STANDARD CHINESE

A MODULAR APPROACH

STUDENT TEXT

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

August 1979

Copyright ©1980 by John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, Roberta S. Barry, and Thomas E. Madden

PREFACE

Standard. Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency-conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei.

The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.

A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later Joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).

The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^-in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.

Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.

Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had Joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.

All Chinese language material was prepared, or selected, by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.

Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.

The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.

The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.

Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks.                                    _

Jafmes R. Frith, Chairman

Sninese Core Curriculum Project Board

CONTENTS

Preface

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION Objectives

Map of Beijing

Map of Taipei

Target Lists .........................

UNIT 1 Reference List .............. ........

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Using buses

"When"

"First," "last," "next," "previous"

Duō, "to be many," and shǎo, "to be few" Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation)

Drills

UNIT 2 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

The marker a_ and its variant ya

The locational endings -shang and -li

More on the marker ba

The aspect marker ne

"Then": jiù, zài, cái Drills

UNIT 3 Reference List......................

Vocabulary  

Reference Notes

The prepositional verb bǎ

Adverbs expressing manner Drills

UNIT U Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Choice questions with háishi

More on topics and comments

Compound verbs of result Drills

UNIT 5 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes...................  75

Distances Approximate numbers Ban, "one half" Drills..........................80

UNIT 6 Reference List ................. .....

Vocabulary

Reference Notes . . . .

More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs)

Compound verbs of direction

More on new-situation le Drills . .

UNIT 7 Reference List

Vocabulary .

Reference Notes

More on compound verbs of result

"If" Vocabulary Booster (Animals)

Drills

UNIT 8 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

"Why" and "because"

Time NOT spent

"All," "not all," "all...not"

"Again": you, zài

Drills

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

Objectives

Target Lists

UNIT 1

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Making an appointment

Gēn for "and" and gēn for "with"

Three words for "time"

The prepositional verb duì, "to," "towards," "facing"

Comparisons: "more than"

More on compound verbs of result

Drills..................... 155

UNIT 2

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Making phone calls

The aspect marker zài for ongoing action "Whatever," "whenever," "whoever," "wherever" Verbs and general objects

Vocabulary Booster (Occupations)

Drills

UNIT 3

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Extending an invitation

"Not only...but also..."

Comparisons: "equal to," "alike"

"Anyone," "anything," "anyplace," "anytime"

Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs "Furthermore"

Drills

UNIT U

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Meeting people

More on completion le

The prepositional verb xiàng, "facing"

Duo and shao as adverbs

Vocabulary Booster (Opposites)

Drills

UNIT 5

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Taking and leaving messages

Changing an appointment

The prepositional verb bǎ

Gang and gāngcái

More on compound verbs of result

Drills

UNIT 6

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Invitation to lunch Comparisons: "less than"

"even more"

Comparison overview

Sentence patterns: "although" and "both.. .and..

Drills..........................235

UNIT 7 Reference List......................2U1

Vocabulary........................2^3

Reference Notes.............. 2UU

Arranging an introduction

Using word order to express "the” and "a"

Objects of reduplicated verbs

Three-part motion verbs

Verbs for "remember” and "forget" Drills

UNIT 8 Reference List....................  .

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Declining invitations

The prepositional verb tì, "in place of"

More on compound verbs of result

Comparison: néng, kéyi, huì Drills

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

The Transportation Module (TRN) will provide you with the skills needed to use taxis, trains, buses, and planes in China.

Before starting this module, you must take and pass the DIR Criterion Test.

The TRN Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, but material from ORN, BIO, MON, DIR, and associated resource modules is also included.

OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of this module, the student should be able to

• 1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the TRN Target Lists.

• 2. Say any Chinese sentence in the TRN Target Lists when cued with its English equivalent.

• 3. Use the bus system: find out which buses go to a specific destination, at what times they leave, how often they run, where to buy tickets, where to change buses (if necessary), when the last bus of the day leaves, and where his stop is.

• U. Take a taxi: hail one, tell the driver where to go, and use commands such as "hurry," "slow down," and "stop here."

• 5. Use the train system: find out which trains go to a specific destination, at what times they leave, when and where to buy tickets, whether or not tickets are available for a train leaving on a specific date at a specific time, the distance to the destination, the duration of the train trip to that place, which platform the train leaves from, what to do with luggage, and whether or not the train has a dining car.

• 6. Take a plane: reserve a ticket for a certain date and time; find out whether or not the flight is direct, the duration of the flight, and traveling time to the airport; and arrange for transportation to the airport.

• 7. Describe in detail a trip (taken in the past or planned for the future): places visited (which places and what they are like), traveling companions, transportation for the trip, length of stay, number of previous trips to the same places.

NOTE: The heavy dark lines show where the city walls were formerly located.

Taipei

• 1. Dào Ximending qù, zuō Jīlù chē?

Zuō Shíbālù.

• 2. Shíbālù chē duō bu duo?

Bù hen duō.

• 3. Měi gē Jǐfēn zhōng you yìbān chē?

U. Wō měige Xīngqīliù dōu qù kàn diànying.

• 5. Zuìhōu yìbān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?

• 6. Zhèbān chē shì bu shi qù Ximending?

Shì. Shàng chē ba!

• 7. Dao Xīmēndīngde shíhou, qǐng gàosong wō.

• 8. Wō shì bu shi zài zhèli xià chē?

Bu shi. Xià yízhàn.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY

(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 9. shàng-

• 10. tōu-

• 11. gàosu

• 12. shao

• 13. xià chē

1U. yōu(de) shíhou

What bus do you take to get to Ximending?

Take Number 18.

Are there many Number 18 buses?

Not very many.

How often is there a bus?

I go to see a movie every Saturday

What time is the last bus?

Does this bus go to Ximending?

Yes. Get on!

When we get to Ximending, please tell me.

Is it here that I get off?

No. The next stop.

last, previous (something)

first (something)

to tell, to infown (alternate pronunciation for gàosong)

to be few

to get off the bus; ’’Out, please!”

sometimes

• 1. Dao zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídǎchē?

Meiyou. Zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.

• 2. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?

Zài chēshang mǎi piào.

• 3. Hao, xiànzài zou ba!

U. Èi! Zǎnmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?

Hǎi mēi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē.

5. Lǎojià, Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr?

Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

6. gōnggòng qìchē

T. -li

• 8. -shang

• 9. shàng ban

• 10. xià ban

Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall?

No. Take the Number 1 bus; take it to Xidān and change buses.

Where do we buy tickets?

We buy tickets on the bus.

Okay, let’s go now!

Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?

Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.

Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop?

It’s (just) on that corner.

public bus (local)

in (locational ending)

on

to start work, to go to work

tō get off from work, to leave work

• 1. Wo yào zuo jìchengchē dào huochēzhàn qu.

• 2. Wǒ zhī you zhà liǎngjiàn xíngli.

Hao, wo ba xíngli fang zai qiánbian.

• 3. Nǐ kāide tài kuài le!

U. Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.

• 5. Women you shíjiān, láidejí.

• 6. Qǐng màn yìdiān kāi.

• 7. Biě kāi name kuài!

• 8. Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínháng ting yíxià.

• 9. Bú yòng zhǎo le.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY

(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 10. chūzū qìchē

• 11. láibuj í

• 12. qìchē

• 13. zhème

1U. zènme

I want to take a taxi to the train station.

I have only these two suitcases.

Okay, I’ll put the suitcases in front.

You are driving too fast!

He doesn’t drive fast.

We have time. We can make it in time.

Please drive a little slower.

Don’t drive so fast!

Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.

Keep the change.

taxi (PRC)

can’t make it in time

car, motor vehicle

so, to this extent, in this way

so, to this extent, in this way

• 1. Wo xiǎng qù Tainan wan jitiān.

• 2. Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?

Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo. Dao Tainan qù zuò Gōnglùjú hú dà fǎngbian.

• 3. Zuò huǒchē děi xiǎn mǎi piào ma?

Nǐ zuìhǎo liǎngsāntiǎn yǐqiǎn qù mǎi piào.

Zuò Gōnglùjú ne?

Bu hi xiān mǎi piùo.

U. Nǐ yào zuò shěnme shíhoude chē?

Wo yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.

• 5. Duìbuqǐ, shàngwǔde piào dōu màiwan le.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 6. chuǎn

• 7. dìtiě

• 8. dìxià huǒchē

• 9. wan (wǎnr)

• 10. -wan

I'm thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.

Would you say it's better to go by train or to go by bus?

It's better to go by train. To go to Tainan, it's not very convenient to take the bus.

If I take the train, is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?

It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.

And if I take the bus?

It's not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.

What train do you want to take?

I want to take a morning train.

I'm sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out.

boat, ship

subway (abbreviation for dìxià tiědào)

underground train, subway

to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself

to be finished (occurs in compound verbs of result)

• 1. Wo xiǎng dào Nanjing qù kànkan.

Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù?

Míngtiǎn huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kéyi.

• 2. Shanghai lí Nanjing you duǒ yuan?

You liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōngli.

• 3. Zuo huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?

Yào zou sìge bàn xiǎoshí.

U. Zhèi shi wǒ dìyicì dào Nǎnjīng qù. Yǐqiǎn méi qùguo.

• 5. Bànge xiǎoshí gòu le.

• 6. Wo xīwang xiàwǔ líkāi zhàr.

Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yítàng tèkuài.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 7. dǎsuan

• 8. huò zhě (huò zhe)

• 9. yīhòu

• 10. zhōngtǒu

I would like to go to Nanjing to look around.

What day do you plan to go?

Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible.

How far is Shànghǎi from Nanjing?

It’s over 250 kilometers.

How long does it take to go by train?

It takes four and a half hours.

This will be the first time I have gone to Nanjing. I haven’t gone there before.

Half an hour is enough.

I hope to leave here in the afternoon.

There’s an express at 1305.

to plan to

or (alternate form of huòshi) afterwards, later on, in the future hour (alternate word for xiǎoshí)

• 1. Huǒchē jǐdiǎn zhōng kāi?

Shíbādiǎn wǔshiwǔfēn fā chē.

• 2. Qǐng nǐ bǎ nǐde hùzhào he lūxíngzhèng gěi wo.

• 3. Dao Shanghai qùde chē zài dìjǐ zhàntái?

• U. Bú yòng Jí. Hái zǎo ne. Nǐ xiān zài zhèige jiēdàishì xiūxixiuxi.

• 5. Wǒ zhèijiàn xíngli zěnme bàn? Shi bu shi káyi náshang chē qu?

Keyi bǎ xíngli náshang chē qu.

• 6. Zhèibān chē you cānchē ba?

You. You Zhōngcān, yě you Xǐcān.

Hǎo j íle.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 7. ban

• 8. náshangqu náshanglai náxiaqu náxialai

• 9. pǎo

• 10. wan

• 11. yuètái

What time does the train leave?

It departs at 1855.

Please give me your passport and travel permit.

On which platform is the train to Shànghǎi?

No need to be anxious. It’s still early. First, rest a bit in this waiting room.

What should I do about this suitcase of mine? May I take it onto the train?

You may take the suitcase onto the train.

This train has a dining car, I suppose?

Yes. There's Chinese food and there’s also Western food.

Great.

to move

to take up

to bring up

to take down

to bring down

to run

to be late

train platform (alternate word for zhàntái, more common in Taiwan)

• 1. Lǎo Song, zěnmeyàng? Mang ne?

