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<section id="leçon-13---vins-et-boissons" class="level1">
<h1>Leçon 13 - Vins et boissons</h1>
<div class="resume">
Grammaire : le passé en chinois, exemples et exercices. Vocabulaire : Aimes-tu ... ? As-tu déjà ... ? Tu dois être ...
</div>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_520">Contenu de la leçon</h2>
<div class="contents">
<ul>
<li>Conversation 1 : Aimez vous l'alcool de riz?<br/></li>
<li>Conversation 2 : As-tu déjà bu du thé vert?<br/></li>
<li>Conversation 3 : Tu viens sûrement du Sud<br/></li>
<li>Grammaire<br/></li>
<li>Exercices de Subsitution<br/></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_521">Conversation 1 : Aimez vous l'alcool de riz?</h2>
<audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/13-01.mp3"></audio>
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你喜欢喝白酒吗？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xǐhuān hē báijiǔ ma ?</span><br/> - Aimes-tu boire l'alcool de riz?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">不太喜欢喝白酒, 喜欢喝茶.</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Bú tài xǐhuān hē báijiǔ, xǐhuān hē chá.</span><br/> - Je n'aime pas trop l'alcool de riz, j'aime le thé.</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你喜欢喝花茶还是绿茶？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xǐhuān hē huāchá háishì lǜchá ?</span><br/> - Aimes-tu le thé parfumé ou le thé vert.</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">花茶. 我经常喝花茶.</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Huāchá. Wǒ jīngcháng hē huāchá.</span><br/> - Le thé parfumé. J'en bois souvent.<br/></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_522">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>
Hanzi
</th>
<th>
Pinyin
</th>
<th>
Type<br/>
grammatical
</th>
<th>
Traduction
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">喜欢</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xǐhuān</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
aimer
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">白酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">báijiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
alcool de riz, eau-de-vie
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
太
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">tài</span>
</td>
<td>
(adv)
</td>
<td>
trop
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">花茶</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">huāchá</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
thé parfumé
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">还是</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">háishì</span>
</td>
<td>
(conj)
</td>
<td>
ou
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">绿茶</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">lǜchá</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
thé vert
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">经常</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">jīngcháng</span>
</td>
<td>
(adv)
</td>
<td>
souvent
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_523">Conversation 2 : As-tu déjà bu du thé vert?</h2>
<audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/13-02.mp3"></audio>
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你喝过绿茶吗？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ hē guo lǜchá ma ?</span><br/> - As-tu déjà bu du thé vert?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">没有。绿茶贵不贵？好喝吗？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Méi yǒu. Lǜchá guì bu guì? Hǎo hē ma ?</span><br/> - Non, le thé vert est-il cher? Est-il bon?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">不便宜，很贵。我觉得很好喝。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Bù piányi, hěn guì. Wǒ juéde hěn hǎo hē.</span><br/> - Ce n'est pas bon marché, c'est très cher, mais je trouve que c'est très bon.<br/></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_524">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>
Hanzi
</th>
<th>
Pinyin
</th>
<th>
Type<br/>
grammatical
</th>
<th>
Traduction
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">贵</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">guì</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
cher
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">好喝</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">hǎohē</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
bon (à boire)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">便宜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">piányi</span>
</td>
<td>
(adv)
</td>
<td>
bon marché
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">觉得</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">juéde</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
trouver, considérer
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_525">Conversation 3 : Tu viens sûrement du Sud</h2>
<audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/13-03.mp3"></audio>
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你一定是南方人。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ yídìng shì nánfāngrén.</span><br/> - Tu viens du Sud non? ( tu es sûrement quelqu'un du Sud.)</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">是啊。你怎么知道？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Shì a. Nǐ zěnme zhīdào ?</span><br/> - En effet! Comment le sais-tu?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">因为北方人喝，花茶南方人。喜欢喝绿茶。你喝过龙井吗？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Yīnwèi běifāngrén hē huāchá，nánfāngrén xǐhuān hē lǜchá. Nǐ hē guo lóngjǐng ma ?</span><br/> - Parce qu'au Nord on boit ( les gens du Nord boivent ) du thé parfumé, au Sud du thé vert. As-tu bu du thé Longjing?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">当然啦。西湖龙井很。有名。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Dāngrán la. Xīhú lóngjǐng hěn yǒumíng.</span> - Évidemment !<br/> - Le thé Longjing du lac de l'Ouest est très célèbre.</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">看来你对茶很了解。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Kànlái nǐ duì chá hěn liǎojiě.</span><br/> - Toi, tu m'as l'air de t'y connaître en thé.<br/></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_526">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>
Hanzi
</th>
<th>
Pinyin
</th>
<th>
Type<br/>
grammatical
</th>
<th>
Traduction
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">南方</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">nánfāng</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
le Sud
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">怎么</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">zěnme</span>
</td>
<td>
(pro)
</td>
<td>
comment
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">知道</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">zhīdào</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
savoir
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">因为</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yīnwèi</span>
</td>
<td>
(conj)
</td>
<td>
parce que
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">北方</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">běifāng</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
le Nord
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">龙井</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">lóngjǐng</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
Longjing (nom d'un thé)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">当然</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">dāngrán</span>
</td>
<td>
(adv)
</td>
<td>
évidemment
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">啦</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">la</span>
</td>
<td>
(part)
</td>
<td>
(particule modale)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">西湖</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Xīhú</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
lac de l'Ouest (à Hangzhou)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">有名</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yǒumíng</span>
</td>
<td>
(adv)
</td>
<td>
fameux
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">看来</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">kànlái</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
