[1] MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION The Transportation Module (TRN) will provide you with the skills needed to use taxis, trains, buses, and planes in China. Before starting this module, you must take and pass the DIR Criterion Test. The TRN Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, but material from CRN, BIO, MON, DIR, and associated resource modules is also included. OBJECTIVES Upon successful completion of this module, the student should be able to 1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the TRN Target Lists. 2. Say any Chinese sentence in the TRN Target Lists when cued with its English equivalent. 3. Use the bus system: find out which buses go to a specific destination, at what times they leave, how often they run, where to buy tickets, where to change buses (if necessary), when the last bus of the day leaves, and where his stop is. 4. Take a taxi: hail one, tell the driver where to go, and use commands such as “hurry,” “slow down,” and “stop here.” 5. Use the train system: find out which trains go to a specific destination, at what times they leave, when and where to buy tickets, whether or not tickets are available for a train leaving on a specific date at a specific time, the distance to the destination, the duration of the train trip to that place, which platform the train leaves from, what to do with luggage, and whether or not the train has a dining car. 6. Take a plane: reserve a ticket for a certain date and time; find out whether or not the flight is direct, the duration of the flight, and traveling time to the airport; and arrange for transportation to the airport. 7. Describe in detail a trip (taken in the past or planned for the future): places visited (which places and what they are like), traveling companions, transportation for the trip, length of stay, number of previous trips to the same places. [4] UNIT 1 TARGET LIST 1. Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jǐlù chē? 到西門町去，坐幾路車？ What bus do you take to get to Ximénding? Zuò Shíbālù. 坐十八路。 Take Number 18. 2. Shíbālù chē duō bu duo? 十八路車多不多？ Are there many Number 18 buses? Bù hěn duō. 不很多。 Not very many. 3. Měi gé jǐfēn zhōng yǒu yìbān chē? 每隔幾分鐘有一班車？ How often is there a bus? 4. Wǒ měige Xīngqīliù dōu qù kàn diànyǐng. 我每個星期六都去看電影。 I go to see a movie every Saturday. 5. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? 最後一班車是幾點鐘？ What time is the last bus? 6. Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Xīméndīng? 這班車是不是去西門町？ Does this bus go to Xīméndīng? Shì. Shàng chē ba! 是。上車吧！ Yes. Get on! 7. Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou, qǐng gàosong wǒ. 到西門町的時候，請告誦我。 When we get to Xīméndīng, please tell me. 8. Wǒ shì bu shi zài zhèli xià chē? 我是不是在這裏下車？ Is it here that I get off? Bú shi. Xià yízhàn. 不是。下一站。 No. The next stop. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 9. shàng- 上 last, previous (something) 10. tóu- 頭 first (something) 11. gàosu 告訴 to tell, to inform (alternate pronunciation for gàosong) 12. shǎo 少 to be few 13. xià chē 下車 to get off the bus; “Out, please!” 14. yǒu(de) shíhou 有(的)時候 sometimes 15. chéng 城 city [5] UNIT 2 TARGET LIST 1. Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到展覽館有沒有直達車？ Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall? Měiyou. Zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē. 沒有。坐一路車，坐到西單換車。 No. Take the Number 1 bus; take it to Xīdān and change buses. 2. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? 咱們在哪兒買票？ Where do we buy tickets? Zài chēshang mǎi piào. 在車上買票。 We buy tickets on the bus. 3. Hǎo, xiànzài zǒu ba! 好，現在走吧。 Okay, let’s go now! 4. Èi! Zánmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba? 誒！咱們不是坐過站了吧？ Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop? Hái méi ne. Xià yízhàn cái xià chē. 還沒呢。下一站才下車。 Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop. 5. Láojià, Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? 勞駕，十五路汽車站在哪兒？ Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop? Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang. 就在那個路口兒上。 It’s (just) on that corner. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 6. gōnggòng qìchē 公共汽車 public bus (local) 7. -li 裏 in (locational ending) 8. -shang 上 on 9. shàng ban 上班 to start work, to go to work 10. xià bān 下班 to get off from work, to leave work [6] UNIT 3 TARGET LIST 1. Wǒ yào zuò jìchéngchē dào huǒchēzhàn qu. 我要計程車到火車站去。 I want to take a taxi to the train station. 2. Wǒ zhǐ yǒu zhè liǎngjiàn xíngli. 我只有這兩件行李。 I have only these two suitcases. Hǎo, wǒ ba xíngli fàng zai qiánbǐan. 好，我把行李放在前邊。 Okay, I’ll put the suitcases in front. 3. Nǐ kāide tài kuài le! 你開得太快了！ You are driving too fast! 4. Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài. 他開車，開得不快。 He doesn’t drive fast. 5. Wǒmen yǒu shíjiān, láidejí. 我們有時間，來得及。 We have time. We can make it in time. 6. Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi. 請慢一點開。 Please drive a little slower. 7. Bié kāi nàme kuāi! 別開那麽快！ Don’t drive so fast! 8. Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínháng tíng yíxià. 請你在前邊那個銀行聼一下。 Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment. 9. Bú yòng zhǎo le. 不用找了。 Keep the change. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 10. chūzū qìchē 出租汽車 taxi (PRC) 11. láibují 來不及 can’t make it in time 12. qìchē 汽車 car, motor vehicle 13. zhème 這麽 so, to this extent, in this way 14. zènme 怎麽 so, to this extent, in this way [7] UNIT 4 TARGET LIST 1. Wǒ xiǎng qù Táinán wán jitiān. 我想去臺南玩幾天。 I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days. 2. Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne? 你説是坐火車去好呢，還是坐公路局去好呢？ Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus? Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo. Dào Táinán qù zuò Gōnglùjú bú dǎ fāngbian. 坐火車去好。到臺南去坐公路局不大方便。 It’s better to go by train. To go to Tainan, it’s not very convenient to take the bus. 3. Zuò huǒchē děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 坐火車得先買票嗎？ If I take the train, is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time? Nǐ zuìhǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqián qù mǎi piào. 你最好兩三天以前去買票。 It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time. Zuò Gōnglùjú ne? 坐公路局呢？ And if I take the bus? Bú bì xiān mǎi piào. 不必先買票。 It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time. 4. Nǐ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? 你要坐什麽時候的車？ What train do you want to take? Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē. 我要坐上午的車。 I want to take a morning train. 5. Duìbuqǐ, shàngwǔde piào dōu màiwán le. 對不起，上午的票都賣完了。 I’m sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 6. chuán 船 boat, ship 7. dìtiě 地鐵 subway (abbreviation for dìxià tiědào) 8. dìxià huǒchē 地下火車 underground train, subway 9. wán (wǎnr) 玩(兒) to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself 10. -wán 完 to be finished (occurs in compound verbs of result) [8] UNIT 5 TARGET LIST 1. Wǒ xiǎng dào Nánjīng qù kànkan. 我想到南京去看看。 I would like to go to Nánjīng to look around. Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù? 你計劃哪天去？ What day do you plan to go? Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kéyi. 明天或是後天去都可以。 Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible. 2. Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu duó yuǎn? 上海離南京有多遠。 How far is Shanghai from Nánjīng? Yǒu liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōnglǐ. 有兩百五十多公里。 It’s over 250 kilometers. 3. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou? 坐火車要走多少時候。 How long does it take to go by train? Yào zǒu sìge bàn xiǎoshí. 要走四個半小時。 It takes four and a half hours. 4. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐqiǎn méi qùguo. 這是我第一次到南京去。以前沒去過。 This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. I haven’t gone there before. 5. Bànge xiǎoshí gòu le. 半個小時夠了。 Half an hour is enough. 6. Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. 我希望下午離開這兒。 I hope to leave here in the afternoon. Shísāndiǎn líng wǔfēn yǒu yítàng tèkuài. 十三點零五分有一趟特快。 There’s an express at 1305. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 7. dǎsuan 打算 to plan to 8. huòzhě (huòzhe) 或者 or (alternate form of huòshi) 9. yǐhòu 以後 afterwards, later on, in the future 10. zhōngtóu 鐘頭 hour (alternate word for xiǎoshí) [9] UNIT 6 TARGET LIST 1. Huǒchē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 火車幾點鐘開？ What time does the train leave? Shíbādiǎn wǔshiwǔfēn fā chē. 十八點五十五分發車。 It departs at 1855. 2. Qǐng nǐ bǎ nǐde hùzhào hé lǚxíngzhèng gěi wo. 請你把你的護照和旅行證給我。 Please give me your passport and travel permit. 3. Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 到上海取得車在第幾站臺？ On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi? 4. Bú yòng jí. Hái zǎo ne. Nǐ xiān zài zhèige jiēdàishì xiūxi xiuxi. 不用急。還早呢。你先在這個接待室休息休息。 No need to be anxious. It’s still early. First, rest a bit in this waiting room. 5. Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli zěnme bàn? Shì bu shi kéyi náshang chē qu? 我這件行李怎麽辦？是不是可以拿上車去。 What should I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the train? Kéyi bǎ xíngli náshang chē qu. 可以把行李拿上車去。 You may take the suitcase onto the train. 6. Zhèibān chē yǒu cānchē ba? 這班車有餐車吧？ This train has a dining car, I suppose? Yǒu. Yǒu Zhōngcān, yě yǒu Xīcān. 有。有中餐，也有西餐。 Yes. There’s Chinese food and there’s also Western food. Hǎojíle. 好極了。 Great. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 7. bān 搬 to move 8. náshangqu 拿上去 to take up náshanglai 拿上來 to bring up náxiaqu 拿下去 to take down náxialai 拿下來 to bring down 9. pǎo 跑 to run 10. wǎn 晚 to be late 11. yuètái 月臺 train platform (alternate word for zhàntái, more common in Taiwan) [10] UNIT 7 TARGET LIST 1. Lǎo Sòng, zěnmeyàng? Máng ne? 老宋，怎麽樣？忙呢？ Song, how are things going? Are you busy? Bù zěnme máng. 不怎麽忙。 Not especially busy. 2. Qǐng ni gěi wo dìng yìzhāng fēijī piào. 請你給我訂一張飛機票。 Please reserve a plane ticket for me. 3. Piào dìnghǎo le. 票訂好了。 The ticket has been reserved. Něibān fēijī? Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi? 哪班飛機？幾點鐘起飛？ Which flight? What time does it take off? 4. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guǎngzhōuma? 這班飛機直飛廣州嗎？ Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu? 5. Cóng Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiān? 從三里屯到飛機場要多少時間？ How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport? 6. Rúguǒ wǒ bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, láidejí ba? 如果我八點鐘離開家，來得及吧？ If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right? 7. Qǐng ni pài ge chē lái jiē wo, sòng wo dào fēijīchǎng qu. 請你派個車來接我，送我到飛機場去。 Please send a car to pick me up and take me to the airport. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P~1 tapes) 8. -hǎo le 好了 to be satisfactorily completed 9. lǚguǎn 旅館 hotel 10. shuōhǎo le 説好了 to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on 11. xiǎnghǎo le 想好了 to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out 12. yàoshi 要是 if (alternate word for rúguǒ) 13. zuòhǎo le 做好了 to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished [11] UNIT 8 TARGET LIST 1. Hǎo jiǔ méi jiàn, nín chū mén le ba? 好久沒見，您出門了吧？ I haven’t seen you in a long time. You have been away, I suppose? 2. Nín wèishénme gāng huílai yòu qù le ne? 您為什麽剛回來又去了呢？ Why did you go again when you had just come back from there? Wǒ zhèicì dào Guǎngzhōu qù shi yīnwei wǒ yǒu yige hěn hǎode péngyou cóng Xiānggǎng lái. 我這次到廣州去是因爲我有一個很好的朋友從香港來。 This time I went to Guǎngzhōu because I had a very good friend coming there from Hong Kong. 3. Wǒmen yǒu yìnián méi jiàn le. 我們有一年沒見了。 We had not seen each other for a year. Tā qǐng wo péi ta yìqǐ qù lǚxíng. 她請我陪她一起去旅行。 She asked me to accompany her (in her) travels. 4. Sānge yuè yǐqián tā hái bù zhīdào néng bu néng lái. 三個月以前她還不知道能不能來。 Three months ago she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come or not. 5. Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? 你們都去過什麽地方？ What places did you go to? 6. Hángzhōu gēn Sūzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang. 杭州跟蘇州真是漂亮。 Hángzhōu and Sūzhōu are really beautiful. 7. Yǒu jīhui wǒ yào zài qù yícì. 有機會我要再去一次。 If I have the chance, I would like to go again. 8. Zhèixiē dìfang nǐ dōu qùguo le ba? 這些地方你都去過了吧？ You have gone to all those places, I suppose? Méi dōu qùguo. 沒都去過。 I haven’t been to all of them. 9. huí guó 回國 to return to one’s native country 10. huí jiā 回家 to come/go home 11. huíqu 回去 to go back ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 12. rènao 熱鬧 to be lively/bustling/noisy 13. yǒu yìsi 有意思 to be interesting 14. méi(yǒu) yìsi 沒(有)意思 to be uninteresting 15. suǒyǐ (suóyi) 所以 therefore, so [12] UNIT 1 REFERENCE LIST 1. A: Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jǐlù chē? 到西門町去，坐幾路車？ What bus do you take to get to Xīméndīng? B: Zuò Shíbālù. 坐十八路。 Take Number 18. 2. A: Shíbālù chē duō bu duo? 十八路車多不多？ Are there many Number 18 buses? B: Bù hěn duō. 不很多。 Not very many. 3. A: Měi gé duōshao shíhou yǒu yìbān chē? 每隔多少時候有一班車。 How much time is there between buses? B: Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng yǒu yìbān. 每隔二十分鐘有一班。 There’s one every twenty minutes. 4. C: Wǒ měige Xīngqīliù dōu qù kàn diànyǐng. 我每個星期六都去看電影。 I go to see a movie every Saturday. 5. A: Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 最後一班車是幾點鐘？ What time is the last bus? B: Shíyīdiǎn shífēn. 十一點十分。 Eleven-ten. 6. D: Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Xīméndīng? 這班車是不是去西門町？ Does this bus go to Xīméndīng? E: Shì. Shàng chē ba! 是。上車吧！ Yes, Get on! 7. A: Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou, qǐng gàosong wǒ. 到西門町的時候，請告誦我。 When we get to Xīméndīng, please tell me. F: Hǎo. 好。 Okay. 8. A: Hái yǒu jǐzhàn dào Xīméndīng? 還有幾站到西門町？ How many more stops are there to (before) Xīméndīng? F: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīměndīng. 下一站就是西門町。 The next stop is Xīméndīng. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 9. shàng- 上 last, previous (something) 10. tóu- 頭 first (something) [13] 11. gàosu 告訴 to tell, to inform (alternate pronunciation for gàosong) 12. shǎo 少 to be few 13. xià chē 下車 to get off the bus; “Out, please!” 14. yǒu(de) shíhou 有(的)時候 sometimes 15. chéng 城 city [14] VOCABULARY -bān 班 (counter for regularly scheduled trips of buses, planes, subways, trains, etc.) chē 車 vehicle, bus, car chéng 城 city duō 多 to be many -fēn 分 a minute gàosong 告誦 to tell, to inform gàosu 告訴 to tell, to inform gé 隔 to separate, to divide off jǐlù chē 幾路車 what number bus měi- 每 every, each shàng 上 to get on shàng- 上 last, previous (something) shǎo 少 to be few tóu- 頭 first (something) xià 下 to get off xià- 下 next (something) xià chē 下車 to get off the bus; “Out, please!” Xīmēndīng 西門町 (an area of Taipei) yǒu(de) shíhou 有(的)時候 sometimes zhàn 站 a stop, a station zuìhòu 最後 last, final (something) (introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes) Běihǎi Gōngyuán 北海公園 (a famous park in Běijīng) biěde shíhou 別的時候 other times Dōngjīng 東京 Tokyo fàng jià 放假 to close for a holiday hǎowán 好玩 to “be fun (lit. , “good for relaxing”) huì 會 will sījī 司機 driver of a hired vehicle zǒu ba 走吧 let’s go [15] REFERENCE NOTES 1. A: Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jǐlù chē? 到西門町去，坐幾路車？ What bus do you take to get to Xīméndīng? B: Zuò Shíbālù. 坐十八路。 Take Number 18. 2. A: Shíbālù chē duō bu duo? 十八路車多不多？ Are there many Number 18 buses? B: Bù hěn duō. 不很多。 Not very many. Notes on Nos. 1-2 Xīméndīng literally means “West Gate ding”—dīng being a Japanese term for “district.” Xīméndīng is the area of Taipei which surrounds the former west gate of the city. Today the district includes many shops, department stores, and movie theaters. Lù is the word for “route.” The question jǐlù? asks for the route number of the bus. Zuò, “to ride/to go by/to take [a conveyance]”:* Here zuò (literally, “to sit”) means to go by some means of transportation which the passenger is inside of (e.g., car, plane, boat, train, bus, elevator—NOT a motor- cycle or a horse). In exchange 1, zuò is used as a main verb. It can also be used as a prepositional verb, as in Nǐ zěnme qù? 你怎麽去？ How are you going? (i.e., by what means of transportation) Wǒ zuò huǒchē qù. 我坐火車去。 I am going by train. *Zuò appeared earlier in Zuò diàntī dào èrlou, “Take the elevator to the second floor.” Duō, “to be many/much,” is an adjectival verb.** There are several points to remember about duō: **Adjectival verbs are one type of STATE verb. See BIO, Unit 6. a. Adjectival verbs are sometimes used before a noun to modify it (e.g., xīn zhuōzi, “new table”; dà fángzi, “big house”). However, when duō is used in this way, it must be modified, for example, by hěn or tài. Tā mǎile hěn duō dōngxi. 他買了很多東西。 He bought a lot of things. Běijīng jiēshang yǒu hěn duō cèsuǒ. 比較街上有很多厠所。 There are many toilets on the streets of Běijīng. b. Much more often, however, duō is used as the main verb of a sentence. Nǐde shū zhēn duō! 你的書很多。 You really have a lot of books! Jīntiān jiēshangde rén hěn duō. 今天的街上的人很多。 There are a lot of people out today, (literally, “on the streets today”) [16] c. Often it does not occur to students to use duō as the main verb of a sentence because in English they do not usually say “The students are many.” They would say “There are many students,” with “many” as an adjective preceding “students.” Compare: Zhèrde rén hěn duō. 這兒的人很多。 (There are a lot of people here.) Láide rén hěn duō. 來的人很多。 (A lot of people came.) NOTE: Shǎo, “to be few,” is used in almost the same ways as duō. (See Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary.) 3. A: Měi gé duōshao shíhou yǒu yìbān chē? 每隔多少時候有一班車。 How much time is there between buses? B: Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng yǒu yìbān. 每隔二十分鐘有一班。 There’s one every twenty minutes. Notes on No. 3 Měi- is the word for “each,” “every.” Gé is a verb meaning “to separate,” “to divide.” It is used for intervals of time between regularly occurring events (e.g., “every half hour”). In exchange 3, gé refers to the length of time between buses. měi gé duōshao shíhou 每 隔 多少 時候 (every divide-off [interval] how much time) “(every) how often” The first sentence could also be translated as “How often is there a bus?” or “How often do the buses run?” Yìbān chē: The counter -bān is used for scheduled trips, or runs, of a vehicle. Yìbān chē is one bus run. Èrshifēn zhōng: The counter -fēn, for minutes, is usually followed by zhōng, “clock.” (Zhōng means “o’clock” in telling time.) “One minute” is yìfēn zhōng. [17] Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng yǒu yìbān chē. 每 隔 二十分鐘 有 一班 車。 (each interval twenty minutes there is one [run] bus) “There’s a bus every twenty minutes.” 4. C: Wǒ měige Xīngqīliù dōu qù kàn diànyǐng. 我每個星期六都去看電影。 I go to see a movie every Saturday. Notes on No. 4 Měige: When used with a noun, měi- acts as a specifier and must be followed by a counter or a noun that does not require a counter. měi(ge) rěn 每(個)人 every person měizhāng zhuōzi 每個桌子 every table měitiān 每天 every day Dōu, “all”: Here the adverb dōu implies “each and every,” or “without exception”—“every Saturday, without exception.” When the subject of a sentence is specified by měi-, the following verb is usually modified by the adverb dōu. 5. A: Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 最後一班車是幾點鐘？ What time is the last bus? B: Shíyīdiǎn shífēn. 十一點十分。 Eleven-ten. Note on No. 5 Zuìhòu yìbān chē: Zuì is the word for “most,” or “-est.” Zuìhòu means “latest,” or “last.” Note the order in which the elements of this phrase appear: zuìhòu yì -ban chē 最後 一 班 車 (last one run bus) “the last bus” Both the number and the counter are required in this phrase. [18] Compare: tóu yì -ban chē 頭 一 班 車 “the first bus” xià yì -ban chē 下 一 班 車 “the next bus” shàng yì -ban chē 上 一 班 車 “the last (previous) bus” (See Note on No. 8 and Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary for xià-, “next”; shàng-, “last,” “previous”; and tóu-, “first.”) 6. D: Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Xīméndīng? 這班車是不是去西門町？ Does this bus go to Xīméndīng? E: Shì. Shàng chē ba! 是。上車吧！ Yes, Get on! Notes on No. 6 Shì bu shi qù, “does it go to”:* The use of shì bu shi qù rather than qù bu qu in this sentence implies that the speaker has an idea that the bus does go to Xīméndīng and wants to make sure. (Zhèbān chē qù bu qu Xīméndīng? would also be correct.) *For a discussion of the use of shì bu shi before another verb to form a question, see MON, Unit 5, notes on No. 8. Qù Xīméndīng, “go to Xīméndīng”: The destination directly follows the main verb qù. You now know two ways to indicate destination: Wo dào Xīméndīng qù. 我到西門町去。 I am going to Xīméndīng. Wo qù Xīméndīng. 我去西門町。 The two forms are equally widely used. Shàng chē: This verb has several meanings. In the Directions Module, the meaning was “to go up” in Shàng lóu, yòubian jiù shi mài dìtúde. In this exchange, the meaning of shàng is “to get on/in [a vehicle].” [19] 7. A: Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou, qǐng gàosong wǒ. 到西門町的時候，請告誦我。 When we get to Xīméndīng, please tell me. F: Hǎo. 好。 Okay. Note on No. 7 Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou means “when we arrive in Xīméndīng.” If yǒu want to say, in Chinese, “when [something happens],” add -de shíhou to the phrase which names the happening. In English, “when” can mean either “during the same time” (e.g., “when I was a student”) or “immediately after” (e.g., “when the light turns green”). In Chinese, however, two different expressions are used for the two meanings: -de shíhou for “at the same time” and yǐhou for “immediately after.” Wǒ zài Xiānggǎngde shíhou hěn xǐhuan qù kàn diànyǐng. 我在香港的時候很喜歡去看電影。 When [i.e., while] I was in Hong Kong, I liked to go to the movies very much. Wǒ dàole Táiběi yīhòu, mǎile hěn duō Zhōngwén shū. 我到了臺北以後，買了很多中文書。 When [i.e., after] I got to Taipei, I bought a lot of Chinese books. 8. A: Hái yǒu jǐzhàn dào Xīméndīng? 還有幾站到西門町？ How many more stops are there to (before) Xīméndīng? F: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīměndīng. 下一站就是西門町。 The next stop is Xīméndīng. Note on No. 8 Xià yízhàn: Here xià means “the next.” It is a specifier. Xià is usually followed by a numeral or a counter, as in the following examples: xiàge yuè 下個月 next month xià yíbān chē 下一班車 the next bus The phrase xià yízhàn contains no counter because -zhàn, like -nián and -tiān, is not used with a counter. [20] 9. shàng- 上 last, previous (something) 10. tóu- 頭 first (something) 11. gàosu 告訴 to tell (alternate pronunciation) 12. shǎo 少 to be few 13. xià chē 下車 to get off the bus; “Out, please.” 