Bu. zěnme mang.

• 2. Qǐng ni gěi wo ding yìzhāng fēijī piào.

• 3. Piào dìnghǎo le.

Něibān fēijī?

Jǐdiǎn zhōng qǐfēi?

H. Zhèibān fēijī zhí fēi Guangzhou ma?

• 5. Cong Sānlǐtún dào fēijīchǎng yào duōshao shíjiān?

• 6. Rúguǒ wo bādiǎn zhōng líkāi jiā, lǎidejí ba?

• 7. Qǐng ni pài ge chē lai jiē wo, song wo dào fēijīchǎng qu.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 8. -hǎo le

• 9. luguǎn

• 10. shuōhǎo le

• 11. xianghǎo le

• 12. yàoshi

• 13. zuòhǎo le

Song, how are things going? Are you busy?

Not especially busy.

Please reserve a plane ticket for me.

The ticket has been reserved.

Which flight? What time does it take off?

Does this flight go directly to Guangzhou?

How much time does it take to go from Sānlǐtún to the airport?

If I leave home at eight o’clock, I can make it in time. Right?

Please send a car to pick me up and take me to the airport.

to be satisfactorily completed

hotel

to have come to an agreement (about something); (something) has been agreed on

to have reached a conclusion (about something); (something) has been thought out

if (alternate word for rúguǒ)

to have finished doing (something); (something) has been finished

• 1. Hǎo jiǔ méi jiàn, nín chū men le ba?

• 2. Nín wèishénme gang huí lai you qù le ne?

Wǒ zhèicì dào Guangzhou qù shi yīnwei wǒ you yige hen hǎode péngyou cǒng Xianggang lai.

• 3. Women you yìniān méi jiàn le.

Tā cpíng wo péi ta yìqì qù luxíng.

• 4. Sānge yuè yǐqiǎn tā hǎi bù zhīdào néng bu néng lai.

• 5. Nǐmen dōu qùguo shénme dìfang?

• 6. Hangzhou gēn Sūzhōu zhēn shi piàoliang.

• 7. You jǐhui wǒ yào zài qù yícì.

• 8. Zhèixiē dìfang nǐ dōu qùguo le ba?

Méi dōu qùguo.

• 9. huí guo

• 10. huí jiā

• 11. huíqu

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 12. rènao

• 13. you yìsi

11. méi(you) yìsi

15. suǒyǐ (suoyi)

I haven’t seen you in a long time. You have been away, I suppose?

Why did you go again when you had just come back from there?

This time I went to Guangzhou because I had a very good friend coming there from Hong Kong.

We had not seen each other for a year.

She asked me to accompany her (in her) travels.

Three months ago she didn’t know yet whether she would be able to come or not.

What places did you go to?

Hangzhou and Sūzhōu are really beautiful.

If I have the chance, I would like to go again.

You have gone to all those places, I suppose?

I haven’t been to all of them.

to return to one’s native country

to come/go home

to go back to be lively/bustling/noisy to be interesting to be uninteresting therefore, so

UNIT 1

REFERENCE LIST

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C-l and. P-1 tapes)

last, previous (something) first (s omething)

VOCABULARY

REFERENCE NOTES

• 1. A: Dao Ximending qù, zuò jǐlù chē?

• B: Zuò Shibālù.

• 2. A: Shibālù chē duo hu duo?

• B: Bù hen duō.

What bus do you take to get to Ximending?

Take Number 18.

Are there many Number 18 buses?

Not very many.

Notes on Nos. 1-2

Ximending literally means "West Gate ding"—ding being a Japanese term for "district." Ximending is the area of Taipei which surrounds the former west gate of the city. Today the district includes many shops, department stores, and movie theaters.

Lù is the word for "route." The question jǐlù? asks for the route number of the bus.

Zuò, "to ride/to go by/to take La conveyance}":¹ Here zuò (literally, "to sit") means to go by some means of transportation which the passenger is inside of (e.g., car, plane, boat, train, bus, elevator—NOT a motorcycle or a horse). In exchange 1, zuò is used as a main verb. It can also be used as a prepositional verb, as in

Ní zěnme qù?                   How are you going? (i.e., by what

means of transportation)

Wo zuò huochē qù.               I am going by train.

Du5, "to be many/much," is an adjectival verb.² There are several points to remember about duō:

• a. Adjectival verbs are sometimes used before a noun to modify it (e.g., xīn zhuōzi, "new table"; dà fángzi, "big house"). However, when duō is used in this way, it must be modified, for example, by hen or tài.

Tā māile hen duō dōngxi.     He bought a lot of things.

Beijing jiēshang you hen     There are many toilets on the

duō cèsuǒ.                    streets of Beijing.

• b. Much more often, however, duō is used as the main verb of a sentence.

Nǐde shū zhēn duō!           You really have a lot of books!

Jīntiān jiēshangde rén       There are a lot of people out today,

hen duō.                      (literally, "on the streets

today")

• c. Often it does not occur to students to use duō as the main verb of a sentence because in English they do not usually say ’’The students are many." They would say "There are many students," with "many" as an adjective preceding "students." Compare:

  (There are	a lot of people	here.)
  Zhèrde	rén hen duō.

(A lot of people came.) Laide rén hen duō.

NOTE: Shao, "to be few," is used in almost the same ways as duō. (See

Notes on No. 3

Měi- is the word for "each," "every."

Gé is a verb meaning "to separate," "to divide." It is used for intervals of time between regularly occurring events (e.g., "every half hour"). In exchange 3, gé refers to the length of time between buses.

"(every) how often"

The first sentence could also be translated as "How often is there a bus?" or "How often do the buses run?"

Yìbān che: The counter -bān is used for scheduled trips, or runs, of

Èrshifēn zhōng: The counter -fēn, for minutes, is usually followed by zhōng, "clock." (Zhōng means "cf’clock" in telling time.) "One minute" is yìfēn zhōng.

"There's a bus every twenty minutes."

U. C: Wǒ měige Xīngqīliù dōu qù I go to see a movie every Saturday, kàn diànyīng.

Notes on No. U

Měige; When used with a noun, měi- acts as a specifier and must be followed by a counter or a noun that does not require a counter.

měi(ge) rén                every person

měizhāng zhuōzi            every table

měitiān                    every day

Dōu, "all": Here the adverb dōu implies "each and every," or "without

exception"—"every Saturday, without exception." When the subject of a sentence is specified by měi-, the following verb is usually modified by the adverb dōu.

Note on No. 5

Zuìhòu yìbān chē: Zuì is the word for "most," or "-est." Zuìhòu means "latest," or "last." Note the order in which the elements of this phrase appear:

"the last bus"

Both the number and the counter are required in this phrase.

(See Note on No. 8 and. Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary for xià-, "next¹¹; shàng-, "last," "previous"; and tóu-, "first.")

Notes on No. 6

Shi bu shi qù, "does it go to":³ The use of shi bu shi qù rather than qù bu qu in this sentence implies that the speaker has an idea that the bus does go to Ximending and wants to make sure. (Zhèbān chē qù bu qu Ximending? would also be correct.)

Qù Ximending, "goto Ximending": The destination directly follows the main verb qù. You now know two ways to indicate destination:

Wǒ dào Ximending qù.       I am going to Ximending.

Wǒ qù Ximending.

The two forms are equally widely used.

Shàng chē: This verb has several meanings. In the Directions Module, the meaning was "to go up" in Shàng lóu, yòubian jiù shi mài dìtúde. In this exchange, the meaning of shàng is "to get on/in Ca vehicle]."

Note on No. 7

Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou means ’’when we arrive in Ximending." If you want to say, in Chinese, "when Esomething happens!!," add -de shíhou to the phrase which names the happening.

In English, "when" can mean either "during the same time" (e.g. , "when I was a student") or "immediately after" (e.g., "when the light turns green"). In Chinese, however, two different expressions are used for the two meanings: -de shíhou for "at the same time" and yǐhòu for "immadiatsly after."

Wǒ zài Xiānggǎngde shíhou When Ci.e., while] I was in Hong hen xǐhuan qù kàn diànyǐng. Kong, I liked to go to the movies very much.

Wǒ dàole Táibēi yǐhòu,         When Ei.e., after] I got to Taipei,

mǎile hen duō Zhōngwén shū. I bought a lot of Chinese hooks.

Note on No. 8

Xià yízhàn: Here xià means "the next." It is a specifier. Xià is usually followed by a numeral or a counter, as in the following examples: xiàge yuè                  next month

xià yìbān chē              the next bus

The phrase xià yízhàn contains no counter because -zhàn, like -nián and -tiān, is not used with a counter.

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

The specifier shàng-, "last," "previous," is used in the same patterns as xià-.

shàngge yuè                last month

shàng yìbān chē            the previous bus

Tou-, "first," literally "head": Let’s contrast di- and tou-: Dì- has no meaning of its own. Its function is to make a cardinal number into an ordinal number: for example, sān, "three," becomes dìsān, "third," as in dìsānge men, "the third door." Tou- has a meaning of its own: "first," as in tousānge men, "the first three doors."

Tou- is always followed by at least a number plus a counter (or a noun that does not require a counter).

touliǎngge rén             the first two people

tōusānbēn                  the first three volumes

tóusìtiān                  the first four days

Notice that touliǎngge, "the first two," and dìěrge, "the second one," must use different words for "two," because

touliǎngge     (COUNTING)

dìèrge         (NOT COUNTING)

Tōuyige, "the first one," and dìyige, "the first one," are similar in meaning and often interchangeable.

Gàosu, "to tell": Gàosong is the usual colloquial pronunciation in Beijing speech. Gàosu is the usual colloquial pronunciation in many other places in China, including Taiwan. The fact that, in a Taipei setting, the first speaker in exchange 7 uses gàosong tells you that he is almost certainly not a native of Taiwan.

Shǎo, "to be few": Most of the comments about duō in these Reference Notes (exchange 2) also apply to the adjectival verb shǎo. Most frequently shǎo is used as the main verb of a sentence.

Wǒde qiǎn bù shǎo.              I have quite a bit of money.

Zài Taiwan meiyou gōngzuòde There are few people in Taiwan rēn hěn shǎo.                   who do not have jobs.

One point deserves special attention: Although you may say hen duō shū for "a lot of books,” you may not say hen shǎo shū. Hen shǎo can rarely modify a noun which follows—and neither can tài shao, zhēn shǎo, and related expressions.

Xià chē, ”to get off Ca vehicled,” may be used to signal that you wish to get off—that this is your stop. The expression would be translated as "Out, please," or "Getting off, getting off," used by passengers in crowded buses and elevators.

You(de) shíhou, "sometimes," precedes the verb of a sentence, as other time expressions do.

Tā yōude shíhou kàn Yīngwén He sometimes reads English newspapers, bào.

Wǒ you shíhou zuò Shíbālù Sometimes I take the Number 18 bus. chē.

Originally, chěng meant "city wall." This early meaning still affects modern usage: you must say "going INto the city," not just "to the city."

Tā jīntiān dào chénglǐtou qù. He is going to the city today.

VOCABULARY BOOSTER

Modes of Transportation

DRILLS

• A. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: Dao Ximending qù, zuò jīlù chē?

(cue) hasn’t yet

(What hus do you take to get to Ximending?)

