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<h1>Leçon 15 - Menu, Nourriture</h1>
<div class="resume">
Grammaire : la forme interrogative "affirmation / négation" du chinois, répétition du verbe, exemples et exercices. Vocabulaire : Préfères-tu la cuisine chinoise ou occidentale? As-tu goûté au canard laqué? Quel est ce plat?
</div>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_555">Contenu de la leçon</h2>
<div class="contents">
<ul>
<li>Conversation 1 : Préfères-tu la cuisine chinoise ou occidentale?</li>
<li>Conversation 2 : As-tu déjà mangé du canard laqué?</li>
<li>Conversation 3 : Quel est ce plat?</li>
<li>Conversation 4 : Quelle est ta nourriture de base habituelle?</li>
<li>Grammaire</li>
<li>Exercices de subsitution</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_556">Conversation 1 : Préfères-tu la cuisine chinoise ou occidentale?</h2>
<audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/15-01.mp3"></audio>
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你喜欢吃中餐还是西餐？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xǐhuān chī Zhōngcān háishì Xīcān?</span><br/> - Préfères-tu la cuisine chinoise ou occidentale? ( Tu aimes plus la cuisine chinoise ou la cuisine occidentale?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">我非常喜欢吃中餐。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Wǒ fēicháng xǐhuān chī Zhōngcān.</span><br/> - J'aime beaucoup (manger) la cuisine chinoise.</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你最喜欢吃什么？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ zuì xǐhuān chī shénme?</span><br/> - Q'est-ce que tu préfères? ( Tu aimes plus manger quoi ? )</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">我最喜欢吃饺子。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuì xǐhuān chī jiǎozi.</span><br/> - J'aime les raviolis.<br/></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_557">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>
Hanzi
</th>
<th>
Pinyin
</th>
<th>
Type<br/>
grammatical
</th>
<th>
Traduction
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">中餐</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Zhōngcān</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
cuisine chinoise
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">西餐</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Xīcān</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
cuisine occidentale
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">非常</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">fēicháng</span>
</td>
<td>
(adv)
</td>
<td>
très, beaucoup
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">最</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">zuì</span>
</td>
<td>
(adv)
</td>
<td>
le plus
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">饺子</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">jiǎozi</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
ravioli (chinois)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_558">Conversation 2 : Have you ever eaten roast duck?</h2>
<audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/15-02.mp3"></audio>
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你吃过烤鸭没有？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ chī guo kǎoyā méi yǒu?</span><br/> - As-tu déjà mangé du canard laqué ?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">没吃过好吃吗？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Méi chī guo hǎochī ma?</span><br/> - Non ( Je n'en ai pas mangé ), est-ce que c'est bon?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">不错你应该尝一尝。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Búcuò nǐ yīnggāi cháng yi cháng.</span><br/> - Pas mauvais, tu devrais goûter.<br/></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_559">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>
Hanzi
</th>
<th>
Pinyin
</th>
<th>
Type<br/>
grammatical
</th>
<th>
Traduction
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">烤鸭</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">kǎoyā</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
canard laqué
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">好吃</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">hǎochī</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
bon, délicieux
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">不错</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">búcuò</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
pas mal
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">应该</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yīnggāi</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
falloir, devoir
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">尝</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">cháng</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
essayer, goûter
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_560">Conversation 3 : Quel est ce plat?</h2>
<audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/15-03.mp3"></audio>
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你知道是什么菜吗？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ zhīdào shì shénme cài ma?</span><br/> - Sais-tu quel est ce plat?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">这是凉菜，也叫下酒菜。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Zhè shì liángcài, yě jiào xiàjiǔcài.</span><br/> - C'est un plat froid. On l'appelle aussi "le plat qui fait passer l'alcool" ( descendre alcool plat ).</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">菜单上有什么热菜？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Càidān shàng yǒu shénme rècài?</span><br/> - Qu'y a-t-il comme plat chaud sur le menu?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">有青菜，鱼，肉，鸡和海鲜。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Yǒu qīngcài, yú, ròu, jī hé hǎixiān.</span><br/> - Il y a des légumes, du poisson, du porc, du poulet et des fruits de mer.<br/></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_561">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>
Hanzi
</th>
<th>
Pinyin
</th>
<th>
Type<br/>
grammatical
</th>
<th>
Traduction
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">知道</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">zhīdào</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
savoir
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">菜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">cài</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
plat, légumes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">凉菜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">liángcài</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
plat froid
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">下酒菜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xiàjiǔcài</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
plat froid
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">菜单</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">càidān</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
menu
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">上</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">shàng</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
sur
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">热</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">rè</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
chaud
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">热菜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">rècài</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
plat chaud
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">青菜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">qīngcài</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
légumes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">鱼</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yú</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