14. yǒu(de) shíhou 有的時候 sometimes 15. chéng 城 city Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary The specifier shàng-, “last,” “previous,” is used in the same patterns as xià-. shàngge yuè 上個月 last month shàng yìbān chē 上一班車 the previous bus Tóu-, “first,” literally “head”: Let’s contrast dì- and tóu-: Dì- has no meaning of its own. Its function is to make a cardinal number into an ordinal number: for example, sān, “three,” becomes dìsān, “third,” as in dìsānge mén, “the third door.” Tóu- has a meaning of its own: “first,” as in tóusānge men, “the first three doors.” Tóu- is always followed by at least a number plus a counter (or a noun that does not require a counter). tóuliǎngge rén 頭兩個人 the first two people tóusānběn 頭三本 the first three volumes tóusìtiān 頭四天 the first four days Notice that tóuliāngge, “the first two,” and dìèrge, “the second one,” must use different words for “two,” because tóuliāngge 頭兩個 (COUNTING) dìèrge 第二個 (NOT COUNTING) Tóuyige, “the first one,” and dìyīge, “the first one,” are similar in meaning and often interchangeable. Gàosu, “to tell”: Gaosong is the usual colloquial pronunciation in Běijīng speech. Gàosu is the usual colloquial pronunciation in many other places in China, including Taiwan. The fact that, in a Taipei setting, the first speaker in exchange 7 uses gàosong tells yǒu that he is almost certainly not a native of Taiwan. Shǎo, “to be few”: Most of the comments about duō in these Reference Notes (exchange 2) also apply to the adjectival verb shǎo. Most frequently shǎo is used as the main verb of a sentence. Wǒde qián bù shǎo. 我的錢不少。 I have quite a bit of money. Zài Táiwān méiyou gōngzuòde rén hěn shǎo. 在臺灣沒有工作的人很少。 There are few people in Taiwan who do not have Jobs. [21] One point deserves special attention: Although you may say hěn duō shū for “a lot of books,” you may not say hěn shǎo shū. Hěn shǎo can rarely modify a noun which follows—and neither can tài shǎo, zhēn shǎo, and related expressions. Xià chē, “to get off [a vehicle],” may be used to signal that you wish to get off—that this is your stop. The expression would be translated as “Out, please,” or “Getting off, getting off,” used by passengers in crowded buses and elevators. Yǒu(de) shíhou, “sometimes,” precedes the verb of a sentence, as other time expressions do. Tā yǒude shíhou kàn Yīngwén bào. 他有的時候看英文報。 He sometimes reads English newspapers. Wǒ yǒu shíhou zuò Shíbālù chē. 我有時候坐十八路車。 Sometimes I take the Number 18 bus. Originally, chéng meant “city wall.” This early meaning still affects modern usage: you must say “going INto the city,” not just “to the city.” Tā jīntiān dào chénglǐtou qù. 他今天到城裏頭去。 He is going to the city today. [22] VOCABULARY BOOSTER Modes of Transportation bicycle [Běijīng] zìxíngchē 自行車 [Taiwan] jiǎotàchē 脚踏車 boat chuán 船 motorboat qìtǐng 汽艇 rowboat huátǐng 划艇 sailboat fānchuán 帆船 sampan shānbǎn 舢舨 bus gōnggòng qìchē 公共汽車 coach (long-distance) chángtú qìchē 長途汽車 car (automobile) qìchē 汽車 chēzi 車子 chē 車 helicopter zhíshēngfēijī 直升飛機 horseback riding qí mǎ 騎馬 jeep jípǔchē 吉普車 motorcycle mótuōchē 摩托車 plane fēijī 飛機 jet [PRC] pēnqìshì fēijī 噴氣式飛機 [PRC] pēnqìjī 噴氣機 [Taiwan] pēnshèshì fēijī 噴射式飛機 [Taiwan] pēnshèjī 噴射機 subway dìxiàtiě 地下鐵 dìtiě 地鐵 dìxià huǒchē 地下火車 taxi [PRC] chūzū qìchē 出租汽車 [PRC] chūzū chē 出租車 [Taiwan] jìchéngchē 計程車 train huǒchē 火車 trolley diànchē 電車 truck kǎchē 卡車 walking zǒu lù 走路 [23] DRILLS A. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jǐlù chē? 到西門町去，坐幾路車？ (What bus do you take to get to Xīméndīng?) (cue) hasn’t yet You： Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jǐlù chē, tā hái méi gàosu wo. 到西門町去，坐幾路車，他還沒告訴我。 (He hasn’t yet told me what bus to take to get to Xīméndīng.) 2. Dào Wǔguānchù qù, zuò jǐlù chē? 到武官処去，坐幾路車？ has already Dào Wǔguānchù qù, zuò jǐlù chē, tā yǐjīng gàosu wo le. 到武官処去，坐幾路車，他已經告訴我了。 3. Dào Nánjīng Lù qù, zuò jǐlù chē? 到南京路去，坐幾路車？ did not Dào Nánjīng Lù qù, zuò jǐlù chē, tā méi gàosu wo. 到南京路去，坐幾路車，他沒告訴我。 4. Dào Zhōngshān Lù qù, zuò jǐlù chē? 到中山路去，坐幾路車？ hasn’t yet Dào Zhōngshān Lù qù, zuò jǐlù chē, tā hai méi gàosu wo. 到中山路去，坐幾路車，他還沒告訴我。 5. Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jǐlù chē? 到西門町去，坐幾路車？ has already Dào Xīméndīng qù, zuò jǐlù chē, tā yǐjīng gàosu wo le. 到西門町去，坐幾路車，他已經告訴我了。 6. Dào tā jiā qù, zuò jǐlù chē? 到他家去，坐幾路車？ hasn’t yet Dào tā jiā qù, zuò jǐlù chē, tā hái méi gàosu wo. 到他家去，坐幾路車，他還沒告訴我。 7. Dào càishichǎng qù, zuò jǐlù chē? 到菜市場去，坐幾路車？ did not Dào càishichǎng qù, zuò jǐlù chē, tā méi gàosu wo. 到菜市場去，坐幾路車，他沒告訴我。 B. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker： Zuò Shíbālù chē. 坐十八路車。 (Take the Number 18 bus.) You： Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shíbālù chē, kéyi bu keyi? 請你告訴我，坐十八路車，可以不可以？ (Please tell me, would it be all right to take the Number 18 bus?) 2. Zuò Yílù chē. 坐一路車。 Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Yílù chē, kéyi bu keyi? 請你告訴我，坐一路車，可以不可以？ 3. Zuò Shílù chē. 坐十路車。 Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shílù chē, kéyi bu keyi? 請你告訴我，坐十路車，可以不可以？ 4. Zuò Liùlù chē. 坐六路車。 Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Liùlù chē, kéyi bu keyi? 請你告訴我，坐六路車，可以不可以？ 5. Zuò Wǔlù chē. 坐五路車。 Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Wǔlù chē, kéyi bu keyi? 請你告訴我，坐五路車，可以不可以？ [24] 6. Zuò Qílù chē. 坐七路車。 Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Qílù chē, kéyi bu keyi? 請你告訴我，坐七路車，可以不可以？ 7. Zuò Shíèrlù chē. 坐十二路車。 Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shíèrlù chē, kéyi bu keyi? 請你告訴我，坐十二路車，可以不可以？ C. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Měi gé duōshao shíhou yǒu yìbān chē? 每隔多少時候有一班車？ (How often is there a bus?) (cue) èrshifēn zhōng 二十分鐘 You: Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng yǒu yìbān chē. 每隔二十分鐘有一班車。 (There’s a bus every twenty minutes.) 2. Měi gé duōshao shíhou yǒu yìbān chē? 每隔多少時候有一班車？ shífēn zhōng 十分鐘 Měi gé shífēn zhōng yǒu yìbān chē. 每隔十分鐘有一班車。 3. Měi gé duōshao shíhou yǒu yìbān chē? 每隔多少時候有一班車？ wǔfēn zhōng 五分鐘 Měi gé wǔfēn zhōng yǒu yìbān chē. 每隔五分鐘有一班車。 4. Měi gé duōshao shíhou yǒu yìbān chē? 每隔多少時候有一班車？ bāfēn zhōng 八分鐘 Měi gé bāfēn zhōng yǒu yìbān chē. 每隔八分鐘有一班車。 5. Měi gé duōshao shíhou yǒu yìbān chē? 每隔多少時候有一班車？ èrshifēn zhōng 二十分鐘 Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng yǒu yìbān chē. 每隔二十分鐘有一班車。 6. Měi gé duōshao shíhou yǒu yìbān chē? 每隔多少時候有一班車？ shíwǔfēn zhōng 十五分鐘 Měi gé shíwǔfēn zhōng yǒu yìbān chē. 每隔十五分鐘有一班車。 7. Měi gé duōshao shíhou yǒu yìbān chē? 每隔多少時候有一班車？ shíèrfēn zhōng 十二分鐘 Měi gé shíèrfēn zhōng yǒu yìbān chē. 每隔十二分鐘有一班車。 [25] D. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Shíbālù chē duo bu duo? 十八路車多不多？ (Are there many Number 18 buses?) (cue) èrshifēn zhōng 二十分鐘 You: Bù shǎo. Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng yǒu yìbān. 不少。每個二十分鐘有一班。 (Quite a few. There’s one every twenty minutes.) 2. Yílù chē duō bu duo? 一路車多不多？ wǔfēn zhōng 五分鐘 Bù shǎo. Měi gé wǔfēn zhōng yǒu yìbān. 不少。每個五分鐘有一班。 3. Dào Táinán qùde chē duō bu duo? 到臺南去的車多不多？ wǔshifēn zhōng 五十分鐘 Bù shǎo. Měi gé wǔshifēn zhōng yǒu yìbān. 不少。每個五十分鐘有一班。 4. Dào Jīlóng qùde chē duō bu duo? 到基隆車多不多？ sìshifēn zhōng 四十分鐘 Bù shǎo. Měi gé sìshifēn zhōng yǒu yìbān. 不少。每個四十分鐘有一班。 5. Shílù chē duō bu duo? 十五車多不多？ shífēn zhōng 十分鐘 Bù shǎo. Měi gé shífēn zhōng yǒu yìbān. 不少。每個十分鐘有一班。 6. Sānlù chē duo bu duo? 三路車多不多？ èrshiwǔfēn zhōng 二十五分鐘 Bù shǎo. Měi gé èrshiwǔfēn zhōng yǒu yìbān. 不少。每個二十五分鐘有一班。 7. Èrlù chē duō bu duo? 二路車多不多？ shíwǔfēn zhōng 十五分鐘 Bù shǎo. Měi gé shíwǔfēn zhōng you yìbān. 不少。每個十五分鐘有一班。 E. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 那班車是幾點鐘。 (What time is that bus?) (cue) Táizhōng 臺中 You: Qǐngwèn, dào Táizhōng qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 請問，到臺中去的那班車是幾點鐘。 (May I ask, what time is that bus to Taizhong?) 2. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 那班車是幾點鐘、 Táinán 臺南 Qǐngwèn, dào Táinán qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 請問，到臺南去的那班車是幾點鐘。 3. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 那班車是幾點鐘 Jīlōng 基隆 Qǐngwèn, dào Jīlōng qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhong? 請問，到基隆去的那班車是幾點鐘。 4. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 那班車是幾點鐘 Jiāyì 嘉義 Qǐngwèn, dào Jiāyì qùde nèiban chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 請問，到嘉義去的那班車是幾點鐘。 5. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 那班車是幾點鐘 Táiběi 臺北 Qǐngwèn, dào Táiběi qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 請問，到臺北去的那班車是幾點鐘。 6. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 那班車是幾點鐘 Huālián 花蓮 Qǐngwèn, dào Huālián qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 請問，到花蓮去的那班車是幾點鐘。 [26] 7. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 那班車是幾點鐘？ Gāoxióng 高雄 Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxióng qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiǎn zhōng? 請問，到高雄去的那班車是幾點鐘。 F. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 這是不是最後一班車？ (Is this the last bus?) (cue) 11:10 You: Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn shífēn. 不是。最後一班車是十一點十分。 (No. The last bus is at 11:10.) 2. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 這是不是最後一班車？ 11:30 Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn ban. 不是。最後一班車是十一點半。 3. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 這是不是最後一班車？ 12:00 Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíèrdiǎn. 不是。最後一班車是十二點。 4. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 這是不是最後一班車？ 11:40 Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn sìshifēn. 不是。最後一班車是十一點四十分。 5. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 這是不是最後一班車？ 12:10 Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíèrdiǎn shífēn. 不是。最後一班車是十二點十分。 6. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 這是不是最後一班車？ 11:00 Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shíyīdiǎn. 不是。最後一班車是十一點。 7. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 這是不是最後一班車？ 10:50 Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shídiǎn wúshifēn. 不是。最後一班車是十點五十分。 G. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Zhèibān chē dào Xīméndīng qù ma? 這班車到西門町去嗎？ (Does this bus go to Xīméndīng?) You: Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Xīméndīng? 這班車是不是去西門町？ (Does this bus go to Xīméndīng?) 2. Zhèibān chē dào Zhōngshān Běilù qù ma? 這班車到中山北路去嗎？ Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Zhōngshān Běilù? 這班車是不是去中山北路？ 3. Zhèibān chē dào Zhōnghuá Lù qù ma? 這班車到中華路去嗎？ Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Zhōnghuā Lù? 這班車是不是去中華路？ 4. Zhèibān chē dào Zìyóu Lù qù ma? 這班車到自由路去嗎？ Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Zìyóu Lù? 這班車是不是去自由路？ [27] 5. Zhèibān chē dào Rén'ài Lù qù ma? 這班車到仁愛路去嗎？ Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Rén'ài Lù? 這班車是不是去仁愛路？ 6. Zhèibān chē dào Nánjīng Dōnglù qù ma? 這班車到南京東路去嗎？ Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Nánjīng Dōnglù? 這班車是不是去南京東路？ 7. Zhèibān chē dào Hépíng Xīlù qù ma? 這班車到和平西路去嗎？ Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Hépíng Xīlù? 這班車是不是去和平西路？ H. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Tā xià chē le. 他下車了。 (He got off the bus.) (cue) Xīméndīng You: Tā shì zài Xīméndīng xiàde chē 他是在西門町下的車。 (He got off the bus at Xīméndīng.) OR Tā xià chē. 他下車。 (He is getting off the bus.) (cue) Xīméndīng Tā zài Xīméndīng xià chē. 他在西門町下車。 (He is getting off the bus at Xīméndīng.) 2. Tā shàng chē le. 他上車了。 Zhōngshān Běilù 中山北路 Tā shì zài Zhōngshān Běilù shàngde chē. 他是在中山北路上的車。 3. Tā shàng chē. 他上車。 Hépíng Dōnglù 和平東路 Tǎ zài Hépíng Dōnglù shàng chē. 他在和平東路上車。 4. Tā xià chē le. 他下車了。 Mínshēng Lù 民生路 Tā shì zài Mínshēng Lù xiàde chē. 他是在民生路下的車。 5. Tā shàng chē le. 他上車了。 Rén'ài Lù 仁愛路 Tā shì zài Rén'ài Lù shàngde chē. 他是在仁愛路上的車。 6. Tā xià chē. 他下車。 Zhōnghuá Lù 中華路 Tā zài Zhōnghuá Lù xià chē. 他在中華路下車。 I. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Dào Xīméndīng qǐng gàosu wo. 到西門町請告訴我。 (When we GET TO Xīméndīng, please tell me.) (cue) shíhou 時候 You: Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo. 到西門町時候請訴我。 (When we get to XIMENDING, please tell me.) 2. Dào Zhōngshān Běilù qǐng gàosu wo. 到中山北路請告訴我。 yǐqián 以前 Dào Zhōngshān Běilù yǐqián qǐng gàosu wo. 到中山北路以前請告訴我。 3. Dào Nánjīng Dōnglù qǐng gàosu wo. 到南京東路請告訴我。 shíhou 時候 Dào Nánjīng Dōnglùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo. 到南京東路時候請告訴我。 [28] 4. Dào Rén'ài Lù qǐng gàosu wo. 到仁愛請告訴我。 yǐqián 以前 Dào Rén'ài Lù yiqián qǐng gàosu wo. 到仁愛以前請告訴我。 5. Dào Mínquán Lù qǐng gàosu wo. 到民權路請告訴我。 shíhou 時候 Dào Mínquán Lùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo. 到民權路時候請告訴我 6. Dào Hépíng Xīlù qǐng gàosu wo. 到和平西路告訴我。 yǐqián 以前 Dào Hépíng Xīlù yǐqián qǐng gàosu wo. 到和平西路以前請告訴我。 7. Dào Zìyóu Lù qǐng gàosu wo. 到自由路請告訴我。 shíhou 時候 Dào Zìyóu Lùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo. 到自由路時候請告訴我。 J. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Hái yǒu jǐzhàn dào Xīméndīng? 還有幾站到西門町？ (How many more stops are there to [before] Xīméndīng?) (cue) xià 下 You: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīméndīng. 下一站就是西門町。 (The next stop is Xīméndīng.) OR Hái yǒu jǐzhàn dào Xīméndīng? 還有幾站到西門町？ (How many more stops are there to [before] Xīméndīng?) (cue) 3 Hái yǒu sānzhàn jiù shi Xīméndīng. 還有三站就是西門町。 (Three more stops, and that’s Xīméndīng.) 2. Hái yǒu jǐzhàn dào Zhonghuá Lù? 還有幾站到中華路？ xià 下 Xià yízhàn jiù shi Zhōnghuá Lù. 下一站就是中華路。 3. Hái yǒu jǐzhàn dào Nánjīng Dōnglù? 還有幾站到南京東路？ 2 Hái yǒu liǎngzhàn jiù shi Nánjīng Dōnglù. 還有兩站就是南京東路。 4. Hái yǒu jǐzhàn dào Xīnshēng Nánlù? 還有幾站到新生南路？ xià 下 Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīnshēng Nánlù. 下一站就是新生南路。 5. Hái yǒu jǐzhàn dào Zìyóu Lù? 還有幾站到自由路？ 2 Hái yǒu liǎngzhàn jiù shi Zìyóu Lù. 還有兩站就是自由路。 6. Hái yǒu jǐzhàn dào Mínshēng Lù? 還有幾站到民生路？ xià 下 Xià yízhàn jiù shi Mínshēng Lù. 下一站就是民生路。 [29] K. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Tā dào Zhōngguo qù. 他到中國去。 (He goes to China.) (cue) nián 年 You: Tā měinián dōu dào Zhōngguo qù. 他每年都到中國去。 (He goes to China every year.) 2. Tā kàn Zhōngguo diànyīng. 他看中國電影。 月 yuè Tā měige yuè dōu kàn Zhōngguo diànyǐng. 他每個月都看中國電影。 3. Tā dào Niǔ Yuē qù. 他到紐約去。 xīngqī 星期 Tā měige xīngqī dōu dào Niǔ Yuē qù. 他每星期都到紐約去。 4. Tā dào xuéxiào lái. 他到學校來。 tiān 天 Tā měitiān dōu dào xuéxiào lái. 他每天都到學校來。 5. Tā mǎi Yīngwén zázhì. 他買英文雜志。 Xīngqīwǔ 星期五 Tā měige Xīngqīwǔ dōu mǎi Yīngwén zázhì. 他每個星期五到都買英文雜志。 6. Tā dào càishichǎng qù. 他到菜市場去。 tiān 天 Tā měitiān dōu dào càishichǎng qù. 他每天都到菜市場去。 7. Tā kàn bào. 他看報。 tiān 天 Tā měitiān dōu kàn bào. 他每天都看報。 [30] UNIT 2 REFERENCE LIST (in Běijīng) 1. A: Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到展覽館有沒有直達車？ Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall? B: Méiyou. 沒有 No. 2. A: Dào nàr qù, zuò jǐlù chē ya? 到那兒去，坐幾路車呀？ What bus do you take to get there? B: Zuò Yīlù chē. 坐一路車。 Take the Number 1 bus. 3. B: Zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē. 坐到西單換車。 Take it to Xīdān and change buses. 4. A: Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? 咱們在哪兒買票？ Where do we buy tickets? B: Zài chēshang mǎi piào. 在車上買票。 We buy tickets on the bus. 5. B: Hǎo, xiànzài zǒu ba! 好，現在走吧！ Okay, let’s go now! 6. A: Èi! Zánmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba? 誒！咱們不是坐過站了吧？ Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop? B: Hái méi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē. 還沒呢。下一站才下車， Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop. 7. *C: Láojià, Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? 勞駕，十五路汽車站在哪兒？ Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop? D: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang. 就在那個路口上。 It’s (just) on that corner. *This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 8. gōnggòng qìchē 公共汽車 public bus (local) 9. -li 裏 in (locational ending) 10. -shang 上 on 11. shàng bān 上班 to start work, to go to work 12. xià bān 下班 to get off from work, to leave work [31] VOCABULARY ba 吧 (tone softener) cái 才 then and only then, not until gōnggòng qìchē 公共汽車 public bus (local) -li 裏 in (locational ending) piào (yìzhang) 票 (一張) ticket, coupon 汽車站 qìchēzhàn bus stop -shang 上 on (locational ending) shàng bān 上班 to go to work, to start work xià bān 下班 to get off from work, to leave work Xīdān 西單 (a district in Běijīng) zánmen 咱們 we (specifically includes the listener) zhǎnlǎnguǎn 展覽館 exhibition hall zhídáchē 直達車 direct bus, nonstop bus zuò dao 坐到 to ride to zuòguò 坐過 to ride past (introduced, on C-2 and. P-2 tapes) Āndìngmén 安定門 (a neighborhood in Běijīng) bǐjiǎo 比較 comparatively, relatively dòngwuyuán 動物園 zoo liǎngcì 兩次 two times, twice Xiǎo (name) 小 Little (name) [familiar form of name among friends] xióngmāo 熊貓 panda zhǎnlǎn 展覽 to exhibit zhèicì 這次 this time [32] REFERENCE NOTES 1. A: Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到展覽館有沒有直達車？ Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall? B: Méiyou. 沒有 No. Notes on No. 1 Dào zhanlǎnguǎn is the topic of the first sentence in exchange 1. Zhídáchē refers to a city bus in exchange 1, although the word is more properly used to refer to buses between cities. Changed tones: You have now learned several three-syllable words in which the middle syllable changes tone in normal fast speech. These words and the changes you hear are Jiānádà Jiānādà 加拿大 Xīméndīng Xīmēndīng 西門町 zhǎnlǎnguǎn zhánlánguǎn zhanlǎnguǎn 展覽館 zhídáchē zhídáchē 直達車 (For further discussion of this type of tone change, see Tone Changes in the P&R Summary.) 2. A: Dào nàr qù, zuò jǐlù chē ya? 到那兒去，坐幾路車呀？ What bus do you take to get there? B: Zuò Yīlù chē. 坐一路車。 Note on No. 2 Ya is a variant form of the marker a. If the word directly preceding the a ends in a vowel, the semivowel y or w may be inserted; the marker is then pronounced ya or wa. If the word directly preceding a ends in a consonant, that sound is carried forward as the initial sound of the marker: /(consonant sound)a/ Nǐ shi nǎrde rén /n/a? 你是哪兒的人哪？ Nǐ xìng Wáng /ng/a? 你是哪兒的人哪？ Nǐ hǎo /w/a? 你好哇？ Tā zhēn kuài /y/a! 他真快呀！ [33] 3. B: Zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē. 坐到西單換車。 Take it to Xīdān and change buses. Notes on No. 3 Zuò dao Xīdān: In earlier exchanges, phrases consisting of dào and a place word were placed before the main verb in a sentence. In this exchange, you see that dào + place word can also be placed after the main verb. Dào is toneless when it follows the verb of a sentence. Huàn is used in exchange 3 for “changing” from one bus to another. It was used in earlier modules for “changing” from one currency to another. 4. A: Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? 咱們在哪兒買票？ Where do we buy tickets? B: Zài chēshang mǎi piào. 在車上買票。 We buy tickets on the bus. Notes on No. 4 Although spelled zánmen, this word is actually pronounced zámen, and in everyday conversation even as zám. Both wǒmen and zánmen are translated as “we.” Most speakers of Chinese outside Běijīng use only wǒmen. Many Chinese from Běijīng use the pronoun wǒmen only when the person being spoken to is not included in the “we.” To show that the person being spoken to IS included in the “we,” zánmen is used. For instance, if everyone in a room is Chinese, any one person could say to all of the others Zánmen dōu shi Zhòngguo ren, “All of us are Chinese.” If an American then entered the room, someone might say to him Wǒmen shi Zhòngguo rén, nǐ shi Měiguo rén, “We are Chinese, and you are American.” The phrase zài chēshang consists of the verb zài followed by the noun chē plus the locational ending -shang. Some verbs like zài must be followed by a place word or phrase (or by time words or phrases). But not all nouns which refer to things which occupy space can be used as place words. You must learn which words can function as place words and which cannot. Zhèr, nàr, relative location words (zuǒbianr, dōngbianr, wàibianr, etc.), and names of cities and countries may be used as place words. In general, nouns which refer to buildings, institutions, organizations, parks, and other specific locations may be used as place words. Nouns which refer to vehicles, people, books, furniture, and other things, that can be moved around are NOT considered place words. When a noun from this group is to be used in a phrase with zài, either a locational ending is added to the noun or the place word zhèr or nàr follows it. [34] Zài zhuōzishang yǒu hěn duō shū. 在桌子上有很多書。 There are many books on the table. Tā zài nèige zhuōzi nàr niàn shū. 他在那個桌子哪兒念書。 He studies at that table。 Locational endings: -shang, “on”; -li, “in”; -wài, “outside”; and -xià, “under,” are locational endings. Tā zài lóuxià mǎi dōngxi. 他在樓下買東西。 He is buying things downstairs. Fàndiànli yǒu méiyou mài tángde? 飯店裏有沒有賣糖的？ Is there a place to buy candy in the hotel? You have learned three generally equivalent ways to form place expressions: noun + locational ending; noun followed by relative location word; noun + de followed by relative location word. Tā zài mén- -wài děng ni. Tā zài mén wài- -bianr děng ni. Tā zài mén -de wài- -bianr děng ni. 5. B: Hǎo, xiànzài zǒu ba! 好，現在走吧！ Okay, let’s go now! Note on No. 5 Ba: You have seen the marker ba used in different situations at the ends of sentences. In each case, however, its effect was to soften the impact of whatever the speaker was saying. Here is a summary of the uses you have seen: a. After a phrase which puts forth an opinion or guess, ba adds a questioning tone (BIO, Unit 2). Tā dàgài bù lái le ba? 他大概不來了吧？ He’s probably not coming after all, is he? Nǐ shi Wèi Shàoxiào ba? 你是魏少校吧？ You must be Major Weiss. b. After a statement which puts forth a course of action, ba softens the tone. Ba may be used at the end of a sentence with a meaning ranging anywhere from tentative and consulting to suggesting or advising to requesting or ordering. (The tone of ba sentences varies according to the person being spoken to, the speaker’s tone of voice, and other words, such as qǐng, “please,” in a sentence.) (MON, Unit 3) [35] Nǐ zǒu ba! 你走吧！ Leave! (ORDERING) Nǐ hǎohāor xiǎngxiang ba! 你好好兒想想吧！ You think it over carefully! (ADVISING) Qǐng ba! 請吧！ Please go ahead! (INVITING) Zánmen zǒu ba. 咱們走吧。 Let’s go. (SUGGESTING) Wǒ mǎi dàde ba. 我買大的吧。 I guess I’ll get the large one. (TENTATIVE AND CONSULTING) There is no single way to translate this use of ba. In the examples above, you can see that when the subject is “you,” ba goes untranslated; when the subject is “we,” ba is translated as “let’s”; and when the subject is “I,” ba is translated as “I guess.” 6. A: Èi! Zánmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba? 誒！咱們不是坐過站了吧？ Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop? B: Hái méi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē. 還沒呢。下一站才下車， Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop. Notes on No. 6 Bú shi: Below are some examples of affirmative questions and their negative counterparts (using bú shi). Notice that in the two negative examples shi means something like “to be the case that....” Tā yǐjīng zǒu le ba? 他已經走了吧。 Has he already gone? Tā bú shi yǐjīng zǒu le ba? 他不是已經走了吧？ Hasn’t he already gone? (isn’t it the case that he has already gone?) Tā zhù zai Shànghǎi ma? 她住在上海嗎？ Does she live in Shànghǎi? Tā bú shi zhù zai Shànghǎi ma? 她不是住在上海嗎？ Doesn’t she live in Shànghǎi? (Isn’t it the case that she lives in Shànghǎi?) Zuòguò le: To the main verb zuò, “to ride,” “to take,” the ending -guò is added to indicate the result of the action—“going past/too far.” (The full verb guò means “to pass,” “to cross.”) The ending -guò may also be added to the verb zǒu, “to go,” to indicate result. Òu, nǐ zhǎo Nánwèi Hútong! Nǐ zǒuguò le! Nǐ děi wàng huí zǒu. 哦，你找南緯胡同！你坐過了！你得往回走。 