• 2. Dào Wǔguānchù qù, zuò jīlù chē? has already

• 3. Dào Nanjing Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē? did not

U. Dào Zhōngshān Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē? hasn’t yet

• 5. Dào Ximending qù, zuò jīlù chē? has already

• 6. Dào tā jiā qù, zuò jīlù chē? hasn’t yet

• 7. Dào càishichāng qù, zuò jilù chē? did not

You: Dào Ximending qù, zuò jilù chē, tā hái měi gàosù wo.

(He hasn’t yet told me what hus to take to get to Ximending.)

Dào Wǔguānchù qù, zuò jilù chē, tā yijīng gàosu wo le.

Dào Nanjing Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā měi gàosu wo.

Dào Zhōngshān Lù qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā hái mei gàosu wo.

Dào Ximending qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā yijīng gàosu wo le.

Dào tā jiā qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā hái mei gàosu wo.

Dào càishichāng qù, zuò jīlù chē, tā mei gàosu wo.

• B. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: Zuò Shibālù chē.

(Take the Number 18 bus.)

• 2. Zuò Yílù chē.

• 3. Zuò Shílù chē.

U. Zuò Liùlù chē.

5. Zuò Wǔlù chē.

You: Qing ni gàosu wo, zuò Shíbālù chē, keyi bu keyi?

(Please tell me, would it be all right to take the Number 18 bus?)

Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Qílù chē, kēyi hu keyi?

Qǐng ni gàosu wo, zuò Shíèrlù chē, kěyi bu keyi?

• C. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Měi gé duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē? (cue) èrshifēn zhōng (How often is there a bus?)

• 2. Měi gē duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē?    shífēn zhōng

• 3. Měi gē duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē?    wùfēn zhōng

U. Měi gē duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē?    bāfēn zhōng

• 5. Měi gē duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē?    èrshifēn zhōng

• 6. Měi gē duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē?    shiwùfēn zhōng

• 7. Měi gé duōshao shíhou you yìbān chē?    shíèrfēn zhōng

You: Měi gē èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

(There’s a bus every twenty minutes.)

Měi gē shífēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

Měi gē wùfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

Měi gē bāfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

Měi gé shíwùfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

Měi gē shíèrfēn zhōng you yìbān chē.

• D. Response Drill

  • 1. Speaker; Shíbālù chē duo bu duo?

  (cue) èrshifēn zhōng (Are there many Number 18 buses?)

  
  

  You: Bù shǎo. Měi gé èrshifēn zhōng you yìbān.

  (Quite a few. There's one every twenty minutes.)

  
  

  • 2. Yílù chē duō bu duo? wǔfēn zhōng

  • 3. Dào Tāinān qùde chē duō bu duo? wǔshifēn zhōng

  • U. Dào Jīléng qùde chē duō bu duo? sìshifēn zhōng

  • 5. Shílù chē duō bu duo? shífēn zhōng

  • 6. Sānlù chē duō bu duo? èrshiwǔfēn zhōng

  • 7. Èrlù chē duō bu duo? shíwufēn zhōng

  
  

  Bù shāo. Měi gé wǔfēn zhōng you yìbān.

  Bù shǎo. Mei gé wǔshifēn zhōng you yìbān.

  Bù shāo. Měi gé sìshifēn zhōng you yìbān.

  Bù shāo. Měi gé shífēn zhōng you yìbān.

  Bù shāo. Měi gé èrshiwufēn zhōng you yìbān.

  Bù shāo. Měi gé shíwufēn zhōng you yìbān.

  
  

  • E. Expansion Drill

  • 1. Speaker: Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?

  (cue) Taizhōng

  (What time is that bus?)

  • 2. Neibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Tainan

  • 3. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Jīléng

  U. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Jiāyì

  5. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Tāiběi

  6. Nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? Huālián

  
  

  You: Qǐngwèn, dào Taizhōng qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng? (May I ask, what time is that bus to Taizhong?)

  Qǐngwèn, dào Tainan qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?

  Qǐngwèn, dào Jīlōng qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?

  Qǐngwèn, dào Jiāyì qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?

  Qǐngwèn, dào Tāiběi qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?

  Qǐngwèn, dào Huālian qùde nèibān chē shi jǐdiān zhōng?

  
  

  7. Nèibān chē shi jīdiǎn zhōng? Gāoxiōng

  
  

  Qīngwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qu.de nèibān chē shi jīdiǎn zhōng?

  
  

F. Response Drill

2. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? 11:30

3. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? Bu shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi 12:00                               shíèrdiǎn.

U. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi ll:U0                               shíyīdiǎn sìshifēn.

5. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi 12:10                               shíèrdiǎn shífēn.

6. Zhè shì bu shi zuìhòu yìbān chē? Bu shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi 11:00                               shíyīdiǎn.

Bú shi. Zuìhòu yìbān chē shi shídiǎn wushifēn.

G. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker: Zhèibān chē dào Xīmendīng qù ma?

(Does this bus go to Ximending?)

• 2. Zhèibān chē dào Zhōngshān Běilù qù ma?

• 3. Zhèibān chē dào Zhōnghuā Lù qù ma?

You: Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Xīmendīng?

(Does this bus go to Ximending?)

Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Zhōngshān Běilù?

Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Zhōnghuā Lù?

U. Zhèibān chē dào Zìyōu Lù qù ma?

Zhèibān chē shì bu shi qù Zìyōu Lù?

• 5. Zhèihān chē dào Rénài Lù qù ma?

• 6. Zhèihān chē dào Nanjing Dōnglù qù ma?

• 7. Zhèihān chē dào Hěpíng Xīlù qù ma?

Zhèihān chē shi hu shi qù Rénài Lù?

Zhèihān chē shi hu shi qù Nanjing Dōnglù?

Zhèihān chē shi hu shi qù Hepíng Xīlù?

• H. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker; Tā xià chē le.

(cue) Ximending

(He got off the hus.)

OR Tā xià chē.

(cue) Xīméndīng

(He is getting off the hus.)

• 2. Tā shàng chē le.

Zhōngshān Beilù

• 3. Tā shàng chē. Hépíng Dōnglù

U. Tā xià chē le. Mínshēng Lù

5. Tā shàng chē le. Rénài Lù

6. Tā xià chē. Zhōnghua Lù

You: Tā shi zài Xīméndīng xiàde chē (He got off the hus at

Ximending.)

Tā zài Xīméndīng xià chē.

(He is getting off the hus at Ximending.)

Tā shi zài Zhōngshān Bēilù shàngde chē.

Ta zài Hépíng Dōnglù shàng chē.

Tā shi zài Mínshēng Lù xiàde chē.

Tā shi zài Rénài Lù shàngde chē.

Tā zài Zhōnghua Lù xià chē.

I. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker; Dào Xīméndīng qǐng gàosu wo.

(cue) shíhou

(When we GET TO Ximending, please tell me.)

• 2. Dào Zhōngshān Běilù qǐng gàosu wo.    yīqiān

• 3. Dào Nānjīng Dōnglù qǐng gàosu wo.    shíhou

You: Dào Xīméndīngde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.

(When we get to XIMENDING, please tell me.)

Dào Zhōngshān Běilù yǐqiān qǐng gàosu wo.

Dào Nānjīng Dōnglùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.

U. Dào Rénài Lù qǐng gàosu wo. yǐqián

• 5. Dào Mínquán LÙ qǐng gàosu. wo. shíhou

• 6. Dào Hépíng Xīlù qǐng gàosu wo. yǐqián

• 7. Dào Zìyou Lù qǐng gàosu wo. shíhou

Dào Rénài Lù yǐqián qǐng gàosu wo.

Dào Mínquán Lùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.

Dào Hépíng Xīlù yǐqián qǐng gàosu wo.

Dào Zìyéu Lùde shíhou qǐng gàosu wo.

J. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Hái you jǐzhàn dào Xīméndīng?

(cue) xià

(How many more stops are there to CheforeH Ximending?)

OR Hái you jǐzhàn dào Xīméndīng?

(cue) 3

(How many more stops are there to CheforeJ Ximending?)

• 2. Hái you jǐzhàn dào Zhōnghuá Lu? xià

• 3. Hái you jǐzhàn dào Nánjīng Dōnglù? 2

U. Hái you jǐzhàn dào Xīnshēng Nánlù?    xià

5. Hái you jǐzhàn dào Zìyéu Lu? 2

6. Hái you jǐzhàn dào Mínshēng Lù? xià

You: Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīméndīng. (The next stop is Ximending.)

Hái you sānzhàn jiù shi Xīméndīng.

(Three more stops, and that’s Ximending.)

Xià yízhàn jiù shi Zhōnghuá Lù.

Hái you liǎngzhàn jiù shi Nánjīng Dōnglù.

Xià yízhàn jiù shi Xīnshēng Nánlù.

Hái you liǎngzhàn Jiù shi Zìyou Lù.

Xià yízhàn jiù shi Mínshēng Lù.

• K. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: Tā dào Zhōngguo qù. (cue) nián

(He goes to China.)

• 2. Tā kàn Zhōngguo diànyǐng.

yuè

• 3. Tā dào Niǔ Yuē qù.    xīngqī

U.  Tā dào xuéxiào lai.    tiān

• 5. Tā mǎi Yīngwén zāzhì.

Xīngqīwǔ

• 6. Tā dào càishichāng qù. tiān

• 7. Tā kàn hào. tiān

You: Tā měiniān dōu dào Zhōngguo qù (He goes to China every year.)

Tā měige yuè dōu kàn Zhōngguo diànyǐng.

Tā měige xīngqī dōu dào Niǔ Yuē qù.

Tā měitiān dōu dào xuéxiào lai.

Tā měige Xīngqīwǔ dōu mǎi Yīngwén zāzhì.

Tā měitiān dōu dào càishichāng qù.

Tā měitiān dōu kàn hào.

(in Bēijīng)

• 1. A: Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídáchē?

• B: Meiyou.

• 2. A: Dào nàr qù, zuò jīlù chē ya?

• B: Zuò Yílù chē.

• 3. B:  Zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.

U. A: Zánmen zài nàr mài piào?

B:  Zài chēshang mǎi piào.

5.  B:  Hào, xiànzài zǒu ba!

6. A: Èi! Zánmen bú shi zuòguò zhàn le ba?

B: Hái mei ne. Xià yízhàn cái xià chē.

7i⁴C: Láojià, Shíwùlù qìchēzhàn zài nàr?

D: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.

Is there a direct bus to the exhibition hall?

No.

What bus do you take to get there?

Take the Number 1 bus.

Take it to Xīdān and change buses.

Where do we buy tickets?

We buy tickets on the bus.

Okay, let’s go now!

Hey! Haven’t we gone past our stop?

Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.

Excuse me, where is the Number 15 bus stop?

It’s (just) on that corner.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

public bus (local)

in (locational ending)

on

to start work, to go to work

to get off from work, to leave work

VOCABULARY

(introduced, on C-2 and. P-2 tapes)

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídáchē?

B: Meiyou.

Is there a direct hus to the exhibition hall?

No.

Notes on No. 1

Dào zhanlǎnguǎn is the topic of the first sentence in exchange 1.

Zhídáchē refers to a city hus in exchange 1, although the word is more properly used to refer to buses between cities.

