to think, to have an opinion about something-n It can also mean "to feel" in a physical way, as in "to feel sick.H Nǐ juěde . . . zenmeyang? can be well translated as f’How do you like . . . ? hen shao: "It seldom snows in Shanghai in the winter.M The adjectival verb shao "to be few” is used here as an adverb ’’seldom，" and as such comes before the verb. Notice that hen shao, ’’seldom,’1 and changchang, "often，’’ are used as opposites. English is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions: it uses the meaningless subject "it,” as in T,It snows. Jintian zherde tiānqi hen liangkuai: ”Today the weather here is very cool.71 ~Again, it is not necessary to translate hěn as "very" in this sentence; the meaning depends on the speaker's intonation and emphasis. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Běijīng. M: Jīntiān tiānqi hen hao, The weather is very good today, shi bu shi? isn't it? F: Shi a! Jīntiān tiān qlng le. It is! Today it has cleared up. M: Nǐ laojiāde qihou zěnmeyang? What1s the climate like where you1re from? F: Wo laojiā zai Jiujīnshan. Narde My hometown is San Francisco. The qihou hěn hǎo. Dongtian bu climate there is very good. It lěng, xiatiān yě bu tāi re, isnft cold in the winter, and it isn’t too hot in the summer, either, M: Nǐ juěde Beijing zenmeyang? How do you like Běijīng? [Literally， ”How do you feel B?ijīng is?”] F: Zhěi jǐtian Beijing tiāntiān xia It*s been snowing these last fev xuě, tai lěng le. days in Běijīng and it*s been too cold. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE juěde: "to feel” This may mean ”to feel (physically)" or "to feel (emotionally), to think." It is often used, as in the Reference List sentence, to preface a statement of opinion. W5 juěde ..• may sometimes be translated as f,I think that ...11 Wo juěde ta kěyi zuo. I think he can do it. And here are some examples using juěde to mean ’’feel (physically )M ： Wo juěde hen re. I feel hot. Wo juěde bū shūfu. I donft feel well. (Literally， ”1 feel not-vell.”） Nǐ juede Běijīng zenmeyang?: "How do you like Běijīng?” or ”What do you think of Beijing? More literally， "You feel Běijīng is hov?” tāi lěng le： flitfs been too cold" The marker l£ is the marker for new situations. It is often used to reinforce the idea of "excessive." Another example is Tai gui le! ,?Itfs too expensive!" SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PAET I An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei. M: Ni laojiā zāi nali? Wherefs your hometown? F: Zai Niu Yuě. It *s New York. M: Niǔ Yuede qihou zenmeyāng? What is New Yorkfs climate like? F: Niǔ Yuede qihou bu tai hao. New Yorkfs climate isn’t too good. Dongtian leng， xiatiān re. It丨s cold in the winter and hot Ni laojiā zai nali? in the summer. Where1s your hometown• M: Zai Shanghai. Shanghaide dong- Itfs Shanghai. It seldom snows in tian h§n shǎo xiā xuě, keshi Shanghai in the winter, but it1s yě hěn leng. cold there, too. F: Xiatiān zěnmeyang? What’s it like in the summer? M: Ou, xiatiān hěn re. Oh, itfs hot in the summer, F: Jīntiān zhěrde tiānqi hěn lian名一 The veather today is cool. Let's go kuai. Women chūqu zouzou* hSo out and walk around, okay? bu hao? M: Hao. Okay. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE *zSuzou; "to walk aroundM PART II 11. D5ngtiān changchang guā fēng. It's often windy in the winter. 12. Sānyue jiu kāish? nuanhuo le. By March it is already starting to get warm. ' 13. Chuntiān hěn duan. Spring is very short. lU# Xiatiān y5ude shihou xia yǔ. It sometimes rains in the summer. 15. Qiūtiān zui hǎo. Fall is the best (season). 16. Nǐ shi shenme shihou likai When did you leave BSiJIng? Beijingde? 17. W5 zhen xiǎng Jiāzhou. I really miss California. 18. Xiatiān bu shi hěn chaoshi. It's not very humid in the summer. 19. Tin^shuo Taiwan changchang guā I hear that Taiwan often has taifēng. typhoons. 20. chang to be long REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II guǎ fēng: ’’（there) blows wind,’ Gua literally means "to scrape,” but when used in connection vith fēng，"wind,’1 it means ,’to blow.11 Like other weather expressions, such as xia xuě ”to snow，" the subject feng usually follows the vert ^ua. To say ”very windy,1，you say that the wind is big, either Fēng hen da or Gua da fēng. - Sānyue: ,fby March’’ A time word before the verb may mean f,byn a certain time as well as ”at’，a certain time, Sānyue jiū kāishi nuǎnhuo le: "By March it is already starting to get warm. When the time word before it is given extra stress, the adverb jiu indicates that the event in question happens earlier than might be expected. The marker le_ after the state verb nuanhuo，"to be warm,’，tells us that it is being used here as a process verb, ?Tto get warm.’， y5ude shihou: "sometimes” This is also said as you shihou. xiā yǔ: nto rain” Literally, M(there) falls rain." Now you have seen three weather expressions where the subject normally follows the verb: xia xuě, gua fēng and xia yǔ. WLF, Unit 1 WS zhēn xiǎng Jiazhōu: ,fI really miss California” The verb xiSng, translated here as ’’to miss,,T is the same verb as ’’to think”（"I really think of California [vith nostalgia]1，) • xiatiān bu shi hěn chaoshi: ffItfs not very humid in the summer." The shi is not obligatory in the sentence. It would also be correct to say bu hěn chaoshi, taifěng: "typhoon” The Chinese word taifēng was "borrowed into the English language as ’’typhoon.” FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II An American woman is talking vith a Chinese man in Hong Kong: F: N5C llkai Běijīng duSshao nian le? How many years has it been since you left Běijīng? M: Yijīng you ěrshi*banian le. It's already been twenty-eight years• F: Nī llkai zhěme Jiǔ, xiang bu Itbeen so long since you left, xiǎng Běijīng? do you miss Běijīng? M: Y5u'shihou xiang. Sometimes I miss it. F: TīngshuS Běijīng qiūtiande I hear that the autumn weather in tiānqi zux hao, shi bu shi? Běijīng is the best, isnft it? M: Dui le, qiūtiande tiSnqi zui Right, the autumn weather is the hao, bū lěng yě bu re. best; itfs neither cold nor hot. F: DSngtian xia xue ma? Does it snow in the winter? M: Dongtian you shihou xia xuě, It sometimes snows in the winter, ye changchang gua fēng. and it1 s often windy, too. F: Shenme shihou kāishi nuanhuo? When does it start to get varm? M: Sanyuě Jiu kai^hl nuanhuo le. It starts to get warm by March, Keshi chūntian hěn duan, But the spring is very short, VfiSyuě jiu re le. In May it starts to get hot. F: Xiatiān chaoshī ma? Is it humid in the summer? M: Xiatiān ySude shihou xia yǔ, It sometimes rains in the summer, kSshi "bfi shi hSn chaoshī. but it1 s not very humid. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE Nǐ llkai zhěme jiu： !,ītfs been so long since you left” You have seen jiǔ，which means !Tto be long in time，” in the phrase du$ jiǔ, "how long (a time)’’ * SECOND DIALOGUE FCR PART II An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei: M: Nǐ Juěde Taiběi chūntiande Do you feel that the spring weather tiānqi hǎo bu hao? in Taipei is good? F: Wo juěde zhělide chūntian hěn I feel the spring here is very good. hao, Sānyue jiu nuanhuo le. It gets warm in March. But I hear Keshi wo tīngshuS xiātian hen the summer is hot， right? re, dui bu dui? M: Dui le. Zhělide xiātian hěn Right. The summer here is very hot, re, changchang xia yu, hěn and it often rains; itfs very chaoshī. humid. F: Tingshuo yě changchang guā Ifve also heard that there are often taifēng. typhoons. M: Dui le. Yes. F: Taiběide qiutiān ne? How about the fall in Taipei? M: ōu, Jiǔ-Shiyuě hai hěn re, Oh, in September and October it*s Shiyīyuě jiū liangkuai le, still hot. By November it gets cool. PART III 21. Ni lǎojiǎ zai chěngli Is your home in the city or in the hiishi zai xiangxia? country? 22. Nali you shān, you senlin, There are mountains and forests there, hai you hu. and lakes， too. 23. Feng.lǐng hěn hǎo, kSngqi The scenery is very nice and the air hěn xinxian. is fresh• 2U, Nǐ lǎojia fuj inde huan.1 ing What1 s the country like where you，re zěnmeyang? from? 25. Nǐ laojiā něige difang What1s the population of your y5u duoshao rěnkou? hometown? 26, You wǔqian rěn zuoyou. There are about five thousand people. 2了. Nilr měiyou kongqi vǔrǎn. There1 s no air pollution there, 28 • Haibian hěn qinRjing. The seashore is very quiet. 29. Zhěr fujin you he ma? Are there any rivers in this area? 30. chěng city REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III chěngli: f,in the city/1 literally uinside the city wall.n xiangxia: ncoiintryn Also pronounced xiāngxia (with neutral tone xia) • fu.1 in: ’Vicinity1’ Also pronounced huajijlng: "environment，surroundings,,f In No • 2k the phrase m laojiā fujinde huan.1 ing is literally ”the environment of the vicinity of your original home. 1 nǐ lao.lia neige difajig: "your hometown" Lao.jia by itself only means ’’original home. To get the meaning "hometown," you must refer to the place (něige dlfang) where your "original home" (lǎojiā) is. Notice the different phrasing in the following sentences: Nǐ laojiā něige difang you Whatfs the population of your duSshao rěnkou? hometown? Nl laojiā nar you měiyou shan? Are there mountains where your original home is? Nl iSojiā zai xiāngxia ma? Is your original home in the country? shan, hū, he: "mountain, lake, river" These three words are used with the four points of the compass to make several province names. ShāndSng east of the (Tāihing) mountains Shānxī west of the (Taihang) mountains Hěběi north of the (Yellov) river Henan south of the (Yellov) river Hňběi north of the (Dongtlng) lake Hunan south of the (Dongtlng) lake FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Běijīng: M: Ni lǎojia fǔjinde huanjing Whatfs the country like where you1 re zěnmeyan g ? from ? F: Wo lǎojiǎde fujin you hěn duo There are a lot of mountains near shǎn. where I’m from. M: Něige xiǎo chěngde fēngjing That little town must have very hen hao ba! good scenery! F: Dui le. Narde fēngjǐng hěn Right. The scenery there is v^ry hao. You sēnlin, hUi good. There are forests and also you he. rivers. M: Narde kongqi hěn xīnxian ba. I suppose the air there is very fresh. F: Shi a! Nar měiyou kSngqi Yes! There is no air pollution wurǎn. there. M: Něige xiǎo chěng you du5shǎo What*s the population of that rěnkou? little town? F: You slqiān rěn zuoyou. There are about four thousand people. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE něige xiǎo chěng: "that little town” Youfve learned that chěngli means "in the city. One word for ”city” by itself is chěng [another is chěngshi1. Nī shuode shi něige Huāshěngdun? Which Washington are you talking Shi zhou haishi chěng? about? The state or the city? SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei: M; Nī lǎojia zai chěnglǐ haishi Is your home in the city or in the zai xiāngxia? country? F: Zai xiāngxia. Nali you shān, It?s in the country. There are you sēnlin, hai you hu. mountains there, and forests, and Fēngjǐng hěn hāo. WS likāi lakes, too. The scenery is very nali yjjlng you wǔniān le. good. It's already been five Wo hěn xiǎng wode laojiā. years since I left there. I miss my original home very much. M: Nī laojia něige difang you What *s the population of your home- duSshǎo rěnkou? town? F: Sanqiān rěn zuǒyou. About three thousand. M: Na hěn qlngj ing "ba? Then it must be very quiet, I suppose? F: Dui le, hěn qlngjing, KSngqi Right, itfs very quiet. The air is yě xinxian. Ntde jia zai fresh， too. What part of Chang- Zhanghua shenme difang? hua is your home in? M: Zai TianzhSng fuj in. Nali Near Tfienchung. The scenery there fingjIng yě hen hǎo4 měiyou is also very nice, and there’s no kSngqi wurǎn. air pollution• NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE Wo likai nali yǐjing you vǔnian le: "(Since) I left there it has been five years.”The marker le at the end of the sentence is new-situation le, and is necessary here. It shows that the duration stated (five years) is as of the present moment (ffso far,’）. Another point to bear in mind is that Le is used at the end of most sentences containing yǐjing. Zhānghua, nChanghua,is the name of a city and a county on the vest coast of central Taiwan. Tfienchung (TianzhSng) is a village in southeastern Changhua county. Unit 1, Vocabulary ching often chāiigchang often chāoshi to be humid chěng city, tovn * chěngli in the city chuntiān (chūntian) spring dSngtiān (dongtian) winter duan to be short feng wind fěngjing scenery fujin (fujin) area， neighborhood guā to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc.) hǎibiān(r) seashore he river hū lake hu&ajing environment juěde to feel kāishi to begin, to start kongqi (kongqi) air kongqi vǔrǎn air pollution lěng to be cold liāngkuai to be cool likai to leave nuanhuo to be warm qihou (qihou) climate qlng to be clear qingjing to "be quiet qiūtiān (qiǔtian) fall, autumn re to be hot rěnkou population sēnlin forest shān mountain shao to be few; seldom tāifeng typhoon tiān sky, heaven tiānqi (tiānqi) weather tingshuo to hear that, to hear it said wūrǎn pollution xiSng to miss, to think of xiāngxia (xiāngxia) in the country, the countryside xiatiān (xiatian) summer xia xuě to snow xiā yǔ to rain xīnxiān (xīnxian) to be fresh you(de) shihou sometimes zui most， -est zuSyou approximately, about Personal Welfare Module, Unit 2 Clothing PART I HEFKHKNCF； LliVV 1. rra Jint.iīin chuan fie yll'u zhēn The clothes she is wearing today are hǎo kan. really pretty. Wo xfiyao Jtjian xin yi fu. I need some new clothes. WǑcie dayi tai jiū le, wo xiang My coat is too worn, I want to get mǎi (yi)jian xīnde. a new one. J*. Bei.līngde d5ngtian hěn lěng, Winter in Beijing is very cold; you rn yiio mai hou yidiǎnrde. need to buy a heavier one. ‘>• N? i3}ienme shihou yu_ tuzhuāngdian? When are you going to the clothing store? 6. Gei wo mai yīshuāng tuoxiě， Buy me a pair of slippers, would you? hǎo bu hǎo? . Taibei chang xia yu, m xūyao It often rains in Taipei; you need a yǔyl， yǔxiě. raincoat and rainshoes. B. Wode yǓGan huai le. My umbrella has broken• 9. Wo hai xūyao yitiao kuzi• I also need a pair of pants. 10. Cbūnliān lai le， wo xiang Spring is coming; Ifd like to buy a mǎi ban y j diande qjliizi • lighter skirt. 1.1 . V:3 xiang mai yltao ^ānbufu. Ifd like to buy a cadre suit. 1LJ. Wo shāngvu qu mai le yitiao This morning I went and bought a kuzi he_ ji.lian chěnshān • pair of pants and a few shirts. 1，. xin to be new Ī Are your socks Nide wSzi enough socks? enough? gou "bu gōu? I donft have -> shirts aren't WSde chěnshān enough shirts enough. bu g3u. There arenft -The rice "bowls Fanwan bu gou. enough rice bovls. aren’t enough. waitao： This word has two meanings: (l) „coat, overcoat,11 and (2) a ”Jacket" which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A jacket cut above the waist is Jiakě*) zijǐ: ’’oneself; myself, yourself, himself, etc.’，This is a special pronoun. It can be used by itself, or it can follow another pronoun like nī, wo, ta, etc. Here are some examples. (For the first, you need to know -zhSng, "kind,” and for the last, you need to know zu$, flto make.) Mai yīfu, zui hao mai zijǐ When buying clothes， it is best to xihuande něizhǒng, buy the kind one likes oneself. Na shi wo ztj?de shi. That’s my own business. Zhěi shi tā zijl zuode, bū She made this herself, it isnft shi maide. (store-)bought. plxiě: Western-style "leather shoes，" a word commonly used where we would just say "shoes，，’ since traditional Chinese shoes (buxiě) are made of cloth. shuiyi: "pajamas," literally, ”sleep-garment” This word can use two different counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to. 1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is -tao, ,’set•” (Although we say na pair of pajamas11 in English, you cannot use the counter -shuang in Chinese. -Shuang is only for things that match, like shoes.) 2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter -jiān. shǔbao: ”tote bag, carryall,11 literally, ubook-sack.,f Although still used with the original meaning of a studentfs ”bookbag,” shubao has now come to have a more general meaning, since bookbags are often used to carry things other than books. [There are other words for ntote bag，，，but shūbāo is so useful that you should learn it first.] vāng: ’’to forget; to forget to; to forget that" Ni vang le ba? You've forgotten, haven11 you? Wo měi vāng. No, I havenTt forgotten. Wo wang(le) qū le. I forgot to go* WS wang(le) dai maozi le. I forgot to put on my hat. Wo wangle tā jidian zhSng lai. 