Oh, you are looking for Nánwèi Hútong. You have walked past it. You will have to go back. [36] Aspect marker ne: You have frequently seen an aspect marker used to indicate a CHANGE: completion le shows that an action or process has been carried out (Tā zǒu le, “He has left”); new situation le marks a change in the past, present, or future (Tāde dàyī pòle, “His coat is worn out”). In exchange 6, the aspect marker ne indicates the ABSENCE OF CHANGE. In this exchange, ne emphasizes that there has been no change in the situation. You may want to think of ne as the opposite of le. The marker ne is used with ACTION and STATE verbs. Tā xiànzài niàn shū ne. 他現在念書呢。 He is studying now. Tā zài zhèr ne. 他在這兒呢。 He’s here. Zhèizhī bǐ hái kéyi xiě ne. 這支筆還可以寫呢。 This pen is still good (can still write). Hái, “still,” “yet”: When this adverb is used, the sentence very often ends with the marker ne. Míngtiān wǒ hái bù zǒu ne. 明天我還沒走呢。 I’m not leaving tomorrow (yet). (i.e., I’ll still be here tomorrow.) Tā hái méi lái ne. 他還沒來呢。 He hasn’t come yet. “Still” and “yet” may, however, be translated into Chinese with either hái or ne. Tā hái méi lái. 她還沒來。 Tā méi lái ne. 她沒來呢。 He hasn’t come yet. Cái means “then and only then” or “not until then.” It is used to talk about something that has happened or will happen later than expected. Wǒmen míngtiān cái zǒu. 我們明天才走。 We don’t leave until tomorrow. Sentences in which cái is used emphasize when something happened, rather than the fact that it happened. Therefore (shi)...-de, not le, is used to indicate completed action. Tā (shi) bādiǎn zhōng cái láide. 他是八點鐘才來的。 He didn’t come until eight o’clock. Wǒ zuótiān cái dàode. 我昨天才到的。 I didn’t arrive until yesterday. Notice that the shi in the shi...-de construction may be omitted. Also, cái is placed AFTER a time word or phrase and BEFORE the verb. You have learned three words for “then”: jiù, zài, cái. Jiù is used for action taking place earlier than expected. Cái and zài imply that something happens later than expected. Cái and jiù are used in descriptions of completed or future action. Zài is used mostly for plans, suggestions, and commands—in reference to future actions. Tā zuótiān jiù dào le. 他昨天就到了。 He arrived yesterday (already). Tā (shi) zuótiān cái láide. 他是昨天才來的。 He didn’t come until yesterday. Nǐ míngtiān zài zǒu ba! 你明天再走吧。 Don’t go until tomorrow! [37] Notice that, in the description of past events, most sentences containing jiù also contain the completion le marker. 7. *C: Láojià, Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? 勞駕，十五路汽車站在哪兒？ Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop? D: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang. 就在那個路口上。 It’s (just) on that corner. Note on No. 7 Lùkǒurshang, literally “on the intersection”: Lùkǒur means “road mouth,” a crossroads or intersection. The word is a place-word expression and may follow zài with or without the locational ending -shang. [38] DRILLS A. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Dào Běijīng Zhǎnlǎnguǎn yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到北京展覽館有沒有直達車？ (Is there a direct bus to the Běijīng Exhibition Hall?) (cue) Mínzú Fàndiàn 民族飯店 You: Dào Mínzú Fàndiàn yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到民族飯店有沒有直達車？ (is there a direct bus to the Nationalities Hotel?) 2. Dào Mínzú Fàndiàn yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到民族飯店有沒有直達車？ Sǎnlítún 三里屯 Dào Sǎnlítún yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到三里屯有沒有直達車？ 3. Dào Sǎnlítún yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到三里屯有沒有直達車？ Xīdān 西單 Dào Xīdān yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到西單有沒有直達車？ 4. Dào Xīdān yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到西單有沒有直達車？ Dōngdān Càishichǎng 東單菜市場 Dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng yǒu meiyou zhídáchē ? 到東單菜市場有沒有直達車？ 5. Dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到東單菜市場有沒有直達車？ Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn 東單電影院 Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到東單電影院有沒有直達車？ 6. Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到東單電影院有沒有直達車？ Jiānádà Wǔguānchù 加拿大武官処 Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到加拿大武官処有沒有直達車？ 7. Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídáchē? 到加拿大武官処有沒有直達車？ B. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Dào Běijīng Zhǎnlǎnguǎn yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到北京展覽館有沒有直達車？ (is there a direct bus to the Běijīng Exhibition Hall?) (cue) Xīdān 西單 You: Méiyou, děi zài Xīdān huàn chē. 沒有，得在西單換車。 (There isn’t. You have to change buses at Xīdān.) 2. Dào Sǎnlítún yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到三里屯有沒有直達車？ Dōngdān 東單 Méiyou, děi zài Dōngdān huàn chē. 沒有，得在東單換車。 3. Dào Guānghuá Lù yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到光華路有沒有直達車？ tāmen nàr 他們那兒 Méiyou, děi zài tāmen nàr huàn chē. 沒有，得在他們那兒換車。 [39] 4. Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuan yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到東單有沒有直達車？ Qiánmén 前門 Méiyou, děi zài Qiánmén huàn chē. 沒有，得在前門換車。 5. Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到武官処有沒有直達車？ Xīdān 西單 Méiyou, děi zài Xīdān huàn chē. 沒有，得在西單換車。 6. Dào Qiánmén yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到前門有沒有直達車？ Dōngdān 東單 Méiyou, děi zài Dōngdān huàn chē. 沒有，得在東單換車。 7. Dào Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē yǒu meiyou zhídáchē? 到王府井大街有沒有直達車？ càishichǎng nàr 菜市場 Méiyou, děi zài càishichǎng nàr huàn chē. 沒有，得在菜市場換車。 C. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: dào nàr qù 到那兒去 (to go there) (cue) jǐ 幾 You: Dào nàr qù zuò jǐlù chē? 到那兒去坐幾路車？ (What [number] bus do you take to go there?) OR dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù 到展覽館去 (to go to the exhibition hall) (cue) 3 Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù zuò Sānlù chē. 到展覽館去坐三路車。 (To go to the exhibition hall, take the Number 3 bus.) 2. dào Dōngdān qù 到東單去 3 Dào Dōngdān qù zuò Sānlù chē. 到東單去坐三路車。 3. dào nàr qù 到那兒去 jǐ 幾 Dào nàr qù zuò jǐlù chē? 到那兒去坐幾路車？ 4. dào Xīnhuá Shūdiàn qù 到新華書店去 1 Dào Xīnhuá Shūdiàn qù zuò Yīlù chē. 到新華書店去坐一路車。 5. dào Sānlǐtún qù 到三里屯去 5 Dào Sānlǐtún qù zuò Wǔlù chē. 到三里屯去五路車。 6. dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng qù 到東單菜市場去 jǐ 幾 Dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng qù zuò jǐlù chē? 到東單菜市場去坐幾路車？ D. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Nín xiān zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē. 您先坐一路車，坐到西單換車。 (You first take the Number 1 bus. Take it to Xīdān and change buses.) You: Wǒ xiān zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē, duì bu dui? 我先坐一路車，坐到西單換車，對不對。 (I first take the Number 1 bus. I take it to Xīdān and change buses. Right?) [40] 2. Nín xiān zuò Sānlù chē, zuò dao Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē huàn chē. 您先坐三路車，坐到王府井大街換車。 Wǒ xiān zuò Sānlù chē, zuò dao Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē huàn chē, duì bu dui? 我先坐三路車，坐到王府井大街換車，對不對。 3. Nín xiān zuò Liùlù chē, zuò dao Dōngdān huàn chē. 您先坐六路車，坐到東單換車。 Wo xiān zuò Liùlù chē, zuò dao Dōngdān huàn chē, duì bu dui? 我先坐六路車，坐到東單換車，對不對。 4. Nín xiān zuò Wǔlù chē, zuò dao Qiánmén huàn chē. 您先坐五路車，坐到前門換車。 Wǒ xiān zuò Wǔlù chē, zuò dao huàn chē, duì bu dui? 我先坐五路車，坐到前門換車，對不對。 5. Nín xiān zuò Shílù chē, zuò dao Sānlītǔn huàn chē. 您先坐十路車，坐到三里屯換車。 Wǒ xiān zuò Shílù chē, zuò dao Sānlītǔn huàn chē, duì bu dui? 我先坐十路車，坐到三里屯換車，對不對。 6. Nín xiān zuò Qílù chē, zuò dao Rìtán Lù huàn chē. 您先坐七路車，坐到日壇路換車。 Wǒ xiān zuò Qílù chē, zuò dao Rìtán Lù huàn chē, duì bu dui? 我先坐七路車，坐到日壇路換車，對不對。 7. Nín xiān zuò Shíèrlù chē, zuò dao Guānghuá Lù huàn chē. 您先坐十二路車，坐到光華路換車。 Wǒ xiān zuò Shíèrlù chē, zuò dao Guānghuá Lù huàn chē, duì bu dui? 我先坐十二路車，坐到光華路換車，對不對。 E. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Dào nàr qù xiān zuò Sānlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē. 到那兒去先坐三路車，然後坐五路車。 (To go there, first take the Number 3 bus; then take the Number 5 bus.) You: Wǒ xiān zuò Sānlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē? 我先坐三路車，然後坐五路車。請問，在哪兒換車？ (I first take the Number 3 bus; then take the Number 5 bus. May I ask, where do I change buses?) 2. Dào Zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù xiān zuò Yīlù chē, ránhòu zuò Sìlù chē. 到展覽館去先坐一路車，然後坐四路車。 Wǒ xiān zuò Yīlù chē, ránhòu zuò Sìlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nar huàn chē? 我先坐一路車，然後坐四路車。請問，在哪兒換車？ 3. Dào Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē qù xiān zuò Èrlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē. 到王府井大街去先坐二路車，然後坐五路車。 Wǒ xiān zuò Èrlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē? 我先坐二路車，然後坐五路車。請問，在哪兒換車？ 4. Dào Rìtán Lù qù xiān zuò Qílù chē, ránhòu zuò Sānlù chē. 到日壇路去先坐七路車，然後坐三路車。 Wǒ xiān zuò Qílù chē, ránhòu zuò Sānlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nar huàn chē? 我坐七路車，然後坐三路車。請問，在哪兒換車？ 5. Dào Sānlǐtún qù xiān zuò Liùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Èrlù chē. 到三里屯去先坐六路車，然後坐二路車。 Wǒ xiān zuò Liùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Èrlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nar huàn chē? 我坐六路車，然後坐二路車。請問，在哪兒換車？ 6. Dào Rìtán Lù qù xiān zuò Shílù chē, ránhòu zuò Qílù chē. 到日壇路去先坐十路車，然後坐七路車。 Wǒ xiān zuò Shílù chē, ránhòu zuò Qílù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nar huàn chē? 我先坐十路車，然後坐七路車。請問，在哪兒換車？ [41] 7. Dào Xīdān qù xiān zuò Shíwulù chē, ránhòu zuò Liùlù chē. 到西單去先坐十五路車，然後坐六路車。 Wo xiān zuò Shíwulù chē, ránhòu zuò Liùlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē? 我先坐十五路車，然後坐六路車。請問，在哪兒換車？ F. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker： Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? 咱們在哪兒買票？ (Where do we buy tickets?) (cue) chēshang 車上 You: Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài chēshang mǎi piào ma? 咱們在哪兒買票？在車上買票嗎？ (Where do we buy tickets? Do we buy them on the bus?) 2. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? 咱們在哪兒買票？ zhèr 這兒 Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài zhèr mǎi piào ma? 咱們在哪兒買票？在這兒買票嗎？ 3. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? 咱們在哪兒買票？ nar 那兒 Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài nàr mǎi piào ma? 咱們在哪兒買票？在那兒買票嗎？ 4. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? 咱們在哪兒買票？ Dōngdān nàr 東單那兒 Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài Dōngdān nàr mǎi piào ma? 咱們在哪兒買票？在東單那兒買票嗎？ 5. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? 咱們在哪兒買票？ chēshang 車上 Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài chēshang mǎi piào ma? 咱們在哪兒買票？在車上買票嗎？ 6. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? 咱們在哪兒買票？ càishichǎng nàr 菜市場 Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài càishichǎng nàr mǎi piào ma? 咱們在哪兒買票？在菜市場買票嗎？ 7. Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? 咱們在哪兒買票？ Xīdān nàr 西單那兒 Zánmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài Xīdān nàr mǎi piào ma? 咱們在哪兒買票？在西單那兒買票嗎？ G. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Zánmen jiǔdiǎn zhōng shàng ban. 咱們九點鐘上班。 (We start work at nine o’clock.) You: Zánmen jiǔdiǎn zhōng cái shàng bān. 咱們九點鐘才上班。 (We don’t start work until nine o’clock.) 2. Wǒmen wǔdiǎnbàn xià bān. 我們五點半下班。 Wǒmen wǔdiǎnbàn cái xià bān. 我們五點半下班。 3. Wǒmen xià yízhàn xià chē. 我們下一站才下車。 Wǒmen xià yízhàn cái xià chē. 我們下一站才下車。 4. Yínháng jiǔdiǎn zhōng kāi mén. 銀行九點鐘開門。 Yínháng jiǔdiǎn zhōng cái kāi mén. 銀行九點鐘才開門。 5. Women xià yízhàn huàn chē. 我們下一站換車。 Wǒmen xià yízhàn cái huàn chē. 我們下一站才換車。 [42] 6. Tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng xià ban. 他們六點鐘下班。 Tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng cǎi xià ban. 他們六點鐘才下班。 7. Tāmen shídiǎn zhōng shàng ban. 他們十點鐘才上班。 Tāmen shídiǎn zhōng cǎi shàng ban. 他們十點鐘才上班。 H. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Nánjīng Dōnglù dào le ma? 南京東路到了嗎？ (Have we reached Nánjīng Dōnglù?) (cue) hǎi méi ne 還沒呢 You: Hǎi méi ne. Xià yízhàn cái xià chē. 還沒呢。下一站才下車。 (Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.) OR Nánjīng Dōnglù dào le ma? 南京東路到了嗎？ (Have we reached Nánjīng Dōnglù?) (cue) dào le 到了 Dào le. Wǒmen zài zhèr xià chē. 到了。我們在這兒下車。 (We have already arrived. We get off here.) 2. Zhōnghuá Lù dào le ma? 中華路到了嗎？ hái méi ne 還沒呢 Hái méi ne. Xià yízhàn cái xià chē. 還沒呢。下一站才下車。 3. Dàlǐ Jiē dào le ma? 大理街到了嗎？ dào le 到了 Dào le. Wǒmen zài zhèr xià chē. 到了。我們在這兒下車。 4. Zhōngshān Běilù dào le ma? 中山北路到了嗎？ hái méi ne 還沒呢 Hái méi ne. Xià yízhàn cái xià chē. 還沒呢。下一站才下車。 5. Hépíng Xīlù dào le ma? 和平西路到了嗎？ dào le 到了 Dào le. Wǒmen zài zhèr xià chē. 到了。下車。 6. Jīlóng Lù dào le ma? 基隆街到了嗎？ hái méi ne 還沒呢 Hái méi ne. Xià yízhàn cái xià chē. 還沒呢。下車。下一站才下車。 I. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Qǐngwèn Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? 請問十五路站在哪兒？ (May I ask, where is the Number 15 bus stop?) (cue) nèige lùkourshang 那個路口上 You: Jiù zài nèige lùkourshang. 就在那個路口上。 (it’s [just] on that corner.) 2. Qǐngwèn Shísìlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? 請問十四路汽車站在哪兒？ nèige dàlóu nàr 那個大樓那兒 Jiù zài nèige dàlóu nàr. 就在那個大樓那兒。 [43] 3. Qǐngwèn Liùlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? 請問六路汽車站在哪兒？ lùde nèibian 路德那邊 Jiù zài lùde nèibian. 就在路德那邊。 4. Qǐngwèn, Yīlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? 請問一路汽車站在哪兒？ nèige yínháng qiánbian 那個銀行前邊 Jiù zài nèige yínhǎng qiánbian. 就在那個銀行前邊。 5. Qǐngwèn, Sānlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? 請問三路汽車站在哪兒？ nèige shāngdiàn nàr 那個商店那兒 Jiù zài nèige shāngdiàn nàr. 就在那個商店那兒。 6. Qǐngwèn, Qílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? 請問七路汽車站在哪兒？ càishichǎng qiánbian 菜市場前邊 Jiù zài nèige càishichǎng qiánbian. 就在菜市場前邊。 7. Qǐngwèn, Shílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? 請問十路汽車站在哪兒？ nèige diànyǐngyuàn qiánbian 那個電影院前邊 Jiù zài nèige diànyingyuàn qiánbian. 就在那個電影院前邊。 J. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker： Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái ma? 他幾點鐘來？他九點鐘來嗎？ (What time is he coming? Is he coming at nine o’clock?) (cue) 8 o’clock You: Tā shuō tā bādiǎn zhōng jiù lái. 他説他八點鐘來。 (He says he is coming at eight o’clock.) OR Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái ma? 他幾點鐘來？他九點鐘來嗎？ (What time is he coming? Is he coming at nine o’clock?) (cue) 10 o’clock Tā shuō tā shídiǎn zhōng cái lái ne. 他説他十點鐘才來呢。 (He says he isn’t coming until ten o’clock.) 2. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā sìdiǎn zhōng lái ma? 他幾點鐘來？他四點鐘來嗎？ 5 o’clock Tā shuō tā wǔdiǎn zhōng cái lái ne. 他説他五點鐘才來呢。 3. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā yìdiǎn zhōng lái ma? 他幾點鐘來？他一點鐘來嗎？ 12 o’clock Tā shuō tā shíèrdiǎn zhōng jiù lái. 他説他十二點鐘才來呢。 4. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā bādiǎn zhōng lái ma? 他幾點鐘來？他八點鐘來嗎？ 7 o’clock Tā shuō tā qīdiǎn zhōng jiù lái. 他説他七點鐘才來呢。 5. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā liùdiǎn zhōng lái ma? 他幾點鐘來？他六點鐘來嗎？ 8 o’clock Tā shuō tā bādiǎn zhōng cái lái ne. 他説他八點鐘才來呢。 6. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā shídiǎn zhōng lái ma? 他幾點鐘來？他十點鐘來嗎？ 11 o’clock Tā shuō tā shíyidiǎn zhōng cái lái ne. 他説他十一點鐘才來呢。 [44] UNIT 3 REFERENCE LIST (in Taipei) 1. A: Ài, jìchéngchē! 哎，計程車！ Hey, taxi! B: Ní dào náli? 你到哪兒？ Where are you going? A: Dào huǒchēzhàn. 到火車站。 To the train station. 2. *B: Zhǐ yǒu zhè yíjiàn xíngli ma? 只有這一件行李嗎？ Is there only this one piece of luggage? A: Shì. 是。 Yes. 3. *B: Wǒ bǎ xíngli fàng zai qiánbian. 我把行李放在前邊。 I’ll put the suitcase in front. 4. A: Nǐ kāide tài kuài le! 你開得太快了！ You are driving too fast! 5. C: Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài. 他開車，開得不快。 He doesn’t drive fast. 6. A: Wǒmen yǒu shíjiān, láidejí. 我們有時間，來得及。 We have time. We can make it in time. 7. A: Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi. 輕慢一點開。 Please drive a little slower. 8. ** A: Bié kāi nàme kuài! 別開那麽快！ Don’t drive so fast! 9. B: Zhè shi nínde xíngli. 這是您的行李。 Here is your suitcase. A: Xièxie. Duōshao qián? 謝謝，多少錢？ Thank you. How much is it [the fare]? B: Èrshiqīkuài. 二十七塊。 Twenty-seven dollars. A: Zhè shi sānshikuài, bú yòng zhǎo le. 這是三十塊，不用找了。 Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change. (literally, “No need to give me change.”) 10. A: Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínháng tíng yíxià. 請你在前邊那個銀行停一下。 Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment. B: Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ chē tíng zai nèibian děng nín. 好。我把車停在那邊等您。 Okay. I’ll park the car over there and wait for you. * This exchange occurs on the C-1 tape only. ** This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only. [45] ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 11. chūzū qìchē 出租汽車 taxi (PRC) 12. láibují 來不及 can’t make it in time 13. qìchē 汽車 car, motor vehicle 14. zhème 這麽 so, to this extent, in this way 15. zènme 怎麽 so, to this extent, in this way Shànghǎi-made auto in Guǎngzhōu, 1978 [46] VOCABULARY bǎ 把 (prepositional verb which indicates the direct object) bié 別 don’t bú yòng 不用 no need to chūzū qìchē 出租汽車 taxi (PRC) fàng 放 to put huǒchēzhàn 火車站 train station -jiàn 件 (counter for items or articles such as suitcases and clothing) jìchéngchē 計程車 taxi (Taipei) kāi 開 to drive (a vehicle) kuài 快 to be fast láibují 來不及 can’t make it in time láidejí 來得及 can make it in time màn 慢 to be slow nàme 那麽 so, to that extent, in that way qìchē 汽車 car, motor vehicle shíjiān 時間 time tíng 停 to stop, to park xíngli (yíjiàn) 行李 luggage, suitcase yíxià 一下 a short amount of time zènme 怎麽 so, to this extent, in this way zhème 這麽 so, to this extent, in this way (introduced on C-2 tape) chī fàn 吃飯 to have a meal jìnliàng 盡量 to exert all one’s effort, to do one’s best to Lǎo (name) 老 Old (name) [familiar nickname for an older person among close friends] mótuōchē 摩托車 motorcycle náchuqu 拿出去 to take (something) out sòng 送 to see someone off, to escort someone to a train station, airport, bus depot, or pier (introduced in Communication Game) Zhèng hǎo. 正好 Right on time. [48] REFERENCE NOTES 1. A: Ài, jìchéngchē! 哎，計程車！ Hey, taxi! B: Ní dào náli? 你到哪兒？ Where are you going? A: Dào huǒchēzhàn. 到火車站。 To the train station. Note on No. 1 Nǐ dào náli? This expression, like the English “Where to?” is not a full sentence. The taxi driver is using a shortened form of Nǐ dào náli qù? 2. *B: Zhǐ yǒu zhè yíjiàn xíngli ma? 只有這一件行李嗎？ Is there only this one piece of luggage? A: Shì. 是。 Yes. 3. B: Wǒ bǎ xíngli fàng zai qiánbian. 我把行李放在前邊。 I’ll put the suitcase in front. Notes on Nos. 2-3 Zhè yíjiàn xíngli: -jiàn is the counter for xíngli. Bǎ is a prepositional verb which often cannot be directly translated into English. Originally, as a full verb, bǎ meant “to hold something with one’s hands.” Today bǎ is usually used as a prepositional verb which brings the direct object to the front of the sentence, before the main verb. In some cases, bǎ may be translated as “take.” Tā bǎ zhèiběn shū fàng zai zhuōzishang. 他把這本書放在桌子上。 He put the book on the table. (He took the book and put it on the table.) But, in many cases, the meaning of “take” does not correspond to the function of bǎ in the sentence. Bǎ may be used with many types of objects, concrete and abstract. As a prepositional verb, bǎ shows that its object (the noun which follows) is the direct object in the sentence, even though it does not follow the main verb. Tā mài tāde qìchē le. 他賣他的汽車了。 Tā bǎ tāde qìchē mài le. 他把他的汽車賣了 He sold his car. The next questions are “Why use bǎ?” and “When is bǎ used?” On the next page are some basic rules for using bǎ. [49] a. The object in a bǎ phrase must be a particular known thing. This rule follows the general pattern in Chinese of an object preceding the verb, in topic position or in a bǎ phrase, being specific.* The object in a bǎ phrase should be translated by the English definite article “the” or by other words that indicate definiteness, such as “that” and “my.” *An object which follows the verb is nonspecific unless marked as specific with zhèi or nèi. Ní yǒu xíngli ma? 你有行李嗎？ Do you have any luggage? Yǒu. Zhǐ yǒu zhè yíjiàn. 有。只有這一件。 Yes. I have only this one piece. Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ xíngli fàngzai qiánbian. 好。我把行李放在前邊。 Okay. I will put the suitcase in front. b. The object of a bǎ phrase must be at the disposal of the subject before the action begins. Thus the object of kànjian, “to see,” cannot be used with bǎ, nor can the object of mǎi, “to buy.” Wǒ mǎile nèiběn shū. 我買了那本書。 I bought the book. Wǒ bǎ nèiběn shū mài le. 我把那本書賣了。 I sold the book. c. Fàng zai qiánbian: The verb in a bǎ sentence is usually a transitive ACTION verb. An action verb refers to an activity that can be done voluntarily, either physically (mài, “to sell”) or mentally (niàn, “to study”). Contrast this with a state verb, which refers to a quality or condition that the subject has no control over. For instance, you can decide to study or to learn something, so xué is an action verb. But you cannot decide to know something, so zhīdao is a state verb. Although some state verbs, like zhīdao and xǐhuan, are transitive, the objects of these verbs cannot be put in a bǎ phrase because these verbs are not action verbs. d. A bǎ sentence does not end with only a verb of one syllable. Either the verb has several syllables or a phrase follows the verb. In the final sentence of exchange 3, the action verb fàng is followed by zai and the destination qiánbian. 4. A: Nǐ kāide tài kuài le! 你開得太快了！ You are driving too fast! Notes on No. 4 -de: To describe how action is performed, the marker -de is added to the verb describing the action, and that verb is followed by an adjectival verb which expresses the MANNER in which the action takes place. [50] Cultural information: Taxi drivers are not offended by comments about their driving such as the exclamation in exchange 4. If ignored, a request to slow down should be repeated. 5. C: Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài. 他開車，開得不快。 He doesn’t drive fast. Notes on No. 5 Verb, object, and the description of manner: If an action verb with a direct object is to be described in terms of how the action is done, use the following pattern. Tā shuō Zhōngguo huà shuō -de tài/hěn/bú man. 他 説 中國話 説得 太/很/不 慢 (he speak Chinese speak too/very/not slow) “He speaks Chinese too/very/not slowly.” Notice that the main verb and direct object occur first; then the main verb is repeated, followed by -de and the description of manner. Compare the pattern above with the pattern you learned in the Biographic Information Module, Unit 8: Wo niàn Yīngwén niànle liùnián, “I studied English for six years.” The main verb is repeated when BOTH the direct object and a duration phrase or a description of manner MUST follow the verb directly. In such a case, Chinese handles this post-verb “traffic jam” by making a topic out of the more general information (what is being done): the verb and direct object. The more specific information about how the action is done becomes the comment. A literal translation of the pattern example above is “As for (the way) he speaks Chinese, (he) speaks too/very/not slowly.” A special point to observe: In English, we may say “He doesn’t speak Chinese slowly,” putting the negative word before “speak.” In Chinese, the negation must be placed directly in front of the word that is referred to (in the example, man, “slow”—not saying that he doesn’t speak, but saying that his speech is not slow). Linguists have pointed out the potentially comical effect of using English word order for sentences in Chinese with manner descriptions. [51] If you were to use English word order to say “I can’t speak Chinese very well,” Wǒ bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huà hěn hào, your sentence would mean, literally, “(The fact that) I can’t speak Chinese is very good.” The right way to say “I can’t speak Chinese very well” is Wǒ shuō Zhōngguo huà shuōde bú tài hǎo. 6. A: Wǒmen yǒu shíjiān, láidejí. 