Changed tones: You have now learned several three-syllable words in which the middle syllable changes tone in normal fast speech. These words and the changes you hear are

J iānádà                                J iānādà

Xīméndīng                             Xīméndīng

zhǎnlǎnguǎn        zhanlanguǎn        zhanlǎnguǎn

zhídáchē                               zhídáchē

(For further discussion of this type of tone change, see Tone Changes in the P&R Summary.)

Note on No. 2

Ya is a variant form of the marker a_. If the word directly preceding the a. ends in a vowel, the semivowel or w may be inserted; the marker is then pronounced ya or wa. If the word directly preceding a ends in a consonant, that sound is carried forward as the initial sound of the marker: /(consonant sound)a/

Nǐ shi nǎrde rén /n/al

Nǐ xìng Wáng /ng/a?

Nī hǎo /w/a?

Tā zhēn kuài /jf/a!

Notes on No. 3

Zuò dao Xīdān: In earlier exchanges, phrases consisting of dào and a place word were placed before the main verb in a sentence. In this exchange, you see that dào + place word can also be placed after the main verb. Dao is toneless when it follows the verb of a sentence.

Huàn is used in exchange 3 for "changing" from one bus to another. It was used in earlier modules for "changing" from one currency to another.

H. A: Zanmen zài nǎr māi piào?

B: Zài chēshang mǎi piào.

Notes on No. H

Although spelled zánmen, this word is actually pronounced zámen, and in everyday conversation even as zám. Both women and zánmen are translated as "we." Most speakers of Chinese outside Běijīng use only women.

Many Chinese from Beijīng use the pronoun women only when the person being spoken to is not included in the "we." To show that the person being spoken to IS included in the "we," zánmen is used.

For instance, if everyone in a room is Chinese, any one person could say to all of the others Zánmen dōu shi Zhòngguo ren, "All of us are Chinese." If an American then entered the room, someone might say to him Women shi Zhōngguo ren, nī shi Měiguo ren, "We are Chinese, and you are American.'*

The phrase zài chēshang consists of the verb zài followed by the noun chē plus the locational ending -shang. Some verbs like zài must be followed by a place word or phrase (or by time words or phrases). But not all nouns which refer to things which occupy space can be used as place words. You must learn which words can function as place words and which cannot.

Zhèr, nàr, relative location words (zuobianr, dōngbianr, wàibianr, etc.), and names of cities and countries may be used as place words. In general, nouns which refer to buildings, institutions, organizations, parks, and other specific locations may be used as place words. Nouns which refer to vehicles, people, books, furniture, and other things that can be moved around are NOT considered place words. When a noun from this group is to be used in a phrase with zài, either a locational ending is added to the noun or the place word zhèr or nàr follows it.

Zài zhuōzishang you hen duō There are many hooks on the table, shū.

Tā zài nèige zhuōzi nàr        He studies at that table,

niàn shū.

Locational endings: -shang, "on”; -li, ”in”; -wài, "outside"; and -xià, "under," are locational endings.

Tā zài lóuxià mǎi dōngxi.      He is buying things downstairs.

Fàndiànli you méiyou mài       Is there a place to buy candy in

tángde?                        the hotel?

You have learned three generally equivalent ways to form place expressions: noun + locational ending; noun followed by relative location word; noun + de followed by relative location word.

• 5- B: Hǎo, xiànzài zōu ba!

  Okay, let’s go now!

  
  

Note on No. 5

Ba: You have seen the marker ba used in different situations at the ends of sentences. In each case, however, its effect was to soften the impact of whatever the speaker was saying. Here is a summary of the uses you have seen:

• a. After a phrase which puts forth an opinion or guess, ba adds a questioning tone (BIO, Unit 2).

Tā dàgài bù lai le ba? He’s probably not coming after all is he?

Nǐ shi Wài Shàoxiào ba? You must be Major Weiss.

• b. After a statement which puts forth a course of action, ba softens the tone. Ba may be used at the end of a sentence with a meaning ranging anywhere from tentative and consulting to suggesting or advising to requesting or ordering. (The tone of ba sentences varies according to the person being spoken to, the speaker’s tone of voice, and other words, such as qǐng, "please," in a sentence.) (MON, Unit 3)

  Nǐ zǒu ba!

  Nǐ hǎohāor xiǎngxiang ba!

  
  

  Qǐng ba!

  Zanmen zǒu ba.

  Wǒ mǎi dàde ba.

  
  

Leave! (ORDERING)

You think it over carefully! (ADVISING)

Please go ahead! (INVITING)

Let’s go.   (SUGGESTING)

I guess I’ll get the large oriet (TENTATIVE AND CONSULTING)

There is no single way to translate this use of ba. In the examples above, you can see that when the subject is "you,” ba goes untranslated; when the subject is "we," ba is translated as "let’s"; and when the subject is "I," ba is translated as "I guess."

Notes on No. 6

Bú shi: Below are some examples of affirmative questions and their negative counterparts (using bú shi). Notice that in the two negative examples shi means something like "to be the case that...."

Has he already gone?

Hasn’t he already gone? (isn’t it the case that he has already gone?)

Does she live in Shànghǎi?

Doesn’t she live in Shànghǎi?

(isn’t it the case that she lives in Shànghǎi?)

Zuòguò le: To the main verb zuò, "to ride," "to take," the ending -guò is added to indicate the result of the action—"going past/too far." (The full verb guò means "to pass," "to cross.") The ending -guò may also be added to the verb zǒu, "to go," to indicate result.

Òu, nǐ zhǎo Nánwèi Hútong! Oh, you are looking for Nánwèi Hútong. Nǐ zǒuguò le! Nǐ děi          You have walked past it. You will

wàng huí zǒu.                   have to go back.

Aspect marker ne: You have frequently seen an aspect marker used to indicate a CHANGE: completion le shows that an action or process has been carried out (Tā zou le, "He has left"); new situation le marks a change in the past, present, or future (Tāde dàyī pole, "His coat is worn out"). In exchange 6, the aspect marker ne indicates the ABSENCE OF CHANGE. In this exchange, ne emphasizes that there has been no change in the situation. You may want to think of ne as the opposite of le.

The marker ne is used with ACTION and STATE verbs.

Tā xiànzāi niàn shū ne.        He is studying now.

Tā zài zhèr ne.                 He’s here.

Zhèizhī bǐ hái keyi xiě ne. This pen is still good (can still write).

Hái, "still," "yet": When this adverb is used, the sentence very often ends with the marker ne.

Míngtiān wǒ hái bù zou ne. I’m not leaving tomorrow (yet).

(i.e. , I'll still be here tomorrow.)

Tā hái mei lái ne.             He hasn't come yet.

"Still" and "yet" may, however, be translated into Chinese with either hái or ne.

Tā hái mei lái.                 He hasn't come yet.

Tā mei lái ne.

Cái means "then and only then" or "not until then." It is used to talk about something that has happened or will happen later than expected.

Women míngtiān cái zou.        We don't leave until tomorrow.

Sentences in which cái is used emphasize when something happened, rather than the fact that it happened. Therefore (shi). . . -de, not le, is used to indicate completed action.

Tā (shi) bādiǎn zhōng cái He didn't come until eight o'clock, láide.

Wǒ zuótiān cái dàode.          I didn’t arrive until yesterday.

Notice that the shi in the shi...-de construction may be omitted. Also, cái is placed AFTER a time word or phrase and BEFORE the verb.

You have learned three words for "then": Jiù, zài, cái. Jiù is used for action taking place earlier thai% expected. Cái and zài imply that something happens later than expected. Cái and Jiù are used in descriptions of completed or future action. Zài is used mostly for plans, suggestions, and commands—in reference to future actions.

Tā zuótiān Jiù dào le.         He arrived yesterday (already).

Tā (shi) zuótiān cái láide.    He didn't come until yesterday.

Ni míngtiān zài zou ba!        Don't go until tomorrow!

Notice that, in the description of past events, most sentences containing Jiù also contain the completion le marker.

7. C: Laojià, Shíwùlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr?

D: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.

Excuse me. Where is the Number 15

bus stop?

It’s (just) on that corner.

Note on No. 7

Lùkǒurshang, literally "on the intersection": Lùkǒur means "road mouth," a crossroads or intersection. The word is a place-word expression and may follow zài with or without the locational ending -shang.

DRILLS

A. Substitution Drill

• 1. Speaker: Dào Beijing Zhanlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídáchē? (cue) Mínzú Fàndiàn (is there a direct bus to the Beijing Exhibition Hall?)

• 2. Dào Mínzú Fàndiàn you meiyou zhídáchē?    Sānlǐtún

• 3. Dào Sānlǐtún you meiyou zhídáchē?    Xidan

• H. Dào Xīdān you meiyou zhídáchē? Dōngdān Càishichāng

• 5. Dào Dōngdān Càishichāng you meiyou zhídáchē?

Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn

• 6. Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn you meiyou zhídáchē?

Jiānádà Wǔguānchù

• 7. Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídáchē?

You: Dào Mínzú Fàndiàn you meiyou zhídáchē?

(is there a direct bus to the Nationalities Hotel?)

Dào Sānlǐtún you meiyou zhídáchē?

Dào Xīdān you meiyou zhídáchē?

Dào Dōngdān Càishichāng you meiyou zhídáchē ?

Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn you meiyou zhídáchē?

Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídáchē?

Response Drill

Speaker: Dào Beijing Zhǎnlǎnguǎn you meiyou zhídáchē? (cue) Xīdān

(is there a direct bus to the Beijing Exhibition Hall?)

You: Meiyou, děi zài Xīdān huàn chē (There isn’t. You have to change buses at Xīdān.)

Dào Sānlǐtún you meiyou zhídáchē? Dōngdān

Dào Guānghuá Lù you meiyou zhídáchē? tāmen nàr

• U. Dào Dōngdān Diànyǐngyuàn you meiyou zhídáchē? Qiánmen

• 5. Dào Jiānádà Wǔguānchù you meiyou zhídáchē? Xīdān

• 6. Dào Qiánmen you meiyou zhídáchē? Dōngdān

• 7. Dào Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē you meiyou zhídáchē? càishichǎng nàr

Meiyou, dēi zài Qiánmen huàn chē.

Meiyou, dēi zài Xīdān huàn chē.

Meiyou, dēi zài Dōngdān huàn chē.

Meiyou, dēi zài càishichǎng nàr huàn chē.

• C. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: dào nàr qù (cue) jī (to go there)

OR dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù (cue) 3

(to go to the exhibition hall)

• 2. dào Dōngdān qù

• 3. dào nàr qù

• 4. dào Xīnhuá Shūdiàn qù

• 5. dào Sānlītún qù

• 6. dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng qù jī

You: Dào nàr qù zuò jīlù chē?

(What Cnumber3 bus do you take to go there?)

Dào zhǎnlǎnguǎn qù zuò Sānlù chē.

(To go to the exhibition hall, take the Number 3 bus.)

Dào Dōngdān qù zuò Sānlù chē.

Dào nàr qù zuò jīlù chē?

Dào Xīnhuá Shūdiàn qù zuò Yīlù chē.

Dào Sānlītún qù zuò Wùlù chē.

Dào Dōngdān Càishichǎng qù zuò jīlù chē?

• D. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Nín xiān zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē.

(You first take the Number 1 bus. Take it to Xīdān and change buses.)

You: Wǒ xiān zuò Yīlù chē, zuò dao Xīdān huàn chē, duì bu dui?