sembler, avoir l'air
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">对</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">duì</span>
</td>
<td>
(prep)
</td>
<td>
pour, envers
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">了解</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">liǎojiě</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
comprendre, connaître
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_527">Grammaire</h2>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_528">Interrogation exprimant une alternative : <span class="hanzist">还是</span></h3>
<p>Une "interrogation exprimant une alternative" est composée de deux déclarations liées par <span class="hanzi">还是</span>. Les deux déclarations suggèrent les deux choix proposés à la personne adressée.</p>
<p>Exemples :</p>
<div class="exemple">
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你 喝 花茶 还是 绿茶？</span><br/>- <br/>- Tu vois du thé parfumé ou du thé vert?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你 去 北京 还是 上海？</span><br/>- <br/>- Tu vas à Pékin ou à Shanghai?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你 是 中国人 还是 法国人？</span><br/>- <br/>- Tu es chinois ou Français?<br/></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_529">Structure de la phrase</h3>
<p>Une phrase sujet-prédicat peut devenir le complément d'objet pour certain verbes.</p>
<p>Exemples :</p>
<div class="exemple">
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">我 觉得 绿茶 很贵 。</span><br/>- <br/>- Je trouve que le thé vert est très cher.</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">我 觉得 茶 很好喝 。</span><br/>- <br/>- Je trouve que le thé est bon.<br/></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_530">La préposition <span class="hanzist">对</span></h3>
<p>La préposition <span class="hanzi">对</span> et son objet sont placés devant le verbe.</p>
<p>Exemples :</p>
<div class="exemple">
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">他 对 茶 很了解 。</span><br/>- <br/>- Il s'y connaît beaucoup en thé.</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">我 对 他 说 。</span><br/>- <br/>- Je le dis à lui. (je lui dis)<br/></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_531">Exercices de Subsitution</h2>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_532">Exercice 1</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">你喜欢喝<span class="encadrerouge">白酒</span>吗？</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xǐhuān hē <span class="encadrerouge">báijiǔ</span> ma?</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">我不太喜欢喝<span class="encadrerouge">白酒</span>。</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Wǒ bú tài xǐhuān hē <span class="encadrerouge">báijiǔ</span>.</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_533">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">啤酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">píjiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
bière
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">香槟酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xiāngbīnjiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
champagne
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">威士忌</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">wēishìji</span>
</td>
<td>
whisky
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">葡萄酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">pútaojiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
vin
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">红葡萄酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">hóngpútaojiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
vin rouge
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">白葡萄酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">báipútaojiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
vin blanc
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">茅台酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">máotáijiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
Maotai, une eau-de-vie chinoise
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_534">Exercice 2</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">你喜欢喝<span class="encadrerouge">花茶</span>还是<span class="encadrerouge">绿茶</span>？</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xǐhuān hē <span class="encadrerouge">huāchá</span> háishì <span class="encadrerouge">lǜchá</span>?</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">我喜欢喝花茶。</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Wǒ xǐhuān hē <span class="encadrerouge">huāchá</span>.</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_535">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">矿泉水</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">kuàngquánshuǐ</span>
</td>
<td>
eau minérale
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">桔子水</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">júzishuǐ</span>
</td>
<td>
jus d'orange
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">雪碧</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Xuěbì</span>
</td>
<td>
Sprite
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">牛奶</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">niúnǎi</span>
</td>
<td>
lait
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">酸奶</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">suānnǎi</span>
</td>
<td>
yaourt
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">咖啡</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">kāfēi</span>
</td>
<td>
café
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_536">Exercice 3</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Nǐ jīngcháng hē shénme <span class="encadrerouge">chá</span>?</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">你经常喝什么<span class="encadrerouge">茶</span>？</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Wǒ jīngcháng hē <span class="encadrerouge">huāchá</span>.</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">我经常喝<span class="encadrerouge">花茶</span>。</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_537">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">jiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
alcool
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">啤酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">píjiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
bière
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">红酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">hóngjiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
vin rouge
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">饮料</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yǐnliào</span>
</td>
<td>
soda
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">咖啡</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">kāfēi</span>
</td>
<td>
café
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_538">Exercice 4</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">你对<span class="encadrerouge">茶</span>了解吗？</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Nǐ duì <span class="encadrerouge">chá</span> liǎojiě ma?</span>
</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">我对<span class="encadrerouge">茶</span>很了解。</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Wǒ duì <span class="encadrerouge">chá</span> hěn liǎojiě.</span>
</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_539">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">中国</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Zhōngguó</span>
</td>
<td>
Chine
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">比利时</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Bǐlìshí</span>
</td>
<td>
Belgique
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">北京</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Běijīng</span>
</td>
<td>
Pékin
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">你的朋友</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">nǐ de péngyou</span>
</td>
<td>
ton ami
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">白酒</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">báijiǔ</span>
</td>
<td>
alcool de riz
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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