{
    "chinwa": [
        {
            "hanzi": "唉 ",
            "traditional": "唉 ",
            "pinyin": "āi",
            "translation": "(interjection ou grognement d’accord ou la reconnaissance) (par exemple / oui / c’est moi!) / soupirer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "爱护 ",
            "traditional": "愛護 ",
            "pinyin": "àihù",
            "translation": "chérir / prendre soin / aimer et protéger ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "爱惜 ",
            "traditional": "愛惜 ",
            "pinyin": "àixī",
            "translation": "chérir / utiliser avec parcimonie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "爱心 ",
            "traditional": "愛心 ",
            "pinyin": "àixīn",
            "translation": "compassion ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "安慰 ",
            "traditional": "安慰 ",
            "pinyin": "ānwèi",
            "translation": "consoler ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "安装 ",
            "traditional": "安裝 ",
            "pinyin": "ānzhuāng",
            "translation": "installer / droit / fixer / montage / installation ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "岸 ",
            "traditional": "岸 ",
            "pinyin": "àn",
            "translation": "banque / rivage / plage / côte ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "把握 ",
            "traditional": "把握 ",
            "pinyin": "bǎwò",
            "translation": "saisir / tenir / assurance / certitude / que (le résultat) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "摆 ",
            "traditional": "擺 ",
            "pinyin": "bǎi",
            "translation": "organiser / exposer / déplacer çà et là / pendule ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "班主任 ",
            "traditional": "班主任 ",
            "pinyin": "bānzhǔrèn",
            "translation": "enseignant responsable d’une classe / professeur principal ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "办理 ",
            "traditional": "辦理 ",
            "pinyin": "bànlǐ",
            "translation": "manipuler / effectuer des transactions / effectuer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "棒 ",
            "traditional": "棒 ",
            "pinyin": "bàng",
            "translation": "bâton / canne / intelligent / capable / fort / merveilleux ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "傍晚 ",
            "traditional": "傍晚 ",
            "pinyin": "bàngwǎn",
            "translation": "soir / quand la nuit tombe / vers le soir / la tombée la nuit / au crépuscule ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "包裹 ",
            "traditional": "包裹 ",
            "pinyin": "bāoguǒ",
            "translation": "conclure / faisceau / parcelle / emballage ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "包含 ",
            "traditional": "包含 ",
            "pinyin": "bāohán",
            "translation": "contenir / incarner / inclure ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "包子 ",
            "traditional": "包子 ",
            "pinyin": "bāozi",
            "translation": "petit pain cuit à la vapeur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "薄 ",
            "traditional": "薄 ",
            "pinyin": "báo",
            "translation": "mince / indifférent / faiblesse / lumière / infertile ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "宝贝 ",
            "traditional": "寶貝 ",
            "pinyin": "bǎobèi",
            "translation": "objet précieux / trésor / chérie / bébé / « gay » (queer) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "保持 ",
            "traditional": "保持 ",
            "pinyin": "bǎochí",
            "translation": "gader / maintenir / préserver ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "保存 ",
            "traditional": "保存 ",
            "pinyin": "bǎocún",
            "translation": "conserver / préserver / maintenir / sauver (un fichier informatique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "宝贵 ",
            "traditional": "寶貴 ",
            "pinyin": "bǎoguì",
            "translation": "précieux / valeur / trésor ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "保留 ",
            "traditional": "保留 ",
            "pinyin": "bǎoliú",
            "translation": "conserver / continuer à avoir / préserver / conserver / réserver / réservation / retenir (approbation ou acceptation) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "保险 ",
            "traditional": "保險 ",
            "pinyin": "bǎoxiǎn",
            "translation": "assurance / assurer / en toute sécurité / sécurisé / s’assurer / être lié ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "报告 ",
            "traditional": "報告 ",
            "pinyin": "bàogào",
            "translation": "informer / rapporter / faire connaître / discours / parler / conférence ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "悲观 ",
            "traditional": "悲觀 ",
            "pinyin": "bēiguān",
            "translation": "pessimiste ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "倍 ",
            "traditional": "倍 ",
            "pinyin": "bèi",
            "translation": "(deux / trois / etc) fois / fois (multiplicateur) / double / augmenter ou multiplier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "背景 ",
            "traditional": "背景 ",
            "pinyin": "bèijǐng",
            "translation": "arrière-plan / toile de fond / contexte ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "被子 ",