(I first take the Number 1 bus. I take it to Xīdān and change buses. Right?)

• 2. Nín xiān zuò Sānlù chē, zuò dao Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē huàn chē.

• 3. Nín xiān zuò Liùlù chē, zuò dao Dōngdān huàn chē.

U. Nín xiān zuò Wǔlù chē, zuò dao Qiánmén huàn chē.

• 5. Nín xiān zuò Shílù chē, zuò dao Sānlǐtún huàn chē.

• 6. Nín xiān zuò Qílù chē, zuò dao Rìtán Lù huàn chē.

• 7. Nín xiān zuò Shíèrlù chē, zuò dao Guānghuá LÙ huàn chē.

Wo xiān zuò Sānlù chē, zuò dao Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē huàn chē, duì bu dui?

Wǒ xiān zuò Liùlù chē, zuò dao Dōngdān huàn chē, duì bu dui?

Wǒ xiān zuò Wǔlù chē, zuò dao Qiānmén huàn chē, duì bu dui?

Wǒ xiān zuò Shílù chē, zuò dao Sānlǐtún huàn chē, duì bu dui?

Wǒ xiān zuò Qílù chē, zuò dao Rìtān Lù huàn chē, duì bu dui?

Wǒ xiān zuò Shíèrlù chē, zuò dao Guānghuá Lù huàn chē, duì bu dui?

• E. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Dào nàr qù xiān zuò Sānlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē.

(To go there, first

take the Number 3 bus; then take the Number 5 bus.)

You: Wǒ xiān zuò Sānlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nar huàn chē?

(I first take the Number 3 bus; then take the Number 5 bus. May I ask, where do I change buses?)

• 2. Dào Zhǎnlānguān qù xiān zuò Yīlù chē, ránhòu zuò Sìlù chē.

Wǒ xiān zuò Yīlù chē, ránhòu zuò Sìlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nār huàn chē?

• 3. Dào Wángfǔjǐng Dàjiē qù xiān zuò Èrlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē.

U. Dào Rìtán Lù qù xiān zuò Qílù chē, ránhòu zuò Sānlù chē.

• 5. Dào Sānlǐtún qù xiān zuò Liùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Èrlù chē.

• 6. Dào Rìtán LÙ qù xiān zuò Shílù chē, ránhòu zuò Qílù chē.

Wǒ xiān zuò Èrlù chē, ránhòu zuò Wǔlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nār huàn chē?

Wo xiān zuò Qílù chē, ránhòu zuò Sānlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nār huàn chē?

Wǒ xiān zuò Liùlù chē, ránhòu zuò Èrlù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nār huàn chē?

Wǒ xiān zuò Shílù chē, ránhòu zuò Qílù chē. Qǐngwèn, zài nār huàn chē?

• 7. Dào Xīdān qù xiān zuò Shíwǔlù chē, rānhòu zuò Liùlù chē.

Wǒ xiān zuò Shíwǔlù chē, rānhòu zuò Liùlù chē. Qīngwèn, zài nǎr huàn chē?

F. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào?

(cue) chēshang (Where do we buy tickets?)

• 2. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? zhèr

• 3. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? nar

1. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Dōngdān nàr

• 5. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? chēshang

• 6. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? càishichāng nàr

• 7. Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Xīdān nàr

You: Zanmen zài nǎr mǎi piào? Zài chēshang mǎi piào ma?

(Where do we buy tickets? Do we buy them on the bus?)

• 6. Tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng xià hān.

• 7. Tāmen shídiǎn zhōng shàng hān.

Tāmen liùdiǎn zhōng cǎi xià hān.

Tāmen shídiǎn zhōng cǎi shàng hān.

• H. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Nanjīng Dōnglù dào le ma?

(cue) hai mei ne

(Have we reached Nǎnjīng Dōnglù?)

OR Nǎnjīng Dōnglù dào le ma?

(cue) dào le

(Have we reached Nǎnjīng Dōnglù?)

• 2. Zhōnghuǎ LÙ dào le ma? hǎi mei ne

• 3. Dàlī Jiē dào le ma? dào le

• U. Zhōngshān Běilù dào le ma? hǎi mei ne

5. Hepíng Xīlù dào le ma? dào le

6. Jīlōng Lù dào le ma? hǎi mei ne

You: Hǎi mei ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē.

(Not yet. We don’t get off until the next stop.)

Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.

(We have already arrived. We get off here.)

Hǎi měi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē

Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.

Hǎi měi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē

Dào le. Women zài zhèr xià chē.

Hǎi měi ne. Xià yízhàn cǎi xià chē

I. Response Drill

1. Speaker; Qǐngwèn Shíwǔlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? (cue) nèige lùkǒurshang

(May I ask, where is the Number 15 hus stop?)

You: Jiù zài nèige lùkǒurshang.

(it’s tjustl on that corner.)

• 3. Qǐngwèn Liùlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? lùde nèibian

• 4. Qǐngwèn, Yīlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige yínhǎng qiánbian

• 5. Qǐngwèn, Sānlù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige shāngdiàn nàr

• 6. Qǐngwèn, Qílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? càishichāng qiánbian

• 7. Qǐngwèn, Shílù qìchēzhàn zài nǎr? nèige diànyǐngyuàn qiánbian

Jiù zài lùde nèibian.

Jiù zài nèige yínháng qiánbian.

Jiù zài nèige shāngdiàn nàr.

Jiù zài nèige càishichāng qiánbian.

Jiù zài nèige diànyǐngyuàn qiánbian

J. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái ma?

(cue) 8 o’clock

(What time is he coming? Is he coming at nine o’clock?)

OR Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái?

Tā jiudiǎn zhōng lái ma?

(cue) 10 o’clock

(What time is he coming? Is he coming at nine o’clock?)

• 2. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā sìdiǎn zhōng lái ma? 5 o’clock

• 3. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā yìdiǎn zhōng lái ma?    12 o’clock

U. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā bādiǎn zhōng lái ma?    7 o’clock

5. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā liùdiǎn zhōng lái ma?    8 o’clock

6. Tā jǐdiǎn zhōng lái? Tā shídiǎn zhōng lái ma?    11 o’clock

You: Tā shuō tā bādiǎn zhōng jiù lái.

(He says he is coming at eight o’clock.)

Tā shuō tā shídiǎn zhōng cái lái ne.

(He says he isn’t coming until ten o’clock.)

Tā shuō tā wǔdiǎn zhōng cái lái ne.

Tā shuō tā shíèrdiǎn zhōng jiù lái.

Tā shuō tā qīdiǎn zhōng jiù lái.

Tā shuō tā bādiǎn zhōng cái lái ne.

Tā shuō tā shíyīdiǎn zhōng cái lái ne.

UNIT 3

REFERENCE LIST

(in Taipei)

• 1. A: Ai, jìchéngchē!

• B: Nǐ dào náli?

A: Dào huǒchēzhān.

• 2. ⁵B: Zhǐ you zhè yíjiàn xíngli ma?

• A: Shi.

• 3. ⁵B: Wǒ bǎ xíngli fàng zai qiánbian.

U. A: Nǐ kāide tài kuài le!

• 5. C: Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.

• 6. A: Women you shíjiān, láidejí.

• 7. A: Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi.

• 8. ⁶ A: Bié kāi nàme kuài!

• 9. B: Zhè shi nínde xíngli.

• A: Xièxie. Duōshao qián?

• B: Èr shi qīkuài.

A: Zhè shi sānshikuài, bú yòng zhǎo le.

• 10. A: Qǐng ni zài qiánbian nèige yínhāng ting yíxià.

• B: Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ chē ting zai nèibian děng nín.

Hey, taxi!

Where are you going?

To the train station.

Is there only this one piece of luggage?

Yes.

I’ll put the suitcase in front.

You are driving too fast!

He doesn’t drive fast.

We have time. We can make it in time.

Please drive a little slower.

Don’t drive so fast!

Here is your suitcase.

Thank you. How much is it Cthe fare3?

Twenty-seven dollars.

Here’s thirty dollars. Keep the change, (literally, ”No need to give me change.”)

Please stop at that bank up ahead for a moment.

Okay. I’ll park the car over there and wait for you.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 11. chūzū qìchē

• 12. láihuj í

• 13. qìchē

1^. zhème

15. zènme

Shànghǎi-made auto in Guangzhou, 1978

VOCABULARY

Old (name) Efamiliar nickname for an older person among close friendsJ

motorcycle

to take (something) out

to see someone off, to escort someone to a train station, airport, bus depot, or pier

(introduced in Communication Game)

Right on time.

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Ài, jìchēngchē!

• B: Nǐ dào náli?

A: Dào huochēzhàn.

Hey, taxi!

Where are you going? To the train station

Note on No. 1

qiánbian.

Notes on Nos. 2-3

Zhè yíjiàn xíngli: -jiàn is the counter for xíngli.

Bǎ is a prepositional verb which often cannot be directly translated into English. Originally, as a full verb, ba meant "to hold something with one’s hands." Today bǎ is usually used as a prepositional verb which brings the direct object to the front of the sentence, before the main verb. In some cases, bǎ may be translated as "take."

Tā bǎ zhèiběn shū fàng         He put the book on the table,

zai zhuōzishang.              (He took the book and put it on

the table.)

But, in many cases, the meaning of "take" does not correspond to the function of bǎ in the sentence.

Bǎ may be used with many types of objects, concrete and abstract. As a prepositional verb, bǎ shows that its object (the noun which follows) is the direct object in the sentence, even though it does not follow the main verb.

Tā mài tāde qìchē le.          He sold his car.

Tā bǎ tāde qìchē mài le.

The next questions are "Why use bǎ?" and "When is bǎ used?" On the next page are some basic rules for using bǎ.

• a. The object in a ba phrase must be a particular known thing. This rule follows the general pattern in Chinese of an object preceding the verb, in topic position or in a bǎ phrase, being specific.⁷ The object in a bǎ phrase should be translated by the English definite article "the" or by other words that indicate definiteness, such as "that" and "my."

Nǐ you xíngli ma?            Do you have any luggage?

You. Zhǐ you zhè yíjiàn.    Yes. I have only this one piece.

Hǎo. Wǒ bǎ xíngli fǎngzai   Okay. I will put the suitcase in

qiánbian.                      front.

• b. The object of a bǎ phrase must be at the disposal of the subject before the action begins. Thus the object of kànjian, "to see," cannot be used with bǎ, nor can the object of mǎi, "to buy."

Wǒ mǎile nèiběn shū.         I bought the book.

Wǒ bǎ nèiběn shū mài le. I sold the book.

• c. Fang zai qiánbian: The verb in a bǎ sentence is usually a transitive ACTION verb. An action verb refers to an activity that can be done voluntarily, either physically (mài, "to sell") or mentally (niàn, "to study"). Contrast this with a state verb, which refers to a quality or condition that the subject has no control over.

For instance, you can decide to study or to learn something, so xué is an action verb. But you cannot decide to know something, so zhǐdao is a state verb. Although some state verbs, like zhǐdao and xǐhuan, are transitive, the objects of these verbs cannot be put in a bǎ phrase because these verbs are not action verbs.

• d. A bǎ sentence does not end with only a verb of one syllable. Either the verb has several syllables or a phrase follows the verb. In the final sentence of exchange 3, the action verb fàng is followed by zai and the destination qiánbian.