工 forgot what time he is coming. Wo wangle tǎ jiao shenme mlngzi. I forgot what his name is. Wo wangle wo jīntiān měi kě. I forgot that I donft have any classes today, māoyī: ’’sweater," literally, f!woolen-garment • Na, "in that case, then,” is always used at the very beginning of a sentence, for example, Na， vSmen shěnme shfhou qu? Then, when shall we go? Na nǐ děi qu mai xīnde le: The le here is optional. It stresses that having to go buy a new sweater is a new situation. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II Tianjin. In the home of two senior cadres， a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping plans. (They live together with the wife's older sister.) F: Ni zuStiān "bu shi shu5 xiang Didnft you say yesterday that qu mai něiyi, něikīi ma? you wanted to go buy undershirts and underpants? M: Shi. a! Wo hai xiǎng mǎi Jian Yes! I also want to buy an vāitāo. overcoat• F: Mai waitaor a?! Nī něijian xīn Buy an overcoat?! Isnft that jiākě bū hǎo ma? new jacket of yours good? M: Hěn hǎo, keshi tiānqi yǐjīng It's very good, but the veather kāishǐ liang le, něijian has already started to get cold,, jiāke tai bao, wo xiang and that Jacket is too light, so mai jiān xīn wāitao. Ifd like to get a new overcoat. F: Nā women shěnme shihou qū? Then when shall we go? M: ōu, nǐ yě xiang qu a? Oh, you want to go too? F: Wo xiǎng qu mǎi yitao shuiyi, Ifd like to go buy a pair of mǎi liǎngshuāng nllong wazi. pajamas and a couple of pairs nylon socks• M: Ou, hǎo, nā women xianzai jiū Oh, all right, then let1s go qu, hāo Tdu hao? right now, okay? F: Hao, nǐ chuān něijian jiākě Okay. Will it be enough for you gou "bu gou? Tiānqi hěn to wear that jacket? The lěng a! weather is very cold! M: Gou le, wo hāi chuānle maoyī ne. It’s enough. I have a sweater on too • F: Ug, wode shūbāo ne? Huh, where1s my tote bag? M: Něige shubao shi bu shi? Is that tote bag it? F: Bu shi, nā shi wo Jiějiede. A! No, that1s my older sister's. Ah! Zai zhěr! Here it is! M: Hao le ba? All set? F: Hao le, zSu ba! All set* Letfs go! NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE vode shūbāo ne?: Questions with frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the sentence may be translated, "Where is my tote bag?’’ SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II Taipei. Conversation between a husband and wife. (Xiao Ming is their son.) F: Yingmlng, xThuan wo Jīntiān gěi Yingming, do you like the new hat nī maide zhědīng maozi ma? I bought for you today? M: Duōshao qian maide? How much did you pay for it? F: Bu gui a! Nǐ bu xǐhuan? It wasn't expensive! You don't like it? M: Ou, hěn hao kan. Nī shangwǔ qu Oh, it’s nice. You went shopping mǎi dSngxi la? this morning? F: Duī le. Right. M: Ni hai maile shěnme le? What else did you buy? F: Wo gěi nǐ maile liangJian chěn- I bought you two shirts. And since shān. Wo kan ni nājian lan I saw that that blue sweater of yansěde maoyī pole, hāi gěi yours is worn through, I also ni maile liǎngjian maoyī. bought two sweaters for you. One Yijian shi huangde, yijian shi is yellov and one is green. Look, lude. Nx kan. Xihuan ma? Do you like them? M: h§n hao kan. Xiěxie ni. They're very nice, Thank you. F: WS hai gei Xiao Ming maile I also bought a fev undershirts něiyī, něiku, he Jīshuang and underpants and a few pairs of wazi. socks for Xiao Ming. M: Nǐ gei ziji mai shěnme le? What did you buy for yourself? F: WS zijl maile yijian jiākě, I bought myself a jacket and an yijian waitao, hai maile overcoat, and I also bought yishuang xiě, yishuang hong a pair of shoes, a pair of red yānsěde pixie. leather shoes. M: Hai ySu měiyou? Anything else? F: Mm • . . měiyou le. Um . • . no. M: Na ni wangle gei wo mai shuiyi Then you forgot to buy pajamas for le ba? me, didn't you? F: Ou! Wo vang le! Wo mingtiān Oh! ī forgot! I'll go buy them qu m5i, hao bu hao? tomorrow, all right? M: HSo. All right. PART III REFERENCE LIST 22. Nǐ yao zuo shenmeyangde yīfu? What kind of clothing do you want made? 23. A: Wo yao zuo yijian qipāo• I vant to have a cheongsam made. B: Nǐ yao zuo shěnme liaozide? What material do you want it made from? A: Ni shuS yong shěnme liaozi What material do you think would be hǎo? best to use? B: Women zhěli you hěn duo We have many different kinds of zhSng liaozi, nin xǐhuan material here; which kind do you nǎyizhong? prefer? 2U. A: Ni yao zuo shěnme yangzide? What style do you vant it? B: Vo xǐhuan wo shēnshang I like the one I have on. chuānde zhěijiān. B: Nǐ ke bu kěyi zhao zhěige Could you make it in this style? yangzi zuo? 25. Wo gěi nin liang chīcun, hao I’ll take your measurements, all "bu hǎo? right? 26* Nǐ kankan zhěijiān mian^o See if this cotton-padded jacket hěshī bu hěshi. fits you, 2了• xīzhuāng Western-style clothes; Western-style suit REFERENCE NOTES zuo: ’’to make，1’ but in the Reference List sentence it is used for "to have made." Zuo yīfu has two possible meanings: "to make clothes" or T’to have clothes made.，’ The context will usually make clear which is meant• Zai Taiwan zuo yīfu bu piānyi Having clothes made isn*t cheap in le. ' Taiwan any more. shěnmeyajig: ”vhat kind，like what” Nide ditSn shěnmeyangr? What is your carpet like? Laide rěn shěnmeyangr? What did the person who came look like? Ni yaode dltSn shi shenmeyangde? What kind of carpet is it that you want? Nide pěngyou shi shenmeyangde What kind of person is your friend? rěn? qipao: A close-fitting woman1s dress with high Chinese collar and slit side, now called in English a ^cheongsajn,11 from the GuǎngdSng dialect name. Qf refers to the Manchurian nationality; pao means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name qipao comes from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn "by Manchurian women. liaozi: "cloth, fabric, material11 N? shu5".: Literally, "You say.",” but often used as in this question to mean, TTIn your opinion11 or ”Do you think."" -zhSng: ,fkind, sort*1 Nide luxlng zhlpiao shi What kind are your traveler1s na yizhSngde? checks? 螫 Nī qu něizhSng dxfang zuo What did you go to that kind shěnme? of place to do? Zhěizhong Juzi h§n gui. This kind of tangerine is very expensive. yangzi: (l) "appearance,” (2) "shape, form," (3) ”style, design: Tade yaLngzi hen hSo kan. Her appearance is very attractive. Kan tā něi yangzi! Look at his appearance! (i.e., "Get a load of him.”） Nī shuode něige dSngxi shi What does the thing you are talking shěnme yangzide? about look like? Tāde qlpaode yangzi hen bu The style of her cheongsam is cuo. quite nice. Nide xīn yīfu shi shěnme Whatfs the style of your new yāngzide? dress? shēnshang: non one1 s body, on one's person’， Tā shēnshang you yijian lan He has a blue overcoat on. dayi. Wo shēnshang měiyou qian. I don’t have any money on me. Wode qian xianzai dou zai tā He has all my money with him right shēnshang. now, ke bu kěyi: another vay to say kěyi bu kěyi. zhāo: f,according to” Jiu zhao zhěige nian. Just read it the way it is here (according to this), Jiu zhao zhěige paijiā huan ba! Just exchange it according to this exchange rate. Wo jiu zhao nxde yisi xiě, I111 just write it the vay you want hao bu hao? it written, all right? liang: "to measure，， Nǐ gěi wo liāngliang zheikuāi Measure this piece of cloth * liaozi gou bu gou. for me to see if there1s enough. chǐcun: "measurements，n literally, ”feet-inches•” Also pronounced chīcun (vith cun in the neutral tone). miazVao: ’’Chinese-style cotton-padded jacket11 hěshi: ’’to fit; to be suitable, to be appropriate1， Zhěijiān yīfu hěn hěshi, bu This garment fits well, it1s da yě bu xiǎo, neither too large nor too small. Nǐ chuān zhěige yansě bu tai That color doesn’t look right hěshi, huan (yi)jiān biěde ba. on you, try a different one. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III Beijing. A man (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made. (E) is the tailor. A: Wo yao zuo jījian yīfu. Ifdl like to have some clothes made. B: Xing a. Nin yao zuo shěnme- Okay, what kind of clothes do you yangrde yīfu? want to have made? A: Eng, wo yao zuo liǎngtao xīzhuāng, I,d like to have two Western- yitao chūntian chuānde， yitao style suits made, one to wear dongtian chuānde• in the spring and one to wear in the winter. B: Hao. Women shěr you hěn du5 All right. We have many kinds of zhong liaozi. Nin xihuan zuo cloth here. What kind of cloth něizhong liaozide? Zhěizhong do you like to wear? This kind liaozi zuo chūntian chuānde of cloth would look very good xīzhuāng hěn hao kan. Nin as a spring suit. Take a look kankan nin xihuan bu xihuan. and see if you like it. A: 0， hěn hao kan. Jiū zuo yitao Oh, it's very attractive. Make zhěizhong liāozide ba. one suit of this cloth. B: Nin kan, zhěizhong liaozi zuo What do you think of this cloth dSngtian chuānde xīzhuāng for the winter suit? Nice, isnft zenmeyeuig? Bū cuo ba? Hen it? Itfs very warm, nuǎnhuo• A: Liaozi hěn hao, keshi wo bu tai The cloth is very good, but 工 donft xihuan zhěizhong yansě. Nfn like this color very much. Do you lan yansede ma? you have this in blue? B: You lan yansěde• Zhěige Yes, I do. How is this? zěnmeyang? A: Hao. Zhěige wo hěn xihuan. Good. I like this very much, Xiěxie ni. Thank you. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made. A: Qingwěn, nīmen zhěli zuo bu zuo Do you make cheongsams and cotton- qlpāo he mianfao? padded coats here? B: Women 2'uo, zuo. Yes, we do, we do. A: Wo xiang yong zhě liangkuai I'd like to use these two pieces liaozi zuo yijian qipao han* of material to make a cheongsam yfjian miěn^So. and a cotton-padded coat. "han:~A common pronunciation in Taiwan for the character hě，’,and,’ or "with.” B: Qipao yao zuo changde haishi Do you want the cheongsam long or duande? short? A: Yao zuo changde. Long. B: Wo kankan nide liaozi you Let me have a look at hov much mater- duoshao ba. Zhěikuai kěyi ial you have. With this piece you zuo changde. Něikuai zhī can make a long one. With that kěyi zuo duǎnde. piece you can only make a short one. A: Na Jiu yong něikuai zuo mian'ao, Then use that piece to make the yong zhěikuai zuo qipao. Kěyi cotton-padded coat and use that ba? piece to make the cheongsam* Will that be all right? B: Kěyi, kěyi, Něikuai liaozi Sure. That piece of material is zuo mianfǎo hěn hěshi. Qlpāo very suitable for making a yao zuo shěnme yangzide? cotton-padded coat. What style do you want the cheongsam? A: Wo xǐhuan wo shēnshang chuānde I like the one I have on. Can you zhěijiān, Ni kě bu kěyi zhao make it according to the style zhěijiānde yangzi zuo? of this one? M: Kěyi, Xianzai wo gěi ni liang Yes. Nov I111 take, your measure- chīcun, hao bu hǎo? ments, okay? Unit 2， Vocabulary b40 to be thin; to be light (of clothing) chang to be long chěnshān shirt，tlouse chǐcun (chǐcun) measurement; size chuān to put on, to wear dai to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves, a hat, a watch, Jewelry, etc.) dayī overcoat -dǐng (counter for hats) fuzhuāngdian clothing store ganbufu. cadre suit gou to be enough han and (Taiwan pronunciation) he and hěshi to fit; to be suitable hou to be thick; to be heavy (of clothing) huai to be bad; to go bad, to break jiaJcě(r) OR jiākě(r) jacket -jian (counter for clothing) kuzi (yitiao) pants liang to measure liaozi material， fabric māoyī sweater maozi (yīding) hat mian1So cotton-padded jacket na then, in that case něiku underpants něiyī underwear (undershirts, undershorts, briefs, slips， bras, etc-); just undershirt (when used in contrast to něikū, underpants) nllong nylon pixie leather shoes po to be worn out; to break, to tear qjp£0 close-fitting woman1 s dress with high neck and slit skirt; cheongsam qū to go qunzi skirt . shěnmeyāng like what, what kind shēnshang on one’s body -shuāng Pair shūbao book bag, tote bag, carryall shuiyi (yitao) pajamas; nightgown _tao (counter for suits, sets of things) -tiāo (counter for long, winding things; counter for pants, translated "pair”） tuoxiě slippers waitao(r) coat, jacket (that extends below the waist) wāng to forget vazi socks xiě shoe xīzhuāng Western-style clothes; Western-style suit xūyao to need, to require yangzi appearance; shape, form; style, design; pattern yao should; must; it is necessary, to need to yīfu clothes yong to use — yǔxiě rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes yǔyī raincoat zhao according to -zhong kind, sort ziji self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc,) zuo to make; to have made Personal Welfare Module, Unit 3 Hair Care PART I REFERENCE LIST 1. Jīntiān wo y5u shi，q.ing I have things to do today, please ni kuāi yidiǎn jian, cut [my hair： faster. 2. A: Jian duǎn yidian ma? Do you want it cut short? B: Bu yao jian tai duǎn, Donft cut it too short, leave it liu chang yidiǎn. a little long. 3. Liǎngbiān jian duǎn yidian. Cut the sides a little shorter, ii. Gou duan le- Itfs short enough now. 5. Wo yao xǐ tou. I want a shampoo. 6. Wo bu yao you. I don’t want any (hair) oil. 了. Hai you toufa, bū shūfu, Therefs still some hair [e.g.， on my qing ni nong gānjing neck] and itfs uncomfortable; yidian. please clean it up a little, 8. Qing gei wo gua yixia huzi. Give me a shave, please• (Literally, ，’Please shave the beard for me.,f) 9. Ki yao chui běi ma? Do you want your back pounded? 10. NT yao anmo ma? Do you want a massage? 11. Nǐmen zhěli you cā_ Can I get a shoeshine here? pixiěde ma? 12. liu huzi to grow a beard 13• lǐ fa to have a haircut 1^. lifadian/lǐfaguan barbershop REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I you shi: ”to be occupied, to have something to do,” literally, ”to have business. Nǐ xianzai you shi ma? Are you busy now? Měi shi. No, Ifm not busy. jian: Mto cut (vith a scissors), to clip, to trim” Chinese has several different words for English f,to cut” depending on the method of cutting. Jiǎn only refers to cutting with a scissors or clipper• bu yao: ”don*t丨1 In Transportation Module, Un t 3，you learned biě for "donH” in negative commands. Bu yao means the same thing. liSng~biān: ”two sides, both sides” In English it is enough to say just ,fthe sides" and to add lftwoff or "both” seems superfluous, but liSng is necessary in Chinese. Perhaps this is because Chinese has no way of indicating plural, as does the £ in English, f,the side^." Gou duan le: "It’s short enough nowft There are two things to notice in this short sentence: (1) In English we say "short enough,11 but in Chinese you say literally "enough short11; in other words, gou is used as an adverb to modify the adjectival verb duan. (2) le here indicates a nev state of affairs: before, the hair wasnft short enough, but now it is. Thus le_ can be rendered into English by the word 11 now. M xǐ tou： Mto wash the hair” Tou is literally "head，” but in many cases actually refers to the hair. In most Chinese "barbershops a shampoo after the haircut is standard procedure, and you would not have to specify that you vant one. (Xǐ tou is translated as ’’to shampoo/1 Liquid shampoo is called xǐfajing, ^wash-hair-essence•n) Notice that Wo yao xǐ tou has been translated idiomatically as ”1 want a shampoo,” although literally xi tou is a verb-object "to vash the head/1 Many Chinese phrases made up of a verb plus object are ambiguous as to who performs the action. You might have been tempted to translate Wo yao xi tou as — 111 want to wash the hair,” "but in this context the sentence actually means 111 want to have (my) hair washed，’，that is, by someone else (the barber). The context should tell you which meaning is intended. Another example: I am going to wash clothes. Wo qu xǐ yīfu. OP I am going to have clothes washed. Usually you won't have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the situation or other things the speaker says will make it clear. you: Literally, "oil,” this word may be used in a looser sense to refer to all sorts of liquid preparations applied to the hair by hand (e.g., Vitalis). The specific word for Mhair oil” is fayou or touyou. Hai y5u tSufa.