            "traditional": "被子 ",
            "pinyin": "bèizi",
            "translation": "couette / couverture ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "本科 ",
            "traditional": "本科 ",
            "pinyin": "běnkē",
            "translation": "cours de premier cycle / premier cycle (adjectif) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "本领 ",
            "traditional": "本領 ",
            "pinyin": "běnlǐng",
            "translation": "compétence / capacité ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "本质 ",
            "traditional": "本質 ",
            "pinyin": "běnzhì",
            "translation": "essentiellement / nature / caractère inné / qualité intrinsèque ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "彼此 ",
            "traditional": "彼此 ",
            "pinyin": "bǐcǐ",
            "translation": "autre / un autre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "比例 ",
            "traditional": "比例 ",
            "pinyin": "bǐlì",
            "translation": "proportion / échelle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "比如 ",
            "traditional": "比如 ",
            "pinyin": "bǐrú",
            "translation": "par exemple / par exemple / tel que ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "毕竟 ",
            "traditional": "畢竟 ",
            "pinyin": "bìjìng",
            "translation": "après tout / dans l’ensemble / quand tout est dit et fait / en conclusion ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "避免 ",
            "traditional": "避免 ",
            "pinyin": "bìmiǎn",
            "translation": "éviter / prévenir / s’abstenir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "必然 ",
            "traditional": "必然 ",
            "pinyin": "bìrán",
            "translation": "inévitable / certains / nécessité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "必需 ",
            "traditional": "必需 ",
            "pinyin": "bìxū",
            "translation": "avoir besoin / exiger / essentiel / indispensable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "必要 ",
            "traditional": "必要 ",
            "pinyin": "bìyào",
            "translation": "nécessaire / essentiel / indispensable / nécessaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "编辑 ",
            "traditional": "編輯 ",
            "pinyin": "biānjí",
            "translation": "éditer / compiler / rédacteur en chef / compilateur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "鞭炮 ",
            "traditional": "鞭炮 ",
            "pinyin": "biānpào",
            "translation": "pétards / une mitraillette (pétards) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "便 ",
            "traditional": "便 ",
            "pinyin": "biàn",
            "translation": "ordinaire / simple / pratique / quand l’occasion se présente / à portée de main / facile / informelle / simple / sorte / ainsi / pour se soulager / uriner / aller ) la selle / équivalent à 就: alors / dans ce cas / même si / dès après ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "辩论 ",
            "traditional": "辯論 ",
            "pinyin": "biànlùn",
            "translation": "débat / argumentation / argumenter ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "标点 ",
            "traditional": "標點 ",
            "pinyin": "biāodiǎn",
            "translation": "ponctuation / signe de ponctuation / ponctuer ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "标志 ",
            "traditional": "標誌 ",
            "pinyin": "biāozhì",
            "translation": "signe / marque / symbole / indiquer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "表面 ",
            "traditional": "表面 ",
            "pinyin": "biǎomiàn",
            "translation": "surface / visage / extérieur / apparence ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "表明 ",
            "traditional": "表明 ",
            "pinyin": "biǎomíng",
            "translation": "préciser / faire connaître / indiquer clairement / connu ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "表情 ",
            "traditional": "表情 ",
            "pinyin": "biǎoqíng",
            "translation": "expression (visage) / exprimer ses sentiments ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "表现 ",
            "traditional": "表現 ",
            "pinyin": "biǎoxiàn",
            "translation": "montrer / afficher / manifester / expression / manifestation / exposition / affichage / performances (au travail / etc) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "丙 ",
            "traditional": "丙 ",
            "pinyin": "bǐng",
            "translation": "tiers des 10 tiges célestes 十天干 / troisième dans l’ordre / lettre «C» ou chiffre romain « III » ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "病毒 ",
            "traditional": "病毒 ",
            "pinyin": "bìngdú",
            "translation": "virus ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "玻璃 ",
            "traditional": "玻璃 ",
            "pinyin": "bōli",
            "translation": "verre / nylon / plastique ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "博物馆 ",
            "traditional": "博物館 ",
            "pinyin": "bówùguǎn",
            "translation": "musée ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "脖子 ",
            "traditional": "脖子 ",
            "pinyin": "bózi",
            "translation": "cou ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "补充 ",
            "traditional": "補充 ",
            "pinyin": "bǔchōng",