U. A: Nǐ kaide tài kuài le!          You are driving too fast!

Notes on No. U

-de: To describe how action is performed, the marker -de is added to the verb describing the action, and that verb is followed by an adjectival verb which expresses the MANNER in which the action takes place.

Cultural information: Taxi drivers are not offended "by comments about their driving such as the exclamation in exchange h. If ignored, a request to slow down should be repeated.

• 5. C: Tā kāi chē, kāide bú kuài.

  He doesn’t drive fast.

  
  

Notes on No. 5

Verb, object, and the description of manner: If an action verb with a direct object is to be described in terms of how the action is done, use the following pattern.

"He speaks Chinese too/very/not slowly."

Notice that the main verb and direct object occur first; then the main verb is repeated, followed by -de and the description of manner. Compare the pattern above with the pattern you learned in the Biographic Information Module, Unit 8: Wo niàn Yīngwēn niànle liùnián, "I studied English for six years."

The main verb is repeated when BOTH the direct object and a duration phrase or a description of manner MUST follow the verb directly. In such a case, Chinese handles this post-verb "traffic Jam" by making a topic out of the more general information (what is being done): the verb and direct object. The more specific information about how the action is done becomes the comment. A literal translation of the pattern example above is "As for (the way) he speaks Chinese, (he) speaks too/very/not slowly."

A special point to observe: In English, we may say "He doesn’t speak Chinese slowly," putting the negative word before "speak." In Chinese, the negation must be placed directly in front of the word that is referred to (in the example, man, "slow"—not saying that he doesn’t speak, but saying that his speech is not slow).

Linguists have pointed out the potentially comical effect of using English word order for sentences in Chinese with manner descriptions.

If you were to use English word order to say "I can’t speak Chinese very well," Wǒ bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huà hen hǎo, your sentence would mean, literally, "(The fact that) I can’t speak Chinese is very good." The right way to say "I can’t speak Chinese very well" is Wǒ shuō Zhōngguo huà shuōde bú tai hǎo.

• 6. A: Women you shíjiān, láidejí.    We have time. We can make it in

time.

• 7. A: Qǐng man yìdiǎn kāi.           Please drive a little slower.

Notes on Nos. 6-7

ShiJiān: You now know two words for "time": shíhou and shíjiān. Shijiān is used for an amount of time. Shíhou is usually used for a point or period in time when something happens.

Laidejí is an idiom meaning "able to make it on time Cto do some-thingn." The negative, "not able to make it on time," is láibují. (See the Meeting Module for additional discussion of such idioms.)

Qǐng man yìdiǎn kāi, "Please drive a little slower": In the notes on exchange 5» you learned a pattern for describing manner: verb + -de + adjectival verb. In this sentence, however, the adjectival verb man + yìdiǎn precede the verb kāi. When the adjectival verbs man, kuài, zǎo, and wǎn are followed by yìdiǎn, the phrases thus formed may either precede or follow the verb of the sentence.

Qǐng man yìdiǎn kāi.       Please drive a little slower.

Qǐng kāi man yìdiǎn.

Qǐng kuài yìdiǎn kāi. Please drive a little faster. Qǐng kāi kuài yìdiǎn.

Qǐng ni zǎo yìdiǎn lai. Please come a little earlier. Qǐng ni lai zǎo yìdiǎn.

Qǐng ni wǎn yìdiǎn lai. Please come a little later. Qǐng ni lai wǎn yìdiǎn.

Many adjectival verbs + yìdiǎn must follow the sentence verb.

Xiě xiǎo yìdiǎn.           Write it a little smaller.

Xiě dà yìdiǎn.             Write it a little bigger.

Zuò hǎo yìdiǎn.            Do it a little better.

The marker -de is optional, and usually omitted, before adjectival verb + yìdiǎn phrases.

Note on No. 8

Here you see a third way to describe the performance of an action.

First, you saw a straight description:

Nǐ kāide tài kuài le!          You are driving too fast!

OR

Tā niàn shū niànde t>ú cuò. She is doing pretty well in her studies.

Then, you saw a command in which an adjectival verb + yìdiǎn phrase could be placed either before or after the main sentence verb:

Qǐng màn yìdiān kāi.           Please drive a little slower.

Qǐng kāi màn yìdiǎn.

Now, in Bié kāi name kuài, you see a negative command. The modifying adjectival verb follows the main verb. The marker -de is optional, and usually omitted, as long as the adjectival verb is preceded by nàme or zhème (zènme).

Bié zǒu nàme màn le!           Quit walking so slowly!

Bié qīlai zènme wǎn!           Don’t get up so late!

Nǐ zǒu nàme màn, zānmen Jiu If you walk so slowly, we won’t láibují le!                     make it in time!

Notes on No. 9

Ershiqjkuài: This money phrase does not contain the word qiān because the counter kuài can stand alone if the reference could clearly be only to money. Other counters for money, such as mao and fēn, usually require the addition of qiān.

Bú yòng zhǎo le: Bú yòng is an idiom meaning "no need to." A more literal translation of the sentence is "No need to give me change." Ni bú yòng kāi name kuài would be translated as "There’s no need for you to drive that fast."⁸

Note on No. 10

Yíxià, "awhile," is used to indicate a short, indefinite amount of time. The use of this word communicates indefiniteness, just as reduplicating the verb would have done (tíngyitíng). The first speaker in this exchange does not commit himself to an exact length of time.

DRILLS

A. Expansion Drill

C. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: Nǐ kāi chē, kāide tài kuài le.

(You are driving too fast.)

• 2. Nǐ kàn shū, kānde tài man le.

• 3. Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le.

U. Nǐ shuō Yīngwēn shuōde tài kuài le.

• 5. Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le.

• 6. Nǐ mài piào màide tài màn le.

• 7. Nǐ shuō Zhōngwěn shuōde tài màn le.

You; Nǐ kāi chē kàide tài kuài le. Qǐng nǐ màn yìdiān kāi. (You are driving too fast.

Please drive a little slower.)

Nǐ kàn shū, kànde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān kàn.

Nǐ kàn bào kànde tài màn le. Qīng ni kuài yìdiān kàn.

Nǐ shuō Yīngwēn shuōde tài kuài le. Qīng ni màn yìdiān shuō.

Nǐ kāi chē kāide tài kuài le. Qīng ni màn yìdiān kāi.

Nǐ mài piào màide tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān mài.

Nǐ shuō Zhōngwěn shuōde tài màn le. Qǐng ni kuài yìdiān shuō.

D. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker; Women you shífēn zhōng, láidejí láibují?

(cue) tài yuān

(We have ten minutes. Can we make it in time?)

OR Women you shífēn zhōng, láidej í láibuj í ?

(cue) hen jin

(We have ten minutes. Can we make it in time?)

• 2. Women you sānshifēn zhōng, láidejí láibují?    tài yuān

• 3. Women you ershifēn zhōng, láidejí láibují?    hen jin

You; Tài yuān. Jiù you shífēn zhōng, láibují.

(it’s too far. CIfi we have only ten minutes, we can’t make it in time.)

Hen jin. You shífēn zhōng, láidejí.

(it’s very near. LIfJ we have ten minutes, we can make it in time.)

Tài yuān. Jiù you sānshifēn zhōng, láibuj í.

Hen jin. You ershifēn zhōng, láidejí

E. Transformation Drill

1. Speaker: Qǐng màn yìdiǎn kāi. You: Bié kāi zhème kuài!

You: Women lāidejí. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.

(We can make it in time. Please drive a little slower.)

Women lāidejí. Bié kāi nàme kuài!

(We can make it in time. Don’t drive so fast! )

Women you shíjiān. Qǐng ni màn yìdiǎn kāi.

• H. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker; Qǐng ni ting yíxià. (cue) yínhāng

(Please stop for a moment.)

• 2. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. càishichāng

• 3. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. diànyǐngyuàn

• U. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. shūdiàn

• 5. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. xuéxiào

• 6. Qǐng ni ting yíxià. fàndiàn

• 7. Qǐng ni ting yíxià.

yínhāng

You; Qǐng ni zài nèige yínhāng ting yíxià.

(Please stop at that bank for a moment.)

Qǐng ni zài nèige caishichāng ting yíxià.

Qǐng ni zài nèige diànyǐngyuàn ting yíxià.

Qǐng ni zài nèige shūdiàn ting yíxià.

Qǐng ni zài nèige xuéxiào ting yíxià.

Qǐng ni zài nèige fàndiàn ting yíxià.

Qǐng ni zài nèige yínhāng ting yixià.

UNIT 4

REFERENCE LIST

(in Taipei)

• 1. A: Wǒ xiǎng qù Tainan wan Jitiān.

• 2. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú xíng "bu xíng?⁹

• B: Dào Tainan qù zuò Gōnglùjú bu dà fāngbian.

• 3. C: Shì zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?

• D: Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo.

• U. E: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne, háishi zuò Gōnglùjú qu hǎo ne?

• F: Dào Táinán zuò huochē zuì fāngbian.

• 5. A: Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?

• B: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāhtiān yǐqián qù mǎi piào.

• 6. A: Zuò Gōnglùjú yě dēi xiān mǎi piào ma?

• B: Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.

• 7. B: Nǐ yào zuò shenme shíhoude chē?

• A: Wo yào zuò shàngwùde chē.

• 8. B: Duìbuqǐ, shàngwǔde piào dōu màiwán le.

I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.

Would it be all right to take the bus?

To go to Tainan, it’s not very convenient to take the bus.

Is it better to go by train or to go by bus?

It’s better to go by train.

Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?

To Tainan, it’s most convenient to take the train.

Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?

It would be best for you to go to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.

If I take the bus, is it also necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?

It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.

What train do you want to take?

I want to take a morning train.

I’m sorry, the tickets for the morning trains are all sold out.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C-l and. P-1 tapes)

• 9. chuán

• 10. dìtiē

• 11. dìxià huochē

• 12. wan (wánr)

• 13. -wan

boat, ship

subway (abbreviation for dìxià tiēdào)

underground train, subway

to play, to relax, to enjoy oneself

to be finished (occurs in compound verbs of result)

VOCABULARY

(introduced on C-2 tape)

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Wǒ xiǎng qù. Tainan wǎn J itiān. I’m thinking of going to Tainan to relax for a few days.

Note on No. 1

The basic meaning of the verb wǎn is "to play." It is often best translated into English as "to relax," "to enjoy oneself."

Notes on No. 2

Gōnglùjú, "the Bureau of Highways" in Taiwan, is the agency which administers the island’s intercity bus system. The phrase zuò Gōnglùjú means "to take a Bureau of Highways bus." This phrasing is analogous to "I’m going by Greyhound." In talking about the buses themselves, you would have to say Gōnglùjúde chē, "the buses of the Bureau of Highways":

Gōnglùjúde chē hen shūfu. The buses of the Bureau of Highways are very comfortable. (shūfu, "to be comfortable")

Sentences containing both dào and zuò phrases: The zuò phrase usually comes first in a sentence with both a prepositional phrase expressing destination (dào...) and a prepositional phrase expressing means of conveyance (zuò...). However, if the destination is being stressed, the dào phrase may be placed at the beginning of the sentence, in the topic position. (See the second sentence in exchange 2.)

Tā měitiān zuò gōnggòng        He rides the bus to school every

qìchē.dào xuexiào lǎi.          day.