*.: This is the sentence to say when the barber leaves bits of hair on your neck. The average person would gesture to his neck and say this sentence. shūfu: "to be comfortable; to feel good” Zhěige y?zi 2hen shūfu. This chair is really comfortable. Zhěige xiao fēng hao shūfu a! This breeze ("little wind”） feels so good! Bu shūfu can either mean ,!to be uncomfortable" or "not to be well," that is, to feel ill. A: W^ng Xiaojie wěishěnme Why didnft Miss Wāng come today? Jīntiān měi lai? B: Ta jīntiān bu shūfu. She doesn’t feel well today, n5ng: An extremely versatile verb because it has such a general meaning: "to do/manage/handle/malce.M Nong often substitutes for a more specific vert. Also pronounced long or neng. WS qū nong fan. I111 go get the meal ready. Wo qu nong něige. I'll go take care of that. W5 zij? nong "ba. Let me dc it myself. Biě nong něixie shiqing. Don't mess around vith that sort of thing. Tā nongle hen du5 qian- He came up with a lot of money• But in the Reference List sentence, nong is used in an even more common way, meaning ”to make (someone/something a certain way)” or ”to get (someone/ something into a certain condition).1’ Other examples: nSngganJing: "to make/get something cleanu nonghuai: f,to break, to put out of order, to ruin" nōngpo: "to tear, to break" guā huzi: ,fto shave11, literally, ,Tto scrape the beard.” The verbotject phrase gua huzi， like x? tou in Reference List Sentence No. 5， may be translated in either of two ways depending on the context: either ,’to shave (someone)” or "to have someone shave oneself.” gěi vS gua huzi: 11 shave me” Gěi is the prepositional verb meaning 11 for. When you have a verb-o*bJect phrase like gua huzi you indicate the person upon whom the action is performed by using a gěi phrase. Qing ni g?i vo x? tou. Please vash my hair for me (i.e., I give me a shampoo). chui běi: 11 to pound (someone^) back11 as in massage. Rarbert; in China often provide this service after the haircut. Here once ap;ain，chui bei is a verb-object phrase vith the same ambiguity as xl tou and p、uā huzi: it—may mean "to pound someone fs back11 or ”to have one1 s back pounded. Again, the context determines the interpretation. When the barber asks you Nǐ yao chui běi ma?, you can safely assume that he is offering to pound your back rather than asking you to pound his. anmo: This is the noun ’’massage•” In recent years, an increasing number of barbershops in Taiwan, Hong Kon^, and a few in the PRC have added massage to their list of services. Chinese medical clinics and hospitals also give therapeutic massage. cā pixie: flto shine shoes/to have one1 s shoes shined” (Cā is ]iter-ally, to wipe, to rub,) Once again, there is potential ambiguity as to who is the performer of the action. Also note that Chinese must use the verb-object; there is no noun corresponding to English "a shoeshine.,f The translation of the Reference List sentence using na shoeshine" ir> idiomatic. Literally the sentence means, "Is there someone who shines shoes here?" Cā pixiěde is a noun phrase meaning "someone who shines shoes, a shoeshiner.M liu huzi: lfto grow a beard," literally liu, ’’to leave, to let be,n and huzi beard, mustache, FIRST DIALOGUE FOB PABT I Taipei. A Chinese man (A) valks into a barbershop and sits down in a "barber’s chair. The barber is B and the shoeshine boy is C. B: Jiǎnduǎn yidiǎn ma? Do you want it a little shorter? A: Bū, vo yao liu chāng yidian. I vant to leave it a little long. B: Hao. All right- A: Nǐmen zhěli you meiyou cā pixiěde? Do you have someone who shines shoes here? B: You， you. Ē， zhěvei xiānshēng Yes, we do. (to the shoeshine boy) yao cā pxxiě, kuai lai! Hey, this gentlemen vants to have his shoes shined, come quickly! C: Hao! Okay! (Ten minutes later) B: Xiānshēng, n? kankan houbian Sir， take a look at how the back is, zenmeyang, hai yao bu yao do you vant more off? zai jiǎn yidiǎn? A: Bu yao le, houbian hěn hao. No, the back is fine. As for the Liangbian me.•• sides••• B: Liǎngbiān changle yidian? The sides are a little long? A: Liǎngbiān yě hěn hǎo. Jiū The sides are okay, too. Just leave zhěyangzi bai it this way. B: Hao. (A fev minutes later) B: Gěi nJ chui yixia běi zenmeyang? Pound your back for you? A: Bu bi le. That’s not necessary. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE Liǎngbiān me: me indicates hesitation, indecision or consideration. It is translated here by the words "as for.11 SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I A barbershop in Běijīng. An American goes into a medium-sized barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting area, his number is called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits down in a barber's chair. Since the American has been here three times before, the barber and he are already acquainted. B: Hěi! Nin zhě tou* gou changde Hey, this hair of yours is getting le! avfully long! A: Zhěiliǎngge yuě tai mang, měi I*ve been two busy the past couple shīJiān na! Duǎn yidianr of months, I haven11 had any time! ba! Cut it short for me, okay? B: Xing a! Sure! B: Zhěi houbianr gou duan le, It's short enough in back. How about liarxgbiānr zenmeyang? Duo liu the sides? How about leaving them yidianr hao bu hǎo? a little long? ' A: Bu yao liu le，nin jiū jian. ba. Don’t leave them long, t1ust cut them. Ē： Xianzai zěnmeyāng? How is it now? A: Bū cuo!* Pretty good! B: Na, dao neibianr zuo, wo Then, have a seat over there and gěi nin xi tou. I'll give you a shampoo. A: Hao. All right. B: Yao diǎnr you ma? Want some oil? A: Bu yao, bu yao. No, I donft. B: Guāgua huzi ba? How about a shave? A: Bu yong le, duo xiě nin, huzi That1s not necessary, thank you. wo zijī gua ba! Nin gei wo I'll shave myself! Just clean up bǎ toufa nonggǎnjingle jiu the hairs for me and that will be xing le. all right. B: Hao, Xianzai shūfu le ba? Okay, does that feel better? A: Shūfu du5 le. Xiěxie ninl Much better. Thank you! B: Bu keqi. You•re welcome. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE měi shi jian na: Na is a contraction of n£ and a_. *bu cuo: "not "bad, pretty good” （MTG 2) dao neibianr zuo: The £u is omitted from this phrase. PART II REFERENCE LIST 15. A: Mingtiān wo yao zuo I want to have my hair done tomorrow； toufa, wo xūyao yuyuē do I need to make an appointment? ma? B: Bu xūyao, wanshang bādian No. If you come before eight in zhong yīqiān lai jiu the evening there won’t be any měi věnti. problem. 16. A: Ni yao jian duōshao? Hov much do you vant cut off? B: Wo yao jiǎn vufēn. I want five fēn cut off. 1了， Hěishi you diǎn chang. It's still a little long. l8• Yao bu yao shiyishi liu chang Do you want to try leaving it a yidian? Wo xiang yiding little longer? I’m sure it hāo kan. vill look good* 19. Wo xiang tang toufa. I1d like to get a permanent. 20. A: Ni yao Juan toufa ma? Do you want to have your hair curled? B: Bu yao, chuigan jiu kěyi le. No， just blow-dry it and that will be fine. 21. shii tou to comb/brush onefs hair REFERENCE NOTES ON PABT II zuo toufa: f’to do hair” or nto have one’s hair done" (See the Reference Notes for Part 工 on xǐ tou, guā huzi, chui běi, cā pixie.) yuyuě: ，，to make an appointment,f literally ITbeforehand make-an-appointment.” This is relatively nev PRC usage; this vord used to have only the meanings ’’a preliminary agreement” or，’to pre-order a book which has not yet been published.” In Taiwan (or the PRC for that natter), you may use instead the phrase xian yuē yige sh£jiān, ”to arrange a time beforehand.” Appointments are not generally required or accepted in barbershops and beauty parlors in the PRC or Taiwan. věnti: "problem” or ’’question•’，Měi (you) venti is just like the English "no problem.n In addition to its literal meaning of MThere is no prcTblem,” měi věnti can also "be used to assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly. Ke bu kěyi qlng ni gěi wo wen Could you please ask about this zhěijiān shi? matter for me? . Měi věnti. No problem. fēn: A Chinese unit of length equal to 1/3 of a centimeter, or slightly more than 1/8 of an inch. Fēn originally meant ’’one tenth.f? You have also seen it meaning "one cent*，(1/10 of a dime, mao). As a unit of length, fēn is one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun). We have drawn a ruler marking off cun ("inches”） and fēn so that you can contrast it with our American (British) inch. o i 2 cun 1111111111111 ri I iTrlri ,e'n 0 12 3 j-j-j-J English inches you dian: Used before a state verb, you (yi)dian means f’a little, slightly, as in: you yidiǎn re a little hot you yidian nan a little difficult The use of you yidian deserves your special attention, since English speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying yidian nan (which is incorrect) for ’，a little difficultfl instead of the correct form ySu yidian nan. Remember to put in that you? shiyishi: nto try, to give it a try" Shi is nto try” in the sense of "to experiment.” It does not mean ,ftry" in the sense of "to make an effortn to do something. yiding: "certainly, surely, for sure, definite(ly)11 Literally, sentence 18 means I think it will surely be good-looking,lf which can be translated more smoothly as nITm sure it will look good. The phrase tfIfm sure • • •” will often translate into Chinese as W5 xiang • • • yiding • . . ， for example: Wo xiǎng nx yiding xihuan. I*m sure you111 like it. Wo xiang ta yiding lai* I’m sure he111 come. tang toufa: ”to get a permanent” The use of the verb tang for ”to get a permanent" has an interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in the language rather than borrow from other languages. Tang originally meant (and still does) ,，to scald11 or ”to apply heat to，，something. For example 5 tang yīfu means ”to iron clothes•” The earliest methods for giving a permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in Běijīng (as in other parts of the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of permanent called dian tang, "electric permanent•’， After the introduction of chemical permanents, the verb tang continued to be used, even though no heat is applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called lěng tang, "cold permanent.u juǎn: ,!to curl, to roll upff You will find this verb used in many contexts, not just in the area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose vord for rolling or curling ribbons, paper, pastry, and building materials. CCurly hair is juǎnfa， straight hair is zhifa>] chuīgān: "to "blow-dry” Chui is Mto blow, to puff” and gān is the adjectival verb to be dry.M These two verbs used together to form a compound which indicates both the action and the result: "to blow until dry” or ’’to blow vith the result that (something) becomes dry." Chuigan and the English word "blow-dry," look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are not. In English you can leave off the word ,fblowff and just say "to dry someone1 s hair，1’ whereas in Chinese you cannot use gan to mean the action of drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use another verb with gān in order to tell the action which caused the drying. For example, cagan means ”to wipe (something) dry." FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II A Canadian woman (C) valks into the Běijīng Hotel hairdresser1 s. First she talks with the cashier in front (A)， Later the hairdresser (B) calls her. C: Jīntiān rěn zhěme du5, wo There are so many people today. Ifll mingtiān zai lai ba. Qǐng just come back tomorrow. May I wen, wo ke bu kěyi yuyuē? ask, can I make an appointment? A: Bu bi yuyuě, nin děng shifen No need to, there will be a seat if zhong jiu you difang le. you just wait ten minutes. B: Qing zuo. Nin xiang zenme zuo? Have a seat, please. How would you Yao bu yao Jiǎn duan yidianr? like it done? Do you vant it cut a little shorter? c： Wo xiang wode toufa you yidianr I think my hair is a little long, chāng le, zui hao jiSnyiJian. Ifd better have it cut a little. B: Jian duSshao? Wǔfenr gou bu gou? How much? Is five fen enough? C: Wǔfēnr? ”Wǔfēnr” shi shěnme yisi? Five fen? What does "five fen" mean? B: 0， wufēnr jiu shi zhěme yidianr. Oh, five fen is this much. (Holds her thumb and index finger five fen apart•) C: Ou, jian wǔfenr hao. Oh, (it would be good to) cut off five fen. B: Hao, women xiān gěi nin xǐ tou, All right, first ve’ll give you a Jianduan, ranhou zai zuo. shampoo and cut, and then set it. C: Hǎode. Fine. B: Nin yao tang haishi yao Juan? Do you want to have a permanent or do you want to have it curled? B: Wo bu xǐhuan tang, jiū juan- I donft like permanents• Just curl yijuan hao le. it a little. B: Hao, jiu juanyijuan, chuigan. Okay, 1*11 just curl it and blow-dry. You shihour tang toufa yě hěn Sometimes a permanent looks very hao kan. Xiayici nin kěyi good, too. Next time you can try , shiyishi. one. C: Hǎo, xiāci wo shiyishi. Okay, next time I111 give it a try. (Afterwards, the woman gets up and the barber takes her to the cashier at the front of the shop.) B: Xǐ tou yikuāi qian, jiǎn tou A dollar for a shampoo， a dollar and yikuāi wǔ, juan fa wǔ kuāi wǔ， a half for a cut， five fifty for chuigan yikuāi wǔ, o, yigong the set, a dollar and a half for shi jiukuai wumao qian, blow drying, um，altogether that1s nine fifty. C: Zhěr shi shikuai, bu yong zhao le. Here1s ten dollars, keep the change. B: Bu, zhao nin vumāo qian. No, herefs fifty cents change. C: Zāijiān. Good-bye. B: Zāijiān. Good-bye• NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE Tipping is not permitted in the PRC. This is why the barber insists on giving the woman her change. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II Taipei. A woman student about to have her hair done is talking with the hairdresser. A: Xiaojie， ni yao zuo shěnme yang- What style do you want it, Miss? zide tou? B: Vo měiyou zuoguo toufa, měici I1ve never had my hair done before, d5u shi xǐyixi, jianyijian, every time I’ve just had it washed, chuīgān Jiu hao le. cut and blow-dried, and that1s it. A: Zhěici yao bu yao shiyishi ne? Would you like to try this time? B: Vo xiang wo juan toufa dagai bū I think I probably wouldn't look hao kan, good with my hair curled. (A shows B a photograph,) A: Xiǎojiě， nǐ kan, zhěge yangzi hen Miss, look, this sample is very hǎo kande, zhi juan yidiǎndian, pretty. It's only a little curled, nx yao bu yao shi yixia? Would you like to give it a try? B: Hao, wo shi yixia. Okay, I'll give it a try. A: Vo xiang nǐ yiding xǐhuan. • ♦ • sure you'll like it... . Well, .Ka wo jiu bu jian le, toufa then, I wonH cut it. The set will chang yidiǎn zuode hǎo kan. look better if the hair is a little long. B: Hao, xiěxie ni. Thank you. A: Eu kěqi* You，re welcome. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE hen hǎo kande: The 一de here means "that's how it is•” This usage is typical of southern dialects. yidiandiǎn: ”a very little "bit”，less than yidiǎn. Unit 3， Vocabulary anmo massage bū yao don*t . cā to rub, to wipe chui běi to pound (someone*s) back chuīgan to blow-dry (with a dryer) fen one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun) gānjing to be clean gua to scrape guā huzi to shave (the beard) hūzi beard OR mustache jiSn to cut (vith scissors) Ju5n to curl, to roll up liǎngbiān both sides, two sides liu to remain, to stay; to keep, to save; to grow, to let grow; to leave liu huzi to grow a beard or mustache měi went! no problem nong to do, to handle, to manage, to make nong gānj ing to clean up shi to try — shi(yi)shi to give it a try shǔfu to be comfortable shǔ t6u to "brush or comb hair tang to get a permanent toufa hair (on the head) went! question, problem xl to wash xl tou to shampoo, to get a shampoo yiding certainly, surely, for sure y6u oil, grease y5u shi to be occupied， to be busy, to have things to do you (yi)diǎn a little bit, somewhat to make an appointment (PRC) zu5 toufa to do onefs hair, to have onefs hair done Personal Welfare Module， Unit b In the Home PART I REFERENCE LIST 1. Yanjing gin zhipiaoben d5u I have both my glasses and checkbook ： dai le. with me (on me). 2. Xiaoběnzi zai wo xīzhuāng My notebook is in my suit ~koudaili. pocket• 3. ZhaoxiāngjI zai xiSngzili. My camera is in the suitcase. U. Ni daile yige luyinjl, dui "bu You have a tape recorder with you, dui? donft you? 5- Wǒ měi dai shoushi lai. I didnft brin^ any jewelry with me. 6. Nǐ bǎ nǐ daide dōngxi d5u xiě Did you write everything you have ' zai shenbāodānshang le ma? with you on your declaration? 7. ； Wo daile ěrshijuan iuyīndai > I have twenty reels of recording tape with me. 8. Wo zhldao hen duo Zhongguo funu I knew that a lot of Chinese vomen bu dai shSushi， suoyi wo yě měi don’t wear jewelry, so I didn't dai shoushi lai, bring any either. 9* Qing nlC ba xiangzi dakai gěi wo Please open your suitcase and let kankan. me take a look. 10. Měi shi le« Everything is all right OF There's no further business. 