            "translation": "reconstituer / compléter / supplémentaire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "布 ",
            "traditional": "布 ",
            "pinyin": "bù",
            "translation": "chiffon / déclarer / annoncer / se répandre / faire connaître ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不安 ",
            "traditional": "不安 ",
            "pinyin": "bùān",
            "translation": "instable / mal à l’aise / perturbé / agité / inquiet ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不必 ",
            "traditional": "不必 ",
            "pinyin": "búbì",
            "translation": "il n’est pas nécessaire de / ne pas avoir besoin de ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不得了 ",
            "traditional": "不得了 ",
            "pinyin": "bùdéliǎo",
            "translation": "sérieux / désastreux / extrêmement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不断 ",
            "traditional": "不斷 ",
            "pinyin": "búduàn",
            "translation": "incessant / ininterrompu / continu / constant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "部分 ",
            "traditional": "部分 ",
            "pinyin": "bùfen",
            "translation": "partie / action / section / pièce ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不好意思 ",
            "traditional": "不好意思 ",
            "pinyin": "bùhǎoyìsi",
            "translation": "se sentir gêné / être mal l’aise / trouver embarrassant (de faire qqch) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不见得 ",
            "traditional": "不見得 ",
            "pinyin": "bújiàn",
            "translation": "pas nécessairement / ne devrait pas ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "部门 ",
            "traditional": "部門 ",
            "pinyin": "bùmén",
            "translation": "département / branche / section / division ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不免 ",
            "traditional": "不免 ",
            "pinyin": "bùmiǎn",
            "translation": "inévitable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不耐烦 ",
            "traditional": "不耐煩 ",
            "pinyin": "búnàifán",
            "translation": "impatience / impatient ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不然 ",
            "traditional": "不然 ",
            "pinyin": "bùrán",
            "translation": "(ou bien / sinon / si elle n’est pas) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不如 ",
            "traditional": "不如 ",
            "pinyin": "bùrú",
            "translation": "(pas aussi bon que / inférieur / il serait préférable) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不要紧 ",
            "traditional": "不要緊 ",
            "pinyin": "búyàojǐn",
            "translation": "sans importance / pas grave / ce n’est pas grave / ne pas avoir à l’esprit ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "步骤 ",
            "traditional": "步驟 ",
            "pinyin": "bùzhòu",
            "translation": "étape / déménagement / mesure ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "不足 ",
            "traditional": "不足 ",
            "pinyin": "bùzú",
            "translation": "insuffisant / manque / carence / ne pas suffire / inadéquat / pas la peine ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "财产 ",
            "traditional": "財產 ",
            "pinyin": "cáichǎn",
            "translation": "propriété / immobilier ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "踩 ",
            "traditional": "踩 ",
            "pinyin": "cǎi",
            "translation": "marcher sur / marcher / éradiquer / appuyer sur une pédale / pédaler (à vélo) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "采访 ",
            "traditional": "採訪 ",
            "pinyin": "cǎifǎng",
            "translation": "Interview / interroger / recueillir des nouvelles / couvrir (journalisme) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "彩虹 ",
            "traditional": "彩虹 ",
            "pinyin": "cǎihóng",
            "translation": "arc en ciel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "采取 ",
            "traditional": "採取 ",
            "pinyin": "cǎiqǔ",
            "translation": "adopter ou mettre en oeuvre (mesures / politiques) / prendre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "参考 ",
            "traditional": "參考 ",
            "pinyin": "cānkǎo",
            "translation": "consultation / référence / consulter / se reporter à ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "餐厅 ",
            "traditional": "餐廳 ",
            "pinyin": "cāntīng",
            "translation": "salle à manger / restaurant ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "参与 ",
            "traditional": "參與 ",
            "pinyin": "cānyù",
            "translation": "participer (à qqch) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "残疾 ",
            "traditional": "殘疾 ",
            "pinyin": "cánjí",
            "translation": "handicapé / malformation / désactivé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "惭愧 ",
            "traditional": "慚愧 ",
            "pinyin": "cánkuì",
            "translation": "honteux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "操场 ",
            "traditional": "操場 ",
            "pinyin": "cāochǎng",
            "translation": "terrain de jeux / terrain sport / zone de forage ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "操心 ",
            "traditional": "操心 ",
            "pinyin": "cāoxīn",
            "translation": "se soucier de ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "册 ",