我們有時間，來得及。 We have time. We can make it in time. 7. A: Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi. 輕慢一點開。 Please drive a little slower. Notes on Nos. 6-7 Shíjiān: You now know two words for “time”: shíhou and shíjiān. Shíjiān is used for an amount of time. Shíhou is usually used for a point or period in time when something happens. Láidejí is an idiom meaning “able to make it on time [to do some- thing].” The negative, “not able to make it on time,” is láibují. (See the Meeting Module for additional discussion of such idioms.) Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi, “Please drive a little slower”: In the notes on exchange 5, yǒu learned a pattern for describing manner: verb + -de + adjectival verb. In this sentence, however, the adjectival verb màn + yìdiǎn precede the verb kāi. When the adjectival verbs màn, kuài, zǎo, and wǎn are followed by yìdiǎn, the phrases thus formed may either precede or follow the verb of the sentence. Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi. 輕慢一點開。 Qǐng kāi màn yìdiǎn. 請開慢一點。 Please drive a little slower. Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn kāi. 請快一點開。 Qǐng kāi kuài yìdiǎn. 請開快一點。 Please drive a little faster. Qǐng ni zǎo yìdiǎn lái. 請你早一點來。 Qǐng ni lái zǎo yìdiǎn. 請你來早一點。 Please come a little earlier. Qǐng ni wǎn yìdiǎn lái. 請你晚一點來。 Qǐng ni lái wǎn yìdiǎn. 請你來晚一點。 Please come a little later. Many adjectival verbs + yìdiǎn must follow the sentence verb. Xiě xiǎo yìdiǎn. 些小一點。 Write it a little smaller. Xiě dà yìdiǎn. 寫大一點。 Write it a little bigger. Zuò hǎo yìdiǎn. 做好一點。 Do it a little better. The marker -de is optional, and usually omitted, before adjectival verb + yìdiǎn phrases. [52] 8. A: Bié kāi nàme kuài! 別開那麽快！ Don’t drive so fast! Note on No. 8 Here you see a third way to describe the performance of an action. First, you saw a straight description: Nǐ kāide tài kuài le! 你開得太快了！ You are driving too fast! OR Tā niàn shū niànde bú cuò. 她念書念得不錯。 She is doing pretty well in her studies. Then, you saw a command in which an adjectival verb + yìdiǎn phrase could be placed either before or after the main sentence verb: Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi. 請慢一點開。 Qǐng kāi màn yìdiǎn. 請開慢一點。 Please drive a little slower. Now, in Bié kāi nàme kuài, you see a negative command. The modifying adjectival verb follows the main verb. The marker -de is optional, and usually omitted, as long as the adjectival verb is preceded by name or zhème (zènme). Bié zǒu nàme màn le! 別走那麽慢了！ Quit walking so slowly! Bié qǐlai zènme wǎn! 別起來那麽晚！ Don’t get up so late! Nǐ zǒu nàme màn, zánmen jiu láibují le! 你走那麽慢，咱們就來不及了。 If you walk so slowly, we won’t make it in time! 9. B: Zhè shi nínde xíngli. 這是您的行李。 Here is your suitcase. A: Xièxie. Duōshao qián? 謝謝，多少錢？ Thank you. How much is it [the fare]? B: Èrshiqīkuài. 二十七塊。 Twenty-seven dollars. A: Zhè shi sānshikuài, bú yòng zhǎo le. 這是三十塊，不用找了。 Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change. (literally, “No need to give me change.”) Notes on No. 9 Èrshiqīkuài: This money phrase does not contain the word qián because the counter kuài can stand alone if the reference could clearly be only to money. Other counters for money, such as máo and fēn, usually require the addition of qián. [53] Bú yòng zhǎo le: Bú yòng is an idiom meaning “no need to.” A more literal translation of the sentence is “No need to give me change.” Nǐ bú yòng kāi nàme kuài would be translated as “There’s no need for you to drive that fast.”* *The literal meaning of the verb yòng is “to use.” 10. A: Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínháng tíng yíxià. 請你在前邊那個銀行停一下。 Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment. B: Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ chē tíng zai nèibian děng nín. 好。我把車停在那邊等您。 Okay. I’ll park the car over there and wait for you. Note on No. 10 Yíxià, “awhile,” is used to indicate a short, indefinite amount of time. The use of this word communicates indefiniteness, just as reduplicating the verb would have done (tíngyitíng). The first speaker in this exchange does not commit himself to an exact length of time. [54] DRILLS A. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Nǐ kāide tài kuài le. 你開得太快了。 (You are driving too fast.) (cue) chē 車 You: Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le. 你開車開得太快了。 (You are driving too fast.) 2. Tā tíngde tài kuài le. 他停得太快了。 chē 車 Tā tíng chē tíngde tài kuài le. 他停車停得太快了。 3. Nǐ kànde tài màn le. 你看得太慢了。 shū 書 Nǐ kàn shū kànde tài màn le. 你看書看得太慢了。 4. Tā shuōde tài kuài le. 他説得太快了。 Yīngwén 英文 Tā shuō Yīngwén shuode tài kuài le. 他説英文説得太快了。 5. Nǐ xuéde tài màn le. 你學得太慢了。 Zhōngwén 中文 Nǐ xué Zhongwén xuéde tài màn le. 你學中文學得太慢了。 6. Tā niànde tài kuài le. 他念得太快了。 zhèngzhixué 政治學 Tā niàn zhèngzhixué niànde tài kuài le. 他念政治學念得太快了。 7. Nǐ kànde tài màn le. 你看德太慢了。 bào 報 Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le. 你看報看德太慢了。 B. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Qǐng ni màn kāi. 請你慢開。 (Please drive slowly.) You: Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi. 請你慢一點開。 (Please drive a little slower.) 2. Qǐng ni màn zǒu. 請你慢走。 Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn zǒu. 請你慢一點走。 3. Qǐng ni màn shuō. 請你慢説。 Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn shuō. 請你慢一點説。 4. Qǐng ni kuài shuō. 請你快説。 Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn shuō. 請你快一點説。 5. Qǐng ni màn xià chē. 請你慢下車。 Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn xià chē. 請你慢一點下車。 6. Qǐng ni kuài qù. 請你快去。 Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn qù. 請你快一點去。 7. Qǐng ni kuài shàng chē. 請你快上車。 Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn shàng chē. 請你快一點上車。 [55] C. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Nǐ kāi chē, kāide tài kuài le. 你開車，開得太快樂。 (You are driving too fast.) You: Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le. Qǐng nǐ màn yìdiǎn kāi. 你開車，開得太快樂。請你慢一點開。 (You are driving too fast. Please drive a little slower.) 2. Nǐ kàn shū, kànde tài màn le. 你看書，看得太慢了。 Nǐ kàn shū, kànde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn kàn. 你看書，看得太慢了。請你快一點看。 3. Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le. 你看報看得太慢了。 Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn kàn. 你看報看得太慢了。請你快一點看。 4. Nǐ shuō Yīngwén shuōde tài kuài le. 你説英文説得太快了。 Nǐ shuō Yīngwén shuōde tài kuài le. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn shuō. 你説英文説得太快了。請你慢一點説。 5. Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le. 你開車開得太快了。 Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi. 你開車開得太快了。請你慢一點開。 6. Nǐ mài piào màide tài màn le. 你賣票賣得太慢了。 Nǐ mài piào màide tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn mài. 你賣票賣得太慢了。請你快一點賣。 7. Nǐ shuō Zhōngwén shuōde tài màn le. 你説中文説得太慢了。 Nǐ shuō Zhōngwén shuōde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiǎn shuō. 你説中文説得太慢了。請你快一點説。 D. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒmen yǒu shífēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? 我們有十分鐘，來得及來不及？ (We have ten minutes. Can we make it in time?) (cue) tài yuǎn 太遠 You: Tài yuǎn. Jiù yǒu shífēn zhōng, láibují. 太遠。就有十分鐘，來不及。 (It’s too far. [If] we have only ten minutes, we can’t make it in time.) OR Wǒmen yǒu shífēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? 我們有十分鐘，來得及來不及？ (We have ten minutes. Can we make it in time?) (cue) hěn jìn 很近 Hěn jìn. Yǒu shífēn zhōng, láidejí. 很近。有十分鐘，來得及。 (It’s very near. [If] we have ten minutes, we can make it in time.) 2. Wǒmen yǒu sānshifēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? 我們有三十分鐘，來得及來不及？ tài yuǎn 太遠 Tài yuǎn. Jiù yǒu sānshifēn zhōng, láibují. 太遠。就有三十分鐘，來不及。 3. Wǒmen yǒu èrshifēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? 我們有二十分鐘，來得及來不及？ hěn jìn 很近 Hěn jìn. You èrshifēn zhōng, láidejí. 很近。有二十分鐘，來得及。 [56] 4. Wǒmen yǒu shíwǔfēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? 我們有十五分鐘，來得及來不及？ tài yuǎn 太遠 Tài yuǎn. Jiù yǒu shíwǔfēn zhōng, láibují. 太遠。就有十五分鐘，來不及。 5. Wǒmen yōu shífēn zhōng, láidejí láibují? 我們有十分鐘，來得及來不及？ hěn jìn 很近 Hěn jìn. You shífēn zhōng, láidejí. 很近。有十分鐘，來得及。 6. Wǒmen yǒu èrshifēn zhong, láidejí láibují? 我們有二十分鐘，來得及來不及？ tài yuǎn 太遠 Tài yuǎn. Jiù yǒu èrshifēn zhōng, láibují. 太遠。就有二十分鐘，來不及。 E. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi. 請慢一點開。 (Please drive a little slower.) You: Bié kāi zhème kuài! 別開這麽快！ (Don’t drive so fast!) 2. Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn zǒu. 請快一點走。 Bié zǒu zhème màn! 別走這麽慢！ 3. Qǐng màn yìdiǎn shuō. 請慢一點説。 Bié shuō zhème kuài! 別走這麽快！ 4. Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn kāi. 請快一點開。 Bié kāi zhème màn! 別開這麽慢！ 5. Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn kàn. 請快一點看。 Bié kàn zhème màn! 別看這麽慢！ 6. Qǐng màn yìdiǎn shuō. 請慢一點説。 Bié shuō zhème kuài! 別走這麽快！ 7. Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn zǒu. 請快一點走。 Bié zǒu zhème màn! 別走這麽慢！ F. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒmen láidejí. 我們來得及。 (We can make it in time.) (cue) qǐng 請 You: Wǒmen láidejí. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi. 我們來得及。請你慢一點開。 (We can make it in time. Please drive a little slower.) OR Wǒmen láidejí. 我們來得及。 (cue) bié 別 Wǒmen láidejí. Bié kāi nàme kuài! 我們來得及。別開那麽快！ (We can make it in time. Don’t drive so fast!) 2. Wǒmen yōu shíjiān. 我們有時間。 qǐng 請 Wǒmen yǒu shíjiān. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi. 我們有時間。請你慢一點開。 [57] 3. Wǒmen yǒu shíjiān. 我們有時間。 bié 別 Wǒmen yǒu shíjiān. Bié kāi nàme kuài! 我們來得及。別開那麽快！ 4. Wǒmen láidejí. 我們來得及。 qǐng 請 Wǒmen láidejí. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi. 我們來得及。請你慢一點開。 5. Wǒmen láidejí. 我們來得及。 bié 別 Wǒmen láidejí. Bié kāi nàme kuài! 我們來得及。別開那麽快！ 6. Wǒmen yǒu shíjiān. 我們有時間。 qǐng 請 Wǒmen yǒu shíjiān. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi. 我們來得及。請你慢一點開。 G. Response Drill 1. Speaker： Èrshiqīkuài. 二十七塊。 (Twenty-seven dollars.) (cue) bù 不 You： Zhè shi sānshikuài. Bú yòng zhǎo le. 這是三十塊。不用找了。 (Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change.) OR Èrshiqīkuài. (Twenty-seven dollars.) (cue) sān 三 Zhè shi sānshikuài. Qǐng ni zhǎo sānkuài qián. 這是三十塊。請你找三塊錢。 (Here’s thirty dollars. Please give me three dollars [in] change.) 2. Èrshiliù kuài. 二十六塊。 bù 不 Zhè shi sānshikuài. Bú yòng zhǎo le. 這是三十塊。不用找了。 3. Èrshi kuài. 二十塊。 shí 十 Zhè shi sānshikuài. Qǐng ni zhǎo shíkuài qiān. 這是三十塊。請你找十塊錢。 4. Èrshiwǔ kuài. 二十五塊 bù 不 Zhè shi sānshikuài. Bú yòng zhǎo le. 這是三十塊。不用找了。 5. Èrshiyī kuài. 二十一塊。 jiǔ 九 Zhè shi sānshikuài. Qǐng ni zhǎo jiukuài qián. 這是三十塊。請你找九塊錢。 6. Èrshibā kuài. 二十八塊。 bù 不 Zhè shi sānshikuài. Bú yòng zhǎo le. 這是三十塊。不用找了。 [57] TRN, Unit 3 H. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Qǐng ni tíng yíxià. 請你停一下。 (Please stop for a moment.) (cue) yínháng 銀行 You： Qǐng ni zài nèige yínháng tíng yíxià. 請你在銀行停一下。 (Please stop at that bank for a moment.) 2. Qǐng ni tíng yíxià. 請你停一下。 càishichǎng 菜市場 Qǐng ni zài nèige càishichǎng tíng yíxià. 請你在那個菜市場停一下。 3. Qǐng ni tíng yíxià. 請你停一下。 diànyǐngyuàn 電影院 Qǐng ni zài nèige diànyǐngyuàn tíng yíxià. 請你在那個電影院停一下。 4. Qǐng ni tíng yíxià. 請你停一下。 shūdiàn 書店 Qing ni zài nèige shūdiàn tíng yíxià. 請你在那個書店停一下。 5. Qǐng ni tíng yíxià. 請你停一下。 xuéxiào 學校 Qǐng ni zài nèige xuéxiào tíng yíxià. 請你在那個學校停一下。 6. Qǐng ni tíng yíxià. 請你停一下。 fàndiàn 飯店 Qǐng ni zài nèige fàndiàn tíng yíxià. 請你在那個銀行停一下。 7. Qǐng ni tíng yíxià. 請你停一下。 yínháng 銀行 Qǐng ni zài nèige yínháng tíng yíxià. 請你在那個銀行停一下。 [58] UNIT 4 REFERENCE LIST (in Taipei) 1. A: Wo xiǎng qù Táinán wán jitiān. 我想去臺南玩幾天。 I’m thinking of going to Táinán to relax for a few days. 2. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng?* 坐公路局行不行？ Would it be all right to take the bus? B: Dào Táinán qù zuò Gōnglùjú bú dà fāngbian. 到臺南去坐公路局不大方便。 To go to Táinán, it’s not very convenient to take the bus. 3. C: Shì zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne? 是坐火車去好呢，還是坐公路局好呢？ Is it better to go by train or to go by bus? D: Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo. 坐火車去好。 It’s better to go by train. 4. E: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne? 你説是坐火車去好呢，還是坐公路局好呢？ Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus? F: Dào Táinán zuò huǒchē zuì fāngbian. 到臺南坐火車最方便。 To Táinán, it’s most convenient to take the train. 5. A: Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 得先買票嗎？ Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time? B: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqián qù mǎi piào. 你最好兩三天以前去買票。 It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time. 6. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú yě děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 坐公路局也得先買票嗎？ If I take the bus, is it also necessary to buy tickets ahead of time? B: Bú bì xiān mǎi piào. 不必先買票。 It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time. 7. B: Nǐ yào zuò shěnme shíhoude chē? 你要坐什麽時候的車？ What train do you want to take? A: Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē. 我要坐上午的車。 I want to take a morning train. 8. B: Duìbuqǐ, shàngwǔde piào dōu màiwán le. 對不起，上午票都賣完了。 I’m sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out. *The speakers on tape always say zuò Gōnglùjúde chē for what is written here as zuò Gōnglùjú. Both expressions are acceptable. (See notes on No. 2.) [60] ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 9. chuán 船 boat, ship 10. dìtiě 地鐵 subway (abbreviation for dìxià tiědào) 11. dìxià huǒchē 地下火車 underground train, subway 12. wán (wánr) 玩 (玩兒) to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself 13. -wán 完 to be finished (occurs in compound verbs of result) [61] VOCABULARY bú bì 不必 not necessary, don’t have to chuán 船 boat, ship dìtiě 地鐵 subway (abbreviation for dìxià tiedào) dìxià huǒchē 地下火車 underground train, subway fāngbian 方便 to be convenient Gōnglùjú 公路局 Bureau of Highways (Taiwan) huǒchē 火車 train liǎngsān- 兩三 two or three màiwán le 賣完了 to be sold out wán (wánr) 玩 (玩兒) to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself -wán 完 to be finished (occurs in compound verbs of result) xiān 先 ahead of time, beforehand zuì hǎo 最好 it would be best to (introduced on C-2 tape) huá chuán 划船 to row a boat sàn bù 散步 to take a walk shān hill, mountain shuǐ 水 rivers, lakes (literally, “water”) yóuyǒng 游泳 to swim [62] REFERENCE NOTES 1. A: Wo xiǎng qù Táinán wán jitiān. 我想去臺南玩幾天。 I’m thinking of going to Táinán to relax for a few days. Note on No. 1 The basic meaning of the verb wán is “to play.” It is often best translated into English as “to relax,” “to enjoy oneself.” 2. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng? 坐公路局行不行？ Would it be all right to take the bus? B: Dào Táinán qù zuò Gōnglùjú bú dà fāngbian. 到臺南去坐公路局不大方便。 To go to Táinán, it’s not very convenient to take the bus. Notes on No. 2 Gōnglùjú, “the Bureau of Highways” in Taiwan, is the agency which administers the island’s intercity bus system. The phrase zuò Gōnglùjú means “to take a Bureau of Highways bus.” This phrasing is analogous to “I’m going by Greyhound.” In talking about the buses themselves, you would have to say Gōnglùjúde chē, “the buses of the Bureau of Highways”: Gōnglùjúde chē hěn shūfu. 公路局的車很舒服。 The buses of the Bureau of Highways are very comfortable. (shūfu, “to be comfortable”) Sentences containing both dào and zuò phrases: The zuò phrase usually comes first in a sentence with both a prepositional phrase expressing destination (dào...) and a prepositional phrase expressing means of conveyance (zuò...). However, if the destination is being stressed, the dào phrase may be placed at the beginning of the sentence, in the topic position. (See the second sentence in exchange 2.) Tā měitiān zuò gōnggòng qìchē dào xuéxiào lái. 他每天坐公共汽車到學校來。 He rides the bus to school every day. Dào yínháng qù, tā bú zuò gōnggòng qìchē. Tā zǒu lù qu. 到銀行去，他不坐公共汽車。 她走路去。 To go to the bank, he doesn’t take the bus. He walks there, Bú dà might also be translated as “not too,” “not so.” [63] 3. C: Shì zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne? 是坐火車去好呢，還是坐公路局好呢？ Is it better to go by train or to go by bus? D: Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo. 坐火車去好。 Notes on No. 3 Shi...háishi: In a choice-type question, shi and háishi serve to mark off the choices more clearly. Below are some of the most common ways of asking the question “Do you want the red one or the yellow one?” Nǐ yào hóngde, háishi yào huángde? (PREFERRED FORMS) 你要紅的，還是要黃的？ Nǐ shi yào hóngde, háishi yào huángde? 你是要紅的，還是要黃的？ Nǐ yào hóngde, huángde? (FAMILIAR, VERY COLLOQUIAL; NO PAUSE AT COMMA) 你要紅的，黃的？ Nǐ shi yào hóngde, shi yào huángde? (LEAST PREFERRED; shi UNSTRESSED HERE) 你是要紅的，是要黃的？ The marker ne clarifies the choices in a choice-type question. Ne may be placed after one or the other choice or after both choices. Nǐ jīntiān qù ne, háishi míngtiān qù? 你今天去呢，還是明天去？ Are yǒu going today or tomorrow? Nǐ jīntiān qù, háishi míngtiān qù ne? 你今天去，還是明天去呢？ Nǐ jīntiān qù ne, shi míngtiān qù ne? (COMMUNICATES GENUINE PERPLEXITY) . 你今天去呢，是明天去呢？ Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo: Here a whole phrase, which could also be a sentence, is used as the subject of the sentence. Zuò huǒchē qù hǎo. 坐 火車 去 好 (ride train go good) Hǎo is translated here as “better,” not as “good.” Adjectival verbs used alone (i.e., not modified by words such as hěn and tài) usually express comparison. Něige xuésheng hǎo? 哪個學生好？ Which student is better? Shéi kuài? 誰快？ Who is faster? [64] 4. E: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne? 你説是坐火車去好呢，還是坐公路局好呢？ Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus? F: Dào Táinán zuò huǒchē zuì fāngbian. 到臺南坐火車最方便。 To Táinán, it’s most convenient to take the train. Note on No. 4 When nǐ shuō begins a question, the phrase is translated as “would you say” or “do you think.” 5. A: Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 得先買票嗎？ Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time? B: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqián qù mǎi piào. 你最好兩三天以前去買票。 It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time. Notes on No. 5 The adverb xiān may sometimes be translated as “ahead of time,” “beforehand.” Zuì hǎo, “best,” acts as an adverb in exchange 5, coming after the subject nǐ in the second sentence. Zuì hǎo is used to offer advice politely, not to warn a person that he had “better” or “best” do something. Liǎngsāntiān: When approximate amounts, such as “two or three,” are given in Chinese, the numbers are read together, with no equivalent of “or.” This system is also used when two words are combined to indicate an approximate date. sìwǔge rén 四五個人 four or five people mínghòutiān 明後天 tomorrow or the day after Qībāyuè 七八月 July or August Liǎngsāntiān yǐqián: For “ahead of time,” “in advance,” yǐqián is used (instead of xiān) when the amount of time is stated. Yǐqián follows the word indicating the amount of time. Nǐ děi xiān qù mǎi piào. 你得先去買票。 You have to go ahead of time to buy tickets. Nǐ děi liǎngsāntiān yǐqián qù mǎi piào. 你得兩三天以前去買票。 You have to go two or three days ahead of time to buy tickets. [65] 6. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú yě děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 坐公路局也得先買票嗎？ If I take the bus, is it also necessary to buy tickets ahead of time? B: Bú bì xiān mǎi piào. 不必先買票。 It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time. Notes on No. 6 Zuò Gōnglùjú, “if I take the bus”: The beginning of the first sentence in exchange 6 is translated with an “if” in English. Literally, the Chinese sentence is “Take the bus, also have to beforehand buy tickets?” In a sense the “if” part of the sentence is a kind of topic in Chinese, providing the setting for the second part of the sentence. In Chinese, the setting or condition can often be put in the topic position. In English, a particular word must be used to clarify the relationship of the first part of the sentence to the second part. Zuò Gōnglùjú,.... If I take the bus,.... When one takes the bus,.... For taking the bus,.... To take the bus,.... Bú bì, “not necessary,” “don’t have to,” is the phrase to use as the negative of the auxiliary děi, “must,” “have to.” Děi cannot be made negative.* *“Must not” as in “You must not go” can be translated as bù néng: Nǐ bù néng qù. 7. B: Nǐ yào zuò shěnme shíhoude chē? 你要坐什麽時候的車？ What train do you want to take? A: Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē. 我要坐上午的車。 I want to take a morning train. Note on No. 7 Shénme shíhoude chē has been translated simply as “what train.” More literally, the phrase means “a train (arriving at) what time.” [66] 8. B: Duìbuqǐ, shàngwǔde piào dōu màiwán le. 對不起，上午票都賣完了。 I’m sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out. Notes on No. 8 Wán, “to end,” ”to be over,” cannot take a direct object. Wánle ma? 完了嗎？ Is it over? Wánle meiyou? 玩了沒有？ Is it over yet? Hái méi wán ne. 還沒完呢？ It isn’t over yet. By itself, the expression Wán le! means “That’s all,” “There’s no more,” or “That’s it!” People often end speeches and recordings with Wán le! Màiwán le, “to be sold out,” literally “sell finished”: Here is another example of a compound verb of result.* Compound verbs of result communicate both the action being performed and its result. In compound verbs of result, the first verb indicates the action; and the second, the result. Not every action verb is used in compound verbs of result, nor are verbs indicating the result always predictable. *In DIR, Unit U, yǒu learned kànjian, “to see,” literally “look-perceive.” All examples which have been presented in this and previous modules occur with completion le. When -wán is used as an ending, it indicates finishing, as in Wǒ hái méi shuōwán, “I haven’t finished speaking yet,” or depletion, as in màiwán le, “sold out,” and yòngwán le, “used up.” In English, you might Just say “finished,” without indicating what you have finished doing. In Chinese, the action which has been finished is usually mentioned. Wǒ chīwán le. 我吃完了。 I have finished eating. Wǒ huàwán le. 我畫完了。 I have finished drawing. Wǒ kànwán le. 我看完了。 I have finished reading. Wǒ hái méi shuōwán ne. 我還沒説完呢。 I have not finished talking yet. Tā hái méi zuòwán ne. 他還沒做完呢。 He has not finished (doing something) yet. [67] DRILLS A. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Nǐ qù náli? 你去哪裏？ (Where are yǒu going?) (cue) Táinán 臺南 You: Wǒ xiǎng qù Táinán wán jitiān. 我想去臺南玩幾天。 (I’m thinking of going to Táinán to relax for a few days.) 2. Nǐ qù náli? 你去哪裏？ Xīnzhú 新竹 Wǒ xiǎng qù Xīnzhú wán jitiān. 我想去新竹玩幾天。 3. Nǐ qù náli? 你去哪裏？ Jiāyì 嘉義 Wǒ xiǎng qù Jiāyì wán jitiān. 我想去嘉義玩幾天。 4. Nǐ qù náli? 你去哪裏？ Gāoxióng 高雄 Wǒ xiǎng qù Gāoxióng wán jitiān. 我想去高雄玩幾天。 5. Nǐ qù náli? 你去哪裏？ Huālián 花蓮 Wǒ xiǎng qù Huālián wán jitiān. 我想去花蓮玩幾天。 6. Nǐ qù náli? 你去哪裏？ Táidōng 臺東 Wǒ xiǎng qù Táidōng wán jitiān. 我想去臺東玩幾天。 7. Nǐ qù náli? 你去哪裏？ Táiběi 臺北 Wǒ xiǎng qù Táiběi wán jitiān. 我想去臺北玩幾天。 B. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Zuò Gōnglùjú. 坐公路局 (Take the bus.) (cue) Táinán 臺南 You: Dào Táinán qù zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng? 到臺南去坐公路局行不行？ (To go to Táinán, would it be all right to take the bus?) 2. Zuò huǒchē. 坐火車 Jiāyì 嘉義 Dào Jiāyì qù zuò huǒchē xíng bu xíng? 到嘉義去坐坐火車行不行？ 3. Zuò zhídáchē. 坐直達車 Gāoxióng 高雄 Dào Gāoxióng qù zuò zhídáchē xíng bu xíng? 到高雄去坐坐直達車行不行？ 4. Zuò jìchéngchē. 坐計程車 Táidōng 臺東 Dào Táidōng qù zuò jìchéngchē xíng bu xíng? 到臺東去坐坐計程車行不行？ 5. Zuò huǒchē. 坐火車 Huālián 花蓮 Dào Huālián qù zuò huǒchē xíng bu xíng? 到花蓮去坐坐火車行不行？ 6. Zuò jìchéngchē 坐計程車 Jīlóng 基隆 Dào Jīlóng qù zuò jìchéngchē xíng bu xíng? 到基隆去坐坐計程車行不行？ 7. Zuò Gōnglùjú. 坐公路局 Táizhōng 臺中 Dào Táizhōng qù zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng? 到臺中去坐公路局行不行？ [68] C. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng bu xíng? 坐公共汽車行不行？ (Would it be all right to take the bus?) (cue) kěshi bú dà 可是不大 You: Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng, kěshi bú dà fāngbian. 坐公共汽車行，可是不大方便。 (It would be all right to take the bus, but it’s not very convenient.) OR Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng bu xíng? 坐公共汽車行不行？ (Would it be all right to take the bus?) (cue) zuì 最 Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng, zuì fāngbian. 坐公共汽車行，最方便。 (It would be all right to take the bus; it’s most convenient.) 2. Zuò huǒchē xíng bu xíng? 坐火車行不行？ kěshi bú dà 可是不大 Zuò huǒchē xíng, kěshi bú dà fāngbian. 坐火車行，可是不大方便。 3. Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng bu xíng? 坐公路局行不行？ zuì 最 Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng, zuì fāngbian. 坐公路局行，最方便。 4. Zuò jìchéngchē xíng bu xíng? 坐計程車行不行？ zuì 最 Zuò jìchéngchē xíng, zuì fāngbian. 坐計程車行，最方便。 5. Zuò Sānlù chē xíng bu xíng? 坐三路車行不行？ kěshi bú dà 可是不大 Zuò Sānlù chē xíng, kěshi bú dà fāngbian. 坐三路車行，可是不大方便。 6. Zuò Wǔlù chē xíng bu xíng? 坐五路車行不行？ zuì 最 Zuò Wǔlù chē xíng, zuì fāngbian. 坐五路車行，最方便。 D. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Zuò huǒchē hǎo bu hǎo? 坐火車好不好？ (Is it all right to take the train?) (cue) Gōnglùjú 公路局 You: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne? 你説是坐火車去好呢，還是坐公路局去好不呢？ (Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?) 2. Jīntiān qù hǎo bu hǎo? 今天去好不好？ míngtiān 明天 Nǐ shuō, jīntiān qù hǎo ne, háishi míngtiān qù hǎo ne? 你説，今天去好呢，還是明天去好呢？ 3. Zuò Gōnglùjú hǎo bu hǎo? 坐公路局好不好？ jìchéngchē 計程車 Nǐ shuō shi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò jìchéngchē qu hǎo ne? 你説是坐公路局去好呢，還是坐計程車去好呢？ 4. Míngtiān qù hǎo bu hǎo? 明天去好不好？ hòutiān 後天 Nǐ shuō, míngtiān qù hǎo ne, háishi hòutiān qù hǎo ne? 你説，明天去好呢，還是後天去好呢？ 5. Zuò huǒchē hǎo bu hǎo? 坐火車好不好？ qìchē 汽車 Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò qìchē qu hǎo ne? 你説是坐火車去好呢，還是坐汽車去好呢？ [69] 6. Jīntiān qù hǎo hu hǎo? 今天去好不好？ míngtiān 明天 Nǐ shuō, jīntiān qù haǒ ne, háishi míngtiān qù hǎo ne? 你説，今天去好呢，還是明天去好呢？ 7. Zuò fēijī hǎo hu hǎo? 坐飛機好不好？ huǒchē 火車 Nǐ shuō shi zuò fēijī qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne? 你説是坐飛機去好呢，還是坐火車去好呢？ E. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 得先買票嗎？ (Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead, of time?) (cue) yes You: Dei xiān mǎi piào. 得先買票。 (It’s necessary to buy tickets ahead, of time.) OR Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 得先買票嗎？ (Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead, of time?) (cue) no Bú bì xiān mǎi piào. 不必先買票。 (it’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.) 2. Děi xiān niàn Zhōngguo lìshī ma? 得先念中國歷史嗎？ yes Děi xiān niàn Zhōngguo lìshī. 得先念中國歷史。 3. Děi xiān zuò Yílù chē ma? 得先坐一路車嗎？ no Bú bì xiān zuò Yílù chē. 不必先坐一路車。 4. Děi xiān dào Xīdān ma? 得先到西單嗎？ yes Děi xiān dào Xīdān. 得先到西單。 5. Děi xiān huàn qián ma? 得先還錢嗎？ no Bú bì xiān huàn qián. 不必先還錢。 6. Děi xiān qù kàn gēge ma? 得先去看哥哥嗎？ no Bú bì xiān qù kàn gēge. 不必先去看哥哥。 F. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 得先買票嗎？ (is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?) (cue) 2 or 3 days You: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqián mǎi piào. 你最好兩三天以前買票。 (It would be best for you to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.) OR Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 得先買票嗎？ (is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?) (cue) no Bú bì xiān mǎi piào. 不必先買票。 (it’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.) 2. Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 得先買票嗎？ 2 days Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngtiān yǐqián mǎi piào 你最好兩天以前買票。 [70] 3. Děi xiān huàn qián ma? 得先還錢嗎？ 4 or 5 days Nǐ zuì hǎo sìwǔtiān yǐqián huàn qián. 你最好四五天以前還錢。 4. Děi xiān qù kàn gēge ma? 得先去看哥哥嗎？ no Bú bì xiān qù kàn gēge. 不必先去看哥哥。 5. Děi xiān kàn zhèiběn shū ma? 得先看這本書嗎？ 3 days Nǐ zuì hǎo sāntiān yǐqián kàn zhèiběn shū. 你最好三天以前看這本書。 6. Děi xiān huàn qián ma? 得先還錢嗎？ no Bú bì xiān huàn qián. 不必先還錢。 G. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Nǐ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? 你要坐什麽時候的車？ (What train do you want to take?) (cue) shàngwǔ 上午 You: Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē. 我要坐上午的車。 (I want to take a morning train.) 2. Nǐ yào zuò jǐdiǎn zhōngde chē? 你要坐幾點鐘的車。 xiàwǔ 2:10 下午 2:10 Wǒ yào zuò xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn shífēnde chē. 我要坐下午兩點十分的車。 3. Nǐ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? 你要坐什麽時候的車？ wǎnshang 晚上 Wǒ yào zuò wǎnshangde chē. 我要坐晚上的車。 4. Nǐ yào zuò jǐdiǎn zhōngde chē? 你要坐幾點鐘的車。 zǎoshang 9:50 早上 9:50 Wǒ yào zuò zǎoshang jiǔdiǎn wǔshifēnde chē. 我要坐早上酒店五十分的車。 5. Nǐ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? 你要坐什麽時候的車？ shàngwǔ 上午 Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē. 我要坐上午的車。 6. Nǐ yào zuò jǐdiǎn zhōngde chē? 你要坐幾點鐘的車。 shàngwǔ 11:00 Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔ shíyīdiǎn sìshifēnde chē. 我要坐上午十一點四十分的車。 7. Nǐ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? 你要坐什麽時候的車？ xiàwǔ 下午 Wǒ yào zuò xiàwǔde chē. 我要坐下午的車。 [71] H. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker： Qǐngwèn, shàngwǔde chēpiào hái yǒu meiyou? 請問，上午的車票還有沒有？ (May I ask, are there still tickets for the morning train?) You: Qǐngwèn, shàngwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou? 請問，上午的車票都賣完了沒有？ (May I ask, are the tickets for the morning trains all sold out?) 2. Qǐngwèn, dào Táinán qùde chēpiào hái yǒu meiyou? 請問，到臺南去的車票還有沒有？ Qǐngwèn, dào Táinán qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou? 請問，到臺南去的車票都賣完了沒有？ 3. Qǐngwèn, míngtiān shàngwǔde chēpiào hái yǒu meiyou? 請問，明天上午的車票還有沒有？ Qǐngwèn, míngtiān shàngwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou? 請問，明天上午的車票都賣完了沒有？ 4. Qǐngwèn, dào Huālián qùde chēpiào hái yǒu meiyou? 請問，到花蓮去的車票還有沒有？ Qǐngwèn, dào Huālián qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou? 請問，到花蓮去的車票都賣完了沒有？ 5. Qǐngwèn, jǐntiān xiàwude chēpiào hái yǒu meiyou? 請問，今天下午的車票還有沒有？ Qǐngwèn, jīntiān xiàwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou? 請問，今天下午的車票都賣完了沒有？ 6. Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxióng qùde chēpiào hái yǒu meiyou? 請問，到高雄去的車票還有沒有？ Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxiong qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou? 請問，到高雄去的車票都賣完了沒有？ 7. Qǐngwèn, míngtiānde chēpiào hái yǒu meiyou? 請問，明天的車票還有沒有？ Qǐngwèn, míngtiānde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou? 請問，明天的車票都賣完了沒有？ [72] UNIT 5 REFERENCE LIST (in Běijīng) 1. A: Wo yě xiǎng dào Nánjīng qù kànkan. 我也想到南京去看看。 I would also like to go to Nánjīng to look around. B: Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù? 你計劃那天去？ What day do you plan to go? A: Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kéyi. 明天或是後天去都可以。 Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible. 2. A: Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu duō yuǎn? 上海離南京有多元。 How far is Shànghǎi from Nánjīng? B: Yǒu liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōnglǐ. 有兩百五十多公里。 It’s over 250 kilometers. 3. A: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou? 坐火車要走多少時候。 How long does it take to go by train? B: Dàgài yào zǒu sìge bàn xiǎoshí. 大概要走四個半小時。 It probably takes four and a half hours. 4. C: Yào zǒu bànge xiǎoshí. 要走半個小時。 It takes half an hour. 5. B: Nǐ jìhua zài Nánjīng zhù jǐtiān? 你計劃在南京住幾天？ How many days do you plan to stay in Nánjīng? A: Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐqián méi qùguo. Nǐ shuō liǎngtiān gòu bu gou? 這是我第一次到南京去。以前沒去過。你説兩天夠不夠？ This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. I haven’t gone there before. Would you say two days are enough? B: Liǎngtiān gòu le. 兩天夠了。 Two days are enough. 6. A: Měitiān yǒu jǐtàng chē? 每天有幾趟車？ How many trips are there each day? A: Xiàwǔ yǒu meiyou chē? 下午有沒有車？ Are there trains in the afternoon? A: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. 我希望下午離開這兒。 I hope to leave here in the afternoon. 7. *B: Shísǎndiǎn líng wǔfēn yǒu yìbān tèkuài. 十三點零五分有一班特快。 There’s an express at 1305. 8. **B: Shísǎndiǎn líng wǔfēn yǒu yítàng tèkuài. 十三點零五分有一趟特快。 There’s an express at 1305. *This exchange occurs on the C-1 tape only. **This exchange occurs on the P-1 tape only. [73] ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 9. dǎsuan 打算 to plan to 10. huòzhě (huòzhe) 或者 or (alternate form of huòshi) 11. yǐhòu 以後 afterwards, later on, in the future 12. zhōngtóu 鐘頭 hour (alternate word for xiǎoshí) Gate at Shenzhen, where people get off the train from Hong Kong, walk across a bridge into China (through the gate in photo), and board a train for Guǎngzhōu. Most of the people in the picture are Hong Kong residents on their way to visit relatives in Guǎngzhōu. [74] VOCABULARY bàn 半 half (followed by a counter or a noun which does not take a counter) -cì 次 occasion, time dàgài 大概 probably, approximately dǎsuàn (dǎsuan) 打算 to plan to dìyícì (dìyícì) 第一次 the first time -duō 多 over, more than gōnglǐ 公里 kilometer gòu 夠 to be enough huòshi 或是 or huòzhě (huòzhe) 或者 or jìhua 計劃 to plan to kànkan 看看 to see, to look around, to sight-see, to visit líkǎi 離開 to leave -tàng 趟 (counter for bus trips, train trips, etc.) tèkuài 特快 express train xiǎoshí 小時 hour xīwàng (xīwang) 希望 to hope yào 要 must, to have to; to take (a certain amount of time) yǐhòu 以後 afterwards, later on; in the future yǐqián 以前 before, in the past zhōngtóu 鐘頭 hour (introduced on C-2 tape) biéde dìfang 別的地方 other places (cf. biěrén, “other people”) cānguān 參觀 to visit as an observer duōshao hào 多少號 what size (shoe) gōngchǎng 工廠 factory juéding 決定 to decide yìshuāng píxié 一雙皮鞋 a pair of leather shoes yòu hǎo yòu piányi 又好又便宜 both good and inexpensive [75] REFERENCE NOTES 1. A: Wo yě xiǎng dào Nánjīng qù kànkan. 我也想到南京去看看。 I would also like to go to Nánjīng to look around. B: Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù? 你計劃那天去？ What day do you plan to go? A: Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kéyi. 明天或是後天去都可以。 Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible. Notes on No. 1 Kànkan, “to have a look”: In exchange 1, kànkan refers to doing some sight-seeing. The reduplicated verb form implies an indefinite amount of sight-seeing, best translated into English as “to have a look,” “to look around.” Huòshi (alternate, huòzhě) is used for “or” when both alternatives are acceptable or possible. Wǒ qù mǎi yìdiǎnr píjiǔ huòshi mǎi yìdiǎnr qìshuǐ. 我去買一點兒啤酒或是後天來看你嗎？ I will go to buy some beer or some soft drinks. Tā míngtiān huòshi hòutiān lái kàn nǐ ma? 他明天或是後天來看你嗎？ Is he coming to see you tomorrow or the day after? (i.e., sometime during the next two days) Háishi is used for “or” when a choice is required between the alternatives. Nǐ mǎi píjiǔ háishi mǎi qìshuī? 你買啤酒還是買汽水？ Are you buying beer or (are you buying) soft drinks? Nǐ xǐhuan dàde háishi xǐhuan xiǎode? 你喜歡大的還是喜歡小的？ Do you like the large one or (do you like) the small one? 2. A: Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu duō yuǎn? 上海離南京有多元。 How far is Shànghǎi from Nánjīng? B: Yǒu liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōnglǐ. 有兩百五十多公里。 It’s over 250 kilometers. Notes on No. 2 Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu duo yuǎn? Yǒu is used in expressing the distance between two points. [76] Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu duō yuǎn? 上海 離 南京 有 多 遠？ (Shànghǎi be separated from Nánjīng there is how much distance?) “How far is Shànghǎi from Nánjīng?” Tianjin lí Běijīng yǒu 120 gōnglǐ. 天津 離 北京 有 120 公里。 (Tiānjīn be separated from Běijīng there is 120 kilometers.) “Tianjin is 120 kilometers from Běijīng.” Liǎngbǎi wǔshiduō gōnglǐ: Approximate numbers may be expressed by adding -duō to number phrases. When added immediately after a number, before the counter,* -duō refers to an indefinite amount within the range of the round number. liǎngbǎiduō gōnglǐ 兩百多公里 more than 200 kilometers (but fewer than 300) yìqiānduōge xuésheng 一千多個學生 more than 1,000 students (but fewer than 2,000) sānshiduōkuài qián 三十多塊錢 more than 30 dollars (but fewer than 40) Beginning with 20, -duō may be used in this way with any round number. With round numbers from 20 through 90, -jǐ may be used instead of -duō. èrshiduōge rén 二十多個人 èrshijǐge rén 二十幾個人 more than 20 persons (but fewer than 30) sìshiduō gōnglǐ 四十多公里 sìshijǐ gōnglǐ 四十幾公里 more than 40 kilometers (but fewer than 50) *Gōnglǐ is one of the nouns used without a counter. With the number 10, -jǐ only is used, never -duō. shíjǐkuài qián 十幾塊 more than 10 dollars (but fewer than 20) [77] 3. A: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou? 坐火車要走多少時候。 How long does it take to go by train? B: Dàgài yào zǒu sìge bàn xiǎoshí. 大概要走四個半小時。 It probably takes four and a half hours. 4. C: Yào zǒu bànge xiǎoshí. 要走半個小時。 It takes half an hour. Notes on Nos. 3-4 The auxiliary verb yào, “to want,” is sometimes used as “to need to,” “to have to.” (See the first sentence in exchange 3.) Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou? 坐 火車 要走多 少時候。 (ride train have to go how much time?) “How long does it take to go by train?” Yào may also be used as a main verb meaning “to take [a certain amount of time]”: Zuò huǒchē yào duōshao shíhou? 坐 火車 要 少時候。 (ride train takes how much time?) “How long does it take by train?” Bàn-, “a half (of),” is used like a number—before a counter or before a noun which does not require a counter. bànge xiǎoshí 半個小時 half an hour bànniǎn 半年 half a year bànge píngguǒ 半個蘋果 half an apple Sìge bàn: When bàn FOLLOWS a counter or a noun not requiring a counter, the word is translated as “and a half.” liǎngkuài bàn 兩塊半 two and a half dollars sāntiān bàn 三天半 three and a half days yíge bàn xiǎoshí 一個半小時 one and a half hours Xiǎoshí: Formerly, the Chinese considered that one day and night (24 hours) was divided into twelve 2-hour periods of time. Each of these time periods was divided into two xiǎoshí, “small hours,” when telling time by the Western 24-hour system gained popularity throughout the world. 5. B: Nǐ jìhua zài Nánjīng zhù jǐtiān? 你計劃在南京住幾天？ How many days do you plan to stay in Nánjīng? A: Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐqián méi qùguo. Nǐ shuō liǎngtiān gòu bu gou? 這是我第一次到南京去。以前沒去過。你説兩天夠不夠？ This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. I haven’t gone there before. Would you say two days are enough? B: Liǎngtiān gòu le. 兩天夠了。 Two days are enough. Note on No. 5 Gòu le: The last sentence in exchange 5 ends with the new-situation marker le. This marker is used to describe what a situation is, was, or will be AT A SPECIFIED TIME. The travel agent says that, when the visit has lasted two days, THEN it will be long enough. 6. A: Měitiān yǒu jǐtàng chē? 每天有幾趟車？ How many trains are there each day? A: Xiàwǔ yǒu meiyou chē? 下午有沒有車？ Are there trains in the afternoon? A: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. 我希望下午離開這兒。 I hope to leave here in the afternoon. Notes on No. 6 Jǐtàng: The counter -tàng is used when the trip mentioned is not a particular one, scheduled at a certain time. Similarly, it can also be used to talk about the number of trips a person has made, or will make. Líkāi, “to leave,” may be followed by an object (the place). On the other hand, zǒu, “to leave,” is never followed by an object. Nǐ shénme shíhou líkāi zhèr? 你什麽時候離開這兒？ When are you leaving here? Nǐ shénme shíhou zǒu? 你什麽時候走？ When are you leaving? [79] 7. B: Shísǎndiǎn líng wǔfēn yǒu yìbān tèkuài. 十三點零五分有一班特快。 There’s an express at 1305. 8. B: Shísǎndiǎn líng wǔfēn yǒu yítàng tèkuài. 十三點零五分有一趟特快。 There’s an express at 1305. Notes on Nos. 7-8 Shísāndiǎn líng wǔfēn: For train and bus schedules, a 24-hour clock is commonly used in China, beginning with 1 a.m. and continuing to mid- night, or 2400. 12-hour clock 24-hour clock zǎoshàng shídiǎn 早上十點 10 a.m. shídiǎn 十點 1000 xiàwǔ yìdiān 下午一點 1 p.m. shísāndiǎn 十三點 1300 xiàwǔ wǔdiǎn 下午五點 5 p.m. shìqīdiǎn 十七點 1700 wǎnshàng shídiǎn 晚上十點 10 p.m. èrshièrdiǎn 二十二點 2200 Líng is included to indicate the zero in “1305.” Tèkuài is an abbreviation for tèbié kuàichē, “special express train.” Yìbān and yítàng, counters for trips made by trains, buses, planes, and other conveyances, are sometimes interchangeable. [80] DRILLS A. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ dǎsuan dào Nánjīng qù kànkan. 我打算到南京去看看。 (I’m planning to go to Nánjīng to look around.) (cue) něitiān 哪天 You: Nǐ dǎsuan něitiān qù? 你打算哪天去 (What day do yǒu plan to go?) 2. Wǒ xiǎng dào Xīān qù kànkan. 我想到西安去看看。 jǐyuè 幾月 Nǐ xiǎng jǐyuè qù? 你想幾月去？ 3. Wǒ jìhua dào Húběi qù kànkan. 我計劃到湖北去看看。 xīngqījǐ 星期幾 Nǐ jìhua xīngqījǐ qù? 你想星期幾去？ 4. Wǒ dǎsuan dào Shànghǎi qù kànkan. 我打算到上海去看看。 jǐhào 幾號 Nǐ dǎsuan jǐhào qù? 你打算幾號去？ 5. Wǒ jìhua dào Sūzhōu qù kànkan. 我計劃到蘇州去看看。 jǐyuè 幾月 Nǐ jìhua jǐyuè qù? 你計劃jǐyuè去？ 6. Wǒ xiǎng dào Běijīng qù kànkan. 我想到北京去看看。 něitiān 哪天 Nǐ xiǎng něitiān qù? 我想哪天去？ 7. Wǒ dǎsuan dào Wǔchāng qù kànkan. 我打算到武昌去看看。 xīngqījǐ 星期幾 Nǐ dǎsuan xīngqījǐ qù? 你打算星期幾去。 B. Response Drill 1. Speaker： Nǐ dǎsuan shénme shíhou dào Nánjīng qù? 你打算什麽時候到南京去？ (When are you planning to go to Nánjīng?) (cue) xiàge yuè 下個月 You: Wǒ dǎsuan xiàge yuè dào Nánjīng qu kànkan. 我打算下個月到南京去看看。 (I’m planning to go to see Nánjīng next month.) 2. Nǐ jìhua jǐyuè dào Shànghǎi qù? 你計劃幾月到上海去？ Liùyuè 六月 Wǒ jìhua Liùyuè dào Shànghǎi qu kànkan. 我計劃六月到上海去看看。 3. Nǐ xiǎng něitiān dào Guǎngzhōu qù? 你想哪天到廣州去？ hòutiān 後天 Wǒ xiǎng hòutiān dào Guǎngzhōu qu kànkan. 我想後天到廣州去看看。 [81] 4. Nǐ dǎsuan něinián dào Zhōngguo qù? 你打算哪年到中國去？ míngnián 明年 Wǒ dǎsuan míngnián dào Zhōngguo qu kànkan. 我打算明年到中國去看看。 5. Nǐ jìhua jǐyuè dào Xiānggǎng qù? 你計劃幾月到香港去？ Èryuè 二月 Wǒ jìhua Èryuè dào Xiānggǎng qu kànkan. 我計劃二月到香港去看看。 6. Nǐ xiǎng xīngqījǐ dào Běijīng qù? 你想星期幾到北京去。 Xīngqīsān 星期三 Wǒ xiǎng Xīngqīsān dào Běijīng qu kànkan. 我想星期三到北京去看看。 7. Nǐ dǎsuan jǐdiǎn zhōng dào tā nèr qù? 你打算幾點鐘到他那兒去？ sāndiǎn zhōng 三點鐘 Wǒ dǎsuan sāndiǎn zhōng dào tā nèr qu kànkan. 我打算三點鐘到他那兒去看看。 C. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù? 你計劃哪天去？ (What day do you plan to go?) (cue) Xīngqīèr 星期二 You: Xīngqīèr huòzhě Xīngqīsān, dōu kéyi. 星期二或者星期三，都可以。 (Tuesday and [or] Wednesday are both possible.) 2. Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù? 你計劃哪天去？ wǔhào 五號 Wǔhào huòzhě liùhào, dōu kéyi. 五號或者六號，都可以。 3. Nǐ xiǎng jǐyuè qù? 你想幾月去？ Wǔyuè 五月 Wǔyuè huòzhě Liùyuè, dōu kéyi. 五月或者六月，都可以。 4. Nǐ xiǎng něinián qù? 你想哪年去？ 1977 Yījiǔqīqī huòzhě Yījiǔqībā, dōu kéyi. 一九七七或者一九七八，都可以。 5. Nǐ dǎsuan shénme shíhou qù? 你打算什麽時候去？ xiàyuè sìhào 下月四號 Xiàyuè sìhào huòzhě xiàyuè wǔhào, dōu kéyi. 下月四號或者下月五號，都可以。 6. Nǐ dǎsuan jǐdiǎn zhōng qù? 你打算幾點鐘去？ shàngwù shídiǎn 上午十點 Shàngwù shídiǎn huòzhě shàngwù shíyīdiǎn, dōu kéyi. 上午十點或者上午十一點，都可以。 7. Nǐ jìhua jǐhào qù? 你計劃幾號去？ èrshiqī 二十七 Èrshiqíhào huòzhě èrshibáhào, dōu kéyi. 二十七號或者二十八號，都可以。 [82] D. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker： Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yuǎn ma? 上海離南京遠嗎？ (Is Shànghǎi far from Nánjīng?) (cue) duó 多 You： Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu duó yuǎn? 上海離南京有多遠？ (How far is Shànghǎi from Nánjīng?) OR Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yuǎn ma? 上海離南京遠嗎？ (Is Shànghǎi far from Nánjīng?) (cue) duōshao 多少 Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu duōshao gōnglǐ? 上海離南京有多少公里？ (How many kilometers is Shànghǎi from Nánjīng?) 2. Běijīng lí Tiānjīn yuǎn ma? 北京離天津遠嗎？ duó 多 Běijīng lí Tiānjīn yǒu duó yuan? 北京離天津有多遠？ 3. Běijīng lí Shànghǎi yuǎn ma? 北京離上海遠嗎？ duōshao 多少 Běijīng lí Shànghǎi yǒu duōshao gōnglǐ? 北京離上海有多少公里？ 4. Nánjīng lí Běijīng yuǎn ma? 南京離北京遠嗎？ duōshao 多少 Nánjīng lí Běijīng yǒu duōshao gōnglǐ? 南京離北京有多少公里？ 5. Guǎngzhōu lí Wǔhàn yuǎn ma? 廣州離武漢遠嗎？ duó 多 Guǎngzhōu lí Wǔhàn yǒu duó yuan? 廣州離武漢多遠？ 6. Shànghǎi lí Hángzhōu yuǎn ma? 上海離杭州遠嗎？ duōshao 多少 Shànghǎi lí Hángzhōu yǒu duōshao gōnglǐ? 上海離杭州有多少公里？ E. Response Drill 1. Speaker： Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu duó yuǎn? 上海離南京有多遠？ (How far is Shànghǎi from Nánjīng?) (cue ) dàgài 270 大概 270 You: Dàgài yǒu èrbǎiqīshí gōnglǐ. 大概有二百七十公里。 (it’s probably 270 kilometers.) OR Tiānjīn lí Běijīng yǒu duó yuǎn? 天津離北京有多遠？ (How far is Tiānjīn from Běijīng?) (cue) 80 duō 80 多 Dàgài lí Běijīng yǒu bàshíduō gōnglǐ. 大概離北京有八十多公里。 (It’s probably more than 80 kilometers.) 2. Běijīng lí Hángzhōu yǒu duó yuǎn? 北京離杭州有多遠？ 900 duō 900 多 Dàgài lí Hángzhōu yǒu jiubǎiduō gōnglǐ. 大概離杭州有九百多公里。 [83] 3. Běijīng lí Shànghǎi yǒu duó yuǎn? 北京離上海有多遠？ dàgài 800 大概 800 Dàgài yǒu bābǎi gōnglǐ. 大概有八百公里。 4. Nánjīng lí Shànghǎi yǒu duó yuǎn? 南京離上海有多遠？ dàgài 200 大概二百 Dàgài yǒu èrbǎi gōnglǐ. 大概有二百公里。 5. Wǔhàn lí Běijīng yǒu duó yuǎn? 武漢離北京有多遠？ 700 duō 700 多 Dàgài lí Běijīng yǒu qībǎiduō gōnglǐ. 大概離北京有七百多公里。 6. Hángzhōu lí Shànghǎi yǒu duó yuǎn? 杭州離上海有多遠？ 170 duǒ 170 多 Dàgài lí Shànghǎi yǒu yībǎiqīshíduō gōnglǐ. 大概離上海有一百七十多公里。 F. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu sānbǎi gōnglǐ. 上海離南京有三百公里。 (Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Nánjīng.) (cue) méi 沒 You: Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng méiyou sānbǎi gōnglǐ. 上海離南京沒有三百公里。 (Shànghǎi isn’t [is less than] 300 kilometers from Nánjīng.) OR Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu sānbǎi gōnglǐ. 上海離南京有三百公里。 (Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Běijīng.) (cue) dàgài 大概 Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng dàgài yǒu sānbǎi gōnglǐ. 上海離南京大概有三百公里。 (Shànghǎi is probably 300 kilometers from Běijīng.) OR Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu sānbǎi gōnglǐ. 上海離南京有三百公里。 (Shànghǎi is 300 kilometers from Běijīng.) (cue) duō 多 Shànghǎi lí Nánjīng yǒu sānbǎiduō gōnglǐ. 上海離南京有三百多公里。 (Shànghǎi is more than 300 kilometers from Běijīng.) 2. Běijīng lí Shànghǎi yǒu yìqiān gōnglǐ. 北京離上海有一千公里。 méi 沒 Běijīng lí Shànghǎi méiyou yìqiān gōnglǐ. 北京離上海沒有一千公里。 3. Wǔhàn lí Běijīng yǒu bābǎi gōnglǐ. 武漢離北京有八百公里。 dàgài 大概 Wǔhàn lí Běijīng dàgài yǒu bābǎi gōnglǐ. 武漢離北京大概有八百公里。 4. Nánjīng lí Shànghǎi yǒu èrbǎi gōnglǐ. 南京離上海有二百公里。 duō 多 Nánjīng lí Shànghǎi yǒu èrbǎiduō gōnglǐ. 南京離上海有二百多公里。 5. Hángzhōu lí Shànghǎi yǒu yìbǎi gōnglǐ. 杭州離上海有一百公里。 duō 多 Hángzhōu lí Shànghǎi yǒu yìbǎiduō gōnglǐ. 杭州離上海有一百多公里。 [84] G. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge zhōngtóu? 坐火車要走幾個鐘頭？ (How many hours does it take by train?) (cue) duó jiǔ 多久 You: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duó jiǔ? 坐火車要走多久？ (How long does it take by train?) 2. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duó jiǔ? 坐火車要走多久？ duōshao shíhou 多少時候 Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou? 坐火車要走多少時候？ 3. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou? 坐火車要走多少時候？ jǐtiān 幾天 Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐtiān? 坐火車要走幾天？ 4. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐtiān? 坐火車要走幾天？ jǐge xīngqī 幾個星期 Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xīngqī? 坐火車要走幾個星期？ 5. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xīngqī? 坐火車要走幾個星期？ jǐge xiǎoshí 幾個小時 Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xiǎoshí? 坐火車要走幾個小時？ 6. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu jǐge xiaoshí? 坐火車要走幾個小時？ duōshao tiān 多少天 Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao tiān? 坐火車要走多少天？ 7. Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao tiān? 坐火車要走多少天？ H. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Yào zǒu bànge zhōngtóu. 要走半個鐘頭。 (It takes half an hour.) (cue) 1 You: Yào zǒu yíge bàn zhōngtóu. 要走一個半鐘頭。 (It takes an hour and a half.) OR Yào zǒu bàntiān. 要走半天。 (it takes half a day.) (cue) 3 Yào zǒu sāntiān bàn. 要走三天半。 (it takes three and a half days. 2. Yào zǒu bànge yuè. 要走半個月。 2 Yào zǒu liāngge bàn yuè. 要走兩個半月。 3. Yào zǒu bànge xīngqī. 要走半個星期。 1 Yào zǒu yíge bàn xīngqī. 要走一個半星期 4. Yào zou bànnián. 要走半年。 1 Yào zǒu yìnián bàn. 要走一年半。 5. Yào zǒu bànge zhōngtóu. 要走半個鐘頭。 4 Yào zǒu sìge bàn zhōngtóu. 要走四個半鐘頭。 6. Yào zǒu bànge yuè. 要走半個月。 1 Yào zǒu yíge bàn yuè. 要走一個半月。 [85] I. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker： Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. 這是我第一次到南京去。 (This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng.) (cue) yǐhòu 以後 You： Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐhòu hái yào qù. 這是我第一次到南京去。以後還要去。 (This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. Later on I want to go again.) OR Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. 這是我第一次到南京去。 (This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng.) (cue) yǐqián 以前 Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nánjīng qù. Yǐqián méi qùguo. 這是我第一次到南京去。以前沒去過。 (This will be the first time I have gone to Nánjīng. I haven’t gone there before.) 2. Zhèi shi tā dìyīcì xué Zhōngguo huà. 這是他第一次學中國話。 yǐhòu 以後 Zhè shi tā dìyīcì xué Zhōngguo huà. Yǐhòu hái yào xué. 這是他第一次學中國話。以後還要學。 3. Zhèi shi tā dìyīcì chī Zhōngguo fàn. 這是他第一次吃中國飯。 yǐqián 以前 Zhè shi tā dìyīcì chī Zhōngguo fàn. Yǐqián méi chīguo. 這是他第一次吃中國飯。以前沒吃過。 4. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. 這是我第一次到這兒來。 yǐhòu 以後 Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. Yǐhòu hái yào lái. 這是我第一次到這兒來。以後還要來。 5. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. 這是我第一次到這兒來。 yǐqián 以前 Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào zhèr lái. Yǐqián méi láiguo. 這是我第一次到這兒來。以前沒來過。 6. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Měiguo qù. 這是我第一次到美國去。 yǐqián 以前 Zhè shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Měiguo qù. Yǐqián méi qùguo. 這是我第一次到美國去。以前沒去過。 J. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Nǐ shuō lái liǎngtiān gòu bu gou? 你説來兩天夠不夠？ (Would you say it would be enough to come for two days?) You： Lái liǎngtiān gòu le. 來兩天夠了。 (it would be enough to come for two days.) 2. Nǐ shuō qù liǎngtiān gòu bu gou? 你説去兩天夠不夠？ Qù liǎngtiān gòu le. 説去兩天夠了。 3. Nǐ shuō xué liǎngniánde Zhōngwén gòu bu gou? 你説學兩年的中文夠不夠？ Xué liǎngniánde Zhōngwén gòu le. 學兩年的中文夠了。 4. Nǐ shuō zhù sānge yuè gòu bu gou? 你説住三個月夠不夠？ Zhù sānge yuè gòu le. 住三個月夠了。 [86] 5. Nǐ shuō niàn jiǔge xīngqī gòu hu gou? 你説念九個星期夠不夠？ Niàn jiǔge xīngqī gòu le. 念九個星期夠了。 6. Nǐ shuō dào nèr qù wánr shítiān gòu bu gou? 你説到那兒去玩兒十天夠不夠？ Wánr shítiān gòu le. 玩兒十天夠了。 7. Nǐ shuō zǒu yíge zhōngtóu gòu bu gou? 你説走一個鐘頭夠不夠？ Zǒu yíge zhōngtóu gòu le. 走一個鐘頭夠了。 K. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. 我希望下午離開這兒。 (I hope to leave here in the afternoon.) (cue) Xiàwǔ yǒu jǐtàng chē? 下午有幾趟車？ You: Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ yǒu jǐtàng chē? 我希望下午離開這兒。下午有幾趟車？ (I hope to leave here in the afternoon. How many trains are there in the afternoon?) 2. Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkái zhèr. 我希望下午離開這兒. Xiàwǔ yǒu meiyou chē? 下午有沒有車？ Wǒ xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xiàwǔ yǒu meiyou chē? 我希望下午離開這兒.下午有沒有車？ 3. Wǒ xīwang wǎnshang líkāi zhèr. 我希望晚上離開這兒。 Wǎnshang yǒu jǐtàng chē? 晚上有幾趟車？ Wǒ xīwang wǎnshang líkāi zhèr. Wǎnshang yǒu jǐtàng chē? 我希望晚上離開這兒。晚上有幾趟車？ 4. Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīsān líkāi zhèr. 我希望星期三離開這兒。 Xīngqīsān yǒu jǐtàng chē? 星期三有幾趟車？ Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīsān líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīsān yǒu jǐtàng chē? 我希望星期三離開這兒。星期三有幾趟車？ 5. Wǒ xīwang míngtiān líkāi zhèr. Míngtiān yǒu jǐtàng chē? 我希望明天離開這兒。 Míngtiān yǒu jǐtàng chē? 明天有幾趟車？ Wǒ xīwang míngtiān líkāi zhèr. Míngtiān yǒu jǐtàng chē? 我希望明天離開這兒。明天有幾趟車？ 6. Wǒ xīwang jīntiān shàngwǔ líkāi zhèr. Shàngwǔ yǒu meiyou chē? 我希望離今天上午開這兒。 Shàngwǔ yǒu meiyou chē? 上午有沒有車？ Wǒ xīwang jīntiān shàngwǔ líkāi zhèr. Shàngwǔ yǒu meiyou chē? 我希望離今天上午開這兒。上午有沒有車？ 7. Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīwǔ líkāi zhèr. 我希望星期五離開這兒。 Xīngqīwǔ yǒu jǐtàng chē? 星期五有幾趟車？ Wǒ xīwang Xīngqīwǔ líkāi zhèr. Xīngqīwǔ yǒu jǐtàng chē? 我希望星期五離開這兒。星期五有幾趟車？ [87] UNIT 6 REFERENCE LIST (in Běijīng) 1. A: Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 幾點鐘開？ What time does it leave? B: Shíbādiǎn wǔshiwǔfēn fā chē. 十八點五十五分發車。 It departs at 1855. A: Nà hǎo. 那好。 That’s fine. 2. B: Qǐng ni bǎ nǐde hùzhào hé lǚxíngzhèng gěi wo. 請你把你的護照和旅行證給我。 Please give me your passport and travel permit. A: Hǎo, gěi ni. 好，給你。 Okay, here it is. 3. A: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 到上海去的車在第幾站臺？ On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi? B: Zài dìyī zhàntái. 在第一站臺。 It’s on Platform Number 1. 4. B: Bú yòng jí. Hái zǎo ne. 不用急。還早呢。 No need to be anxious. It’s still early. B: Nǐ xiān zài zhèige jiēdàishì xiūxi xiuxi. 你先在這個接待室休息休息。 First, rest a bit in this waiting room. 5. A: Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli zěnme bàn? Shì bu shi kéyi náshang chē qu? 我這件行李怎麽辦？是不是可以拿上車去？ What should I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the train? B: Kéyi bǎ xíngli náshang chē qu. 可以把行李拿上車去。 You may take the suitcase onto the train. 6. A: Zhèibān chē yǒu cānchē ba? 這班車有餐車吧？ This train has a dining car, I suppose? B: Yǒu. Yǒu Zhōngcān, yě yǒu Xīcān. 有。有中餐，也有西餐。 Yes. There’s Chinese food and there’s also Western food. A: Hǎojíle. 好極了。 Great. 7. C: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le. 下一站就是上海了。 The next station is Shànghǎi. C: Kuài yào dào zhàn le. 快要到站了。 We are about to arrive at the station. C: Nín zhǔnbèi xià chē ba. 您準備下車了。 Please get ready to get off the train. [88] ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 8. bān 搬 to move 9. náshangqu 拿上去 to take up náshanglai 拿上來 to bring up náxiaqu 拿下去 to take down náxialai 拿下來 to bring down 10. pǎo 跑 to run 11. wǎn 晚 to be late 12. yuètái 月臺 train platform (alternate word for zhàntái. more common in Taiwan) [89] VOCABULARY bān 搬 to move (e.g., furniture) (new house) bàn 辦 to handle, to manage, to do cānchē 餐車 dining car fā chē 發車 to depart (from the first terminal of a train route) hǎojíle 好極了 to be wonderful, to be great hé 和 and hùzhào 護照 passport jí 急 to be anxious jiēdàishì (jiēdàishī) 接待室 waiting room -jíle 極了 extremely, awfully kāi 開 to leave kuài 快 soon lǚxíngzhèng 旅行證 travel permit ná 拿 to pick up, to hold, to take náshanglai 拿上來 to bring up náshangqu 拿上去 to take up náxialai 拿下來 to bring down náxiaqu 拿下去 to take down pǎo 跑 to run wǎn 晚 to be late Xīcān 西餐 Western food xiūxi 休息 to rest, to relax yào 要 will, going to yuètái 月臺 train platform zǎo 早 to be early zhàntái 站臺 train platform Zhōngcān 中餐 Chinese food zhǔnbèi 準備 to prepare, to get ready [90] (introduced on C-2 tape) bāng 幫 to help bú yào 不要 don’t láilai-wǎngwǎng 來來往往 coming and going qǐdiǎnzhàn 起點站 station where a train originates (literally, “starting station”) shūfu 舒服 to be comfortable Train from Guǎngzhōu at the entrance to China [91] REFERENCE NOTES 1. A: Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 幾點鐘開？ What time does it leave? B: Shíbādiǎn wǔshiwǔfēn fā chē. 十八點五十五分發車。 It departs at 1855. A: Nà hǎo. 那好。 That’s fine. Note on No. 1 Kāi and fā chē: When referring to trains, the verb kāi, “to start,” means “to start off” or “to leave.” The technical term fā chē, “to send out the train,” is used in reference to a train which is departing from the terminal at the beginning of a trip, or line. 2. B: Qǐng ni bǎ nǐde hùzhào hé lǚxíngzhèng gěi wo. 請你把你的護照和旅行證給我。 Please give me your passport and travel permit. A: Hǎo, gěi ni. 好，給你。 Okay, here it is. Notes on No. 2 Hé, “and,” is a common alternate to gēn. Both hé and gēn are used as “and” between nouns. Bǎ nǐde hùzhào...: The prepositional verb bǎ points out the direct objects (passport and travel permit) and brings those objects to the beginning of the sentence, preceding the main verb. Without this construction, a “traffic jam” of sentence elements would follow that verb. 3. A: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 到上海去的車在第幾站臺？ On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi? B: Zài dìyī zhàntái. 在第一站臺。 It’s on Platform Number 1. [92] 4. B: Bú yòng jí. Hái zǎo ne. 不用急。還早呢。 No need to be anxious. It’s still early. B: Nǐ xiān zài zhèige jiēdàishì xiūxi xiuxi. 你先在這個接待室休息休息。 First, rest a bit in this waiting room. Notes on No. 4 In exchange 4, the aspect marker ne emphasizes that there has been no change in the situation. Tā zài zhèr ne. 他在這兒呢。 He is here. When the adverb hái, “still,” “yet,” is used, the sentence very often ends with the marker ne. Míngtiān wǒ hái bù zǒu ne. 明天我還不走呢。 I am not leaving tomorrow (yet), (i.e., I will still be here tomorrow.) Verb reduplication: In Unit 3 of the Money Module, you learned that reduplication is one way to indicate ASPECT, although markers are more common. INDEFINITENESS is the aspect expressed when an action verb is reduplicated. The speaker does not commit himself to the duration or extent of the action. In the last sentence of No. the speaker asks the listener to “rest a bit.” Instead of using additional words to indicate a short duration, the speaker reduplicates the verb, xiūxi, expressing some duration, but of no particular limit. To reduplicate a two-syllable verb, simply repeat the whole verb. The repetition is unstressed, or even toneless: xiūxi xiuxi Xiān: Since this use of “first” is not followed by an explicit “afterwards,” xiān might also be translated as “for the time being” or “right now.” Wǒ xiān zǒu le, nǐmen mànmānr chī ba. 我先走了，你們慢慢兒吃吧。 Right now I’m going to excuse myself; you take your time eating. Nǐ xiān bié jí, mànmānr zhǎo. 你先別急，慢慢兒找。 For the time being, don’t be anxious; take your time looking for it. [93] 5. A: Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli zěnme bàn? Shì bu shi kéyi náshang chē qu? 我這件行李怎麽辦？是不是可以拿上車去？ What should I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the train? B: Kéyi bǎ xíngli náshang chē qu. 可以把行李拿上車去。 You may take the suitcase onto the train. Notes on No. 5 Zěnme bàn means something like “how should [something] be managed” or “what should be done [about something].” Náshang chē qu, “take onto the train,” is a COMPOUND VERB OF DIRECTION which has been separated by a noun object. Ná is the verb “to pick up,” “to hold,” “to take,” “to bring.” The directional endings -shàng, “up,” “onto,”* and qù, “to go,” tell you that the action takes place up and away from the speaker. *You have seen shàng used as several different parts of speech: shàng lóu 上樓 to go up (FULL verb) shàng chē 上車 to get on (FULL verb) shàngbianr 上邊兒 upper, above (IN PLACE WORDS) shàngge yuè 上個月 last, previously (SPECIFIER) zài chēshang 在車上 on (LOCATIONAL ENDING [with nouns]) náshangqu 拿上去 up, onto (DIRECTIONAL ENDING [with verbs]) ná shang qu 拿 上 去 (hold up/onto away) “to take up/onto” Compound verbs of direction are easily formed, as shown in the chart below. The first column contains action verbs you have learned which may be used. The endings in the middle column are relatively few. For the second part of the directional ending, only lái and qù may be used. ACTION Plus DIRECTION ná (to carry) -shàng (up) lái (towards) 拿 上 來 zǒu (to walk/go) -xià (down) qù (away) 走 下 去 bān (to move) -chū (out) 搬 出 pǎo (to run) -jìn (in) 跑 進 kāi (to drive) -huí (back) 開 回 (AND OTHERS) Compound verbs of direction may be two or three syllables: chūqu, “to go out”; zǒuchuqu, “to walk out” [94] It is possible to split up a two-part directional ending by placing an object or location before the final lái or qù. náshang chē qu 拿上車去 take onto the train/bus náchu yìběn shū lai 拿出一本書來 bring out a book xià lóu qu 下樓去 go downstairs A direct object (such as nèiběn shū) may be placed EITHER at the beginning of a sentence, using bǎ, OR later in the sentence, splitting up the directional ending. Locations which are the goal of the action (such as chē and lóu above) MUST be placed between the two parts of the directional ending. Bǎ xíngli náshang chē qu: In the last sentence of exchange 5, the direct object, xíngli, is placed before the verb. The location of the action, chē, is placed before the final qu. When both a location and a direct object occur in a sentence with a multisyllabic directional verb, the location is placed between the two syllables of the directional ending, and the direct object is moved closer to the beginning of the sentence. 6. A: Zhèibān chē yǒu cānchē ba? 這班車有餐車吧？ This train has a dining car, I suppose? B: Yǒu. Yǒu Zhōngcān, yě yǒu Xīcān. 有。有中餐，也有西餐。 Yes. There’s Chinese food and there’s also Western food. A: Hǎojíle. 好極了。 Great. Note on No. 6 The ending -jíle, meaning “extremely,” “awfully,” may be added to adjectival verbs. Nèige píngguo dàjíle. 那個蘋果大幾了。 That apple is huge. Zuò huǒchē fāngbianjíle. 坐火車方便極了。 Riding the train is extremely convenient. Tā zǒude kuàijíle. 他走得快極了。 He walks awfully fast. -jíle is seldom used in Taiwan. [95] 7. C: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le. 下一站就是上海了。 The next station is Shànghǎi. C: Kuài yào dào zhàn le. 快要到站了。 We are about to arrive at the station. C: Nín zhǔnbèi xià chē ba. 您準備下車了。 Please get ready to get off the train. Notes on No. 7 Kuài means “soon” in the second sentence of exchange 7. You have already learned another meaning for kuài: “to be fast” In the sentence Kuài yào dào zhàn le, yào is an auxiliary verb meaning “will” or “to be going to.” Other meanings you have learned for yào are “to want,” “to need,” “to have to,” “to require.” New-situation le: The aspect marker le for new situations occurs in the first two sentences of No. 7. In Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le, the speaker uses le to communicate a change in the circumstances: after passing through many stations, Shànghǎi will finally be the next station. When a speaker uses le, he is saying that something has changed in reference to him or in reference to the listener. In the first sentence in No. 7, Shànghǎi itself has not changed, but what constitutes the “next station” for the speaker and the listener has changed. In Kuài yào dào zhàn le, new-situation le marks a change which is about to take place—their arrival. Here are examples of references to future changes: Tā míngnián jiù shísuì le. 他明年就十歲了。 He will be ten (years old) next year. Wǒ zǒu le. 我走了。 I’m leaving now. (I’ll be leaving now.) Piào kuài yào màiwán le. 票快要賣完了。 The tickets will soon be sold out. Many speakers of English have trouble with new-situation le because they would not think of using it when the Chinese do. Take note of situations which the Chinese consider to be changes, and try to use new-situation le in your speech. [96] DRILLS A. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 幾點鐘開？ (What time does it leave?) (cue) huǒchē 火車 You: Nèibān huǒchē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 那班車幾點鐘開？ (What time does that train leave?) 2. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 幾點鐘開？ gōnglùjúde chē 公路局的車 Nèibān gōnglùjúde chē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 那班公路局的車幾點鐘開？ 3. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kai? 幾點鐘開？ gōnggòng qìchē 公共汽車 Nèibān gōnggòng qìchē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 那班公共汽車幾點鐘開？ 4. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 幾點鐘開？ zhídáchē 直達車 Nèibān zhídáchē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 那班直達車幾點鐘開？ 5. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 幾點鐘開？ tèkuài 特快 Nèibān tèkuài jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 那班特快幾點鐘開？ 6. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi mén? 幾點鐘開？ yínháng 銀行 Nèige yínháng jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi mén? 那個銀行幾點鐘開門？ 7. Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi men? 幾點鐘開？ yóuzhèngjú 郵政局 Nèige yóuzhèngjú jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi mén? 那個郵政局幾點鐘開門？ B. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Zuò sìdiǎn zhōngde chē, láidejí ma? 坐四點鐘的車，來得及嗎？ (Can we make the four o’clock train?) (cue) no You: Láibují, yǐjīng wǎn le. 來不及，已經晚了。 (We can’t make it; we are already late.) OR Zuò sìdiǎn zhōngde chē, láidejí ma? 坐四點鐘的車，來得及嗎？ (Can we make the four o’clock train?) (cue) yes Láidejí, hái zǎo ne. 來得及，還早呢。 (Don’t worry. It’s still early.) 2. Zuò jiǔdiǎn èrshifēnde chē, láidejí ma? 坐九點二十分的車，來得及嗎？ no Láibují, yǐjīng wǎn le. 來不及，已經晚了。 3. Zuò shídiǎn wǔshifēnde chē, láidejí ma? 坐十點五十分的車，來得及嗎？ yes Láidejí, hái zǎo ne. 來得及，還早呢。 [97] 4. Zuò qīdiǎn wǔshifēnde chē, láidejí ma? 坐七點五十分的車，來得及嗎？ no Láibují, yǐjīng wǎn le. 來不及，已經晚了。 5. Zuò sìdiǎn língwǔfēnde chē, láidejí ma? 坐四點零五分的車，來得及嗎？ yes Láidejí, hái zǎo ne. 來得及，還早呢。 6. Zuò liǎngdiǎn língbāfēnde chē, láidejí ma? 坐兩點零八分的車，來得及嗎？ no Láibují, yǐjīng wǎn le. 來不及，已經晚了。 C. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 在第幾站臺？ (On which platform is it?) (cue) Shànghǎi 上海 You: Dào Shànghǎi qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 到上海去的車在第幾站臺？ (On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?) 2. Zài dìsān zhàntái. 在第三站臺。 Nánjīng 南京 Dào Nánjīng qùde chē zài dìsān zhàntái. 到南京去的車在第三站臺？ 3. Zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 在第幾站臺？ Guǎngzhōu 廣州 Dào Guǎngzhōu qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 到廣州去的車在第幾站臺？ 4. Zài dìèr zhàntái. 在第二站臺。 Tianjīn 天津 Dào Tiānjīn qùde chē zài dìèr zhàntái. 到天津去的車在第二站臺？ 5. Zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 在第幾站臺？ Qīngdǎo 青島 Dào Qīngdǎo qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 到青島去的車在第幾站臺？ 6. Zài dìyī zhàntái. 在第一站臺。 Hángzhōu 杭州 Dào Hángzhōu qùde chē zài dìyī zhàntái. 到杭州去的車在第幾站臺？ 7. Zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 在第幾站臺？ Běijīng 北京 Dào Běijīng qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái? 到北京去的車在第幾站臺？ D. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài zhèr xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在這兒休息休息。 (Excuse me, I must rest here a moment.) (cue) zhèige dìfang 這個地方 You: Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài zhèige dìfang xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在這個地方休息休息。 (Excuse me, I must rest at this place a moment.) [98] 2. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài zhèige dìfang xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在這個地方休息休息。 jiālǐ 家裏 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài jiāli xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在家裏休息休息。 3. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài jiāli xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在家裏休息休息。 fàndiànli 飯店裏 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài fàndiànli xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在飯店裏休息休息。 4. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài fàndiànli xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在飯店裏休息休息。 chēli 車裏 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài chēli xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在車裏休息休息。 5. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài chēli xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在車裏休息休息。 jiēdàishi 接待室 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài jiēdàishì xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在接待室休息休息。 6. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài jiēdàishì xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在接待室休息休息。 zhèr 這兒 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài zhèr xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在這兒休息休息。 7. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ děi zài zhèr xiūxi xiuxi. 對不起，我得在這兒休息休息。 E. Expansion Drill Repeat the speaker’s statements and add Zěnme ban? or Zěnme zǒu? as appropriate. 1. Speaker： Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli hái zài zhèr. 我這件行李還在這兒。 (This suitcase of mine is still here.) You： Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli hái zài zhèr. Zěnme bàn? 我這件行李還在這兒。怎麽辦？ (This suitcase of mine is still here. What should I do about it?) OR Tā yào dào nàr qù. 他要到那兒去。 (He wants to go there.) Tā yào dào nàr qù. Zěnme zǒu? 他要到那兒去。怎麽走？ (He wants to go there. How do I get there [go]?) 2. Wǒ zhèixiē dōngxi hái zài zhèr. 我這些東西還在這兒。 Wǒ zhèixiē dōngxi hái zài zhèr. Zěnme bàn? 我這些東西還在這兒。怎麽辦？ 3. Tǎ yào dào Wangfǔjǐng Dàjiē qù. 他要到王府井大街去。 Tā yào dào Wángfùjīng Dàjiē qù. Zěnme zǒu? 他要到王府井大街去。怎麽走？ 4. Wǒ nèixiē xíngli hái zài chēshang. 我那些行李還在車上。 Wǒ nèixiē xíngli hái zài chēshang. Zěnme bàn? 我那些行李還在車上。怎麽辦？ 5. Tā yào dào Shànghǎi qù. 他要到上海去。 Tā yào dào Shànghǎi qù. Zěnme zǒu? 他要到上海去。怎麽走？ 6. Wǒ zhèixiē zázhì hái méi màiwán. 我這些雜志還沒賣完。 Wǒ zhèixiē zázhì hái méi màiwán. Zěnme bàn? 我這些雜志還沒賣完。怎麽辦？ [99] F. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Tāmen yǒu Zhōngcān háishi Xīcān? 他們有中餐還是西餐？ (Do they have Chinese food or Western food?) (cue) yě 也 You: Tāmen yǒu Zhōngcǎn, yě you Xīcān. 他們有中餐也有西餐 (They have Chinese food and they also have Western food.) OR Tāmen yào zhèige háishi nèige? 他們要這個還是那個？ (Do they want this or that?) (cue) dōu 都 Zhèige, nèige, tāmen dōu yào. (They want both this and that.) 2. Nǐmen mǎi zhuōzi háishi yǐzi? 你們買桌子還是椅子？ yě 也 Wǒmen mǎi zhuōzi, yě mǎi yǐzi. 你們買桌子也買椅子 3. Nǐmen mǎi pánzi háishi wǎn? 你們買盤子還是碗？ dōu 都 Pánzi, wǎn, wǒmen dōu mǎi. 盤子，碗，我們都買。 4. Tāmen mǎi zhèige hóngde háishi nèige lánde? 他們買這個紅的還是那個藍的？ dōu 都 Hóngde, lánde, tāmen dōu mǎi. 紅的，藍的，他們都賣。 5. Tāmen kàn zhèixiē zázhì háishi nèixiē bào? 他們看這些雜志還是那些報？ yě 也 Tāmen kàn zhèixiē zázhì, yě kàn nèixiē bào. 他們看這些雜志，也看那些報 6. Nǐ niàn jīngjixué háishi zhèngzhixué? 你念經濟學還是政治學。 yě 也 Wǒ niàn jīngjixué, yě niàn zhèngzhixué. 我念經濟學，也念政治學。 G. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Kuài yào dào zhàn le. 快要到站了。 (We are about to arrive at the station.) You: Kuài yào dào zhàn le. Wǒmen zhǔnbèi xià chē ba. 快要到站了。我們準備下車吧。 (We are about to arrive at the station. Let’s get ready to get off.) 2. Xià yízhàn jiù shi Běijīng le. 