11. Ni yao daide dōngxi d5u yubei- Have you got all the things you want hǎo le ma? to take vith you ready? 12. zhīpiao check (as in personal check) ^ REFERENCE NOTES ON PABT I yanjing: ”eyeglasses" Donft mix this up with yanjing, neye.,f In B?ijing speech these words are pronounced yanjxngr ("eyeglasses") and yanjing (?,eye,f), keeping them even more distinct from each other. zhlpiaoběn: "checkbook” Zhīpiao is a ”check," literally ”pay-ticket.w Běn(r) is a booklet• dai: "to "bring” This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2， dli’ "to wear， to put on (glasses， gloves, a hat, a wristvatch， jewelry, etc.)/， They are different words, however, written Vith different characters (带 for ”to bring" and 戴 for "to wear”）. The translation of the first Reference List sentence is idiomatic; we would say ,,I have • • • with me” or ”1 have • • . on me” when Chinese says literally, ”1 have brought ” • • • ♦ xiǎoběnzi: "notebook,11 literally "small book,” In Reference List sentence No. 2, xiaoběnzi is translated specifically as "address book.11 Actually, the word is more neutral in meaning (’’notebook, bookletn), but picks up the specific translation from the context. xiangzi: "box, trunk, case’1 Xiangzi corresponds to the English ,Tsuit-case,” while xlngli is the equivalent of luggage•M shēnbāodǎn: ffdeclaration form11 Shenbao is the verb "to report to a higher body, to declare something at customs. 1 Dan is the noun meaning "bill, list, note.11 xiě zai shenbaodanshang: ”write it on the dec],' -ion form” Notice that the place phrase (zāi~ . . shang) is placed ar匕er the verb here, rather than in its usual place before the verb. When the location tells vhere the result of the activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after the verb (a position where other "results” also show up). Compare these two sentences: Zai zhuSzishang xiě zi. Write (with paper) on the desk. Bu yao xiě zai zhuōzishang! Donft vrite on the desk! (Said to a child making marks on the table.) funu: Mwomen^ vomankind” This the term for "women’，in the general sense• The^term nurěn is less polite and more biological: ,ffemale•" (In Taiwan, funu refers only to married women. Nude may be used for "women, voman•”) Wo zhidao hěn du5 Zhongguo fūnu bu dai shoushi， suoyi vo yě měi dai shoushi lai: The first verb dai means ”to wear，1’ and the second verb dai is ffto "bring with one, • ba xiangzi dakai gěi vo kankan: "open the suitcase for me to take a lookn or open the suitcase and let me take a look"， You have learned gěi as a main verb "to give*' and as a prepositional vert meaning "for" (Q^ng ni gei vo huanhuan, ’’Please change it for me”）. In Reference List sentence No. 9 you see gěi used in a longer type of sentence. Compare the following examples: ba xiangzi dǎkai gěi vo kankan open the suitcase for me to take a look nian gěi vSmen tīngting read it aloud for us to listen mai něidJng maozi gěi tā dai buy that hat to give to her to wear zuo něige diǎnxīn gěi halzi chī make that pastry for the child to eat When gei comes after the verb, it can mean either ”to give” or ”for，let.1' For example, Ba něiběn shǔ nachulai gěi vo kankan could mean either ”Take out the book and (actually) give it to me to look at,” OR ”Take out the book for me to see (show it to me, not necessarily hand it to me).” The context vill help you decide which is meant; often, only one will make sense. CAUTION: Although gěi is sometimes idiomatically translated as ”to let," you should not take this to mean that English "to let’1 may always be translated into Chinese vith gěi* There is a very limited correspondence "between ’’let” and gěi• Usually you vill translate T’to let” as rang, which is introduced in Unit 6, Part III， of this module. Měi shi le: "Everything is all right now” OR ’’Therefs no further business.” Here, this means ”Nov that I’ve looked over your suitcase I find that there isn*t anything further we need to take up." yubeihǎo le: "prepared” You have already learned the word zhunběi， "to prepare, to get ready1’ or ’’to plan to, Yubei is a close synonym. Yubeihao or zhunběihao both mean ’’to get all ready.IT The ending -hao on certain verbs indicates bringing something to a satisfactory conclusion. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET I An American voman is going through customs in GuangzhSu (Canton). M: Ni ba ni daide dōngxi d5u xie Did you write everything you have zai shenbaodanshang le ma? vith you on your declaration? F: Dou xiě le. Yes, I wrote everything. M: Nī daile yige zhatoxiangjī, yxge You have a camera, a tape recorder lūyīnjī, yige sh5uyīnjī， dui and a radio vith you, don’t you? bu dui? F: Dui le. Right, WLF, Unit h ■ X » * M: Ni daile duSshao Iuyīndai? How much tape do you have vith you? F: Wǒ daile ěrshijuan. I have twenty reels vith me.. M: Nǐ daile shoushi měiyou? Do you have any Jewelry with you? F: Wo zhīdao hen du5 Zhongguo funu I knew that many Chinese women donft bū dai shoushi, suoyi wo yě wear jevelry, so I didn’t bring any měi dai shSushi lai. jewelry either. M: Nǐ daile duSshao Měijīn? How much American money do you have with you? F: Wo daile sanqian wubaikuai. I have three thousand five hundred dollars. M: Qǐng ni ba xiangzi dakai gěi Please open your suitcase and let us women kankan. take a look. F: Hao. Certainly. M: Hǎo. Xiěxie ni- Měi shi le. Okay, thank you. Everything is all Nī kěyi zou le. right• You may go now. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I A Chinese couple in Taipei are talking just before the husband is to leave on a trip, F: Nǐ yao daide d5ngxi d5u yubeihao Have you got all the things you vant le meiyou? to take with you ready? M: Vo xiang wo d5u yubeihao le. I think I have them all ready. I Yanjing gin zhīpiāoběn dou have my glasses and my checkbook dai le. Xiaoběnzi zai wo with me. My address book is in xīzhuāng koudai lǐmian. my suit pocket. F: Nǐ shu5 nī yao zhao xiang.* Nī You said you wanted to take pictures. dai zhāoxiangjī le meiyou? Do you have your camera with you? M: Wo dai le. Zai xiāngzili. Yes. It1s in my suitcase. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE •zhao xiang: ’’to take photographs" (WLF 6) WLF, Unit U PART II REFERENCE LIST lh. Nj zhu fangzi haishi gongyu? Do you live in a house or an apart- ment building? 15• Zhěige fangzi yigong you jlge How many rooms does this house/ fangjian? apartment have? l6. Zhěige fangzi you sanjian v5shi. This house/apartment has three bedrooms. IT. WS dai ni kankan. I111 take you and shov you, 18. Women ba fangzi zuchuqu le. We rented out the house/apartment. 19. WSmen xiǎn dao kětlng zuo yixia, Let's first go and sit in the living he dian cha. room and drink some tea. 20. Zhěige fangzi haoxiang hen da. This house/apartment seems very large. 21. Zenme dāde fangzi, gǎo věishēng： It must be a bother to do the hěn mafan ba? cleaning with such a large house. 22. Pingchang Xiao Lltn gen wo yiqx Usually Xiao Lan straightens up the shSushi vuzi. place (rooms) with me. 23. Women dao fantIng chī fan qu ba. Let fs go to the dining room and eat. 2U# Wo shi zijx zuo fān. I do my own cooking. 25. chūfang kitchen 26. xizaofang bathroom 2了. slńifSiig study, library (of a house) 28. wofang bedroom (alternate word for voshi) REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II gōngyu: "apartment building,11 literally ’’public residence’’ In the PRC, the vord gSngyu is seldom used (only in the names of some buildings, and in technical contexts), but in Taiwan it is widely used. ,fApartment building’， may be translated as either gSngyu or gSngyulou. Gongyu is sometimes used •Tnr* on 由” Nǐmende gSngyu you jǐjiān How many rooms does your apartment fangjiān? have? … But you would use dānyuan, "unit，” not gōngyu, for ”apartment11 in Zhěige gongyulou you du5- How many apartments are there shao dānyuan? in this apartment building? Although an apartment-dweller vill usually refer in English to his apartment in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their fangzi. In other words, any type of residencehouse or apartment—can be called a fangzi. Use the word gongyu when you need to distinguish clearly between "apartment11 and "house. -jiān: This is the counter for rooms. Don’t confuse it with the falling tone -jian, the counter for articles of clothing, which you learned in WLF 2, dai: This is the verb you learned meaning nto bring (along), to take (along).11 Here it is used vith the extended meaning of Mto take” or "lead” someone to a place. Wo dai ni qu. I’ll take you there. Xiāwu qǐng ni dai haizi dao In the afternoon, please take the gongyuan qu vanr• children to the park to play. zūchuqu: lfto rent out” The verb zu by itself means ,fto rent” in the opposite direction, that is, to rent something from the ovner. Contrast: Wǒ ba fangzi zuchuqu le, I rented out the house. Wo zule yige fangzi. I rented a house (to live in)• kětin^: ''living room，” literally,，，guest-hall, dao kěting zuo yixia: ngo to the living room and sit a while” This is roughly the equivalent of dao kětīnR qū zuo yixia. The verb is sometiines omitted after a dao phrase when the meaning of ”go” does not need to be emphasized. he cha: f,to drink tea’， This is not an involved ritual as the Japanese have, but it is not simply the taking of a beverage, either. He cha, in a social setting means talking and relaxing while sipping tea. Books have been written on tea in China, its social significance, and the art of serving it. Ve cannot do justice to the topic in this small note. Let us just leave you with two tips: 1. Except with close friends, don’t turn down " a cup of tea when offered. It is as much a gesture of friendship and a means of communication as it is a "beverage. 2. Don't ask for sugar, lemon or milk. Unless you are in a restaurant ordering it, lemon and milk vill most likely be unavailable. It is a double embarrassment to your host, who may not keep lemon and milk on hand, and who hates to see someone defile the good taste of pure tea. haoxiang: 11 to seem, it seems as if" Use this word as an adverb, placing it before the verb phrase. Tā haoxiang bū dong. He seemed not to understand. OR He didn’t seem to understand. Nǐ haoxiang "bu tai xǐhuan zhěige You don’t seem to like this house fangzi. too much. Ni haoxiang zai xiang shěnme You seeiri to be thinking about shi. something. Tā gēge haoxiang chāngchang His older brother seems to get shēng bing. sick very often. Haoxiang is sometimes used merely to express that the speaker thinks a situation is so, but cannot confirm his suspicion. In such sentences, haoxiang is best translated as MIt seems to me that . • .’’or ”1 think . . .’’or "I seem to remember •. • . Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the same. Wo haoxiang zai nar kanjianguo It seems to me Ifve seen this zhěige 21. character somewhere before * Ni haoxiang gāosuguo wo zhěijiān I seem to remember your telling me shiqing. about this before. Zai něige shihou， tǎ haoxiang At that time, he was still living hāi zhu zai JiāzhSu. in California, I think. Meiguo haoxiang měiyou zhěige, It seems to me you don’t have this dui bu dui? in America, do you? pao věishēng: "to. clean,” literally ,’to do sanitation” This is an expression used in the PRC. The verb gǎo, ’’to do, originally a vord found in southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese, is now widely used in Standard Chinese, even in Beijing. In Taiwan, gap does not have as vide a usage as in the PRC, where many new expressions have been created since 19^9 using this ve b. mafan: ’’to be troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient” In the Money module， you learned the verb mafan for ”to bother, to incon-venience (someone)，” as in Mafan ni le， "Sorry to trouble you.” Here you learn mafan as an adjectival verb. Nā tāi mafan le. That fs too much trouble Zhen mafan. What a bother, plngchān^: "usually, generally, ordinarilyf? Like other two-syllable time words, pingchang may come before or after the subject, but always before the verb. Pingchang women d5u zai kětīng kan dianshi. We usually vatch television in Women pingchang dou zai kětīng the living room, kan dianshī. Wo pingchang jiǔdian zhSng cāi I don ft usually get off work xia ban. until nine o*clock, shoushi: "to straighten up, to tidy up (a place)，’ or ”to put away, to put in order, to clear away (things). Use shōushi when you1 re talking about neatening up a place, use gǎo věishēng when you1re talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC [and gao qlngjiě "to (soap and water) clean，1 in Taiwan]. Tā haoxiang you bānnian měi It looks as if he hasn’t picked shōushi wuzi le. up his place in half a year. Nx kuai yidianr shSushi xingli, Pack your things quickly, ve want women yao zou le. to leave. vuzi and fang jian: Both of these words means f’room, chamber"’ Wūzi is seldom used in Taiwan, however. For rooms in public places， like hotels, use fangjian rather than vūzi. f ant Ing: ，’dining room,，，literally ’’meal-hall. n chi fan: ”to eat，” literally ”eat food•” Fan is literally, "cooked rice/ "but in the expression chi fan it refers to food in general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus general object, like nian shu, ”to study'* or shu5 hua ”to speak.n (See BIO, Unit 了•）This verb chi may, of course, be followed by a specific object such as pingguS, ”apples，” as in: Wo chile yige pīngguo. I ate an apple. But if you mean ”eat” in the sense of nto eat food” or "to have a meal，” then you should use the general object fan: Nǐ chi fan le meiyou? Have you eaten? (Have you eaten a meal?) Tā zui ai chī fan. He loves to eat most of all. zuo fan: "to cook, literally ”to make food•” This is another verb-general object combination. As with chī fan， the verb alone may be used with more specific objects. chūfang: "kitchen,ff literally ,fkitchen-room.11 xlzaofang: "bathroom11 This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with a toilet. Xīzao, which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means ’’to take a "bathT0~Remember, if you want to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the cesuS,，’toilet;’1 or use the polite Westernized term, xǐshSujian, "washroom.” In rural areas, you would ask where the cěsuo is. In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usually have the toilet in the same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings "built during the 19501 s may have a room with a bathtub in the Apartment. Apartment buildings built since then usually only include a toilet and sink in each apartment, and no bathtub. You should usually lower your voice to ask where the bathroom is. Many people even consider it polite to put one’s hand in front of the mouth when asking Cěsuo zai nali? Another polite way to ask is Wo kěyi yong yixia nimende cěsu5 ma? TTMay 工 use your toilet?” shǔfang: ’’study,’1 literally ""book-room.’， vofāng: lfbedroom,n literally ”sleeping-room. n Wofang and voshi are both used for ’’"bedroom, FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II A Chinese voman (Fl) has "been invited to dinner at the home of an American couple in Taipei. Fl: You! Nimen Jia hěn piaoliang, Oh, your house is lovely, so neat shoushide zhēn gānjing! and clean! F2: Xiěxie ni. WSmen xian dao Thank you. Let fs first go and sit kětīng zuo yixia he dian cha. in the living room a while and and drink some tea. WLF, Unit h Fl: Hao. Fine. F2: Wo xiansheng you shi dao My husband has gone to T丨aichung Taizhong qū le. Jīntiān on business. This evening it vanshang jiu shi women liangge will be just the two of us eating, rěn chī fan. Fl： Na women yiqǐ zuo fan, hao Well then, let1s cook together, bu hao? all right? F2: Bu yong le. Chufang hen xiǎo. There*s no need to. The kitchen is Wo yijīng ba wanfan d5u small. Ifve already prepared yubeihao le. dinner. Fl: 0， zhěige fangzi haoxiang hěn Oh, this house seems to be quite large. da. Nǐmen you Jǐjiān woshi? How many bedrooms do you have? F2: Zhěige fangzi bu tai da. Women This house isn't very large. We you liǎngjian woshi. Zai kě- have two bedrooms. They are to ting youbiān. Kětīng zuǒbian the right of the living room. To you yige shǔfāng. Pingchang the left of the living room women d5u zai shūfang kan there1s a study. We usually dianshi. Wo dai ni kankan, watch television in the study, zenmeyang? Would you like me to show you? Fl: Hen hǎo. Sure. F2: Hao, women dao fanting qu chī Okay, let*s go to the dining room fan ba. and eat. Fl: Haojlie. Great. NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE Wǒ xiānshēng you shi dao TaizhSng qu le: husband has gone to Tfaichung on business. ’ More literally, My husband had some business and went to Taichung. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II An American man (M) is talking with a Chinese women (F) in Běijīng. F: Nǐde jiā zai Meiguo shěnme Where is your home in America? difangr? WLF, Unit b M: Zai Huashěngdun. In Washington. F: N? you fingzi ma? Do you have a house? M: Women y5u yige fangzi. Yes, we do. F: Nǐ lai Běijīng, fangzi zěnme When you came to Beijing, what ban? did you do with the house? M: WSmen ba fangzi zuchuqu le. We rented it out. F: Nīmende fangzi da bu da? Is your house large? M: Bu hěn da, ye bu hěn xiǎo. Itfs not very large and itfs not Louxia you kětīng, fāntīng, very small. Downstairs therefs shūfang, gin chufang. Lou- the living room, the dining room, shang you sǎnjiān voshi the study, and the kitchen • gen liǎngjian xǐzaofang. Upstairs there are three bedrooms and two bathrooms. F: Ou* you zhěme du5 fajigjian. Oh, there are so many rooms. It Gǎo věishēngde shihour hěn must be troublesome when you do mafan ba. the cleaning. M: Bu tai mafan. Haizimen dou Itfs not too troublesome. The da le. Tāmen yě gǎo wěisheng. children are all grovn up. They do the cleaning, too. F: Nǐ xǐhuan bu xihuan ni xianzai Do you like the apartment building zhūde gSngyu? where you're living now? M: Mamahūhū. Zherde gSngyu hai So-so. The apartment buildings kěyi. here arenft too bad. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE hai kěyi: Literally ”still okay,” this phrase actually means ”isn4 too "bad •” PART III REFERENCE LIST 29- Haizi xīngle yihou jiao tāmen After the children wake up, have xǐ lian. them wash their faces. 30. Wanshang shui jiao yīqiān jiao Before they go to sleep at night, tamen shuā ya， xizǎo. have them brush their teeth and take a bath. 31. Xǐle lian gěi tamen he niunai• When theyfve washed their faces, give them some milk to drink. 32. Bǎ hāizi gěi vo, vo baoyibāo• Give the baby to me, I'll hold him. 33. Wang Ryi， haizimen chi fan Auntie Wāng, after they1ve eaten, yxhou děi shui vmjiao. the children have to take a noon- time nap. 3^. Re shui shāohǎo le měiyou? Have you heated up the hot water? 35* Guo mǎlude shihou yao xiǎoxin. Be careful vhen crossing the street. 36. yāgāo toothpaste 37. shushu uncle REFERENCE NOTES FOR PAET III xing: "to wake upf! This is a process verb. It describes the change from sleep or unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: ’fto become awake, to become conscious, to become sober.11 In completed affirmative sentences, you will see the marker le; in negative sentences you will see měi (not bu~ this is not a state vertTT Some of the quirks you faced with a verb like bing (”to get sick,n not "to be sick’’），you also face here* When you are thinking in English of ”He IS NOT awake,” you should think ”He HAS NOT avakenedn in Chinese. Tā xǐngle meiyou? Did he vake up? OR Is he awake yet? Tā hai měi xing. He is not awake yet < jiao: ,fto ask, to order，to tell (someone to do something),f This is a prepositional verb, which means that it and its object precede the verb. Fuqin jiao haizimen hullai. The father told the children to come back - Nǐ jiao ta guolai. Ask him to come over. shui jiao: f,to sleep, to go to bed,f Ta bādiǎn zhSng Jiu shui jiao le. He went to bed at eight o’clock (already)• Nǐ jǐdian zhong shui jiao? What time do you go to bed? Tā měitiān shui bage zhōngtou. He sleeps eight hours a night. Nǐ shuide hao bu hǎo? Did you sleep well? Nǐ shuihaole ma? Did you sleep well? OR Have you finished sleeping? shuā ya: "to brush teeth" Besides brushing teeth, you can shuā yīfu, "brush clothes，” and shua xiě, ”brush (off) shoes. Do not use shua for use for brushing hair，however [see shū tou ’’to comb or brush one*s hair, WLF, Unit 3)• [The noun for a "brush is shuāzi.D niunai: Literally, ”cow-milk，” and used only to refer to cow's milk. The vord nǎi by itself does not specify the kind of milk, bao: ’'to embrace, to hug,f people, or "to hold in one's arms11 a child, package, etc. Lai, baba gěi ni "baobao, Come, papa will hold you. (said to child as he is handed from mother to father) flyl: 11 auntie" This is a term of address used by children for friends of the family, not blood relatives. shui vǔjiao: f,to take an afternoon nap,’’ literally, Hsleep noon-nap.n The vujiao， a nap after lunch， is very popular in China. Many institutions, factories, and schools give time off every day for this purpose. shao: ’’to heat, to cook11 (Another meaning is "to burn.n) Since the verb shao by itself means to put heat to something, a resultative ending is needed when you vant to indicate "boiling” or "heated up.n Wo qu shāo diǎnr shuī. 1*11 go put some water on (the stove). Re shuJ shaohao le. The hot water has been heated up. Shui yījīng shāokāi le. The water is already boiling. mǎlū: ’’paved road. This is the word usually used for paved city streets. Malū is literally ,,horse-road>,f that is, a road on which horses and people can go, A theory has also been advanced that the mǎ is a transliteration of the first syllable of f,macadamff (a road made with layers of rolled broken stones, with a tar or asphalt base). xiǎoxīn: "to "be careful，” literally ”small~heart•” Ē, xiaoxīn diǎnr! Hey, be a little more careful! shushu: ’’uncle” This is a term of affection used "by children for older male friends of the family. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III A Canadian voman (A) is talking to her new maid (C) in Beijing. A: Wang Āyl, haizimen chī fan yihou Auntie Wang, after lunch the child- děi shuā yā, ranhou zai shui ren have to brush their teeth and wǔjiao. Pingchang tamen shui then take their naps. Usually yiliǎngge zhongtou. Xingle they sleep an hour or two. After yǐhou gei tamen xī lian, zai they wake up, wash their faces for dai tāmen chūqu vanrwanr. them, and then take them out to play. C: Hao. Okay. A: Xiavu siwudian zhong gěi tamen At four or five in the afternoon, he niunai. give them some milk to drink. C: Tāmen wanshang yao chī shenme? What will they eat in the evening? A: Wo yijing zuohao le. Dou zai Ifve prepared it already. It!s all zhěr. Wanshang shui jiao here. At night before they go to yiqian Jiao tāmen shuā ya, bed, have them "brush their teeth xǐzǎo. Haizimen yitiān yao and take a bath. The children shuā. sanci ya. are supposed to brush their teeth three times a day. C: Hao. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR FART III In Taipei on a Sunday afternoon, a young mother (Huimīn) and father (Tingsōng) are at home: M: Huimǐn, wo xiang he diǎn cha, Huimīn, I want some tea, do you? ni yao bu yao? F: Yao, danshi re shui měiyou le. Yes, but there’s no more hot water. Wo qu shāo. Ifll go put some on. M: Bu yao, bu yao, wǒ zijl qū. No, no, Ifll go myself. F: Hǎo, wo qu kankan Xiao 成。 Okay, If11 go check if XiSo Bao (the xǐng le měiyou. baby) is up yet. (They both leave the room. Later when Huimǐn (the wife) returns, Tlngsong is sitting on the sofa.) F: Ting,* Xiao Bao xīngle. Nī bao Ting, XiSo Bao is up. You hold him yixia. Wo qu ta niunai for a minute. Ifm going to go nonghao• get his (cow’s) milk ready, M: (To the baby) Lai, rang baba Here, let daddy hold you. baobao. (Huimin comes in with a "bottle and hands it to Tingsōng.) M: Nǐ kan, shui wǔjiao yihou, tā Look, he’s so hungry after his nap. zhen ě•*" F: Shi, tā meici d5u shi zhěiyang. Yes, hefs like this every time. NOTES OK THE DIALOGUE *,,Ting1' is the wife*s affectionate abbreviation of her husband's name, Tingsōng, ••至： "to be hungry Unit h, Vocabulary Syi auntie bāo to hold, to embrace cha tea chi fan to eat chufang kitchen dai to bring, to take with one dai to lead, to take dakai to open fangjiān room fanting dining room funu women gǎo to do, to engage in gǎo wěisheng to do cleaning gōngyu apartment building; apartment gongyulou apartment "building haoxiang to seem (to be), to appear that he to drink -jiān (counter for rooms) jiao to tell/ask (someone to do something) -juan reel (of recording tape); to curl， to roll up kětīng living room kǒudāi pocket lian face (of a person) Iuyīndai recording tape luyīnjī tape recorder mafan to be troublesome, to be a bother; bother, trouble mǎlu street, avenue (paved) měi shi (le) everything is all right (now); there is no (further) business niunai (cov*s) milk pingchang usually, generally， ordinarily shāo to heat; to cook shāohaole to have heated up; to have finished cooking shēnbao to declare, to report shēnbaodān customs declaration (form) shoushi to tidy up shoushi (shoushi) jevelry shua to brush shuā yā to brush oners teeth shūfang study (room) shuǐ water shui jiao to sleep shui wujiao to take a noontime nap shushu uncle wofang bedroom woshi bedroom wuzi room xiangzi suitcase, box xiaoběnzi small notebook xiSoxīn to be careful, to take care xǐng to vake up xizāo to take a bath xīzao fang "bathroom ya tooth, teeth yāgāo toothpaste yanjT'ngCr) glasses (spectacles ) yūbei to prepare yubeihao le to have prepared zhaoxiāngj1 camera zhīpiao check (as in personal check) zhipiaoben checkbook zūchūqu to rent out zuo fan to cook Personal Welfare Module, Unit 5 Minor Physical Complaints PART 工 REFERENCE LIST 1. A: Nǐ nar "bu shǔfu a? Where do you feel bad? B: Wo tou těng, houlong ye you I have a headache and my throat is dianr teng. a little sore. 2. Wo xiang ni garnnāo le. I think you’ve caught a cold. 3. Wo xiang wc bu fāshāo. I don’t think I have a fever. U. Nǐ zui hao chi diǎnr zhěige yao You'd "better take some of this ba. medicine. 5. A: Zuotian wo qu kan daifu le. Yesterday I went to see a doctor, B: Nǐ kan shěnme? What did you want treated? A: Wo kesou, I have a cough. 6. Ni dao neige yTyuān qu kan bing? Which hospital are you going to to see a doctor? 7- Liu Daifu shi nělkē yīshēng Is Dr. Liu a physician or a haishi vaikē ylshěng? surgeon? 8. t'ong to hurt (another pronunciation for těng) 9. āsipilln aspirin REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I těng: nto hurt, to ache1，When talking about body aches and pains, you use a topic-comment pattern• For example ”1 have a headache，” in Chinese is literally "As for me, the head hurts”： Wo t6u těng. As for me, head hurts• ganmao: "to catch a cold; a cold11 This may be used either as a verb or as a noun. [To say ffto have a bad cold,” use ganmao hen lihai， lihai meaning "severe,] Wǒ gǎnmāo le. Ifve caught a cold. Nide ganmao hao yidian le ma? Is your cold a little better now? fāshāo: "to have a fever/1 literally, ”develop-fever，’ This may be used as a state or a process: STATE Wo fāshāo• I have a fever• Wo bu fāshāo. I don’t have a fever. Wo you dian fāshāo. Ifm a little feverish. PROCESS Wo fāshāo le. I have a fever (more literally, "I have developed a fever”）. Wo měi fāshāo. I don’t have a fever (more literally, ,fI haven11 developed a fever"), Wǒ fāshāo yǐhou jiu bu xiang After the fever came on，工 didn’t chī dōngxi le. feel like eating anything. chi dian zhěige yao: "take some of this medecine,” literally, ”eat medicineis the way to say,，’to take medicine/’ Of course, for liquid medicines you could also say he, ”to drink," but one still usually says chi, kan daifu: nto see a doctor,，Also kan yishēng. Wo děi qū kan daifu. I have to go see a doctor. Nǐ kan shěnme?: In another context，this could mean ,?What are you looking at?^~Here, however, kan is used in the sense of nto have (a medical complaint) treated” or "diagnosed” by a doctor. Nǐ qu kan ganmao le ma? Did you go have that cold of yours treated? Wode houlong bū tai shūfu, děi My throat doesnft feel too well; qu kankan. I'll have to go get it treated. Zhěige bing děi dao da yīyuan For this illness you have to go qu kan. to a large hospital to get it treated. kesou: "to cough” něikē: (1) ’’department of internal medicine，，(of a hospital), or (2) ”internal medicine” (as a field). Nei means ”internal” and kē means either (1) ’’department，section" or (2厂"branch (of a study), yishěn^: ”doctor,” literally, nheal-er.t! In Běijīng, daifu is the more conversational vord and yishēng the more formal. In Taiwan, hovever, daifu is not used much. něike yishēn^: ”physician” vaikē: (1) "department of surgery" (of a hospital), or (2) nsurgery,,T (the branch of medicine). waikē yishēng: "surgeon” tong: ’’to hurt, to ache, another pronunciation for těng. āslpilin: ’’aspirin” Also pronounced āsipǐlin, asipīling^ āsip.Llin^. ■ FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET I A man from Shanghai (A) is visiting his classmate (B) in Běijīng. A: Nǐ shuS Tltou tong?f haishi ”t6u Do you say t6u tong (”to have a těng"? headache") or t6u teng? B: Beijing rěn dou shuo TTtou těng," People from Beijing all say tou wo xiǎng "tong” shi nǐmen těng. I think tong is vhat is Shanghai rěn shuode. Zenme? said by you people from Shanghai. xianzai tou těng a? Why? Do you have a headache now? A: Ng， wo you dianr tou těng. A little. B: Shi ma? Nǐ hāi you nar bu Do you? Where else do you feel shūfu? bad? A: Houlong ye you dianr těng, hěn My throat hurts a little， too. ī xiang chī diǎnr lěngde dong- really feel like having something xi. Wǒ yiding shi ganmao le. cold to eat. I must have caught a cold. B: Fā shāo ma? Do you have a fever? A: Dagai bu fā shāo, wǒ měi juěde Probably not, I don1t feel hot re. (OR haven*t felt hot). B: Jīntiān xiāvu women bu qū This afternoon let’s not go to the gongyuānr le, nǐ zai jiā park. You rest a little at home, xiūxi xiuxi ba. Wǒ xianzai Right now I*11 go buy you some qu gěi ni mai dianr yao, medicine, and tomorrow I111 take mingtiān zai dai ni qu kan you to see the doctor• daifu. A: Hao "ba! Okay! SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I In Beijing, a parent drops in on a neighbor to talk about his daughterfs illness: A: Nī zhao vo you shěnme shir a? Are you looking for me for something in particular? B: Xiao Hua gǎmnāole, kěsoule yige XiSo Hua caught a cold and has been xīngqi le, jīntiān fāshāo fade coughing for a week. Today she hen gāo， houlong ye hěn těng. has a very high temperature and her throat hurts a lot. A: Nǐ dai ta qu kānguo le ma? Have you taken her to have it treated? B: Kānguo le. Tā chile hen duo Yes. Shefs taken a lot of medicine, yao, kěshi hāi měiyou hao, but she still hasn1t gotten better. A: Na wo qu zhao wo yige zai Beijing Then 1#11 go look up a friend of mine Yīyuan gōngzuode pěngyou, tā who works at the Běijīng Hospital, shi waikē yxshēng. He's a surgeon. B: Wāikē yīshēng! Xiao Hua kěsou, A surgeon! XiSo Hua is (just) fāshāo, zenme qu kan waikē? coughing and has a fever. Why go to see the surgery department? A: Ou, wode yisi shi qǐng wode Oh,工 mean 1*11 ask that friend to něige pěngyou gěi Xiǎo Hua zai make Xiao Hua an appointment in něike yūyue yige shijiān. Tā the department of internal medi- ycu hen duo nēikede pěngyou. cine. He has a lot of friends in the department of internal medecine. B： Kǎo, na jiu tai mafan nin le. All right, then I111 trouble you to do that. (OR Ifm putting you to too much trouble.) A: Zhěi měiyou shenme. Jīntiān This is nothing. Today have Xiao Huā rang Xiao Hua duo xiuxi xiuxi. get a lot of rest. Tomorrow I can Dagai mingtiān jiu kěyi qǐng probably ask a doctor to treat it daifu gěi ta kan le. for her. NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE rang: ”to let, to allov, to have (someone do something)ff This is a prepositional verb which you will see more of in Unit 6, …du5 xiuxi xiuxi: ”rest a lot” The adjectival verb f,to be many, to be much, to be a lot" is used here as an adverb modifying the verb f,to rest’、 xiūxi> As an adverb, du5 may mean ”a lot，” "more,” or "too much，” depending on the context. In du5 xiuxi xiuxi it obviously means ’’a lot” or "more.1， Yǐhou, wo yao du5 xiang nin From now on, I shall learn from xuěxx. you more. Duo shuo yě bu hao, shǎo shu5 It isnft good to say too much, nor ye bu hǎo. is it good to say too little. Lifa yxhou xiǎng chui yixia "běi If you want to have your back pounded shi bu shi yao duo gěi qian? after a haircut， do you have to pay- extra? Some students get into the bad habit of always translating du5 as ’’more/’ Remember that the adverb duo can also mean either na lot" or "too much. Thus, if someone invites you to dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you Du5 chi yidianr! Since you haven11 yet touched the food this sentence cannot mean, "Have some more"; it simply means nEat amply•” We might say in English，”Have as much as you like," or 1,Help yourself.” Here are some more examples showing du5 does not always mean "more•” Zhěizhong pingguo zěnme pianyi These apples are this inexpensive? a? Na women jiu duo mai In that case, letfs get a whole dianr ba! bunch of them! Duo laile yige rěn. One person too many came. Tā duo gěile shikuai qian. He gave ten dollars too much. Du5 mai jǐbenr. Buy a fev extra volumes • Contrast Du5 laile yige rěn, "One person too many came，" vith You lUile yige rěn, ’’One more person came. PART II REFERENCE LIST 10. A: Wo dūzi hěn bu shūfu. My belly [lover abdomen] feels bad. B: Ni xiě du ma? Do you have diarrhea? 