            "traditional": "冊 ",
            "pinyin": "cè",
            "translation": "livre / brochure ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "厕所 ",
            "traditional": "廁所 ",
            "pinyin": "cèsuǒ",
            "translation": "toilettes ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "测验 ",
            "traditional": "測驗 ",
            "pinyin": "cèyàn",
            "translation": "essai ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "曾经 ",
            "traditional": "曾經 ",
            "pinyin": "céngjīng",
            "translation": "ancien / auparavant / jamais / (marqueur du passé utilisé avant un verbe ou une clause) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "插 ",
            "traditional": "插 ",
            "pinyin": "chā",
            "translation": "insérer / coller / percer / prendre part / intervenir / interposer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "差别 ",
            "traditional": "差別 ",
            "pinyin": "chābié",
            "translation": "différence / distinction / diversité / disparité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "叉子 ",
            "traditional": "叉子 ",
            "pinyin": "chāzi",
            "translation": "fourche / fourchette ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "拆 ",
            "traditional": "拆 ",
            "pinyin": "chāi",
            "translation": "déchirer / démolir / ouvrir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "产品 ",
            "traditional": "產品 ",
            "pinyin": "chǎnpǐn",
            "translation": "marchandises / produits ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "产生 ",
            "traditional": "產生 ",
            "pinyin": "chǎnshēng",
            "translation": "se produire / voir le jour / donner naissance  / advenir / apporter / produire / engendrer / générer / paraître / apparence / émergence / génération / production / rendement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "常识 ",
            "traditional": "常識 ",
            "pinyin": "chángshí",
            "translation": "culture générale / bon sens ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "长途 ",
            "traditional": "長途 ",
            "pinyin": "chángtú",
            "translation": "interurbain / longue distance (bus etc.) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "抄 ",
            "traditional": "抄 ",
            "pinyin": "chāo",
            "translation": "copier / plagier / perquisitionner et saisir / aller / transcrire / prendre un raccourci / rechercher et confisquer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "朝 ",
            "traditional": "朝 ",
            "pinyin": "cháo",
            "translation": "cour impériale ou royale / gouvernement / dynastie / règne d’un souverain ou d’un empereur / tribunal ou assemblée / faire un pèlerinage  / face / vers ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "朝代 ",
            "traditional": "朝代 ",
            "pinyin": "cháodài",
            "translation": "dynastie / règne (d’un roi) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "炒 ",
            "traditional": "炒 ",
            "pinyin": "chǎo",
            "translation": "sauter / poêler / frire / frit ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "吵架 ",
            "traditional": "吵架 ",
            "pinyin": "chǎojià",
            "translation": "se quereller ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "车库 ",
            "traditional": "車庫 ",
            "pinyin": "chēkù",
            "translation": "garage / parking ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "车厢 ",
            "traditional": "車廂 ",
            "pinyin": "chēxiāng",
            "translation": "wagon ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "彻底 ",
            "traditional": "徹底 ",
            "pinyin": "chèdǐ",
            "translation": "approfondi / fond / complet ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "沉默 ",
            "traditional": "沉默 ",
            "pinyin": "chénmò",
            "translation": "silence communicatif ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "趁 ",
            "traditional": "趁 ",
            "pinyin": "chèn",
            "translation": "se prévaloir  / profiter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "称 ",
            "traditional": "稱 ",
            "pinyin": "chēng",
            "translation": "appeler (qqun) / appellation / louer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "称呼 ",
            "traditional": "稱呼 ",
            "pinyin": "chēnghu",
            "translation": "appeler  / appellation ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "称赞 ",
            "traditional": "稱讚 ",
            "pinyin": "chēngzàn",
            "translation": "faire l’éloge / acclamer / féliciter / compléter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "乘 ",
            "traditional": "乘 ",
            "pinyin": "chéng",
            "translation": "monter / utiliser / se prévaloir / profiter  / se multiplier (mathématiques) / secte bouddhiste ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "承担 ",
            "traditional": "承擔 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngdān",
            "translation": "entreprendre / assumer (responsabilité / etc) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "程度 ",
            "traditional": "程度 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngdù",