Dào yínhǎng qù, tā bú zuò To go to the bank, he doesn’t take gōnggòng qìchē. Tā            the bus. He walks there,

zǒu lù qu.

Bú dà might also be translated as "not too," "not so."

Notes on No. 3

Shi___hǎishi: In a choice-type question, shi and hǎishi serve to mark

off the choices more clearly. Below are some of the most common ways of asking the question "Do you want the red one or the yellow one?"

Nǐ yǎo hǒngde, hǎishi yào huǎngde? (preferred FORMS)

Nǐ shi yào hǒngde, hǎishi yào huǎngde?

Nǐ yào hǒngde, huǎngde? (FAMILIAR, VERY COLLOQUIAL; NO PAUSE AT COMMA)

Nǐ shi yào hǒngde, shi yào huǎngde? (LEAST PREFERRED; shi UNSTRESSED HERE)

The marker ne clarifies the choices in a choice-type question. Ne may be placed after one or the other choice or after both choices.

Nǐ jīntiān qù ne, hǎishi Are you going today or tomorrow? míngtiān qù?

Ni jīntiān qù, hǎishi míngtiān qù ne?

Ni jīntiān qù ne, shi míngtiān

qù ne? (COMMUNICATES GENUINE PERPLEXITY)

Zuò huǒchē qu hǎo: Here a whole phrase, which could also be a sentence is used as the subject of the sentence.

Hǎo is translated here as "better," not as "good." Adjectival verbs used alone (i.e., not modified by words such as hen and tài) usually express comparison.

Neige xuěsheng hǎo?            Which student is better?

Shěi kuài?                      Who is faster?

Note on No. U

When nǐ shuō begins a question, the phrase is translated as "■would you say" or "do you think."

Notes on No. 5

The adverb xiān may sometimes be translated as "ahead of time," "beforehand."

Zuì hǎo, "best," acts as an adverb in exchange 5, coming after the subject nǐ in the second sentence. Zuì hǎo is used to offer advice politely, not to warn a person that he had "better" or "best" do something.

Liǎngsāntiān: When approximate amounts, such as "two or three," are given in Chinese, the numbers are read together, with no equivalent of "or." This system is also used when two words are combined to indicate an approximate date.

sìwùge rén                 four or five people

mínghòutiān                tomorrow or the day after

Qībāyuè                    July or August

Liǎngsāntiān yǐqián: For "ahead of time," "in advance," yǐqián is used (instead of xiān) when the amount of time is stated. Yǐqián follows the word indicating the amount of time.

Nǐ dei xiān qù mǎi piào.       You have to go ahead of time to buy

tickets.

Nǐ děi liǎngsāntiān yǐqián You have to go two or three days qù mǎi piào.                    ahead of time to buy tickets.

It’s not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.

Notes on No. 6

Zuò Gònglùjú, "if I take the bus": The beginning of the first sentence in exchange 6 is translated with an "if" in English. Literally, the Chinese sentence is "Take the bus, also have to beforehand buy tickets?" In a sense the "if" part of the sentence is a kind of topic in Chinese, providing the setting for the second part of the sentence. In Chinese, the setting or condition can often be put in the topic position. In English, a particular word must be used to clarify the relationship of the first part of the sentence to the second part.

If I take the bus,.

When one takes the bus,...

For taking the bus,.

To take the bus,....

Bú bì, "not necessary," "don't have to," is the phrase to use as the negative of the auxiliary děi, "must," "have to." Dei cannot be made negative.*

Note on No. 7

Shénme shíhoude chē has been translated simply as "what train." More literally, the phrase means "a train (arriving at) what time."

*"Must not" as in "You must not go" can be translated as bù néng: Nǐ bù néng qù.

8. B: Duìbuqī, shàngwǔde piào dōu I’m sorry, the tickets for the màiwán le.                      morning trains are all sold out.

Notes on No. 8

Wan, ”to end," "to he over," cannot take a direct object.

Wánle ma?                  Is it over?

Wánle meiyou?              Is it over yet?

Hái méi wan ne.             It isn’t over yet.

By itself, the expression Wan le.¹⁰ means "That’s all," "There’s no more," or "That’s it.”’ People often end speeches and recordings with Wan le!

Màiwán le, "to be sold out," literally "sell finished": Here is another example of a compound verb of result.¹⁰ Compound verbs of result communicate both the action being performed and its result. In compound verbs of result, the first verb indicates the action; and the second, the result. Not every action verb is used in compound verbs of result, nor are verbs indicating the result always predictable.

All examples which have been presented in this and previous modules occur with completion le.

When -wán is used as an ending, it indicates finishing, as in Wo hai méi shuōwán, "I haven’t finished speaking yet," or depletion, as in màiwán le, "sold out," and yòngwán le, "used up." In English, you might just say "finished," without indicating what you have finished doing. In Chinese, the action which has been finished is usually mentioned.

Wǒ chīwán le.               I have finished eating.

Wo huàwán le.               I have finished drawing.

Wo kànwán le.               I have finished reading.

Wǒ hái méi shuōwán ne.     I have not finished talking yet.

Tā hái méi zuòwán ne.      He has not finished (doing some

thing) yet.

DRILLS

A. Response Drill

• C. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker; Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng bu xíng?

(cue) kěshi bú da (Would it be all right to take the bus?)

OR Zuò gonggòng qìchē xíng bu xíng? (cue) zuì

(Would it be all right to take the bus?)

• 2. Zuò huochē xíng bu xíng? kēshi bú da

• 3. Zuò Gonglùjú xíng bu xíng? zuì

• 4. Zuò jìchěngchē xíng bu xíng? zuì

• 5. Zuò Sānlù chē xíng bu xíng? kēshi bú dà

• 6. Zuò Wulù chē xíng bu xíng? zuì

You: Zuò gonggòng qìchē xíng, kēshi bú dà fāngbian.

(it would be all right to take the bus, but it’s not very convenient.)

Zuò gōnggòng qìchē xíng, zuì fāngbian.

(it would be all right to take the bus; it’s most convenient.)

Zuò huochē xíng, kēshi bú dà fāngbian.

Zuò Gonglùjú xíng, zuì fāngbian.

Zuò jìchēngchē xíng, zuì fāngbian.

Zuò Sānlù chē xíng, kēshi bú dà fāngbian.

Zuò Wǔlù chē xíng, zuì fāngbian.

• D. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: Zuò huochē hǎo bu hǎo?

(cue) Gonglùjú (is it all right to take the train?)

• 2. Jǐntiān qù hǎo bu hǎo? míngtiān

• 3. Zuò Gonglùjú hǎo bu hǎo? jìchěngchē

U. Míngtiān qù hǎo bu hǎo? hòutiān

• 5. Zuò huochē hǎo bu hǎo? qìchē

You: Nǐ shuō shi zuò huochē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò Gonglùjú qu hǎo ne?

(Would you say it’s better to go by train or to go by bus?)

Nǐ shuō, jǐntiān qù hǎo ne, hǎishi míngtiān qù hǎo ne?

Nǐ shuō shi zuò Gonglùjú qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò jìchěngchē qu hǎo ne?

Nǐ shuō, míngtiān qù hǎo ne, hǎishi hòutiān qù hǎo ne?

Nǐ shuō shi zuò huochē qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò qìchē qu hǎo ne?

• 6. Jīntiān qù hǎo bu hǎo? míngtiān

• 7. Zuò fēijī hǎo bu hǎo? huǒchē

Nǐ shuō, jīntiān qù haǒ ne, hǎishi míngtiān qù hǎo ne?

Nǐ shuō shi zuò fēijī qu hǎo ne, hǎishi zuò huǒchē qu hǎo ne?

• E. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Děi xiān mǎi piào ma?

(cue) yes

(Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?)

OR Dei xiān mǎi piào ma?

(cue) no

(is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?)

• 2. Děi xiān niàn Zhōngguo lìshǐ ma? yes

• 3. Děi xiān zuò Yílù chē ma? no

U. Děi xiān dào Xīdān ma?    yes

5. Děi xiān huàn qiǎn ma?    no

6. Děi xiān qù kàn gēge ma? no

You: Děi xiān mǎi piào.

(It's necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.)

Bu bì xiān mǎi piào.

(it's not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.)

Děi xiān niàn Zhōngguo lìshǐ.

Bú bì xiān zuò Yílù chē.

Dei xiān dào Xīdān.

Bu bì xiān huàn qiǎn.

Bú bì xiān qù kàn gēge.

• F. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? (cue) 2 or 3 days

(Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?)

OR Děi xiān mǎi piào ma? (cue) no

(Is it necessary to buy tickets ahead of time?)

You: Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngsāntiān yǐqiǎn mǎi piào.

(it would be best for you to buy your tickets two or three days ahead of time.)

Bú bì xiān mǎi piào.

(It's not necessary to buy tickets ahead of time.)

• 2. Děi xiān mǎi piào ma?              Nǐ zuì hǎo liǎngtiān yǐqiǎn mǎi piào

2 days

• 3. Dei xiān huàn qián ma?

U or 5 days

U. Dei xiān qù kàn gēge ma? no

5. Dei xiān kàn zhèibān shū ma? 3 days

6. Dei xiān huàn qián ma? no

Nǐ zuì hǎo sìwǔtiān yǐqián huàn qián.

Bú bì xiān qù kàn gēge.

Nǐ zuì hǎo sāntiān yǐqián kàn zhèibān shū.

Bú bì xiān huàn qián.

Cr. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Nǐ yào zuò shénme shíhoude chē? (cue) shàngwǔ

(What train do you want to take?)

• 2. Nǐ yào zuò jǐdiǎn zhōngde chē? xiàwǔ 2:10

• 3. Nǐ yào zuò shenme shíhoude chē? wǎnshang

• U. Nǐ yào zuò jǐdiǎn zhongde chē? zǎoshang 9:50

• 5. Nǐ yào zuò shenme shíhoude chē? shàngwǔ

• 6. Nǐ yào zuò jǐdiǎn zhōngde chē? shàngwǔ 11:40

• 7. Nǐ yào zuò shenme shíhoude chē? xiàwǔ

You: Wo yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.

(I want to take a morning train.)

Wo yào zuò xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn shífēnde chē.

Wǒ yào zuò wǎnshangde chē.

Wǒ yào zuò zǎoshang jiǔdiǎn wǔshifēnde chē.

Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔde chē.

Wǒ yào zuò shàngwǔ shíyīdiǎn sìshifēnde chē.

Wǒ yào zuò xiàwǔde chē.

• H. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker; Qǐngwèn, shàngwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

(May I ask, are there still tickets for the morning train?)

• 2. Qǐngwèn, dào Táinán qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

• 3. Qǐngwèn, míngtiān shàngwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

U. Qǐngwèn, dào Huālián qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

• 5. Qǐngwèn, jīntiān xiàwǔde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

• 6. Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qùde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

• 7. Qǐngwèn, míngtiānde chēpiào hái you meiyou?

You: Qǐngwèn, shàngwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

(May I ask, are the tickets for the morning trains all sold out?)

Qǐngwèn, dào Táinán qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

Qǐngwèn, míngtiān shàngwǔae chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

Qǐngwèn, dào Huālián qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

Qǐngwèn, jīntiān xiàwǔde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

Qǐngwèn, dào Gāoxiōng qùde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

Qǐngwèn, míngtiānde chēpiào dōu màiwán le meiyou?