11. W5 tou yūn，xiang tu. dizzy and nauseous• 12. A: N? tlvēn shi duōshao? What’s your temperature? B: Sānshibadu. Thirty-eight degrees. 13. WS you věibing. I have stomach trouble, ill. WS ySu diǎnr dabiān ~bu tong. I'm a little constipated. 15. Qing ni tang zai zhěr. Please lie down here. 16. Qlng ni ba shangyi tu5 le. Please undress down to the waist. (Please take off your upper clothing.) 17. Āiyou! Ouch! 18. Qlng ni gěi wo kai ge yaofāng. Please vrite a prescription for me. 19- Wo tāitai shēng bing shēngde My wife is seriously ill. hen lihai• 20. lā duzi to have diarrhea 21. xiǎobiān to urinate; urination REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II duzi: ""belly, lower aMomen’1 This has often been translated as ”stomach，” but actually when sqrrieone 芑ays Wo dūzi ten呙 or Wo duzi bu shufu, they are most often referring to lower abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to translate it as "stomach，” in the looser sense of "belly,n for example: Něige rěnde duzi hěn da. That man has a big stomach/'belly. Wo dūzi ě le. hungry. (Literally, ?fMy stomach is hungry.") A colloquial expression for ”to be pregnant’’ is dūzi da le， literally, the abdomen has become Mg," or da duzi le. xiě dū: ”to have diarrhea*' There are several expressions for "diarrhea” in Chinese; xiě du is a good choice to use when talking to your doctor, since it is neither too informal not too technical. (See also la duzi, below.) yūn: ’’to be dizzy" Often used after tou, "head”： tou yun. Pronounced with the Falling tone, yun, this word is used in the expressions yun chē, "to be carsick/trainsick,” yun chuan, "to be seasick,” and yun fēijī， to be airsick. Wo kan shū kande tou d5u yūn I've been reading so much that le! 1*131 dizzy! (In this sentence, d5u doesn’t mean "all，” but ”even, to such an extent that.” This type of dou is always used vith le_ at the end of the sentence,) tū: ’’to vomit” Xiang tu，literally ’’to feel like vomiting，” means ’’to feel nauseous, tivēn: "body temperature" Only used for the temperature of a body. 匸The general vord for "temperature" is wēndu, which is presented in Part 3 of this unit.D [Tivenbiao is a medical thermometer,J -du: "degree" This noun does not take a counter. věibing: "stomach trouble; gastric disease,” literally, "stomach illness, dabian bu t5ng: "to be constipated” Dabiān (literally ’’major-convenience) raeans"~TTtTliavē^L™tovel movement?t or ?,feces (Xiǎo'biān^ "minor-convenience，" means "to urinate” or "urine.") Bu t5ng means doesn't go through, is blocked up. ” tang: ffto lie, to recline” Notice that the zai phrase goes after the vert tang in the sentence Qing ni tang zai zhěr. This is because the zai phrase shows the result of the verb tang: you end up being here (zai zher) as a result of the action of lying (tang)• TSngxia or t5ng xialai means ftto lie down. In some of the following sentences, notice that tang corresponds to "be in bed.n Tā ganmao le, tangle yitiān. He got a cold and stayed in bed for a day (OR and has been in bed all day today). Tā xihuan tangzhe kan shū. He likes to read lying down. Yījīng bādiǎn zhSngle, nī hāi It eight o^clock already, and tangzhe ne.f you1 re still in bed! Tangxialai xiūxi yihuir ba. Lie down and rest for a while, shāngyī: "upper garmentsn [Also sometimes means ”coat.,f] tuo: nto take offn (clothes, shoes) This is the opposite of chuān’ "to put on.11 Kuāi ba dayī tu5xialai. Come on and take off your coat. * Tā zhěng tuozhe yīfu, jinlai Right when he was taking off yige rěn. his clothes, someone came in. Qing ni tuōle xiě zai j xnqu. Please remove your shoes before going in,* •This is said "by the host to a guest vhen he arrives. You might have thought that the use of the word kuai, usually translated as ’’hurry up and . . .11 sounds impatient and impolite. Actually, it is the exact opposite. Here, kuai indicates the host’s concern that the guest, although wanting to take his coat off, would be too polite to do so immediately. **In Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during dry weather.) kai: You have seen kai meaning *’to open.” Here it means ’’to write out” a prescription, list, receipt, check, etc. sheng bing: "to get sick’， Shēng means literally, tfto develop, to happen•”Ta shēng bing le means virtually the same thing as Tā bing le. Jinnian chūntian shēng bingde Lots of people are getting sick rěn hěn duo. this spring. Ta shēng bing shingle liangge He has been sick for two weeks xīngqī le, hai měi hao. nov and hasn’t recovered yet. Ni hai shēngzhe bing ne， zěnme You’re still sick; how can you keyi chūqu?I go out?! Tā shēngde shi shěnme bing? What illness is it that he has? lā dūzi: "to have diarrhea/1 a more colloquial, but not at all improper, vord for xiě du. Tā lā duzi lade hen lihai. He has a bad case of diarrhea. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II A man in Taipei calls a doctor^ office to ask what he should do for his wife!s illness. A: Wěi. Hello. 8: Wěi, qingwěn Zhang Yīshēng Hello, is Dr, Zhǎng there, please? zSi bu zai? A: Zhang Yīshēng xiānzāi zāi Dr. Zhang is seeing patients now, kan bing. Qingwěn nī ySu What can I do for you? shi ma? B: W5 tāitai shēng bing le, "bingde My wife is very sick. Yesterday she h?n lihai. Ta cong zuotiān began to be dizzy and to run a kāishi t6u yūn, fāshāo. Zu6tiān fever. Yesterday she stayed in bed tSngle yitian, jīntiān zSoshāng all day, but this morning she still hai fSshSo，d^zi yě hen "bū had a fever, and she has abdominal shūfu, hāi tu. painsy and shefs even vomiting. A: Ta xiě du ma? Does she have diarrhea? B: Xiele jlci. She's had it a few times. A: Tade tlwēn shi duoshǎo? Whatfs her temperature? B: N, sanshibādu via. Uh, 38.5 degrees. A: Ni gei tS chī shěnme yao le ma? Have you given her any medicines? B: Tā bu něng chī yao, meici chile She can11 take medicines, every time dSngxi jiu tu. she takes any food or drink she vomits • A: Nā nī mas hang bǎ ta song dao zhěli In that case bring her here right lai. away. B: HSo. WSmen mSshāng jiti iSi. All right. We111 be there right avay. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II In Běijīng, a young man (A) visits a clinic. N: Ērbǎiwǔshihao! Two hundred fifty! A: Shi w5. That1 s me, N: Q3!ng jin. Please come in. D: Ni zěnme bū shūfu a? What's the matter with you? A: WS tou yun, xiang tū, zǎoshang Ifm dizzy, nauseaous, and since this wS kaishl dūzi teng. morning my "stomach11 has been upset. D: ōu. Xiě duzi ma? Oh, Any diarrhea? A: B\i xil, h£i ySu diSnr dabian bu No, I'm even a bit constipated, tong, D: Ńg? Qing nin "b5 shangyī tuōle, Oh? Undress down to the waist, tang zai zhěr, v5 tīngting. please, lie down here, and Ifll Zher těng ma? have a listen. Does it hurt here? A: Bu těng. No. D: Zhěr ne? Hov about here? A: Aiyou! Zhěr hěn těng. Ouch! It hurts there! D: N5l congqian ySu věibing ba? Have you ever had stomach trouble before? A: XiSode shfhou you, keshi hěn duo When I was a child I did, but I nian měiyou těngguo le. Zu6- haven!t had any pain for many tiān vSnshang y5u kaishl bū years. Last night it began to feel shūfu le. Yěli shui jiāo ye "bad again. During the night I shuide bu h5o, xingle hSo Jīci. slept very poorly, too. I woke up several times. D: H5o, wS gěi ni kai ge yāofāng. All right. Ifll write you a pre- Chīle yao, xiūxi xiuxi, yaoshi scription. After you take the bň hSo, xiage xfngqi zai lSi medicine, get some rest, and k&nkan. if it doesn’t get better, come and see me again next veek. A: H5o, xiěxie ni! Okay, thank you. PART III REFERENCE LIST 22. A: Nǐ liangguo tǐvēn Have you taken your temperature? le meiyou? B: Liangguo le, vēndu bu Yes. My temperature isn^ high, gǎo, sānshiqīdu du5 a little over 3了 degrees. yidiSn, 23. Ni yao du5 xiūxi xiuxi, duo he You need to rest a lot and drink kaishuJ. a lot of (boiled) water. 2h. WS gěi ni liāng yfxiā xuěya, Ifm going to take your blood pressure. 25. W5 xuěya gāo. I have high blood pressure. 26. Ni xiang bu xiSng zhao Do you want to see an acupuncturist? ahēnjiǔ daifu gei ni k&nkan? 2T. litixingxing gSnmao influenza, flu 28, kāi dao to operate; to be operated on 29* di to be low REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III liang: ”to measure” You first saw this verb in the context of taking measurements for clothing. Here you see it used for taking temperatures. It can also be used for measuring a piece of land or the dimensions of a room, t^vēn and věnd^: Both of these are translated as ,,temperaturen in the sentences above, "but they should be distinguished. Tlvēn is literally nbody temperature" and thus is used when talking about taking human temperatures. Wēndu is literally ”temperature degree,’ and is generally used in measuring heat or cold. Nǐ wūzilide wēndū shi duoshSo? What1s the temperature in your room? [There is another word given, literally "air temperature,11 used, for example, used in weather reports.1 yēndu bu gao: "the temperature is not highM Normal body temperature (98•6m F) is 37^Celsius. Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit. kāi shui: ’’boiled water" This is water that has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often kāishu? is served as a hot beverage, however. The Chinese commonly believe that ice cold beverages are not good. xuěya: ""blood pressureliterally "blood pressure.1* Xuěya gāo is "high blood pressure,’’ and xuěyā di is ’’low blood pressure.11 zhēnjiū: "acupuncture and moxibustion” Also pronounced zhēn,1iu. Acupuncture is a practice of traditional (but not necessarily orthodox) Chinese medicine where parts of the body are pierced with needles to treat disease or relieve pain. This is "based on the idea that the body1s energy (qi) forms an integral system vhich must be maintained for good health. This is done by applying pressure or releasing pressure to restore the balance of £1^. Moxibustion (traditionally more important than acupuncture) involves the smoldering of herbs on certain body points. In some cases the herbs are placed directly on the skin and lit with a stick of incense; at other times 9 a slice of ginger is first placed on the skin and the herbs burned on top. Nǐ xiǎng ~bu xiSng zhSo zhēn jiu daifu gěi ni kankan?: This has been translated on the Reference List as Do you want to see an acupuncturist?” which is the conversational English equivalent. A translation more revealing of the structure of the question might be: ftDo you want to look for an acupuncture doctor to give you treatment?” liuxingxing gǎnmāo: ’’influenza, flu，” literally "epidemic cold.’’ Liuxing: the verb lfto "be prevalent, to be popular, to be common." -Xing means "quality, characteristic,,f and when used as a suffix corresponds to lf-esque,f in "picturesque，’，or "-like1’ in nchildlike•” Liuxingxinfz： is then "having the characteristic of being prevalent,ft specifically epidemic/1 kai dāo: "to operate; to be operated on,，，literally nto open or operate the knife." DIALOGUE FOR PART III In Beijing a worker pays a return visit to a health clinic. D: Chile wS gěi nide yao, hao Are you a little better after having yidianr le ma? taken the medicine I gave you? A: Haishi t6u těng, h6ulong těng, I still have a headache, and Ifm not shui jiao shuide hěn bū sleeping well at all. I often hǎo, yěli changchang xǐng. wake up at night. D: WS kankan nide houlong. Let me have a look at your throat. A: S. Ahhh• D: Nide houlong hěn hong. Qing ba Your throat is very red. Please shangyī tuSle- Kesou yishēng. take off your upper clothes. Cough. Hao. Nǐ xiān liāngliang txwēn, Okay. First I111 take your temper- ranhou wo zai gěi nǐ liang ature, and then I'll take your xuěyā. • . . Wēndu bu gāo, blood pressure. • • • Your temper- sānshiqi du. Nǐ congqian you ature isnft high, 3了 degrees. Have xuěyā gao ma? you had high blood pressure before? A: Měiyou. No. D: Jīntiān nǐde xueyā you diSnr gāo, Your blood pressure is a little high dagai shi zuotiān yěli shuide today, Tt1s probably that you bu hao. didn’t sleep well last night, A: Yīshēng, yige lǐbai le, zěnme Doctor, itfs been a week. How come hāi měi hao? I’m still not better? D: Liuxingxing ganmao hěn bu Influenza is really not easy to get rongyi hǎo. Wo gěi nǐ kāi ge rid of. 1*11 write you a prescrip- yaofāng, zai chī dianr āslpīlln. tion, and you take some more aspir— Nǐ hai yao duo he diSnr kāishuī, in. Also, drink a lot of (boiled) duo xiūxi xiuxi. water, and get a lot of rest. A: Hao, xiěxie ni. Okay, thank you. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE *kěsou yishēng: Literally, 11 cough one sound.n -Sheng is the counter for utterances * Unit 5， Vocabulary āiyou ouch; oh dear āsīpīlin aspirin chī to take (medicine) dabian bowel movement daliian bīi tong to be constipated daifu doctor di to be low -dū degree (e.g., on a thermometer) duzi belly, abdomen, stomach fāshāo to have a fever ganmao to catch cold; a cold houlong (houlong) throat kāi dao to operate; to be operated on kāi yaofāng to write a prescription kāishuī boiled water kan bing to have an illness treated/diagnosed kan daifu to see a doctor kěsou to cough lā duzi to have diarrhea liang to measure liang tǐwēn to take a person1s temperature lihai to be severe, to "be fierce liuxingxing ganmao influenza, flu něike internal medicine, general medicine; department of internal medicine něike yīshēng internist, physician shangyī upper garment sheng to develop (as in shēng bing) shēng bīng to get sick, to become ill tang to lie, to recline těng (tong) to hurt, to ache tiwēn (body) temperature tou head tou těne to have a headache; headache tū to vomit tuo to take off (clothing) wāikē surgical department wāikē yīshēng surgeon věi stomach věibing stomach trouble, gastric disease wēndu temperature xiang tu to feel nauseous xiaobian to urinate; urination xiě du(zi) to have diarrhea xuěyā blood pressure xuěyā dT low blood pressure xuěyā gao high blood pressure, hypertension yao medicine yaofāng(r) prescription yīshēng doctor yiyuān hospital yun to be dizzy zhēnjiū (zhēnjiǔ) acupuncture and moxibustion Personal Welfare Module， Unit 6 Accidents and Difficulties PART I REFERENCE LIST 1. Zǎogao! Zěnme ban? Wode hūzhāo Oh, no! What am I going to do? diǔ le. I1ve lost my passport. 2. Wo xiang nǐ děi dao jīngchat1u I think you should go to the police qu zhao j^ngcha tanyitan. station and find a policeman to talk it over vith. 3. Jǐngchaju ySu fanyi ma? Are there interpreters at the police station? b. l,Waishin jiu shi vaiguo rěnde ^Wāishi” means matters having to do shiqing. with foreigners• 5- WS ba jiashǐ zhlzhao diū le. I've lost my driver's license. 6. Jīntiān zǎoshang wS cai faxian 工 didn’t discover Ifd lost it until diū le. this morning. 了. WS xiwang něng kuāi yidianr I hope I can get a new one quickly, ling yige xīnde. 8. Yaolpuran bū něng kāi chē，bū Otherwise it vill be inconvenient fāngbian. not being able to drive. 9. Ni qū zhao xiang. Go and have your picture taken. 10. G5ng'ānju Bureau of Public Security 11. waishi jingchā foreign affairs policeman REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I zaogāo: "too bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess,n literally, ,’rotten-cake.’’ This is used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often equivalent to "Oh no!