            "translation": "degré (niveau ou l’étendue) / niveau ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "成分 ",
            "traditional": "成分 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngfèn",
            "translation": "composition / ingrédient / élément / composant / statut social de chacun ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "成果 ",
            "traditional": "成果 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngguǒ",
            "translation": "résultat / réalisation / gain / bénéfice ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "成就 ",
            "traditional": "成就 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngjiù",
            "translation": "succès / atteindre un résultat / réalisation ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "诚恳 ",
            "traditional": "誠懇 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngkěn",
            "translation": "sincère / honnête / chaleureux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "成立 ",
            "traditional": "成立 ",
            "pinyin": "chénglì",
            "translation": "établir / mettre en place / être tenable / retenir de l’eau ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "承认 ",
            "traditional": "承認 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngrèn",
            "translation": "admettre / reconnaître / reconnaissance (diplomatique / etc artistique) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "承受 ",
            "traditional": "承受 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngshòu",
            "translation": "supporter / soutenir / héritage ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "程序 ",
            "traditional": "程序 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngxù",
            "translation": "procédures / séquence / ordre / programme informatique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "成语 ",
            "traditional": "成語 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngyǔ",
            "translation": "expression chinoise souvent constituée de 4 caractères ou deux couplets de 4 caractères chacun / allusion à une histoire ou une citation historique / idiome / proverbe / adage / expression d’ensemble ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "成长 ",
            "traditional": "成長 ",
            "pinyin": "chéngzhǎng",
            "translation": "maturité / croître / croissance ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "吃亏 ",
            "traditional": "吃虧 ",
            "pinyin": "chīkuī",
            "translation": "subir des pertes / devenir douleureux / perdre / obtenir le pire de tout / être désavantagé / mais malheureusement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "持续 ",
            "traditional": "持續 ",
            "pinyin": "chíxù",
            "translation": "continuer / persister / durable / préservation ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "池子 ",
            "traditional": "池子 ",
            "pinyin": "chízi",
            "translation": "étang ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "尺子 ",
            "traditional": "尺子 ",
            "pinyin": "chǐzi",
            "translation": "règle (instrument de mesure) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "翅膀 ",
            "traditional": "翅膀 ",
            "pinyin": "chìbǎng",
            "translation": "aile ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "冲 ",
            "traditional": "衝 ",
            "pinyin": "chōng",
            "translation": "mélanger avec de l’eau / infuser / rincer / développer (un film) / s’élever dans les airs / entrer en conflit ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "充电器 ",
            "traditional": "充電器 ",
            "pinyin": "chōngdiànqì",
            "translation": "chargeur de batterie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "充分 ",
            "traditional": "充分 ",
            "pinyin": "chōngfèn",
            "translation": "complète / abondant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "充满 ",
            "traditional": "充滿 ",
            "pinyin": "chōngmǎn",
            "translation": "plein de / débordant de / imprégné ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "重复 ",
            "traditional": "重複 ",
            "pinyin": "chóngfù",
            "translation": "se répéter / se reproduire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "宠物 ",
            "traditional": "寵物 ",
            "pinyin": "chǒngwù",
            "translation": "maison pour animaux de compagnie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "抽屉 ",
            "traditional": "抽屜 ",
            "pinyin": "chōuti",
            "translation": "tiroir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "抽象 ",
            "traditional": "抽象 ",
            "pinyin": "chōuxiàng",
            "translation": "abstrait ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "丑 ",
            "traditional": "醜 ",
            "pinyin": "chǒu",
            "translation": "clown / nom de famille Chou / 2e branche terrestre: de 1h à 3 h / 12 mois solaire (du 6 janvier au 3 février) / année du Buffle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "臭 ",
            "traditional": "臭 ",
            "pinyin": "chòu",
            "translation": "puanteur / puant / malodorant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "出版 ",
            "traditional": "出版 ",
            "pinyin": "chūbǎn",
            "translation": "publier / publié (presse) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "初级 ",
