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<h1>Leçon 17 - Habitudes Alimentaires</h1>
<div class="resume">
Réviser comment lire un menu chinois au restaurant et à commander vos plats en chinois. Grammaire: les phrases pivots, exemples et exercices. Vocabulaire: Avez-vous le menu? Désirez-vous autre chose? L'addition s'il vous plaît.
</div>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_583">Contenu de la leçon</h2>
<div class="contents">
<ul>
<li>Conversation : Au restaurant du Sichuan (Partie I)</li>
<li>Conversation : Au restaurant du Sichuan (Partie II)</li>
<li>Grammaire</li>
<li>Exercices de subsitution</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_584">Conversation : Au restaurant du Sichuan (Partie I)</h2>
<audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/17-01.mp3"></audio>
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">这是一家四川饭馆儿吧？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Zhè shì yì jiā Sìchuān fànguǎnr ba?</span><br/> - C'est un restaurant de cuisine du Sichuan !</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">听说你爱吃辣的，所以今天请你吃川菜。你爱吃甜的吗？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Tīngshuō nǐ ài chī là de, suǒyǐ jīntiān qǐng nǐ chī Chuāncài. Nǐ ài chī tián de ma?</span><br/> - j'ai entendu dire que tu aimais manger épicé, donc je t'invite à manger de la cuisine du Sichuan. Aimes-tu manger sucré?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">不，爱吃咸的。我是北方人。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Bù, ài chī xián de. Wǒ shì Běifāngrén.</span><br/> - Non, j'aime manger salé. Je viens du Nord.</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">也就是说，南方人甜的。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Yě jiù shì shuō, Nánfāngrén ài tián de.</span><br/> - Est-ce dire que les gens du Sud aiment manger sucré?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">一般来说，他们爱吃清淡的。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Yìbān lái shuō， tāmen ài chī qīngdàn de.</span><br/> - En général ils aiment manger doux.<br/></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_585">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>
Hanzi
</th>
<th>
Pinyin
</th>
<th>
Type<br/>
grammatical
</th>
<th>
Traduction
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">家</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">jiā</span>
</td>
<td>
(spé)
</td>
<td>
(un établissement)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">吧</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">ba</span>
</td>
<td>
(part)
</td>
<td>
(particule modale)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">听说</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">tīngshuō</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
avoir entendu dire
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">爱</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">ài</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
aimer
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">辣</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">là</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
épicé
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">所以</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">suǒyǐ</span>
</td>
<td>
(conj)
</td>
<td>
ainsi, donc
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">请</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">qǐng</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
inviter
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">川菜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Chuāncài</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
cuisine du Sichuan
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">甜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">tián</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
doux, sucré
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">咸</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xián</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
salé
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">也就是说</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yějiùshìshuō</span>
</td>
<td>
(expr)
</td>
<td>
Est-ce dire
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">一般来说</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yìbānláishuō</span>
</td>
<td>
(expr)
</td>
<td>
en général
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">清淡</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">qīngdàn</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
léger, doux
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_586">Conversation : Au restaurant du Sichuan (Partie II)</h2>
<audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/17-01.mp3"></audio>
<ul>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">我 点了几 个名菜，你 尝尝。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Wǒ diǎn le jǐ ge míngcài, nǐ chángchang.</span><br/> - J'ai commandé plusieurs plats célèbres, goûte !</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">不错。来，为我们的 友谊干杯。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Búcuò. Lái, wèi wǒmen de yǒuyì gānbēi.</span><br/> - Pas mauvais ! Allons, buvons à notre amitié.</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">干杯。慢慢吃。这个菜 辣不辣？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Gānbēi. Mànmān chī. Zhè gè cài là bú là ?</span><br/> - Santé! Bon appétit ! Ce plat est-il épicé?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">够辣的。那个菜有点儿淡。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Gòu là de. Nà gè cài yǒu diǎnr dàn.。</span><br/> - Assez épicé. Ce plat là est un peu fade.</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">小姐，有盐吗？ 拿点儿盐来。用信用卡结账可以吗？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Xiǎojiě, yǒu yán ma ? Ná diǎnr yán lái. Yòng xínyòngkǎ jiézhàng kěyǐ ma ?</span><br/> - Mademoiselle, avez-vous du sel? Apportez moi un peu de sel. Peut-on régler avec la carte de crédit?</li>
<li>- <span class="hanzi">不行。我们这儿只收现金。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Bù xíng. Wǒmen zhèr zhǐ shōu xiànjīn.</span><br/> - Non, nous n'acceptons que le liquide.<br/></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_587">Vocabulaire</h3>
<table class="table1">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>
Hanzi
</th>
<th>
Pinyin
</th>
<th>
Type<br/>
grammatical
</th>
<th>
Traduction
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">点</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">diǎn</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
commander (plats)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">名菜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">míngcài</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
plat célèbre
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">尝</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">cháng</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
goûter
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">为</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">wèi</span>
</td>
<td>
(prep)
</td>
<td>
pour
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">友谊</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yǒuyì</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
amitié
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">干杯</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">gānbēi</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
trinquer
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>
(loc)
</td>
<td>
Santé ! Tchin tchin !