下一站就是北京了。 Xià yízhàn jiù shi Běijīng le. Wǒmen zhǔnbèi xià chē ba. 下一站就是北京了。我們準備下車吧。 3. Kuài yào dào Tiānjīn le. 快要到天津了。 Kuài yào dào Tiānjīn le. Wǒmen zhunbèi xià chē ba. 快要到天津了。我們準備下車吧。 [100] 4. Xià yízhàn jiù shi Nánjīng le. 下一站就是南京了。 Xià yízhàn jiù shi Nánjīng le. Wǒmen zhǔnbèi xià chē ba. 下一站就是南京了。我們準備下車吧。 5. Kuài yào dào Hángzhōu le. 快要到杭州了。 Kuài yào dào Hángzhōu le. Wǒmen zhùnbèi xià chē ba. 快要到杭州了。我們準備下車吧。 6. Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le. 下一站就是上海了。 Xià yízhàn jiù shi Shànghǎi le. Wǒmen zhùnbèi xià chē ba. 下一站就是上海了。我們準備下車吧。 7. Kuài yào dào Guǎngzhōu le. 快要到廣州了。 Kuài yào dào Guǎngzhōu le. Wǒmen zhùnbèi xià chē ba. 快要到廣州了。我們準備下車吧。 H. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Tā kéyi náshànglái ma? 他可以拿上來嗎？ (Can he bring it?) (cue) chē 車 You: Tā kéyi náshàng chē lái ma? 他可以拿上車來嗎？ (Can he bring it in the car?) 2. Tā kéyi náxiàlái ma? 他可以拿下來嗎？ lóu 樓 Tā kéyi náxià lóu lái ma? 他可以拿下樓來嗎？ 3. Tā kéyi náshàngqù ma? 他可以拿上去嗎？ huǒchē 火車 Tā kéyi náshàng huǒchē qù ma? 他可以拿上火車去嗎？ 4. Tā kéyi náshànglái ma? 他可以拿上來嗎？ lóu 樓 Tā kéyi náshàng lóu lái ma? 他可以拿上樓來嗎？ 5. Tā kéyi náxiàqù ma? 他可以拿下去嗎？ chē 車 Tā kéyi náxià chē qù ma? 他可以拿下車去嗎？ 6. Tā kéyi náxiàlái ma? 他可以拿下來嗎？ huǒchē 火車 Tā kéyi náxià huǒchē lái ma? 他可以拿下火車來嗎？ 7. Tā kéyi náshàngqù ma? 他可以拿上去嗎？ lóu 樓 Tā kéyi náshàng lóu qù ma? 他可以拿上樓去嗎？ [101] UNIT 7 REFERENCE LIST (in Běijīng) 1. A: Lǎo Sòng, zěnmeyàng? Máng ne? 老宋，怎麽樣？忙呢？ Sòng, how are things going? Are you busy? B: Bù zěnme máng. Nǐ yǒu shì ma? 不怎麽忙。你有事嗎？ Not especially busy. Can I do something for you? 2. A: Wǒ Sìyue Shísìhào yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù. Qǐng ni gěi wo dìng yìzhāng fēijī piào. 我四月十四號要到廣州去。請你給我訂一張飛機票。 I’m going to Guǎngzhōu on April 14. Please reserve a plane ticket for me. B: Hǎo 好。 Sure. 3. B: Piào dìnghǎo le. 票訂好了。 The ticket has been reserved. A: Něibān fēijī? Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi? 那班飛機？幾點鐘起飛。 Which flight? What time does it take off? B: Jiǔdiǎn shíwǔfēn qǐfēi. 九點十五分起飛。 It takes off at 9:15. 4. A: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu ma? 這班飛機直飛廣州嗎？ Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu? B: Shì, zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu. 是，直飛廣州。 Yes, it flies directly to Guǎngzhōu. 5. A: Cóng Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiān? 從三里屯到飛機場要多少時間？ How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport? B: Yào sìshifēn zhōng. 要四十分鐘。 It takes forty minutes. 6. A: Rúguo wǒ bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, láidejí ba? 如果我八點鐘離開家，來得及吧？ If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right? B: Láidejí. 來得及。 Yes. 7. A: Qǐng ni míngtiān zǎoshang pài ge chē lái jiē wo. 請你明天早上派個車來接我 Please send a car to pick me up tomorrow morning. B: Hǎo. Wǒ míngtiān bādiǎn zhōng pài chē sòng ni dào fēijīchǎng qu. 好。我明天八點鐘派車送你到飛機場去。 Okay. I’ll send a car at eight o’clock tomorrow to take you to the airport. [102] ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 8. -hǎo le 好了 to be satisfactorily completed 9. lǚguǎn 旅館 hotel 10. shuōhǎo le 説好了 to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on 11. xiǎnghǎo le 想好了 to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out 12. yàoshi 要是 if (alternate word for rúguǒ) 13. zuòhǎo le 做好了 to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished [103] VOCABULARY bù zěnme 不怎麽 not especially, not particularly dìng 訂 to reserve dìnghǎo le 訂好了 to have (been) reserved fēi 飛 to fly fēijī 飛機 airplane fēijīchǎng 飛機場 airport Guǎngzhōu 廣州 (name of a city in the PRC—Canton) -hǎo le 好了 to be satisfactorily completed jiē 接 to meet/pick up/get (someone) lǎo 老 to be old lǚguǎn 旅館 in years hotel máng 忙 to be busy pài 派 to send/assign (a person to do something) qǐfēi 起飛 to take off (airplane) rúguǒ (rúguo) 如果 if Sānlǐtún 三里屯 (a district in Běijīng where many Foreign diplomats and Chinese people from other countries live) shuōhǎo le 説好了 to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on xiǎnghǎo le 想好了 to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out yàoshi 要是 if zhí 直 directly zuòhǎo le 做好了 to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished [104] (introduced on C-2 tape) chū chāi 出差 to go on a business trip chùzhǎng 處長 division chief gǎnbushàng 趕不上 won’t be able to catch (a plane, train, etc.) hái hǎo 還好 fairly good/well kāi huì 開會 to attend a meeting/conference Shànghǎi-made jeep and other vehicles in a parking lot outside the train station in Guǎngzhōu [105] REFERENCE NOTES 1. A: Lǎo Sòng, zěnmeyàng? Máng ne? 老宋，怎麽樣？忙呢？ Sòng, how are things going? Are you busy? B: Bù zěnme máng. Nǐ yǒu shì ma? 不怎麽忙。你有事嗎？ Not especially busy. Can I do something for you? Notes on No. 1 The greeting zěnmeyàng is more informal than nǐ hǎo a. Zěnmeyàng is used only if the two people already know each other. Máng ne? and Máng ma? are translated into English as “Are you busy?” However, the two Chinese questions are not interchangeable. When a speaker asks the question Máng ma? he really wants to find out whether someone is busy. On the other hand, Máng ne? is an example of the Chinese custom of greeting a person by stating the obvious. The speaker is simply acknowledging the fact that the listener is busy. The question mark following Máng ne? shows that the speaker is inviting the listener to comment. You might think of Máng ne? as something like the English “Well, it looks like you are working hard,” which invites a response like “Sure am” or “Oh, I’m really not doing much of anything.” Ne may be used in many sentences to comment on what the person being addressed is doing at the moment: Chī fàn ne? 吃飯呢？ Having dinner, I see? Zài zhèr ne? 在這兒呢？ Well, you’re here? Mǎi dōngxi ne? 買東西呢？ Doing some shopping, eh? These sentences are almost greetings in themselves. The overall intonation of the question Máng ma? is higher than that of a statement. The intonation of Máng ne? is somewhat lower. Listen carefully to the tape. Bù zěnme may precede a state verb. The expression would then mean “not especially,” “not particularly.” Wǒ bù zěnme xǐhuan nèiběn shū. 我不怎麽喜歡那本書。 I don’t particularly like that book. Wǒ bù zěnme qīngchu. 我不怎麽清楚。 I’m not particularly clear on this. (This isn’t very clear to me.) Wǒ jīntiān bù zěnme hǎo. 我今天不怎麽好。 I’m not particularly well today. Tā bù zěnme yǒu qián. 他不怎麽有錢。 He’s not especially rich. Wǒ bù zěnme xiǎng qù. 我不怎麽想去。 I don’t especially want to go. Contrast bù zěnme with bú zènme, “not as much as that”: Wǒ bú zenme xǐhuan kàn diànyǐngr. 我不怎麽喜歡看電影兒。 I don’t like to go to the movies that much, (i.e., as much as someone else just mentioned) [106] Wǒ bù zěnme xǐhuan kàn diànyǐngr. 我不怎麽喜歡看電影兒。 I don’t particularly like to go to the movies. 2. A: Wǒ Sìyue Shísìhào yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù. Qǐng ni gěi wo dìng yìzhāng fēijī piào. 我四月十四號要到廣州去。請你給我訂一張飛機票。 I’m going to Guǎngzhōu on April 14. Please reserve a plane ticket for me. B: Hǎo 好。 Sure. 3. B: Piào dìnghǎo le. 票訂好了。 The ticket has been reserved. A: Něibān fēijī? Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi? 那班飛機？幾點鐘起飛。 Which flight? What time does it take off? B: Jiǔdiǎn shíwǔfēn qǐfēi. 九點十五分起飛。 Note on No. 3 Dìnghǎo is a compound verb of result. When used as the final element in a compound verb of result, hǎo indicates that the action described by the initial verb has been brought to a successful conclusion. The same form of the verb, dìnghǎo, is used to describe an object having something done to it and a person doing something to an object. Piào dìnghǎo le. 票訂好了 The ticket has been reserved. Wǒ bǎ piào dìnghǎo le. 我把票訂好了 I have reserved the ticket. Here are additional examples of compounds with the result-ending -hǎo: Wǒmen yǐjīng shuōhǎo le. 我們已經説好了。 We have already come to an agreement about it. (We have already talked it out to a conclusion.) Nǐ xiǎnghǎo le meiyou? 你想好了沒有？ Have you reached a conclusion yet? (Have you thought it out to a conclusion yet?) Wǒ yǐjīng bǎ jīntiān wǎnshàng yào chīde dōngxi zuòhǎo le. 我已經把今天晚上要吃的東西做好了。 I have already finished making the things we are going to eat tonight. Nǐde xíngli zhǔnbèihǎo le ma? 你的行李准備好了嗎？ Is your luggage ready? [107] 4. A: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu ma? 這班飛機直飛廣州嗎？ Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu? B: Shì, zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu. 是，直飛廣州。 Yes, it flies directly to Guǎngzhōu. Notes on No. 4 Zhèibān fēijī, “this flight”: In Chinese, the specifier zhèi- is used to refer to what has Just been talked about. In English, “that” and “the” are used for the same purpose. The adverb zhí is not used in as many situations as is its English translation, “directly,” “straight.” In other contexts, the word for “directly” or “direct” would be zhíjiē, and the word for “straight” would be yìzhí. 5. A: Cóng Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiān? 從三里屯到飛機場要多少時間？ How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport? B: Yào sìshifēn zhōng. 要四十分鐘。 It takes forty minutes. 6. A: Rúguo wǒ bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, láidejí ba? 如果我八點鐘離開家，來得及吧？ If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right? B: Láidejí. 來得及。 Yes. Note on No. 6 Rúguo is one of the commonest words in Chinese for “if.” Another widely used word for “if” is yàoshi. (See Additional Required Vocabulary, No. 12.) You have already learned that the idea of “if” may be conveyed in Chinese without any special word: Zuò Gōnglùjú děi xiān mǎi piào ma? 坐公路局得先買票嗎？ If I take the bus, is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time? Bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā láidejí ba? 八點鐘離開家來得及吧？ If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right? [108] 7. A: Qǐng ni míngtiān zǎoshang pài ge chē lái jiē wo. 請你明天早上派個車來接我 Please send a car to pick me up tomorrow morning. B: Hǎo. Wǒ míngtiān bādiǎn zhōng pài chē sòng ni dào fēijīchǎng qu. 好。我明天八點鐘派車送你到飛機場去。 Okay. I’ll send a car at eight o’clock tomorrow to take you to the airport. Notes on No. 7 The verb pài means “to send/assign someone [to do something]. Ge: You have already learned that, when toneless, yíge means “a,” not “one.” In the first sentence of exchange 7, yǒu see that yíge can be reduced to the one syllable ge. This reduction happens most frequently when “a” follows the sentence verb. zhǎo ge ren 找個人 to look for someone (i.e., a person) chī ge píngguǒ 吃個蘋果 to eat an apple The verb jiē means “to meet,” as in “meeting someone at the station,” or “to get,” “to pick up,” as in “I’ll come by to get you (pick you up) about eight o’clock.” Pài ge chē lái jiē wo, literally “send a car to come pick me up”: In English, “come” may be omitted. In Chinese, lái must separate the action (pài ge chē) from the purpose of the action (jiē wo).Either lái or qù may be used to mark purpose expressions, depending on the direction of the action. The verb sòng means “to take/escort someone” in the last sentence of exchange 7. Sòng may also mean “to send” in the sense of “delivering an object,” in contrast with the verb pài, which means “to send a person.” Qǐng pài ge rén dào wǒ jiā lái. 請派個人到我家來。 Please send a man over to my house. Qǐng bǎ zhuōzi sòng dao wǒ jiā qù. 請把桌子送到我家去。 Please deliver the table to my house. [109] 8. -hǎo le 好了 to be satisfactorily completed 9. lǚguǎn 旅館 hotel 10. shuōhǎo le 説好了 to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on 11. xiǎnghǎo le 想好了 to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out 12. yàoshi 要是 if (alternate word for rúguǒ) 13. zuòhǎo le 做好了 to have finished doing (something); (something) has “been finished Note on Additional Required Vocabulary Lǚguǎn is the general term for any kind of hotel. When following a verb or the prepositional verb zài, lǚguǎn may be followed by the locational ending -li, “in,” or there may be no locative ending. This is also the case with other place words naming institutions, business establishments, and organizations. Tā zài zhèige lǚguǎnli (OR zài zhèige lǚguǎn) zhùle liǎngge yuè. 他在這個旅館裏（OR 在這個旅館）住了兩個月。 He stayed in this hotel for two months. [110] VOCABULARY BOOSTER Animals bear xióng 熊 camel luòtuo 駱駝 cat māo 貓 chicken jī 鷄 cow niú 牛 deer lù 鹿 dog gǒu 狗 donkey lǘ 驢 duck yā 鴨 elephant xiàng 象 fish yú 魚 fox húli 狐狸 goat shānyáng 山羊 horse mǎ 馬 lion shīzi 獅子 monkey hóuzi 猴子 mouse/rat lǎoshǔ 老鼠 panda xióngmǎo 熊貓 pig zhū 豬 sheep yáng 羊 tiger lǎohǔ 老虎 turkey huǒjī 火鷄 wolf láng 狼 [111] DRILLS A. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Qǐng ni gěi wo mǎi yìzhāng chuán piáo. 請你給我買一張船票。 (Please buy one boat ticket for me.) You: Qǐng ni gěi wo dìng yìzhāng chuán piào. 請你給我訂一張船票。 (Please reserve one boat ticket for me.) 2. Qǐng ni gěi Mǎ Xiānsheng mǎi liǎngzhāng huǒchē piào. 請你給馬先生買兩張火車票。 Qǐng ni gěi Mǎ Xiānsheng dìng liǎngzhāng huǒchē piào. 請你給馬先生訂兩張火車票。 3. Qǐng ni gěi Máo Tàitai mǎi yìzhāng gōnglùjúde chēpiào. 請你給毛太太買一張公路局的車票 Qǐng ni gěi Máo Tàitai dìng yìzhāng gōnglùjúde chēpiào. 請你給毛太太訂一張公路局的車票 4. Qǐng ni gěi Lín Xiǎojiě mǎi sānzhāng zhídáchēde chēpiào. 請你給林小姐買三張直達車的車票 Qǐng ni gěi Lín Xiǎojiě dìng sānzhāng zhídáchēde chēpiào. 請你給林小姐訂三張直達車的車票 5. Qǐng ni gěi Líu Nǚshì mǎi sānzhāng tèkuàichēde chēpiào. 請你給劉女士買三張特快車的車票。 Qǐng ni gěi Líu Nǚshì dìng sānzhāng tèkuàichēde chēpiào. 請你給劉女士訂三張特快車的車票。 6. Qǐng ni gěi Zhōu Xiānsheng mǎi liǎngzhāng fēijī piào. 請你給周先生買兩張飛機票。 Qǐng ni gěi Zhōu Xiānsheng dìng liǎngzhāng fēijī piào. 請你給周先生訂兩張飛機票。 7. Qǐng ni gěi Zhào Tàitai mǎi liǎngzhāng chuán piào. 請你給趙太太買兩張船票。 Qǐng ni gěi Zhào Tàitai dìng liǎngzhāng chuán piào. 請你給趙太太訂兩張船票。 B. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù. 我要到廣州去。 (I want to go to Guǎngzhōu.) (cue) huǒchē piào 火車票 You: Wǒ yào dào Guǎngzhōu qù, kéyi bu keyi dìng yìzhāng huǒchē piào? 我要到廣州去，可以不可以訂一張火車票？ (I want to go to Guǎngzhōu. May I reserve a train ticket?) 2. Wǒ yào dào Běijīng qù. 我要到北京去。 fēijī piào 飛機票 Wǒ yào dào Běijīng qù, kéyi bu keyi dìng yìzhāng fēijī piào? 我要到北京去，可以不可以訂一張飛機票？ 3. Wǒ yào dào Nánjīng qù. 我要到南京去。 tèkuàichēde piào 特快車的票 Wo yào dào Nánjīng qù, kéyi bu keyi dìng yìzhāng tèkuàichēde piào? 我要到南京去，可以不可以訂一張特快車的票？ 4. Wǒ yào dào Qīngdǎo qù. 我要到青島去。 chuán piào。 船票 Wǒ yào dào Qīngdǎo qù, kéyi bu keyi dìng yìzhāng chuán piào? 我要到青島去，可以不可以訂一張船票？ 5. Wǒ yào dào Tiānjīn qù. 我要到天津去。 qìchē piào 汽車票 Wǒ yào dào Tiānjīn qù, kéyi bu keyi dìng yìzhāng qìchē piào? 我要到天津去，可以不可以訂一張汽車票？ [112] 6. Wo yào dào Hángzhōu qù. 我要到杭州去。 fēijī piào 飛機票 Wǒ yào dào Hángzhōu qù, kéyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng fēijī piào? 我要到杭州去，可以不可以訂一張飛機票？ 7. Wǒ yào dào Sūzhōu qù. 我要到蘇州去。 zhídáchēde piào 直達車票 Wǒ yào dào Sūzhōu qù, kéyi bu keyi ding yìzhāng zhídāchēde piào? 我要到蘇州去，可以不可以訂一張直達車票？ C. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Zuòhǎo le ma? 做好了嗎？ (Have you finished doing it?) (cue) no You: Méi zuòhǎo ne. 沒做好呢。 (I haven’t finished doing it.) 2. Shuōhǎo le ma? 説好了嗎？ yes Shuōhǎo le. 説好了。 3. Xiǎnghǎo le ma? 想好了嗎？ soon Kuài xiǎnghǎo le. 快想好了。 4. Dìnghǎo le ma? 訂好了嗎？ not yet Hái méi dìnghǎo ne. 還沒訂好。 5. Shuōhǎo le ma? 説好了嗎？ no Méi shuōhǎo ne. 沒説好呢。 6. Zuòhǎo le ma? 做好了嗎？ soon Kuài zuòhǎo le. 快做好了。 7. Xiǎnghǎo le ma? 想好了嗎？ not yet Hái méi Xiǎnghǎo ne 還沒想好呢。 D. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Něibān fēijī? 哪班飛機？ (Which flight?) You: Něibān fēijī? Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi? 哪班飛機？幾點鐘起飛？ (Which flight? What time does it take off?) OR Něibān huǒchē? 哪班火車？ (Which train?) Něibān huǒchē? Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 哪班火車？幾點鐘開？ (Which train? What time does it leave?) 2. Něibān qìchē? 哪班汽車？ Něibān qìchē? Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 哪班汽車？幾點鐘開？ 3. Něibān fēijī? 哪班飛機？ Něibān fēijī? Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi? 哪班飛機？幾點鐘起飛？ [113] 4. Něibān zhídáchē? 哪班直達車？ Něibān zhídáchē? Jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi? 哪班直達車？幾點鐘開？ 5. Něibān tèkuàichē? 哪班特快車？ Něibān tèkuàichē? Jǐdiǎn zhong kāi? 哪班特快車？幾點鐘開？ 6. Něibān fēijī? 哪班飛機？ Něibān fēijī? Jǐdian zhōng qǐfēi? 哪班飛機？幾點鐘起飛？ E. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guǎngzhōu ma? 這班飛機直飛廣州嗎？ (Does this flight go directly to Guǎngzhōu?) (cue) Nánjīng 南京 You: Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Nánjīng ma? 這班飛機直飛南京嗎？ (Does this flight go directly to Nánjīng?) 2. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Nǎnjīng ma? 這班飛機直飛南京嗎？ Shànghǎi 上海 Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Shànghǎi ma? 這班飛機直飛上海嗎？ 3. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Shànghǎi ma? 這班飛機直飛上海嗎？ Běijīng 北京 Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Běijīng ma? 這班飛機直飛北京嗎？ 4. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Běijīng ma? 這班飛機直飛北京嗎？ Wǔhàn 武漢 Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Wǔhàn ma? 這班飛機直飛武漢嗎？ 5. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Wǔhàn ma? 這班飛機直飛武漢嗎？ Sūzhōu 蘇州 Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Sūzhōu ma? 這班飛機直飛蘇州嗎？ 6. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Sūzhōu ma? 這班飛機直飛蘇州嗎？ Qīngdǎo 青島 Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Qīngdǎo ma? 這班飛機直飛青島嗎？ 7. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Qīngdǎo ma? 這班飛機直飛青島嗎？ [114] F. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Cóng Sānlǐtún dào huǒchēzhàn yào duōshao shíjiān? 從三里屯到火車站要多少時間？ (How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the train station?) (cue) duōshaofēn zhōng 多少分鐘 You: Cóng Sānlǐtún dào huǒchēzhàn yào duōshaofēn zhōng? 從三里屯到火車站要多少分鐘？ (How many minutes from Sānlǐtún to the train station?) 2. Cóng Dōngdān dào Wǎngfǔjǐng Dàjiē yào duōshao shíjiān? 從東單到王府井大街要多少時間？ duōshao shíhou 多少時候 Cóng Dōngdān dào Wǎngfǔjǐng Dàjiē yào duōshao shíhou? 從東單到王府井大街要多少時候？ 3. Cóng Chángān Jiē dào Rìtánlù yào duōshao shíjiān? 從長安街到日壇路要多少時間？ jǐfēn zhōng 幾分鐘 Cóng Chángān jiē dào Rìtánlù yào jǐfēn zhōng? 從長安街到日壇路要幾分鐘？ 4. Cóng Běijīng dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao shíjiān? 從北京到廣州要多少時間？ jǐtiān 幾天 Cóng Běijīng dào Guǎngzhōu yào jǐtiān? 從北京到廣州要幾天？ 5. Cóng Nánjīng dào Shànghǎi yào duōshao shíjiān? 從南京到上海要多少時間？ duōshao xiǎoshí 多少小時 Cóng Nánjīng dào Shànghǎi yào duōshao xiǎoshí? 從南京到上海要多少小時？ 6. Cóng Hǎngzhōu dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao shíjiān? 從杭州到廣州要多少時間？ duōshao xiǎoshí 多少小時 Cóng Hǎngzhōu dào Guǎngzhōu yào duōshao xiǎoshí? 從杭州到廣州要多少小時？ 7. Cóng Guānghuálù dào huǒchēzhàn yào duōshao shíjiān? 從光華路到火車站要多少時間？ duōshaofēn zhōng 多少鐘 Cóng Guānghuálù dào huǒchēzhàn yào duōshaofēn zhōng? 從光華路到火車站要多少鐘？ G. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Rúguō wǒ bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, láidejí ma? 如果我八點鐘離開家，來得及嗎？ (if I leave home at eight o’clock, can I make it?) You: Rúguǒ wǒ bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, shénme shíhou dào? 如果我八點鐘離開家，什麽時候到？ (If I leave home at eight o’clock, what time will I arrive?) 2. Rúguǒ wǒ shídiǎn zhōng líkāi xuéxiào, láidejí ma? 如果我十點鐘離開學校，來得及嗎？ Rúguǒ wǒ shídiǎn zhōng líkāi xuexiào shěnme shíhou dào? 如果我十點鐘離開學校什麽時候到？ [115] 3. Rúguǒ Lǐ Xiānsheng shíyīdiǎn shifēn líkāi Dàshiguǎn, láidejí ma? 如果李先生十一點十分離開大使館，來得及嗎？ Rúguǒ Lī Xiānsheng shíyīdiǎn shífēn líkāi Dàshiguǎn, shénme shíhou dào? 如果李先生十一點十分離開大使館，什麽時候到？ 4. Rúguǒ Zhang Nǚshì shíyuè qíhào líkāi zhèli, láidejí ma? 如果張女士十月七號離開這裏，來得及嗎？ Rúguǒ Zhāng Nǚshì shíyuè qíhào líkāi zhèli, shénme shíhou dào? 如果張女士十月七號離開這裏，什麽時候到？ 5. Rúguǒ tā sìdiǎnbàn líkāi fàndiàn, láidejí ma? 如果他四點半離開飯店，來得及嗎？ Rúguǒ tā sìdiǎnbàn líkāi fàndiàn, shénme shíhou dào? 如果他四點半離開飯店，什麽時候到？ 6. Rúguǒ nǐ zǎoshang qīdiǎn zhong líkāi jiā, láidejí ma? 如果早上七點鐘離開家，來得及嗎？ Rúguǒ nǐ zǎoshang qīdiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, shénme shíhou dào? 如果早上七點鐘離開家，什麽時候到？ 7. Rúguǒ tāmen xiànzài líkāi chēzhǎn, láidejí ma? 如果他們現在離開車站，來得及嗎？ Rúguǒ tāmen xiànzài líkāi chēzhàn, shénme shíhou dào? 如果他們現在離開車站，什麽時候到？ H. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Qǐng ni lái jiē wo. 請你來接我。 (Please pick me up.) You: Qǐng ni pài ge chē lái jiē wo. 請你派個車來接我。 (Please send a car to pick me up.) 2. Qǐng ni lái jiē ta. 請你來接他。 Qǐng ni pài ge chē lái jiē ta. 請你派個車來接他。 3. Qǐng ni qù jiē tamen. 請你去接他們。 Qǐng ni pài ge chē qù jiē tamen. 請你派個車去接他們。 4. Qǐng ni qù jiē ta. 請你去接他。 Qǐng ni pài ge chē qù jiē ta. 請你派個車去接他。 5. Qǐng ni sòng wo qù. 請你送我去。 Qǐng ni pài ge chē sòng wo qù. 請你派個車送我去。 6. Qǐng ni lái jiē ta. 請你來接他。 Qǐng ni pài ge chē lái jiē ta. 請你派個車來接他。 7. Qǐng ni sòng tamen qù. 請你送他們去。 Qǐng ni pài ge chē sòng tamen qù. 請你派個車送他們去。 [116] I. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ sòng ni dào fēijīchǎng qù. 我送你到飛機場去。 (I’ll take you to the airport.) You: Wǒ pài chē sòng ni dào fēijīchǎng qù. 我派車送你到飛機場去。 (I’ll send a car to take you to the airport.) 2. Wǒ sòng ni dào huǒchēzhàn qù. 我送你到火車站去。 Wǒ pài chē sòng ni dào huǒchēzhàn qù. 我派車送你到火車站去。 3. Wǒ sòng ni dào qìchēzhàn qù. 我送你到汽車站。 Wǒ pài chē sòng ni dào qìchēzhàn qù. 我派車送你到汽車站。 4. Wǒ sòng ni dào tā jiā qù. 我送你到他家去。 Wǒ pài chē sòng ni dào tā jiā qù. 我派車送你到他家去。 5. Wǒ sòng ni dào yínháng qù. 我送你到銀行去。 Wǒ pài chē sòng ni dào yínháng qù. 我派車送你到銀行去。 6. Wǒ sòng ni dào dàshiguǎn qù. 我送你到大使館去。 Wǒ pài chē sòng ni dào dàshiguǎn qù. 我派車送你到大使館去。 7. Wǒ sòng ni dào fēijīchǎng qù. 我送你到飛機場去。 Wǒ pài chē sòng ni dào fēijīchǎng qù. 我派車送你到飛機場去。 [117] UNIT 8 REFERENCE LIST (in Běijīng) 1. B: Hǎo jiǔ méi jiàn, nín chū mén le ba? 好久不見，您出門了吧？ I haven’t seen you for a long time, You have been away, I suppose? A: Shì a, wǒ yòu dào Guǎngzhōu qu le. 是啊，我又到廣州去了。 Yes, I went to Guǎngzhōu again. 2. B: Nín wèishénme gāng huílai, yòu qù le ne? 您爲什麽剛回來，又去了呢？ Why did you go again when you had just come back from there? A: Wǒ zhèicì dào Guǎngzhōu qù shi yīnwei wǒ yǒu yige hěn hǎode péngyou cóng Xiānggǎng lái. 我這次到廣州去是因爲我有一個很好的朋友從香港來。 This time I went to Guǎngzhōu because I had a very good friend coming there from Hong Kong. 3. A: Wǒmen yǒu yìnián méi jiàn le. 我們有一年沒見了。 We had not seen each other for a year. A: Tā qǐng wo péi ta yìqǐ qù lǚxíng. 她請我陪她一起去旅行。 She asked me to accompany her (in her) travels. 4. A: Sānge yuè yǐqián wǒ zài Guǎngzhōu, nèige shíhou tā hái bù zhīdào néng bu néng lái. 三個月以前我在廣州，那個時候她還不知道能不能來。 Three months ago, when I was in Guǎngzhōu, she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come or not. 5. B: Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? 你們都去過什麽地方？ What places did you go to? A: Nánjīng, Shànghǎi, Hángzhōu, Sūzhōu, dōu qù le. Hángzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang. 南京，上海，杭州，蘇州，都去了。杭州真是漂亮。 We went to Nánjīng, Shànghǎi, Hángzhōu, and Sūzhōu. Hángzhōu is really beautiful. 6. A: Yǒu jīhui wǒ yào zài qù yícì. 有機會我要再去幾次。 If I have the chance, I would like to go again. 7. A: Zhèixiě dìfang nǐ dōu qùguo le ba? 這些地方你都去過了吧。 You have gone to all those places, I suppose? B: Méi dōu qùguo. Wǒ hái méi qùguo Sūzhōu. 沒都去過。我還沒去過蘇州。 