            "traditional": "初級 ",
            "pinyin": "chūjí",
            "translation": "junior / primaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "出口 ",
            "traditional": "出口 ",
            "pinyin": "chūkǒu",
            "translation": "exporter  / sortie / parler / (navire) quitter le port ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "出色 ",
            "traditional": "出色 ",
            "pinyin": "chūsè",
            "translation": "remarquable / exceptionnel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "出席 ",
            "traditional": "出席 ",
            "pinyin": "chūxí",
            "translation": "assister / participer / présenter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "除 ",
            "traditional": "除 ",
            "pinyin": "chú",
            "translation": "éliminer / se débarrasser / exclure / faire disparaître / diviser / à l’exception / non compris ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "除非 ",
            "traditional": "除非 ",
            "pinyin": "chúfēi",
            "translation": "seulement si (… / ou non / …) / mais seulement quand / seulement dans le cas où ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "除夕 ",
            "traditional": "除夕 ",
            "pinyin": "chúxī",
            "translation": "réveillon du nouvel an ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "处理 ",
            "traditional": "處理 ",
            "pinyin": "chǔlǐ",
            "translation": "manipuler / traiter / processus ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "传播 ",
            "traditional": "傳播 ",
            "pinyin": "chuánbō",
            "translation": "diffuser / se propager ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "传递 ",
            "traditional": "傳遞 ",
            "pinyin": "chuándì",
            "translation": "transmettre à qqun ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "传染 ",
            "traditional": "傳染 ",
            "pinyin": "chuánrǎn",
            "translation": "infecter / contagieux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "传说 ",
            "traditional": "傳說 ",
            "pinyin": "chuánshuō",
            "translation": "légende / folklore / tradition / il est dit que ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "传统 ",
            "traditional": "傳統 ",
            "pinyin": "chuántǒng",
            "translation": "tradition / traditionnel / convention / conventionnel ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "窗帘 ",
            "traditional": "窗簾 ",
            "pinyin": "chuānglián",
            "translation": "rideaux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "闯 ",
            "traditional": "闖 ",
            "pinyin": "chuǎng",
            "translation": "précipiter / faire payer / percer / se tempérer (face aux difficultés) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "创造 ",
            "traditional": "創造 ",
            "pinyin": "chuàngzào",
            "translation": "créer / réaliser / produire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "吹 ",
            "traditional": "吹 ",
            "pinyin": "chuī",
            "translation": "souffler / faire sauter / jouer d’un instrument à vent / gonfler / vanter / échec / tomber de travers ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "磁带 ",
            "traditional": "磁帶 ",
            "pinyin": "cídài",
            "translation": "bande magnétique ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "辞职 ",
            "traditional": "辭職 ",
            "pinyin": "cízhí",
            "translation": "démissionner ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "此外 ",
            "traditional": "此外 ",
            "pinyin": "cǐwài",
            "translation": "d’ailleurs / en plus / plus ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "刺激 ",
            "traditional": "刺激 ",
            "pinyin": "cìjī",
            "translation": "provoquer / irriter / bouleverser / stimuler / exciter / irritant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "次要 ",
            "traditional": "次要 ",
            "pinyin": "cìyào",
            "translation": "secondaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "匆忙 ",
            "traditional": "匆忙 ",
            "pinyin": "cōngmáng",
            "translation": "hâtif / précipité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "从 ",
            "traditional": "從 ",
            "pinyin": "cóng",
            "translation": "(de (+vers…) / passant par) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "从此 ",
            "traditional": "從此 ",
            "pinyin": "cóngcǐ",
            "translation": "à partir de là / dès lors / désormais ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "从而 ",
            "traditional": "從而 ",
            "pinyin": "cóngér",
            "translation": "ainsi / ce qui ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "从前 ",
            "traditional": "從前 ",
            "pinyin": "cóngqián",
            "translation": "précédemment / autrefois / il était une fois ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "从事 ",
            "traditional": "從事 ",
            "pinyin": "cóngshì",
            "translation": "pour aller / se livrer à / entreprendre / traiter / manipuler / faire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "醋 ",
            "traditional": "醋 ",
            "pinyin": "cù",
            "translation": "vinaigre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "促进 ",