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">慢</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">màn</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
lent
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">慢慢吃</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">màn màn chī</span>
</td>
<td>
(loc)
</td>
<td>
bon appétit
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">够...的</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">gòu...de</span>
</td>
<td>
(adv)
</td>
<td>
assez
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">淡</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">dàn</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
léger
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">盐</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">yán</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
sel
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">拿</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">ná</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
prendre
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">信用卡</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xìnyòngkǎ</span>
</td>
<td>
(n)
</td>
<td>
carte de crédit
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">结账</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">jiézhàng</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
régler (l'addition)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">可以</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">kěyǐ</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
pouvoir
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">只</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">zhǐ</span>
</td>
<td>
(adv)
</td>
<td>
seulement
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">收</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">shōu</span>
</td>
<td>
(v)
</td>
<td>
accepter
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">现金</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xiànjīn</span>
</td>
<td>
(adj)
</td>
<td>
(argent) liquide
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_588">Grammaire</h2>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_589">Phrase pivot</h3>
<p>Une phrase pivot est formée de deux phrases-noyaus (ou constructions verbales), dont le complément du premier verbe est aussi le sujet du second verbe.</p>
<p>Exemple: le verbe 请 (qǐng) peut être utilisé comme premier verbe d'une phrase pivot.</p>
<table class="table1">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>
phrase noyau 1
</th>
<th>
phrase noyau 2
</th>
<th>
phrase pivot
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">我请你</span><br/>
( Je t'invite )
</td>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">你吃饭</span><br/>
( tu manges )
</td>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">我 请 你 吃饭</span><br/>
( Je t'invite à manger )
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">他请我</span><br/>
( Il m'invite )
</td>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">我看电影</span><br/>
( je vois un film )
</td>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">他 请 我 看 电影</span><br/>
( Il m'invite à voir un film )
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">我请朋友</span><br/>
( j'invite des amis )
</td>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">朋友来我家</span><br/>
( des amis viennent chez moi )
</td>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">我请朋友来我家</span><br/>
( J'invite des amis à venir chez moi )
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_590">La particule structurelle 的</h3>
<p>On utilise la particule 的 après un adjectif. Exemples: - <span class="hanzi">辣 的</span> ( épicé ) - <span class="hanzi">甜 的</span> ( doux ) - <span class="hanzi">大 的</span> ( gros )</p>
<h2 id="sigil_toc_id_591">Exercices de subsitution</h2>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_592">Exercice 1</h3>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">今天你请我吃什么</span>？
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Jīntiān nǐ qǐng wǒ chī shénme?</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">我请你吃<span class="encadrerouge">川菜</span></span> .
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Wǒ qǐng nǐ chī <span class="encadrerouge">Chuān cài</span>.</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><br/></p>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">粤菜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Yuè cài</span>
</td>
<td>
cuisine cantonaise
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">法国菜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">Fàguó cài</span>
</td>
<td>
cuisine française
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">西餐</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xī cān</span>
</td>
<td>
cuisine occidentale
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_593">Exercice 2</h3>
<p><br/></p>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">你爱吃<span class="encadrerouge">甜</span>的吗？</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Nǐ ài chī <span class="encadrerouge">tián</span> de ma?</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">我 （不） 爱吃<span class="encadrerouge">甜</span>的。</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Wǒ ( bú ) ài chī <span class="encadrerouge">tián</span> de.</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">咸</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">xián</span>
</td>
<td>
salé
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">辣</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">là</span>
</td>
<td>
épicé
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">酸</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">suān</span>
</td>
<td>
aigre
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">甜</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">tián</span>
</td>
<td>
sucré
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sigil_toc_id_594">Exercice 3</h3>
<p><br/></p>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">为<span class="encadrerouge">我们的友谊</span>干杯！</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Wèi <span class="encadrerouge">wǒmen de yǒuyì </span>gānbēi!</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
- <span class="hanzi">干杯！</span>
</td>
<td>
- <span class="pinyin">Gānbēi!</span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="table1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="hanzi">你的健康</span>
</td>
<td>
<span class="pinyin">nǐ de jiànkāng</span>
</td>
<td>
ta santé
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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