poisson
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">肉</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">ròu</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
viande, porc
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">鸡</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">jī</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
poulet
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">海鲜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">hǎixiān</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
fruits de mer
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_562">Conversation 4 : Quelle est ta nourriture de base habituelle?</h2>
<audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/15-04.mp3"></audio>
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">你常吃什么主食？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ cháng chī shénme zhǔshí?</span><br/> - En général quelle est ta nourriture de base?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">米饭和馒头。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Mǐfàn hé mántou.</span><br/> - Le riz et le pain vapeur.<br/></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_563">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>
Hanzi
</th>
<th>
Pinyin
</th>
<th>
Type<br/>
grammatical
</th>
<th>
Traduction
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">常</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">cháng</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
souvent, d'ordinaire
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">主食</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">zhǔshí</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
nourriture de base
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">米饭</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">mǐfàn</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
riz (cuisiné)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">馒头</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">mántou</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
pain vapeur
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_564">Grammaire</h2>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_565">Question utilisant <span class="hanzist">没有</span></h3>
<p>Dans les phrases utilisant la particule <span class="hanzi">过</span> (<span class="pinyin">guo</span>), la forme interrogative "affirmation / négation" se compose ainsi:</p>
<p>Exemple</p>
<div class="exemple">
<ul>
<li>你<span class="hanzi"> 去 过 北京 没有？</span><br/>- <br/> Es-tu allé à Pékin?</li>
<li><span class="hanzi">你 吃 过 饺子 没有？</span><br/>- <br/> As-tu mangé des raviolis?</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_566">Répétition du verbe : <span class="hanzist">尝一尝</span></h3>
<p>C'est la cas des verbes qui dénotent une action qui peut être répétée.</p>
<p>On utilise ce procédé lorsque l'on veut indiquer une action de courte durée, afin d'adoucir le ton, ou de donner une touche décontractée et informelle.</p>
<p>Exemples:</p>
<div class="exemple">
<ul>
<li><span class="hanzi">你 应该 尝一尝。</span><br/>- <br/> Tu devrais goûter.</li>
<li><span class="hanzi">你 应该 看一看。</span><br/>- <br/> Tu devrais jeter un coup d'œil.<br/></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_567">Exercices de subsitution</h2>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_568">Exercice 1</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">你喜欢吃<span class="encadrerouge">中餐</span>还是<span class="encadrerouge">西餐</span> ?</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xǐhuān chī <span class="encadrerouge">Zhōngcān</span> háishì <span class="encadrerouge">Xīcān</span>?</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">我非常喜欢吃<span class="encadrerouge">西餐</span> 。</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Wǒ fēicháng xǐhuān chī <span class="encadrerouge">Xīcān</span>.</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><br/></p>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">法国餐</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Fǎguócān</span>
</td>
<td>
cuisine française
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">青菜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">qīngcài</span>
</td>
<td>
légumes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">鱼</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yú</span>
</td>
<td>
poisson
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">肉</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">ròu</span>
</td>
<td>
porc
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">鸡</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">jī</span>
</td>
<td>
poulet
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">海鲜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">hǎixiān</span>
</td>
<td>
fruits de mer
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_569">Exercice 2</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">你最喜欢吃什么？</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Nǐ zuì xǐhuān chī shénme?</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">我最喜欢吃<span class="encadrerouge">饺子</span>。</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuì xǐhuān chī <span class="encadrerouge">jiǎozi</span>.</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><br/></p>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">面条</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">miàntiáo</span>
</td>
<td>
nouilles
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">烤鸭</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">kǎoyā</span>
</td>
<td>
canard laqué
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">牛肉</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">niúròu</span>
</td>
<td>
bœuf
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">猪肉</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">zhūròu</span>
</td>
<td>
porc
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">羊肉</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yángròu</span>
</td>
<td>
agneau
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">虾</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xiā</span>
</td>
<td>
crevette
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_570">Exercice 3</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">你知道这是什么菜吗？</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Nǐ zhīdào zhè shì shénme cài ma ?</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">这是<span class="encadrerouge">凉菜</span>。</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">zhè shì <span class="encadrerouge">liángcài</span>.</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><br/></p>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">汤</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">tāng</span>
</td>
<td>
soupe
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">花生米</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">huāshēngmǐ</span>
</td>
<td>
cacahouètes écalées
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">包子</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">bāozi</span>
</td>
<td>
pain vapeur fourré
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">香菇</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xiānggū</span>
</td>
<td>
champigon
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">黄瓜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">huángguā</span>
</td>
<td>
concombre
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">西红柿</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xīhóngshì</span>
</td>
<td>
tomate
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">鸡蛋</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">jīdàn</span>
</td>
<td>
œuf
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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