            "traditional": "促進 ",
            "pinyin": "cùjìn",
            "translation": "promouvoir (une idée ou une cause) / faire avancer / stimuler ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "促使 ",
            "traditional": "促使 ",
            "pinyin": "cùshǐ",
            "translation": "induire / promouvoir / exhorter / impulser / provoquer / conduire (qqun à faire) / catalyser / actionner / contribuer (à un certain développement) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "催 ",
            "traditional": "催 ",
            "pinyin": "cuī",
            "translation": "exhorter / inciter / hâter qqch / accélérer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "存 ",
            "traditional": "存 ",
            "pinyin": "cún",
            "translation": "exister / dépôt / magasin / survivre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "存在 ",
            "traditional": "存在 ",
            "pinyin": "cúnzài",
            "translation": "exister / être / demeurer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "措施 ",
            "traditional": "措施 ",
            "pinyin": "cuòshī",
            "translation": "mesure / étape (à prendre) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "错误 ",
            "traditional": "錯誤 ",
            "pinyin": "cuòwù",
            "translation": "erreur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "答应 ",
            "traditional": "答應 ",
            "pinyin": "dāying",
            "translation": "promettre / réponse / accord / répondre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "达到 ",
            "traditional": "達到 ",
            "pinyin": "dádào",
            "translation": "atteindre / réaliser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "打工 ",
            "traditional": "打工 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎgōng",
            "translation": "travailler (travail manuel pour gagner sa vie) / emploi à temps partiel / au clair de lune ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "打交道 ",
            "traditional": "打交道 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎjiāodào",
            "translation": "entrer en contact avec / avoir des relations ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "打喷嚏 ",
            "traditional": "打噴嚏 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎpēntì",
            "translation": "éternuer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "打听 ",
            "traditional": "打聽 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎting",
            "translation": "poser des questions sur / se renseigner sur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "打招呼 ",
            "traditional": "打招呼 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎzhāohu",
            "translation": "saluer qqun par la parole ou l’action / donner un préavis ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "大方 ",
            "traditional": "大方 ",
            "pinyin": "dàfāng",
            "translation": "expert / érudit / la terre mère / un type de thé vert ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "大象 ",
            "traditional": "大象 ",
            "pinyin": "dàxiàng",
            "translation": "éléphant ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "大型 ",
            "traditional": "大型 ",
            "pinyin": "dàxíng",
            "translation": "grande échelle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "呆 ",
            "traditional": "呆 ",
            "pinyin": "dāi",
            "translation": "insensé / stupide / inexpressif / blanc / rester ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "贷款 ",
            "traditional": "貸款 ",
            "pinyin": "dàikuǎn",
            "translation": "prêt / accorrder un prêt (banque par exemple) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "待遇 ",
            "traditional": "待遇 ",
            "pinyin": "dàiyù",
            "translation": "traite / les salaires / le statut ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "单纯 ",
            "traditional": "單純 ",
            "pinyin": "dānchún",
            "translation": "simple / pur / seul / simplement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "单调 ",
            "traditional": "單調 ",
            "pinyin": "dāndiào",
            "translation": "monotone ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "单独 ",
            "traditional": "單獨 ",
            "pinyin": "dāndú",
            "translation": "seul / par soi-même / de son propre chef ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "担任 ",
            "traditional": "擔任 ",
            "pinyin": "dānrèn",
            "translation": "occuper un poste gouvernemental / assumer les fonctions  / prendre en charge / servir comme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "单位 ",
            "traditional": "單位 ",
            "pinyin": "dānwèi",
            "translation": "unité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "耽误 ",
            "traditional": "耽誤 ",
            "pinyin": "dānwu",
            "translation": "retard / hold-up / pas perdre de temps / interférer avec ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "单元 ",
            "traditional": "單元 ",
            "pinyin": "dānyuán",
            "translation": "unité / nombre d’entrée / escalier (pour les bâtiments résidentiels) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "胆小鬼 ",
            "traditional": "膽小鬼 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎnxiǎoguǐ",