，,： Zāogāo! Wǒ wangle dai fěijT- Oh, no! I forgot to bring the piao le! plane tickets! As an adjectival verb, zāogāo means "to "be in a mess, to be in a bad state,，， as in: Narde qlngxing hěn zāogāo. The situation there is a mess. Zhěiben shū xiěde zhēn zāogāo. This book is terribly written. Tā hěn zāogāo. He1s in a very bad way. Yaoshi zhěige bingrěn lāide zai If this patient had come any later wan yidianr jiu zāogāo le. than he did, he would have been in a real mess (in "big trouble). diū: "to lose” You can analyze the sentence Wode huzhao diu le this vay: Wode huzhao__diū le,_ As for my passport， I (it has been) lost. In some areas of China (including Taivan) you would hear the word diao instead of diū: Wode huzhao diao le. fānyi: "to translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter，， Also pronounced fānyi (with a neutral-tone yi)• shiqing: "matter, affair, business, thing." Shiqing refers to abstract things, while dSngxi refers to concrete things - jiāshǐ zhizhao: "driver’s license” Jiashi is "to drive (a vehicle) Zhizhao is a "license， permit•” faxian: ’’to discover, to find, to find out" Wo zai zhěr fāxianle yige I’ve discovered a problem here, věnti. Zhěi shi gang fāxiānde yizhSng This is a nev kind of medicine xīnde yao. which has just been discovered. The object of faxian may also be a clause: Wo huilaile yǐhou jiu faxian When I came back I discovered that tā yījīng zou le‘ he had already left. The expression Wo faxian , . . can often be translated as f,I notice that • . .’’or ’’I find that • ~~7* 厂 It often prefaces a personal observation, as in: Wǒ faxian hen duo Meiguo rěn I find that many Americans feel juěde you hāizi hěn mafan. that itfs a lot of trouble to have children. WS fāxiān ni hen xihuan xīnde I notice (or, lfI get the impression1') dōngxi. that you like new things very much. As a noun, faxian means "discovery’1: Zhěi shi yige hěn zhongyaode This is a very important discovery, faxian. cai: "then and only then，not until” This adverb should be used when an event happens relatively late: f’not until this morning.” Cai is the opposite of Jiu, the word for，’then” when something happens sooner or earlier. When a sentence using cai describes a completed action, the verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice that faxian in sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example: Tā zuotiān cai gaosu vo. He didn1t tell me until yesterday. kuai yidianr: "a little more quickly,M or as in No. 了， "soon.” Kuai yidianr gives the impression of "being even sooner than zǎo yidianr. Both mean ”soon•" ling: "to receive, to get，to pick up, to collect11 something that is issued or given (a prize, salary， materials, passport, etc.) yaoburan: "otherwise/’ literally ,?if-not-thus.M Like keshi ,’but" and danshi "~but，howeveryaoburān always comes at the front of the clause in which it occurs. Vo dei mashang zou, yāoburān I have to go right away, otherwise wǒ jiū wan le. I'll be late. Wǒ dei zuo fēijī qu, yāoburān 工 have to take a plane, otherwise jiu tai man le. it’ll be too slow. zhao xiang: ”to take a picture,11 literally, "illuminate-iniage.” You already learned zhāoxiangji> "camera，M in WLF Unit h, Part I. The counter for xiang "pictures is -zhān^ (the same one as for tables, sheets of paper and other flat things)• Zhao jǐzhāng xiang thus means "to take a few pictures.'' (When NOT using the word xiang as the object of zhao, however, you should use zhaopian or xiangpian for "photograph,) Like many verb-object expressions, zhao xiang has the potential ajntii-guity of meaning either ”to (verb) an (object),r or "to have an (object) (verb)-edM: "to take a picture” or "to have onefs picture taken. You saw this with several verb-object expressions in Unit 3: jiǎn toufa to cut hair to have onefs hair cut xǐ tou to give a shampoo to get a shampoo guā huzi to shave to have a shave cā plxiě to shine shoes to have onefs shoes shined tang toufa to give a permanent to get a permanent juan toufa to curl hair to have one’s hair curled zhao xiang to take a picture to have one Ts picture taken For example, in the case of zhao xiang, a photographer might say Wo qu zhao xiāng» ”1 am going to take pictures”； but a person going to a photographer 's studio might say the same sentence, Wo qū zhao xiang, meaning ”1 am going to have my picture taken." The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes any misunderstandings in practice• The context almost always makes it perfectly clear which meaning is intended. With these verb-object expressions, if you vant to specify the person on vhom the action is performed, you have to use a gěi phrase (you can't make the person the direct object because the verb already has a direct object). For example, to say ”工’m going to take a picture of you,u say:. Wǒ gei nǐ zhao xiang. Likewise: Tā taitai gěi ta jian toufa. His wife cuts his hair. *Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a short exchange illustrating how zhao xiang might be misunderstood and how the misunderstanding might be cleared up, (For this example you need to know zhaopian, ’’photograph，’’ and zhāoxian^Ruǎn，’’photography studio,) A: Wǒ jīntiān zhao xiang qu le. Today 工 vent to take pictures/ to have my picture taken. B: Zhao shěnme? Zhao fēngjing What did you take pictures of? ma? Did you take pictures of scenery? A: Bū shi a. Yinvěi wo yao No. I'm going to get a passport ling huzhao, děi you and need photographs, so I went zhaopian, suoyi wǒ qū to a photo studio and had them zhaoxiangguǎn qǐng tamen take my picture, gei vo zhao xiang. Here "A" meant by his first sentence ’’Today I went to have my picture taken, but ”B” understood him to mean "Today I vent to take pictures,” wai^hT .ITdkcIkI : "rorcign affairs policemcn/1 l-ho：īe who (Iom.I wl l.li 1'ore i Kii n.*it i on；il • 1U八U、(;UK KOH PAKT I A foreign ofl'icial in Běijīng talks with a Chinese colleague. M: Ni Jintian zěnme lai zěnme wan? JIow come you are so late today? F: Zhēn zāogāo! It1s Just awful! M: Zěnine le? VThat happened? V: Wǒ ba jiashi zhizhao diū le. Ifvn lost my driver’s license. I Wo shi z\xo chūzǔ qichē laide. had to come by taxi . M： 7,ai nǎr diūd1 a? Where did you lose it? F: Wo bu zhīdao. Jīntiān zǎoshang I don*t know. I didn’t discover wS cai faxian diū le. Wo Ifd lost it until this morning, zěnme ban? Yao dao jingchājū What am I to do? Should I go qu ma? to the police station? M: Wǒ wěnyiwěn Gong1anjū zěnme gei I'll ask the Bureau of Public Security ni ling yipe xīnde. how to get you a nev one. F: Wǒ xiwang něng kuai yidianr. I hope it vill be soon. Otherwise Yaoburan bu něng kāi che it will be' inconvenient not being bu fāngbian. able to drive. M: Na ni xiān qu zhao xiang. Wo Well, then, you go and get your gěi ni wěnwen zěnme ban. picture taken, 1*11 ask for you what you should do. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE Zai nSr diǔd^?: "Where did you lose it?” d'a is a contraction of de and a^. The whole sentence vould be Ni shi zai nar diǔde a? PART II REFERENCE LIST 12. Ai! Shěi lai banRban^ mang! Hey! Will someone please come help! 13- Tā bei qichē zhuang le. He was hit by a car, 1^. Tā mōtuSchē qide tai kuāi le. He was driving his motorcycle too fast. 15. WSde tux těngsǐ le! My leg is hurting me to death! 16. Nǐ liu xue le ma? Are you bleeding? 17. WSmen xiān ba tā tai dao lū- Letfs first carry him to the side biānrshang qu ba. of the road. 18. Wǒde tuǐ don^buliǎo, dāgāi I can1t move my leg， the bone is gūtou duan le. probably broken. 19. Qǐng ni mashang gěi yīyuan Please call the hospital da dianhua. immediately. 20. Biě zhǎojl. Donft get upset. 21. Wo zai zhěr kānzhe ta. IT11 stay here and look after him. 22. -liang (counter for vehicles) 23. jiūhuchē anfbulance REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II shěi: ,’someone，’ The question word shěi f,whoM can also be used to mean 1 someone.M běi: This is the prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action, similar to the English "by11 in passive sentences. In sentences with běj. it is the subject (tā in sentence 12) vhich received the action and the object of běi (qichē in sentence 12) which did the action. Wode zidian běi xuěsheng My dictionary was taken by a nazou le. student• Běi has a special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the sentence: W5de xīn qichē běi zhuāng le. Viy new car was hit. WSde yǔsan běi nāzǒu le. Ity umbrella vas taken. qi: "to ride/drive by straddling" While zuo is the verb "to ride1’ generally - and specifically when sitting down, £1_ is the verb ’’to ride” used with horses, motorcycles and bicycles. těngsǐ le: "to hurt a lot,1’ literally ”to hurt to death (figuratively speakingT^ liū xue: ,fto "bleed,” literally "to flow blood11 Xuě is also pronounced xiě and xuě. tai: ,?to lift or carry (by two or more persons)’’ Qing b5 zhěige zhu5zi tai- Please carry this table in (with me jinlai. or someone else). Qlng "ba zhěi liSngjian da xfngli Please carry (with me or someone else) taishang chē qu. these two large suitcases onto the train. Ba dianshi taixiā l6u lai. Bring the television downstairs with me* dong: nto move (either oneself or something else)” Biě dong! Don1t move. Xiān bu yao dong ta. Letfs not move him just yet. (Dong can also mean ’’to touch，’ something, so Biě dong can also mean nDonft touch it.”） dongbuliǎo: "unable to move” The endings -deliǎo ’’able” and -*buliao ”unable are used with action verbs to show the result of the action. Zěnme duo xlngli, w5 yige rěn I canH carry all this luggage by nabuliao. myself• Tā kāi dāo bu jiu, hāi zSu- It hasnft been long since the buliSo lū. operation. She's not yet able to walk. Xia zhěme da yǔ. Xianzai It’s raining so hard. We canft zSubuliSo• leave now. mashang: nimmediately, right avay,” literally "on a horse" da dianhua: nto make a phone call,” literally flto hit electric-speedi. To indicate vho you are calling, use the prepositional verb g?i "for, to.” NS gei shěi dS diānhuā? Who are you calling? Lao Wang you gei ni da diSn- Lao Wang called you again, hua le. The noun dianhua by itself can mean either ,ftelephonefl or ,ftelephone call, Nǐ hai měiyou dianhua ma? Are you still without a phone? You nide dianhua. There1s a call for you. Sometimes you can use dianhua where English would have ”telephone number11: Nide dianhua shi duSshao ? zhao.1i: "to get up&et, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious” Nǐ tāi zhaoji. Women zhěr You’re too anxious/vorried. We měiyou shěnme went!. donH have any problems here, kan: ”to look after (something)" The verb kan Mto look, to see11 changes tones when it means ,?to look after something.11 Nǐ qu Xiānggangde shihou, shěi Who111 be looking after your house gěi ni kan fangzi? when you go to Hong Kong? Shěi gei ni kān hdizi? Who looks after the children (OR babysits) for you? -zhe: This is the marker of DURATION. It may "be added to an action or process verb to indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time. In the sentence Wo zai zhěr kanzhe ta "I’ll stay here and look after him,n the speaker is saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time. -Zhe can be used whether the time is past, present or future. Tā zai něibiān zuozhe, Xiao She was sitting there when XiSo Lan paojinlai gāosu ta Lan ran in and told her papa baba hullai le. had returned. Tā hai bingzhe ne. Hefs still sick. (The -zhe tells you that the illness is lasting for some time. Without -zhe， bing means ,fget sick,11 not nbe sick. Ne tells you this is not a new situation [absence of change].) Zuozhe ba. Sit for a while. DIALOGUE FOR PART 工I A passerby (B) on a street in Běijīng is called by the driver of a motorcycle (A) who has just had an accident vith a pedestrian (C). A: Wěi, lai "bāngbang mang! Hey, someone quick come help us! B: Zěnme le? What happened? A: Zhěiwěi tongzhi běi wo zhuāng le. This comrade was hit by me. B: Běi nī zhuāng le? Zhěiliang Hit by you? Is this your motor- motuochē shi nǐde? cycle? A: Hāi, biě shuo le. Wo qide tai (Sigh) Don’t even talk about it. kuai, měi kānjian ta. I was riding too fast, I didn't see him. C: Aiyo, wode ma yo . • • Aiyo! Ov，my mother° • • • Ov! It hurts Těngsǐ wo le. • • • Wode tuǐ like crazy. ... my leg . • • B: Liule zhěme duo xuě, zhēn He1s lost so much blood. This is zaogǎo! Xianzai zěnme ban ne? terrible. What should ve do now? Women xiān "bǎ ta tai dao lu- First, let1 s carry him to the side biānrshang qu ba! of the road, C: Ao, wode tui dongbuliǎo, dāgāi Oh, I can't move my leg. It’s gutou duan le. probably broken. A: Wǒ xiǎng zuīhao xiān bū yao I think it vould be best not to dong ta, w5 zai zhěr, nǐ qu move him for the time being. 1*11 da dianhua jiao liang jiuhūche stay here. You call for an ambu- lai， zai da ge dianhua jiao lance, and then call for the police Jlngcha lāi. to come. He’s not calling for his mother; this is a moan. B: Hao, nī zai zhěr kānzhe ta. Wo Okay， you stay here and watch him. mashang jiu qu. (to C): I'll go right avay. (to C): Donft Něivei tongzhi ni biě zhao j x • get upset, comrade. The anibulance Dāle dianhua jiūhuchē mashing will be here right after I call, jiu dāo. A: Nin • . . nin kuāi qu ba! Xiěxie You . • . you go quickly! Thank you. nin le! PART III REFERENCE LIST 2h. Ni měi kānj ian zhěige paizi Didn't you see this sign? ma? 25. Wo měi zhuyi. I wasn't paying attention. 26. Yǐhou ni yao xiaoxīn. From now on you must be careful. 27. Ntmen bū kěyi zai zhěli You can't swim here. youyong. 28. Nimen zai zhěli youyong you It's dangerous for you to swim věixian. here. 29. Wǒ bu shi guyi jinlaide. I didn't enter here 「the restricted area」 on purpone. 30. Rang vo kankan nide huzhao. Let me see your passport. 31 # Zhěli shi t]ūnshi diqū. This is a military area here. 32, Zhanzhu! Halt! REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III paizi: "sign, poster, plate," also a "brand name， trademark" Ni maide shi shěnme paizide V/hat brand of camera did you buy? zhāoxiangji? Něige hong pāizishang xiede What iz written on that red shi shěnme? sign? zhuyi : Mto pay attention to, to take notice ofī? Wo měi zhuyi tā shi gēr* shěi I didn’t notice who he le ft with, zoude. Zhuyi dianr! F^lease pay a more attention! bu kěyi: "cannot" Of the three auxiliary verbs nen^，hui and keyi. kěyi is the one to use when the "can” or "cannot" is due to someone granting or withholding permission. youySng: ”to svim” Ni hui bu hui youyong? Can you swim? Wo yoxaySng youde bū tāi hao. I don't swim too veil. věixian: "to be dangerous, to be perilousM Also pronounced weixiǎn. Zai Taiběi qi mStuoche tāi Itfs too dangerous to ride a motorcyle weixiǎn le. in Taipei. Tā bu pā věixian, tā shěnme dou Hefs not afraid of danger. Hef11 yao zuo. do anything. guyi: "intentionally, willfully, on purpose" Tā guyi ba něixie shū diū le. She lost those books on purpose. Duībuqǐ, wo bu shi guyx (zuo)de. I'm sorry, ī didn1t do it on purpose. rang: "to let，to allow, to cause (someone to do something) Z1 This is a prepositional verb, i.e. rang and its object both precede the main verb. Tā bū rang wo zou. She won’t let me leave. Nǐ zěnme kěyi rang tā zěnme Hov could you make her so unhappy! bu gāoxing? FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PAET III A Canadian man (M) has just entered an area in Běijīng prohibited to foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A policewoman (F) calls out to him. F: Hai! Zhanzhu! Hey! Halt! M: Shěnme shīr? What1s the matter? F: Nǐ měi kānjian zhěige paizi ma? Didn1t you see this sign? M: Ou, duibuqǐ. Wo měi zhuyi. Oh, excuse me. I wasn't paying Wo bu shi guyi jinlaide. attention. I didnft enter here intentionally. F: Ni shi naiguo rěn na? What•s your nationality? M: Wo shi Jiānada rěn. Vm Canadian. F: Rang wo kankan nide huzhao. Let me see your passport. M: Mm. Mm. (The policewoman writes down his name and passport number.) F: Yihou zhuyi dianr. Biě zai From now on pay more attention. zoucuo le. Don't walk into the wrong place again. M: Wo zhi dao le. Now I know. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE zhīdao le: ’’now I know,” or ”1 understand” This is the marker le for new situations. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III An American woman and her two children are swimming along the beach in Taiwan. A soldier calls to them. M: 6i! Shānglai! Nimen shanglai. Hey! Come up! Come up here. F: You shěnme shi a? What's the matter? M: Nimen bū kěyi zai zhěli You can’t swim here, youyong. F: Weishěnme? Why? M: Nǐ měi kāndao něige paizi ma? Didn't you see that sign? F: Kandao le, buguo • . . Yes, "but . . • M: Paizi shang shu5 shěnme? What does it say on the sign? F: Duituqi, wS bū hui kan Ifm sorry, I can't read Chinese. Shōngwěn. M: Zhěli shi jūnshi diqǔ. Bu kěyi This is a military area here. You yoooySng. Nimen zai zhěli can't swim. It1 s dangerous for yoiayǒng you weixiǎn. Xiaci you to swim here. In the future bu yao zai lai le. you shouldn't come here any more. F: Hao. Xiěxie ni. Very well. Thank you. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE xiaci bū yao zai lai le: nin the future don,七 come here again (any moreM In addition to meaning ,，next time,” xiaci can mean generally "in the future.” Unit 6， Vocabulary bang mSng to help, to aid, to assist běi by (indicates the one vho carries out the action in a passive sentence) -buliao unable to ••• (verb ending) dS dianhua to make a phone call, to telephone dianhua telephone, telephone call diqū area， region diū to lose dong to move dongbuliǎo unable to move duan to sever, to break fānyi to interpret, to translate faxian to discover Gong1anju Bureau of Public Security (PRC) gūtou bone guyi intentionally, willfully, on purpose jiashi driver, pilot; to drive, to pilot jiashi zhlzhao driver's license jJngcha policeman jǐngchajū police station Jiuhūche ambulance jūnshi military kan to look after, to watch over -liang (counter for vehicles) līng to collect, to pick up (something which is issued) liti xuě (xiě, xuě) to bleed lubiān(r) side of the road mashang immediately mStuōchē (mStuochē) motorcycle paizi sign, poster, plate; "brand name, trade mark ql to ride by straddling rang to let, to allov, to cause someone to do something shěi someone shiqing matter, affair, business, thing -sǐle like crazy, to death (state verb ending) tai to carry (by two or more people) těngsi le to hurt like crazy, to hurt to death (figuratively) tuǐ leg wāishx foreign affairs wāiguo foreign country věixian (weixiǎn) to be dangerous, to be perilous, danger yāoburān otherwise, or else y6uyǒng to swim zāogāo oh no! how awful! how terrible! what a mess!; to be awful zhāoji to get upset, to be anxious, to be worried zhao xiang to take a picture -zhe marker of duration for actions and states zhuāng to bump into, to run into, to collide vith zhuyi (zhuyi) to pay attention, to take notice Appendix 1: Parts of the Body* abdomen fu(bū) ankle jiaowanzi appendix lānwěi arm ge"bei, gebo, shSubi back běi blood xiě, xuě, xuě blood vessel xuěguǎn(r) bone gutou, gutou brain nSo(zi) breast rufang， nai， rǔ buttocks pigǔ cheek mianjia, sai chest xiSngbu， xiSngtang chin xiaba ear ěrduo elbov gēbeizhSu(r) eye yanjing eyeball yanzhūzi (colloquial), yanqiu eyebrow měimao face lian finger shouzhitou, shǒuzhitou fingernail zhijia, zhijia foot jiao gums ySchuang hand shSu head tou heart xīnzang heel Jiaogēn intestines changzi joint guānjiě kidney shěn(zang) knee qīgai, xīgai leg tuǐ lip zuǐchun liver gānzang lung fěi WLF, Appendices mouth zui, kSu muscle jxrou neck bozi nerve shěnjing nose bfzi rib lěigu, lěgǔ shoulder jiānbǎng skin pifu spine j£lianggǔ stomach wěi; duzi (belly) tendon jian，J īn (colloquial) thigh datuī throat houlong thumb mǔzhl toe jiaozhitou, JiSozhJ tongue shětou tonsils biantāoxiān tooth ya, yachJ wrist wānzi *Parts of the body may have several t^rms which differ as to (1) what areas of China they are used in, (2) the degree of formality, and (3) the contexts in which they are used. Here are examples of each kind of difference: (1) "arm” is gēbei in the speech of Běijīng» ~but shSubi in some other parts of the country; (2) ’’armpitis gēzhivo in colloquial Běijīng speech but yěv5 in formal speech; (3) for "stomach/, the medical term is věi; colloquially, it may "be called věi or dūzi; and as a food (e.g. pig's stomach) it is called duzi. For this list, words were chosen which you could, for example, use to tell a physician where you have a medical problem. Words vhich are either very informal or technical have "been omitted. It is interesting and important to realize that the Chinese and English languages sometiines differ on how they divide the human "body into parts. The hip, for example, is a well-known ’’part of the body" in English, but the Chinese language has no commonly used word which includes all and only what we call the f,hip.fl Rather, Chinese has a word for ,’buttocks’’ (formally, tunbu, or in spoken style, pigu) which includes the "buttocks and hips below the hipbone. Another example are the Chinese vords xiōngkou and xīnkSu, which refer to the center of the chest just below the breastbone, between the lower ribs• (One often feels indigestion there， for instance.) If English has a word for this part of the body, it is not nearly as common as these rVii s . Appendix 2: Medical Conditionsa Problems, and Illnesses abcess n6ngzhǒng allergic to... dui•.•guomin allergy guomǐnzhěng appendicitis lanwěiyān arthritis guanjiěyan asthma qichuanbing cholera huoluan cold ganmao， shāngfěng, zhaoliāng cramp choujīn diabetes tāngniāobing flu lilixfngxing ganmao, liugan food poisoning shfvu zhongdu fungus měi hemorrhoids zhichuāng hepatit i s ganyan hernia shan indigestion xiāohuā bū liang inflamed fāyān inflammation yanzhěng measles mazhen nervous tension shěnjing jǐnzhāng pneumonia fěiyan rheumatism fēngshi stroke zhongfěng sunburn shāi tuo pi le (skin peeling) shāihong le (red) Jiao taiyang shāide sunstroke zhongshǔ tonsillitis biSntaoxiānyān ulcer (gastric) věikuiyang Appendix 3： Furniture and Household Items bīngxiang refrigerator chāzuo (electrical) outlet chōushuǐ matǒng flush toilet chouti drawer chuāng bed chuanglian curtain děng .light, lamp děngzi stool diandeng kāiguān light switch dianhua telephone dianlūzi electric stove; electric heater dianshan electric fan ' ditan carpet， rug guīzi cabinet hōnggānjī dryer jingzi mirror lājx; lěsě (Taiwan) garbage lājītǒng; lěsětSng (Taiwan) garbage pail lājīxiang; lěsexiāng (Taivan) garbage can lěngqijī air conditioner lūzi stove saozhou, saobǎ broom shafā sofa shuichizi kitchen sink shullongtou faucet， tap shǔjiazi bookshelf tuoba mop xīchěnqi vacuum cleaner xiězitai desk xilianpěn (bathroom) sink, washstand xǐyījī washing machine xǐzaopěn bathtub yǐzi chair yundou iron zhuozi table zizhilou wastepaner basket Appendix k: Parts of a House ■bichū closet cěsuo toilet cěng floor, story chuānghu window chufang kitchen di floor dibǎn wooden floor dixiashi basement fangdǐng room fāngjiān room fanting dining room kětīng living room louti stairs men door qiang wall shūfang study， library tiānhuǎban ceiling wěishengjiān toilet, bathroom wofang bedroom voshī bedroom wuzi room xǐzǎofang bathroom zoulāng corridor, hall Module Vocabulary Ayi auntie WLF h āiyo ouch WLF 5 anmo massage WLF 3 āsīpǐlln aspirin WLF 5 bang mang to help, to aid, to assist WLF 6 bao to be thin; to be light (of clothing) WLF 2 bāo to hold, to embrace WLF k běi by (indicates the one who carries out the action in a passive sentence) WLF 6 -buliao (verb ending) unable to... WLF 6 bu yao don't WLF 3 cā to rub, to wipe WLF 3 cha tea WLF h chāng to be long WLF 2 chang often WLF 1 chāngchang often WLF 1 chaoshī to be humid WLF 1 chěng city, tovn WLF 1 chěnshān shirt, blouse WLF 2 chī to take (medicine) WLF 5 chī fan to eat WLF k chicun (chǐcun) measurement; size WLF 2 chuan to put on (clothing) WLF 2 chufang kitchen WLF U chui běi to pound (someonef s) back WLF 3 chuīgān to blow-dry WLF 3 chuntiān (chūntian) spring WLF 1 dabiān bowel movement WLF 5 dabian bu tong to be constipated WLF 5 da dianhua to make a phone call, to telephone WLF 6 dai to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves, a hat, a watch, jewelry， etc) WLF 2 dai to bring, to take with one WLF h dai to lead, to take WLF k daifu doctor WLF 5 dakai to open WLF k dayī overcoat WLF 2 di to be low WLF 5 dianhua telephone, telephone call WLF 6 -dǐng (counter for hats) WLF 2 diqū area, region WLF 6 diu to lose WLF 6 dong to moire WLF 6 dongbuliǎo unable to move WLF 6 dōngtian (dSngtian) winter WFL 1 -du degree WLF 5 duǎn to "be short WLF 1 duāji to sever, to break WLF 6 duzi belly, abdomen WLF 5 fāngj ian room WLF k fāntīng dining room WLF h fānyi to interpret, to translate WLF 6 fashao to have a* fever WLF 5 fāxiān to discover WLF 6 fēn one tenth of a Chinese inch (cun) WLF 3 feng wind WLF 1 fengjIng scenery WLF 1 fujln (fǔjin) area, neighborhood WLF 1 funu women WLF k ftxzhuangdiān clothing store WLF 2 gānbufū cadre suit WLF 2 gānjing to be clean WLF 3 gSnmao to catch cold; a cold WLF 5 gSo to do, to engage in WLF U g5o wěisheng to do cleaning WLF U Gong1anjū Bureau of Public Security (PRC) WLF 6 gongyu apartment building; apartment WLF h gongyulou apartment building WLF k gou to be enough WLF 2 guā to blow (of wind，typhoons, etc,) WLF 1 guā to scrape WLF 3 guā huzi to shave (the face) WLF 3 gūtou (gutou) bone WLF 6 guyi intentionally, willfully, on purpose WLF 1 hSibian(r) seashore WLF 1 han and (Taiwan pronunciation) WLF 2 haoxiang to seem (to be), to appear that WLF U he to drink WLF k he river WLF 1 he and WLF 2 hěshi to fit; to be suitable WLF 2 hou to be think; to be heavy (of clothing) WLF 2 houlong (houlong) throat WLF 5 hu lake WLF 1 huai to be bad; to go bad, to break WLF 2 huanjing environment WLF 1 huzi beard OR mustache WLF 3 jiSkě(r)/jiHkě(r) jacket (cut above waist) WLF 2 jiǎn to cut (with scissors) WLF 3 (counter for articles of clothing) WLF 2 Jia。 to ask/tell (someone to do something) WLF k WLF， Cumulative Vocabulary Jiashx driver，pi lot; to drive，to pilot WLF C iashT zhi/.hao driver’s 1 iconic WTF C jTn^cha policeman WLF 6 jin^chajd police station WLF C Jiuhuche ambulance WLF C JuSn to curl，to roll up; a roll (of r>omethinrJ , Wǐ.F 3 a reel (of tape) Juede to feel WLF 1 Jūnshi military WLF C kāi dāo to operate; to be operated on WLF > kaishl to begin, to start WLF 1 kāi yāofānr： to write a prescription WLF 5 kaishuT boiled water WLF 5 kān to look after, to watch over WLF 6 kan to have (a medical problem) treated WLF ^ kan bin^ to see a doctor; to see a patient WLF 5 kěsou to coup;h WLF > kětīng living room WLF U kongqi (kongqi) air WLF 1 kongqi vūran air pollution WLF 1 koudai pocket WLF h kuzi (yitiao) pants WLF 2 lā duzi to have diarrhea WLF 5 leng to be cold WLF 1 lian face WLF it liang to measure WLF 2t WLF 5 -liang (counter for vehicles) WLF 6 liǎngbiān both sides, two sides WLF 3 liangkuai to be cool WLF 1 liann tiwēn to take a person1 s temperature V/LF > liaozi material, fabric V/LF 2 lihai to severe, to be fierce WLF 5 likai to leave WLF 1 ling to collect, to pick up (something vhich is issued) WLF 6 liu to remain, to stay; to keep, to save; to grow, to let grow; to leave WLF 3 liu huzi to grow a beard or mustache WLF 3 liuxingxing ganmao influenza, flu WLF 5 liu xuě (xiě, xuě) to bleed WLF 6 lubiān(r) side of the road WLF 6 Iuyīndai recording tape WLF h luyīnjI tape recorder WLF ^ mafan trouble, bother WLF U mǎlu street， avenue WLF U maoyī sweater WLF 2 maozi (yiding) hat WLF 2 mashang immediately WLF C měi shi (le) everything is all right (now); there1s no (further) business WLF h WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary 、 měi věnti there1 s no problem WLF 3 miān'ao (Chinese-style) cotton-padded jacket WLF 2 motuōche (mStuōchē) motorcycle WLF 6 na then, in that case WLF 2 něikē internal medicine, general medicine; department of internal medicine WLF 5 něikē yīshēng internist, physician WLF 5 něiku underpants WLF 2 něiyī underwear (undershirts， undershorts， briefs， slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (vhen used in contrast to něikū, underpants) WLF 2 nilong nylon WLF 2 niunai (cow's) milk WLF U nong (long, něng) to do, to handle, to manage, to make WLF 3 nong gānjing to clean something up WLF 3 nuanhuo to be warm WLF 1 paizi sign, poster, plate; brand name, trade mark WLF 6 pingchang usually, generally, ordinarily WLF 4 pixie leather shoes WLF 2 po to be worn out; to break, to tear WLF 2 qi to ride "by straddling WLF 6 qihou (qihou) climate WLF 1 qin to be clear WLF 1 qīngjing to be quiet WLF 1 qipao close-fitting woman1s dress vith high neck and slit skirt; cheongsam WLF 2 qiūtiān (qiǔtian) f»ll, autumn WLF 1 qu to go WLF 2 qunzi skirt WLF 2 rang to let, to allow, to cause something to do something WLF 6 re to be hot WLF 1 rěnkSu population WLF 1 sēnlin forest WLF 1 shān mountain WLF 1 shangyī upper outer garment WLF 5 shāo to heat, to cook; to burn WLF k shao to be few; seldom WLF 1 shāohao le to have heated up; to have finished WLF k cooking shěi someone WLF 6 shēng bing to get sick, to become ill WLF 5 shēnbāo to declare, to report WLF k shenbaodān customs declaration WLF h shěnmeyāng like what; what kind WLF 2 shēnshang on one1s body WLF 2 shi to try WLF 3 WLF，Cumulative Vocabulary shi (yi) shi to give (something) a try WLF 3 shiqing matter, affair, business, thing WLF 6 shoushi to tidy up WLF k shSushi Jewelry WLF U shuā to brush WLF h -shuāng pair WLF 2 shuā ya to brush one's teeth WLF h shūbāo book bag, tote bag, carryall WLF 2 shūfang library WLF b shūfu to be comfortable WLF 3 shu? water WLF h shui jiao to sleep WLF h shui wujiao to take a noontime nap WLF k shuiyī (yitao) pajamas; nightgown WLF 2 shushu uncle WLF h shǔ tou to brush or comb hair WLF 3 tai to carry (by two or more people) WLF 6 taifēng typhoon WLF 1 tang to lie, to recline WLF 5 tang to get a permanent WLF 3 -tao (counter for suits, sets of things) WLF 2 těng (tong) to hurt， to ache WLF 5 těngs? le to hurt like crazy, to hurt to death (figuratively) WLF 6 tiān sky; heaven; day WLF 1 tiānqi (tiānqi) weather WLF 1 -tiao (counter for pairs of pants) WLF 2 tingshuo to hear that, to hear it said; I hear that, I understand that WLF 1 tīwen (body) temperature WLF 5 tou head; head of hair WLF 2、 WLF 5 toufa hair WLF 3 tou těng to have a headache; headache WLF 5 tu to vomit, to spit up WLF 5 tu? leg WLF 6 tuoxiě slippers WLF 2 vaiguo foreign country WLF 6 vaikē surgical department WLF 5 vaikē yīshēng surgeon WLF 5 vaishī foreign affairs WLF 6 vaishi Jingcha foreign affairs policeman WLF 6 vāitao coat, jacket (that extends below the waist) WLF 2 vang to forget WLF 2 vazi socks WLF 2 věi stomach WLF 5 věibing stomach trouble, gastric disease WLF 5 wěixiSn (věixian) to be dangerous, to be perilous; danger WLF 6 vēndu temperature WLF 5 věnti question, problem WLF 3 vofang bedroom WLF h WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary woshi bedroom WLF )丨 wūrǎn pollution WLF 1 wūr.i room WLF ^ xǐ to wash WLF 3 xiang to miss, to think of WLF 1 xiāngxia (xiāngxia) in the country, the countryside WLF 1 xiangzi suitcase WLF h xiaoběnzi notebook WLF h xiaobian to urinate; urination WLF 5 xiaoxīn to be careful WLF k xiātian (xiatian) summer WLF 1 xia xuě to snow WLF 1 xia yu to rain WLF 1 xiě shoe WLF ? xiě duzi to have diarrhea WLF 5 xǐnc to wake up WLF h xīnxiān (xīnxian) to be fresh WLF 1 xǐ tou to shampoo, to get a shampoo WLF 3 xi zǎo to take a bath WLF 厶 xizǎofang bathroom WLF h xīzhuāng Western-style clothes; Western-style suit WLF 2 xuěyā blood pressure WLF 5 xuěyā di low "blood pressure WLF 5 xuěyā gāo high "blood pressure WLF 5 xūyao to need, to require WLF 2 ya tooth, teeth WLF h yāgāo toothpaste WLF h yangzi appearance; shape， form; style, design; pattern WLF 2 yanjing(r) glasses (spectacles) WLF h yao should; must; it is necessary, to need to WLF 2 yao medicine WLF 5 yāoburān otherwise, or else WLF 6 yaofāng prescription WLF 5 yiding certainly, surely, for sure, definitely WLF 3 yīfu clothes WLF 2 yīshēng doctor WLF 5 yīyuan hospital WLF 5 yong to use WLF 2 you oil, grease WLF 3 you(de) shihou sometixnes WLF 1 you shi to "be occupied, to be busy WLF 3 you (yi)dian a little bit， somewhat WLF 3 y6uy5ng to svim WLF 6 yubei to prepare, to get ready WLF h yubeihao le to have prepared WLF h yūn to be dizzy WLF 5 yuxiě rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes WLF 2 yuyi raincoat WLF 2 yuyuě to make an appointment (PRC) WLF 3 WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary zāogāo oh no! how awful! hov terrible! what a mess!; to \>e awful WLF 6 zhao according to WLF 2 zhaoJī to get upset, to be anxkous, to be worried WLF 6 zhao xiang to take a photograph WLF 6 zhaoxiāngjī camera WLF U -zhe (marker of duration for actions and states) WLF 6 zhenjiū (zhēnjiǔ) acupuncture and moxibustion WLF 5 zhīpiao check (as in personal check) WLF k zhxpiaoběn checkbook WLF h -zhong kind, sort WLF 2 zhuāng to bump into, to run into, to collide with WLF 6 zhuyi (zhuyi) to pay attention to WLF 5 zijǐ self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.) WLF 2 zuchuqu to rent out WLF U zui most, -est WLF 1 zuo to make; to have made WLF 2 zuo fan to cook WLF k zuo toufa to do one1s hair, to have onefs hair done WLF 3 zuSyou approximately, about WLF 1