I haven’t been to all of them. I still haven’t been to Sūzhōu. [118] 8. huí guó 回國 to return to one’s native country 9. huí jiā 回家 to come/go home 10. huíqu 回去 to go back ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) 11. rènao 熱鬧 to be lively/bustling/noisy 12. yǒu yìsi 有意思 to be interesting 13. méi(yǒu) yìsi 沒(有)意思 to be uninteresting 14. suǒyǐ (suóyi) 所以 therefore, so [119] VOCABULARY chū mén (chū ménr) 出門 (出門兒) to go out, to go away from home, to go out of town gāng 剛 only a short while ago, just Hángzhōu 杭州 (a city in Zhèjiang Province in the PRC, formerly spelled Hangchow) hǎo jiǔ 好久 a long time huí 回 to return to, to go back to huí guó 回國 to return to one’s native country huí jiā 回家 to return home huílai 回來 to come back huíqu to return to one’s native country 回去 to go back jiàn 見 to meet, to see jīhui 機會 opportunity, chance méi(yǒu) yìsi 沒(有)意思 to be uninteresting néng 能 can; to be able to péi 陪 to accompany piàoliang 漂亮 to be beautiful qǐng 請 to request, to invite rènao 熱鬧 to be lively/bustling/noisy suǒyǐ (suóyi) 所以 (所以) therefore, so Sūzhōu 蘇州 (a city in Jiāngsū Province in the PRC, formerly spelled Soochow) wèishénme 爲什麽 why yīnwei 因爲 because yìqǐ 一起 together, along with yòu 又 again yǒu yìsi 有意思 (with completed actions) to be interesting zài 再 again (with uncompleted actions) [120] (introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes) huār kāile 花兒開了 the flowers have bloomed (literally, “opened”) jiānglái 將來 in the future shōudao 收到 to receive yǒumíngde dìfang 有名的地方 famous place zuìjìn 最近 recently Běijīng Workers’ Stadium [121] REFERENCE NOTES 1. B: Hǎo jiǔ méi jiàn, nín chū mén le ba? 好久不見，您出門了吧？ I haven’t seen you for a long time, You have been away, I suppose? A: Shì a, wǒ yòu dào Guǎngzhōu qu le. 是啊，我又到廣州去了。 Yes, I went to Guǎngzhōu again. Notes on No. 1 Hǎo jiǔ, “very long”: In this phrase, the word hǎo means “very.” Some additional examples of this use of hǎo are hǎo dà 好大 very large hǎo duō rén 好多人 a good many people hǎo jitiān 好幾天 quite a few days Persons from Taiwan frequently use hǎo, “very,” before another hǎo, as in Hǎo hǎowan! “What fun.”’ and Hǎo hǎochī! “Delicious!” Speakers from Běijīng think that this repetition of hǎo sounds bad. The verb jiàn means “to see someone” in the sense of “to visit/talk with someone.” The verb kànjian is used for “to see” in the sense of “to perceive an object.” Chū mén means “to go out,” “to go away from home,” “to go out of town”; literally, “to go out the door.” Yòu is the word for “again” which is used with completed actions. (See notes on No. 6 for “again” with actions that have not been completed.) Òu, nǐ yòu lái le! 哦，你又來了！ Oh, yǒu have come again! Qìshuǐ yòu méiyou le. 汽水又沒有了。 We are out of soda again. Tā zuótiān méi shàng kè. Jīntiān yòu méi shàng kè. 他昨天沒上課。今天又沒上課。 Yesterday he didn’t attend class. Today, again, he didn’t attend class. [122] 2. B: Nín wèishénme gāng huílai, yòu qù le ne? 您爲什麽剛回來，又去了呢？ Why did you go again when you had just come back from there? A: Wǒ zhèicì dào Guǎngzhōu qù shi yīnwei wǒ yǒu yige hěn hǎode péngyou cóng Xiānggǎng lái. 我這次到廣州去是因爲我有一個很好的朋友從香港來。 This time I went to Guǎngzhōu because I had a very good friend coming there from Hong Kong. Notes on No. 2 Wèishénme, “why,” follows the subject in the first sentence of exchange 2. This question word usually occurs in that position. (In English, “why” always precedes the subject.) Nǐ wèishénme yòu qù le ne? 你 爲什麽 又去了嗎？ (Why did you go again?) Sometimes wèishénme precedes the subject of a sentence: Wèishénme tā méi qù? 爲什麽 他 沒去？ Tā wèishénme méi qù? 他 爲什麽 沒去？ “Why didn’t he go?” Gāng, “only a short while ago,” “just”: The first sentence in the exchange could also be translated as “Why, having just come back from there, did you go again?” The adverb gāng is used in sentences describing something that has just been done, in other words, completed action. But notice that the marker le for completion is not used here. The marker le is added when the focus is on whether or not the action has been performed, not on when or how it was performed. Gāng is often used in sentences emphasizing the recentness of an action, not the fact that it was done; therefore le is not used. Nǐ shi shénme shíhou láide? 你是什麽時候來的？ When did you come here? Gāng lái. 剛來， I Just got here. Nǐ mèimei zài bu zài? 你妹妹在不在？ Is your little sister here? Tā gāng zǒu. 她剛走。 She just left. Huí, “to return,” “to go back”: Like chū, “to go out,” and jìn, “to enter,” huí must be followed by either a place word or a directional ending. huí Běijīng 回北京 to return to Běijīng huíguó 回國 to return to one’s native country huíjiā 回家 to return home huílai 回來 to come back huíqu 回去 to go back [123] The meaning of huílai is not as broad as that of the English translation “to come back,” which has two meanings: 1) to come from someplace else to the original place (“He leaves for work at eight and doesn’t come back till six.”) and 2) to come another time (“Mr. Wang isn’t in today; come back tomorrow.”) Huílai means “to return to a particular place.” To say “to come another time” in Chinese, you would use an adverb meaning “again” and the verb lái. For example, Wáng Xiānsheng jīntiān bú zài, qǐng ni míngtiān zài lái. 王先生今天不在，請你明天來。 Mr. Wang isn’t in today; please come back tomorrow. Nèige rén zuótiān yòu lái zhǎo ni, nǐ bú zài. 那個人昨天又來找你，你不在。 That guy came back looking for you yesterday, but you were out. Ne: Because of the question word wèishénme, “why,” the first sentence in exchange 2 is clearly a question. The marker ne is not needed to indicate a question, but does give an added ring of inquisitiveness to the sentence. Questions ending in ne often seem to be asking for definite answers. Yīnwei, “because”: Here are some simpler sentences containing yīnwei: Nǐ wèishénme méi lái? 你爲什麽沒來？ Why didn’t you come? Yīnwei wǒ hěn máng. 因爲我很忙。 Because I was very busy. Nǐ wèishénme láiwǎn le? 你爲什麽來晚了？ Why did you come late? Yīnwei wǒ zǒucuò le. 因爲我走錯了。 Because I made a wrong turn. Nǐ wèishénme yòu qù le? 你爲什麽又去了？ Why did you go again? Yīnwei wǒde péngyou cóng Xiānggǎng lái. 因爲我的朋友從香港來。 Because my friend was coming from Hong Kong. The word order in the second sentence of exchange 2 may be described in terms of a pattern: SENTENCE shi yīnwei SENTENCE 因爲 Wǒ zhèicì dào Guǎngzhōu qù 我這次到廣州去 wǒ yǒu yige hěn hǎode péngyou cóng Xiānggǎng lái. 我有一個很好的朋友從香港來。 The phrase hěn hǎode péngyou contains the marker of modification -de. The modifying phrase ADVERB + ADJECTIVAL VERB (e.g., zuì xiǎo, tài gāo) is followed by -de. Therefore hǎo péngyou does not need -de, but hen hǎode péngyou does. The verb yǒu is translated in the past tense in the second sentence of this exchange: “I HAD a . . . friend coming.” Notice that there is no completed-action marker in the sentence. Yǒu cannot be used with a completed-action marker because it is a STATE verb, not an action verb. (See notes on Nos. 7-8 in BIO, Unit 8, and on No. 4 in this unit.) [124] 3. A: Wǒmen yǒu yìnián méi jiàn le. 我們有一年沒見了。 We had not seen each other for a year. A: Tā qǐng wo péi ta yìqǐ qù lǚxíng. 她請我陪她一起去旅行。 She asked me to accompany her (in her) travels. Notes on No. 3 Yǒu yìnián méi: To state the period of time within which something has not happened, place the amount of time in front of the negative and the verb. The verb yǒu may be placed in front of the amount of time. Wǒmen (yǒu) sānnián méi jiàn le. 我們 有 三年 沒見了。 (as for us there have been 3 years haven’t met) “We haven’t seen each other for three years.” In this example, new-situation le might be translated as “as of now.” When you are talking about a period of time within which something will not happen, the same pattern is used, but yǒu may NOT be added: Wǒ liǎngtiān bù chīfan. 我 兩天 不吃飯。 “I’m not going to eat for two days.” The verb qǐng, which you have already learned as “please,” means “to request [that a person do something]” or “to invite.” Normally, when you qǐng someone to take a trip or to go out, you are saying that you will pay all expenses. 4. A: Sānge yuè yǐqián wǒ zài Guǎngzhōu, nèige shíhou tā hái bù zhīdào néng bu néng lái. 三個月以前我在廣州，那個時候她還不知道能不能來。 Three months ago, when I was in Guǎngzhōu, she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come or not. Notes on No. 4 Yǐqián, “ago”: You have already seen yǐqián used after a phrase to mean “before.” Wǒ shàng bān yǐqián, wo mǎi diǎnr chīde. 我上班以前，我買點兒吃的。 Before I start work, I will buy something to eat. [125] In No. 4, yǐqián is used after an amount of time to mean “ago.” Liǎngnián yǐqián, wǒ méiyou qìchē. 兩年以前，我沒有汽車。 Two years ago, I didn’t have a car. Néng, “can,” “to be able to,” “to be capable of”: The most general word in Chinese for “to be able to” is néng. The meanings of néng and kéyi “to be permitted by someone” or “permissible according to some rules or conventions,” overlap. Nèige shíhou tā hái bù zhīdào: The negative is bù, even though the sentence refers to the past. The negative méi cannot be used here because it is the negative of completed action. The verb zhīdao, like the verb you and adjectival verbs such as hǎo, is a state verb and cannot be thought of as completed. Since the negative of a state verb is the same in the present and past tenses, the intended time must be discovered from the context. One reason for using nèige shíhou in No. 4 is to make the time reference very clear. STATE VERBS include all adjectival verbs, auxiliary verbs, and a few other verbs. Here are some examples: STATE VERBS Adjectival Verbs dà 大 xiǎo 小 guì 貴 piányi 便宜 kuài 快 màn 慢 duō 多 shǎo 少 gāoxìng 高興 Auxiliaries huì 會 kéyi 可以 néng 能 děi 得 bú bì 不必 yào 要 xiǎng 想 Others shì 是 zài 在 yǒu 有 xìng 姓 jiào 叫 zhīdao 知道 xǐhuan 喜歡 Yījiǔsānyīnián dōngxi dōu bú guì. 一九三一年東西都不貴。 In 1931, everything was inexpensive. Wǒ zài Déguode shíhou bú huì shuō Déguo huà. 我在德國時候不會説德國話。 When I was in Germany, I couldn’t speak German. Wǒ yǐqián bù xǐhuan niàn shū. 我以前不喜歡念書。 Before, I didn’t like to study. Bù zhīdào néng bu néng lái, “didn’t know if she would be able to come”: The object of the verb zhīdao is a choice-type question, néng bu néng lái. Here are more examples of this usage: Wǒ bù zhīdào hái yǒu méiyou. 我不知道還有沒有。 I don’t know if there are any left. Nǐ wènwen tā mǎile méiyou. 你問問他買了沒有。 Ask him if he bought it. Wǒ xiǎng zhīdao tāmen lái bu lái. 我想知道他們來不來。 I would like to know if they are coming or not. [126] English-speaking students of Chinese are often tempted to translate “if” as rúguǒ or yàoshi; to do so, however, is wrong. The following rule may help you remember to use a choice-type question: Whenever the “if” in an English sentence means “whether,” use a choice-type question in Chinese. For example, “I would like to know if they are coming” means “I would like to know whether they are coming”; therefore, in Chinese, you would use a choice-type question as the object of the verb zhīdao. 5. B: Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? 你們都去過什麽地方？ What places did you go to? A: Nánjīng, Shànghǎi, Hángzhōu, Sūzhōu, dōu qù le. Hángzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang. 南京，上海，杭州，蘇州，都去了。杭州真是漂亮。 We went to Nánjīng, Shànghǎi, Hángzhōu, and Sūzhōu. Hángzhōu is really beautiful. Notes on No. 5 Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? is ambiguous. It could mean either “What places did all of you go to?” or “What are all the places that you went to?” You already know that dōu may refer to an object when that object precedes the verb, in topic position. (See the second sentence in exchange 5.) In this first sentence of the exchange, dōu is referring to an object which occurs after the verb. When an object includes a question word, it is not placed before dōu in the sentence. Tā dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? 他都去過什麽地方？ What are all the places that he went to? Tā dōu niànguo shénme shū? 他都念過什麽書？ What are all the books that she has read? Tā dōu mǎiguo shénme dōngxi? 他都買過什麽東西？ What are all the things that he bought ? The shi in Hángzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang has been added for emphasis. Shi is not required before adjectival verbs. [127] 6. A: Yǒu jīhui wǒ yào zài qù yícì. 有機會我要再去幾次。 If I have the chance, I would like to go again. Notes on No. 6 The adverb zài means “again” in talking about actions that have not been completed. (This adverb was translated previously in your text as “then” in commands.) Míngtiān zài lái ba! 明天再來吧！ Come again tomorrow. Qǐng ni zài shuō yícì. 請你再説一次。 Please say it again. Yícì means “one occurrence of going,” or “one trip,” in this sentence. (The English translation does not include an equivalent of yícì.) 7. A: Zhèixiě dìfang nǐ dōu qùguo le ba? 這些地方你都去過了吧。 You have gone to all those places, I suppose? B: Méi dōu qùguo. Wǒ hái méi qùguo Sūzhōu. 沒都去過。我還沒去過蘇州。 I haven’t been to all of them. I still haven’t been to Sūzhōu. Note on No. 7 Méi dōu, “not all”: In the second sentence of exchange 7, the negative méi precedes the adverb dōu. Placing a negative before dōu instead of after it changes the meaning of the phrase. Compare the sentences below: Tāmen dōu bù lai. 他們都不來。 They are all not coming. (All of them are not coming.) Tāmen bù dōu lai. 他們不都來。 Not all of them are coming. Wǒ dōu méi qùguo. 我都沒去過。 I haven’t been to any of them. Wǒ méi dōu qùguo. 我沒都去過。 I haven’t been to all of them. [128] 8. huí guó 回國 to return to one’s native country 9. huí jiā 回家 to come/go home 10. huíqu 回去 to go back 11. rènao 熱鬧 to be lively/bustling/noisy 12. yǒu yìsi 有意思 to be interesting 13. méi(yǒu) yìsi 沒(有)意思 to be uninteresting 14. suǒyī (suóyi) 所以 therefore, so Note on Additional Required Vocabulary Suǒyī (also pronounced suóyi) is the word “therefore,” “so.” Wǒ hěn máng, suóyi méi qù. 我很忙，所以沒去。 I was very busy, so I didn’t go. In Chinese sentences expressing cause and result, the pattern yīnwei... suóyi... is preferred. English speakers often find difficulty in using this pattern because it sounds unnatural in English to say “Because I was very busy, so I didn’t go.” In English, either “because” or “so” would be omitted; but, in Chinese, both yīnwei and suóyi are often retained. Yīnwei wǒ hěn máng, suóyi méi qù. 因爲我很忙，所以沒去。 I was very busy, so I didn’t go. (OR “Because I was very busy, I didn’t go.”) Yīnwei tā shi hǎo xuésheng, suóyi lǎoshī dōu xǐhuan ta. 因爲他是好學生，所以老師都喜歡他。 Because he is a good student, all the teachers like him. Yīnwei wǒ méiyou hùzhào, suóyi xiànzài wǒ hái bù néng líkāi. 因爲我沒有護照，所以現在我還不能離開。 I don’t have a passport, so I can’t leave yet. (OR “Because I don’t have a passport, I can’t leave yet.”) Yīnwei wǒ yào dào Zhōngguo qù, suóyi wǒ yào xué Zhōngwén. 因爲我要到中國去，所以我要學中文。 I have to learn Chinese because I’m going to go to China. Yīnwei wǒ méiyou chē, suóyi wǒ bù néng zhùde lí xuéxiào tài yuǎn. 因爲我沒有車，所以我不能住的離學校太遠。 I don’t have a car, so I can’t live too far away from school. (OR “Because I don’t have a car, I can’t live too far away from school.”) Notice that suóyi always precedes the subject of the sentence. Suóyi may also mean “that’s why...”: “That’s why you came here by plane.” Suóyi ni shi zuò fēijī láide. When used this way, the word suóyi is stressed. [129] DRILLS A. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Tā chū mén le. 他出門了。 (He has gone out.) You: Tā yòu chū mén le ma? 他又出門了嗎。 (Has he gone out again?) 2. Tā dào Zhōngguo qù le. 他到中國去了。 Tā yòu dào Zhōngguo qù le ma? 他又到中國去了嗎。 3. Tā niàn shū le. 他念書了。 Tā yòu niàn shū le ma? 他又念書了嗎。 4. Tā shàngqu le. 他上去了· Tā yòu shàngqu le ma? 他又上去了嗎· 5. Tā dào péngyou jiā qù le. 他到朋友家去了。 Tā yòu dào péngyou jiā qù le ma? 他又到朋友家去了嗎。 6. Tā lái le. 他來了。 Tā yòu lái le ma? 他又來了嗎。 7. Tā huíqu le. 他回去了。 Tā yòu huíqu le ma? 他又回去了嗎。 B. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ yào kàn yíge péngyou. 我要看一個朋友。 (I want to see a friend.) You: Wǒ zhèicì qù shi yào kàn yíge péngyou. 我這次去是要看一個朋友。 (The reason I’m going this time is [that] I want to see a friend.) 2. Wǒ yào mǎi yiběn Zhōngguo zìdiǎn. 我要買一本中國字典。 Wo zhèicì qù shi yào mǎi yìběn Zhōngguo zìdiān. 我這次去是要買一本中國字典。 3. Tā xiǎng mǎi yige huāpíng. 他想買一個花瓶。 Tā zhèicì qù shi xiǎng mǎi yige huāpíng. 他這次去是想買一個花瓶。 4. Tā yào kànkan mǔqin. 他要看看母親。 Tā zhèicì qù shi yào kànkan mǔqin. 他這次去是要看看母親。 5. Tā dǎsuan qù huàn yìdiǎn qián. 他打算去換一點錢。 Tā zhèicì qù shi dǎsuan qù huàn yìdiǎn qián. 他這次去是打算去換一點錢。 6. Tā xiǎng xué Zhōngwén. 他想學中文。 Tā zhèicì qù shi xiǎng xué Zhōngwén. 他這次去是想學中文。 7. Tā dǎsuan mǎi yìdiān dōngxi. 他打算買一點東西。 Tā zhèicì qù shi dǎsuan mǎi yìdiān dōngxi. 他這次去是打算買一點東西。 [130] C. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi qù le. 我有一年沒去了。 (cue) kànjian ta 看見他 (I haven’t gone for a year.) You: Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi kànjian ta le. 我有一年沒看見他了。 (I haven’t seen him for a year. 2. Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi kànjian ta le. 我有一年沒沒看見他了。 dào Shànghǎi qù 到上海去 Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi dào Shànghǎi qù le. 我有一年沒沒到上海去了。 3. Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi dào Shànghǎi qù le. 我有一年沒沒到上海去了。 kàn Zhongwén bào 看中文報 Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi kàn Zhongwén bào le. 我有一年沒沒看中文報了。 4. Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi kàn Zhongwén bào le. 我有一年沒沒看中文報了。 qù kàn ta 去看他 Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi qù kàn ta le. 我有一年沒沒去看他了。 5. Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi qù kàn ta le. 我有一年沒沒去看他了。 zuò fēijī 坐飛機 Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi zuò fēijī le. 我有一年沒沒坐飛機了。 6. Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi zuò fēijī le. 我有一年沒沒坐飛機了。 dào zhèr lái 到這兒來 Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi dào zhèr lái le. 我有一年沒沒到這兒來了。 7. Wǒ yǒu yìnián méi dào zhèr lái le. 我有一年沒沒到這兒來了。 D. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ gēge qǐng wo péi ta qù lǚxíng. 我哥哥請我陪他去旅行。 (My older brother asked me to accompany him [in his] travels.) You: Wǒ děi péi wo gēge qù lǚxíng. 我得陪我哥哥去旅行。 (I must accompany my older brother [in his] travels.) 2. Wǒ jiějie qǐng wo péi ta qù mǎi dōngxi. 我姐姐請我陪他去買東西。 Wǒ děi péi wǒ jiějie qù mǎi dongxi. 我得陪我姐姐去買東西。 3. Wǒ àiren qǐng wo péi ta qù kàn péngyou. 我愛人請我陪他去看朋友。 Wǒ děi péi wǒ àiren qù kàn péngyou. 我得陪我愛人去看朋友。 4. Zhāng Tóngzhì qǐng wo péi ta dào Běijīng qù. 張同志請我陪他到北京去。 Wǒ děi péi Zhāng Tóngzhì dào Běijīng qù. 我得陪張同志到北京去。 5. Lǐ Tóngzhì qǐng wo péi ta dào bówùguǎn qù. 李同志請我陪他到博物館去。 Wǒ děi péi Lǐ Tóngzhì dào bówùguǎn qù. 我得陪李同志到博物館去。 [131] 6. Tā qǐng wo péi ta qù mǎi shū. 他請我陪他去買書。 Wǒ děi péi ta qù mǎi shū. 我得陪他去買書。 7. Tā qǐng wo péi ta qù huàn qiǎn. 他請我陪他去換錢。 Wǒ děi péi ta qù huàn qiǎn. 我得陪他去換錢。 E. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào néng bu néng lái. 他那個時候還不知道能不能來。 (At that time he did not yet know whether or not he would be able to come.) (cue) shénme shíhou 什麽時候 You: Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào shénme shíhou lái. 他那個時候還不知道什麽時候來。 (At that time he did not yet know what time to come.) 2. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào shénme shíhou lái. 他那個時候還不知道什麽時候來。 xīngqījǐ 星期幾 Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào xīngqījǐ lái. 他那個時候還不知道星期幾來。 3. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào xīngqījǐ lái. 他那個時候還不知道星期幾來。 kéyi bu keyi 可以不可以 Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào kéyi bu keyi lái. 他那個時候還不知道可以不可以來。 4. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào kéyi bu keyi lái. 他那個時候還不知道可以不可以來。 jǐyuè 幾月 Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào jǐyuè lái. 他那個時候還不知道幾月來。 5. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào jǐyuè lái. 他那個時候還不知道幾月來。 néng bu néng 能不能 Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào néng bu néng lái. 他那個時候還不知道能不能來。 6. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào néng bu néng lái. 他那個時候還不知道能不能來。 jǐhào 幾號 Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào jǐhào lái. 他那個時候還不知道幾號來。 7. Tā nèige shíhou hái bù zhīdào jǐhào lái. 他那個時候還不知道幾號來。 [132] F. Response Drill 1. Speaker： Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? 你們都去過什麽地方？ (What places did you go to?) (cue) Shànghǎi, Nánjīng 上海，南京 You: Shànghǎi, Nánjīng wǒmen dōu qù le. 上海，南京我們都去過。 (We went to both Shànghǎi and Nánjīng.) 2. Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? 你們都去過什麽地方？ nǐ shuōde 你説的 Nǐ shuōde nàixiē dìfang wǒmen dōu qù le. 你説的那些地方都去了。 3. Nǐmen dōu niànguo shénme? 你們都念過什麽？ zhèngzhixué, jīngjixué 政治學，經濟學 Zhèngzhixué, jīngjixué wǒmen dōu niàn le. 政治學，經濟學我們都念了。 4. Nǐmen dōu mǎi shénme le? 你們都買什麽了？ zhuōzi, pánziwǎn 桌子，盤子碗 Zhuōzi, pánziwǎn wǒmen dōu mǎi le. 桌子，盤子碗你們都買了。 5. Nǐmen zuótiān dōu mǎi shénme le? 你們昨天都買什麽了？ shū, zázhì 書，雜志 Shū, zázhì wǒmen dōu mǎi le. 書，雜志我們都買了。 6. Nǐmen dōu yào shénme yánsède? 你們都要什麽顏色的？ lánde, hóngde 藍的，紅的 Lánde, hóngde wǒmen dōu yào. 藍的，紅的我們都要。 7. Nǐmen jīntiān dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? 你們今天都去過什麽地方？ bówùguǎn, zhǎnlǎnguǎn 博物館，展覽館 Bówùguǎn, zhǎnlǎnguǎn wǒmen dōu qù le. 博物館，展覽館我們都去了。 G. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Tāmen dōu lái le ma? 他們都來了嗎？ (Did they all come?) (cue) not all You: Tāmen měi dōu lái. 他們沒都來。 (Not all of them came.) 2. Tāmen dōu qù le ma? 他們都去了嗎？ none Tāmen dōu méi qù. 他們都沒去。 3. Tāmen dōu zǒu le ma? 他們都走了嗎？ not all Tāmen méi dōu zōu. 他們沒都走。 4. Tāmen dōu mǎi le ma? 他們都買了嗎？ none Tāmen dōu méi mǎi. 他們都沒買。 5. Tāmen dōu mài Zhōngguo shū ma? 他們都賣中國書嗎？ not all Tāmen bù dōu mài Zhōngguo shū. 他們不都賣中國書。 6. Shànghǎi, Běijīng, Nánjīng tāmen dōu qùguo le ma? 上海，北京，南京他們都去過了嗎？ not all Tāmen méi dōu qùguo. 他們沒都去過。 7. Tāmen dōu láiguo ma? 他們都來過嗎？ none Tāmen dōu méi láiguo. 他們都沒來過。 [133] H. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ míngtiān yào zài qù yícì. 我明天要再去一次。 (Tomorrow I want to go again.) You: Wǒ zuótiān yòu qùle yícì. 我昨天又去了一次。 (Yesterday I went again.) 2. Tā hòutiān yào zài lái yícì. 他後天要再來一次。 Tā qiántiān yòu láile yícì. 他前天又來了一次。 3. Tā míngnián yào zài niàn yícì. 他明年要再念一次。 Tā qùnián yòu niànle yícì. 他去年又念了一次。 4. Wǒ xiàge yuè yào zài kàn yícì. 我下個月要再看一次。 Wǒ shàngge yuè yòu kànle yícì. 我上個月又看了一次。 5. Tā xiàge xīngqī yào zài zuò yícì. 他下個星期要再做一次。 Tā shàngge xīngqī yòu zuòle yícì. 他上個星期又做了一次。 6. Wǒ xiàwǔ yào zài xué yícì. 我下午要再學一次。 Wǒ shàngwǔ yòu xuéle yícì. 我上午又學了一次。 7. Tā xiàge Xīngqīyī yào zài kāi yícì. 他下個星期一要再開一次。 Tā shàngge Xīngqīyī yòu kāile yícì. 他上個星期一又開了一次。 I. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang? 你們都去過什麽地方？ (What places did you go to?) (cue) zhèige dìfang 這個地方 You: Nǐmen dōu qùguo zhèige dìfang ma? 你們都去過這個地方嗎？ (Did all of you go to this place?) 2. Nǐmen dōu mǎi shénme le? 你們都買什麽了？ shū 書 Nǐmen dōu mǎi shū le ma? 你們都買書了嗎？ 3. Nǐmen dōu yào shénme? 你們都要什麽？ mǎi lánde 買藍的 Nǐmen dōu yào mǎi lánde ma? 你們都要買懶得嗎？ 4. Nǐmen dōu zhùguo shénme fàndiàn? 你們都住過什麽飯店？ nèige fàndiàn 那個飯店 Nǐmen dōu zhùguo nèige fàndiàn ma? 你們都住過那個飯店嗎？ 5. Nǐmen dōu niànguo shénme? 你們都 zhèngzhixué 政治學 Nǐmen dōu niànguo zhèngzhixué ma? 你們念過政治學嗎？ 6. Nǐmen dōu kàn shénme diànyǐng le? 你們都看什麽電影了？ zhèige diànyǐng 這個電影 Nǐmen dōu kàn zhèige diànyǐng le ma? 你們都看這個電影了嗎？ 7. Nǐmen dōu xìng shénme? 你們都姓什麽？ Lǐ 李 Nǐmen dōu xìng Lǐ ma? 你們都姓李嗎？ [134] Expansion Drill Speaker: Tā yòu qù le. 他又去了。 (He’s gone again.) (cue) huílai 回來 You: Tā wèishénme gāng huílai yòu qù le ne? 他爲什麽剛回來又去了呢？ (Why did he go again when he had just come back?) 2. Tā yòu lái le. 他又來了。 huíqu 回去 Tā wèishénme gāng huíqu yòu lái le ne? 他爲什麽剛回去又來了呢。 3. Tā yòu zǒu le. 他又走了。 huílai 回來 Tā wèishénme gāng huílai yòu zǒu le ne? 他爲什麽剛回來有走了呢？ 4. Tā yòu huíqu le. 他又回去了。 lái 來 Tā wèishénme gāng lái yòu huíqu le ne? 他爲什麽剛來又回去了呢？ 5. Tā yòu huílai le. 他又回來了。 qù 去 Tā wèishénme gāng qù yòu huílai le ne? 他爲什麽剛去又回來了呢？ 6. Tā yòu huílai le. 他又回來了。 zǒu 走 Tā wèishénme gāng zǒu yòu huílai le ne? 他爲什麽剛走又回來了呢？ 7. Tā yòu qù le. 他又去了。 huílai 回來 Tā wèishénme gāng huílai yòu qù le ne? 他爲什麽剛回來又去了呢？