UNIT 5

REFERENCE LIST

(in Běijīng)

• 1. A: Wǒ yě xiǎng dào Nǎnjīng qù kànkan.

• B: Nī jìhua něitiān qù?

• A: Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kǎyi.

• 2. A: Shanghai lí Nǎnjīng you duo yuan?

• B: You liǎngbǎiwǔshiduō gōnglī.

• 3. A: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?

• B: Dàgài yào zǒu sìge hàn xiǎoshí.

• 4. C: Yào zǒu bànge xiǎoshí.

• 5. B: Nī jìhua zài Nǎnjīng zhù jitiān?

• A: Zhài shi wǒ dìyīcì dào Nǎnjīng qù. Yīqiǎn mǎi qùguo. Nī shuō liǎngtiān gòu bu gou?

• B: Liǎngtiān gòu le.

• 6. A: Měitiān you jītàng chē?

• A: Xiàwù you meiyou chē?

A: Wǒ xīwang xiàwù líkāi zhèr.

7.¹¹ B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yìbān tèkuài.

8ì¹²B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yítàng tèkuài.

I would also like to go to Nǎnjīng to look around.

What day do you plan to go?

Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible.

How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?

It’s over 250 kilometers.

How long does it take to go by train?

It probably takes four and a half hours.

It takes half an hour.

How many days do you plan to stay in Nǎnjīng?

This will be the first time I have gone to Nǎnjīng. I haven’t gone there before. Would you say two days are enough?

Two days are enough.

How many trips are there each day?

Are there trains in the afternoon?

I hope to leave here in the afternoon.

There’s an express at 1305.

There’s an express at 1305.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 9. dǎsuan

• 10. huòzhě (huòzhe)

• 11. yǐhòu

• 12. zhōngtóu

to plan to

or (alternate form of huòshi) afterwards, later on, in the future hour (alternate word for xiǎoshí)

Gate at Shenzhen, where people get off the train from Hong Kong, walk across a bridge into China (through the gate in photo), and board a train for Guangzhou. Most of the people in the picture are Hong Kong residents on their way to visit relatives in Guangzhou.

VOCABULARY

(introduced, on C-2 tape)

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Wǒ yě xiǎng dào Nǎnjīng qù kànkan.

B: Nǐ jìhua něitiān qù?

A: Míngtiān huòshi hòutiān qù dōu kéyi.

I would also like to go to Nǎnjīng to look around.

What day do you plan to go?

Tomorrow and (or) the day after are hoth possible.

Wǒ qù mǎi yìdiǎnr píjiǔ huòshi mǎi yìdiǎnr qìshuǐ.

Tā míngtiān huòshi hòutiān lǎi kàn nǐ ma?

Hǎishi is used for "or" when a choice

Nǐ mǎi píjiǔ hǎishi mǎi qìshuǐ?

Ni xǐhuan dàde hǎishi xihuan xiǎode?

for "or" when both alternatives are

I will go to buy some beer or some soft drinks.

Is he coming to see you tomorrow or the day after? (i.e., sometime during the next two days)

is required between the alternatives

Are you buying beer or (are you buying) soft drinks?

Do you like the large one or (do you like) the small one?

Notes on No. 2

Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yǒu duō yuǎn? distance between two points.

"How far is Shanghai from Nanjing?”

’’Tianjin is 120 kilometers from Beijing."

Approximate numbers may be expressed by When added immediately after a number, an indefinite amount within the

more than 200 kilometers (but fewer than 300)

more than 1,000 students (but fewer than 2,000)

more than 30 dollars (but fewer than Uo)

this way with any round number.

-jǐ may be used instead of -duō

more than 20 persons (but fewer than 30)

more than Uo kilometers (but fewer than 50)

never -duō.

more than 10 dollars (but fewer than 20)

3. A: Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?

B: Dàgài yào zǒu sìge bàn xiǎoshí.

U. C: Yào zǒu bànge xiǎoshí.

How long does it take to go by train?

It probably takes four and a half hours.

It takes half an hour.

Notes on Nos. 3-^

"How long does it take to go by train?"

Yào may also be used as a main verb meaning "to take Ea certain amount of timei":

"How long does it take by train?"

Bàn-, "a half (of)," is used like a number—before a counter or before a noun which does not require a counter.

bànge xiǎoshí              half an hour

bànniǎn                    half a year

bànge píngguǒ              half an apple

Sìge bàn: When bàn FOLLOWS a counter or a noun not requiring a counter, the word is translated as "and a half."

two and a half dollars three and a half days one and a half hours

Xiǎoshí: Formerly, the Chinese considered that one day and night (2U hours) was divided into twelve 2-hour periods of time. Each of these time periods was divided into two xiǎoshí, "small hours," when telling time by the Western 2U-hour system gained popularity throughout the world.

Note on No. 5

Gòu le: The last sentence in exchange 5 ends with the new-situation marker le. This marker is used to describe what a situation is, was, or will be AT A SPECIFIED TIME. The travel agent says that, when the visit has lasted two days, THEN it will be long enough.

Notes on No. 6

Jǐtàng: The counter -tàng is used when the trip mentioned is not a particular one, scheduled at a certain time. Similarly, it can also be used to talk about the number of trips a person has made, or will make.

Líkāi, "to leave," may be followed by an object (the place).  On the

other hand, zǒu, "to leave," is never followed by an object.

Ni shénme shíhou líkāi zhèr?   When are you leaving here?

Nǐ shénme shíhou zǒu?          When are you leaving?

7. B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yìbān tèkuài.

8. B: Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn you yítàng tèkuài.

Notes on Nos. 7-8

Shísāndiǎn ling wǔfēn: For train and bus schedules, a 2k-hour clock is commonly used in China, beginning with 1 a.m. and continuing to midnight , or 2k00.

Ling is included to indicate the zero in "1305."

Tèkuài is an abbreviation for tèbié kuàichē, ’’special express train."

Yìbān and yítàng, counters for trips made by trains, buses, planes, and other conveyances, are sometimes interchangeable.

DRILLS

A. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Wo dǎsuan dào Nánjīng qù kànkan.

(cue) něitiān

(I’m planning to go to Nánjīng to look around.)

• 2. Wǒ xiǎng dào Xīān qù kànkan. jīyuè

• 3. Wǒ jìhua dào Hubei qù kànkan. xīngqījǐ

• 1. Wo dǎsuan dào Shànghǎi qù kànkan. jīhào

• 5. Wǒ jìhua dào Sūzhǒu qù kànkan. jīyuè

• 6. Wǒ xiǎng dào Běijīng qù kànkan. něitiān

• 7. Wǒ dǎsuan dào Wǔchāng qù kànkan. xīngqījǐ

  You: Nī dǎsuan něitiān qù?

  (What day do you plan to go?)

  
  

  Nī xiǎng jīyuè qù?

  Nǐ jìhua xīngqījǐ qù?

  Nī dǎsuan jīhào qù?

  Nī jìhua jīyuè qù?

  Nī xiǎng něitiān qù?

  Nī dǎsuan xīngqījǐ qù?

  
  

• B. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Nī dǎsuan shenme shíhou dào Nánjīng qù? (cue) xiàge yuè

(When are you planning to go to Nánjīng?)

• 2. Nī jìhua jīyuè dào Shànghǎi qù? Liùyuè

• 3. Nī xiǎng něitiān dào Guǎngzhōu qù? hòutiān

You: Wo dǎsuan xiàge yuè dào Nánjīng qu kànkan.

(I’m planning to go to see Nánjīng next month.)

Wǒ jìhua Liùyuè dào Shànghǎi qu kànkan.

Wǒ xiǎng hòutiān dào Guǎngzhōu qu kànkan.

• U. Nǐ dǎsuan něinián dào Zhōngguo qù? míngnián

• 5. Nǐ jìhua jǐyuè dào Xianggang qù?    Èryuè

• 6. Nǐ xiǎng xīngqījǐ dào Bǎijīng qù?    Xīngqīsān

• 7. Nǐ dǎsuan jǐdiǎn zhōng dào tā nàr qù? sāndiān zhōng

Wǒ dasuan míngnián dào Zhōngguo qu kànkan.

Wǒ jìhua Èryuè dào Xianggang qu kànkan.

Wǒ xiǎng Xīngqīsān dào Bǎijīng qu kànkan.

Wo dǎsuan sāndiǎn zhōng dào tā nèr qu kànkan.

• C. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Nǐ jìhua nǎitiān qù?

(cue) Xīngqīèr (What day do you plan to go?)

• 2. Nǐ jìhua nǎitiān qù? wùhào

• 3. Nǐ xiǎng jǐyuè qù? Wùyuè

U. Nǐ xiǎng nǎiniǎn qù?    1977

• 5. Ni dǎsuan shénme shíhou qù? xiàyuè sìhào

• 6. Nǐ dǎsuan jǐdiǎn zhōng qù? shàngwù shídiǎn

• 7. Nǐ jìhua jīhào qù? èrshiqī

You: Xīngqīèr huòzhǎ Xīngqīsān, dōu keyi.

(Tuesday and CorJ Wednesday are both possible.)

Wùhào huòzhǎ liùhào, dōu keyi.

Wùyuè huòzhǎ Liùyuè, dōu keyi.

Yījiùqīqī huòzhǎ Yījiùqībā, dōu keyi.

Xiàyuè sìhào huòzhǎ xiàyuè wùhào, dōu keyi.

Shàngwù shídiǎn huòzhǎ shàngwù shíyīdiǎn, dōu keyi.

Èrshiqíhào huòzhǎ Èrshibǎhào, dōu keyi.

• D. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yuǎn ma?

(cue) duo

(is Shànghǎi far from Nǎnjīng?)

OR Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng yuǎn ma?

(cue) duōshao (is Shànghǎi far from

Nǎnj īng?)

• 2. Beijing lí Tiānjīn yuǎn ma? duō

• 3. Bǎijīng lí Shànghǎi yuǎn ma? duōshao

• 4. Nǎnjīng lí Bǎijīng yuǎn ma? duōshao

• 5. Guǎngzhōu lí Wuhàn yuǎn ma? duō

• 6. Shànghǎi lí Hǎngzhōu yuǎn ma? duōshao

You: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duō yuǎn?

(How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?)

Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duōshao gōnglǐ?

(How many kilometers is Shànghǎi from Nǎnjīng?)

Bǎijīng lí Tiānjīn you duō yuǎn?

Bǎij īng lí Shànghǎi you duōshao gōnglǐ?

Nǎnjīng lí Bǎijīng you duōshao gōnglǐ?

Guǎngzhōu lí Wuhàn you duō yuǎn?

Shànghǎi lí Hǎngzhōu you duōshao gōnglǐ?

• E. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Shànghǎi lí Nǎnjīng you duō yuǎn?

(cue) dàgài 270

(How far is Shànghǎi from Nǎnj īng?)

OR Tiānjīn lí Bǎijīng you duō yuǎn?

(cue) 80duō (How far is Tiānjīn

from Bǎijīng?)

• 2. Bǎijīng lí Hǎngzhōu you duō

yuǎn? 900duō

You: Dàgài yǒu èrbǎiqīshí gōnglǐ.

(it’s prohahly 270 kilometers.)

Dàgài lí Bǎijīng you bāshíduō gōnglǐ.

(it’s probably more than 80 kilometers.)

Dàgài lí Hǎngzhōu you jiubǎiduō gōnglǐ.