            "translation": "lâche ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "淡 ",
            "traditional": "淡 ",
            "pinyin": "dàn",
            "translation": "insipide / dilué / faible / doux / couleur claire / sans saveur / frais / indifférent / azote ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "当代 ",
            "traditional": "當代 ",
            "pinyin": "dāngdài",
            "translation": "époque actuelle / époque contemporaine ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "挡 ",
            "traditional": "擋 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎng",
            "translation": "résister / faire obstacle / entraver / éloigner / bloquer (un coup) / couverture ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "岛 ",
            "traditional": "島 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎo",
            "translation": "île ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "倒霉 ",
            "traditional": "倒黴 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎoméi",
            "translation": "pas de chance ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "导演 ",
            "traditional": "導演 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎoyǎn",
            "translation": "directeur (film / etc) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "导致 ",
            "traditional": "導致 ",
            "pinyin": "dǎozhì",
            "translation": "conduire / créer / provoquer / apporter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "倒 ",
            "traditional": "倒 ",
            "pinyin": "dào",
            "translation": "revenir en arrière ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "到达 ",
            "traditional": "到達 ",
            "pinyin": "dàodá",
            "translation": "atteindre / arriver ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "道德 ",
            "traditional": "道德 ",
            "pinyin": "dàodé",
            "translation": "vertu / moralité / éthique / morale ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "道理 ",
            "traditional": "道理 ",
            "pinyin": "dàolǐ",
            "translation": "raison / argument / sens / principe / base / justification ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "登机牌 ",
            "traditional": "登機牌 ",
            "pinyin": "dēngjīpái",
            "translation": "carte d’embarquement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "登记 ",
            "traditional": "登記 ",
            "pinyin": "dēngjì",
            "translation": "enregistrer (son nom) / s’inscrire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "等待 ",
            "traditional": "等待 ",
            "pinyin": "děngdài",
            "translation": "attendre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "等候 ",
            "traditional": "等候 ",
            "pinyin": "děnghòu",
            "translation": "attente ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "等于 ",
            "traditional": "等於 ",
            "pinyin": "děngyú",
            "translation": "égalité / être égal à / « = » / s’assimiler à un ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "滴 ",
            "traditional": "滴 ",
            "pinyin": "de/dī",
            "translation": "goutte / au goutte à goutte ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "的确 ",
            "traditional": "的確 ",
            "pinyin": "díquè",
            "translation": "vraiment / en effet ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "敌人 ",
            "traditional": "敵人 ",
            "pinyin": "dírén",
            "translation": "ennemi ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "递 ",
            "traditional": "遞 ",
            "pinyin": "dì",
            "translation": "remettre / faire passer qqch / graduellement / progressivement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "地理 ",
            "traditional": "地理 ",
            "pinyin": "dìlǐ",
            "translation": "géographie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "地区 ",
            "traditional": "地區 ",
            "pinyin": "dìqū",
            "translation": "local / régional / district (pas nécessairement unité administrative) / région / (comme suffixe du nom la ville) préfecture ou comté (zone administrée par un niveau la préfecture la ville ou du comté) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "地毯 ",
            "traditional": "地毯 ",
            "pinyin": "dìtǎn",
            "translation": "tapis ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "地位 ",
            "traditional": "地位 ",
            "pinyin": "dìwèi",
            "translation": "position / état / lieu ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "地震 ",
            "traditional": "地震 ",
            "pinyin": "dìzhèn",
            "translation": "tremblement de terre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "点头 ",
            "traditional": "點頭 ",
            "pinyin": "diǎntóu",
            "translation": "hocher la tête ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "点心 ",
            "traditional": "點心 ",
            "pinyin": "diǎnxin",
            "translation": "pâtisserie / dimsum (cuisine cantonaise) / desserts ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "电池 ",
            "traditional": "電池 ",
            "pinyin": "diànchí",
            "translation": "coutume sociale ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "电台 ",
            "traditional": "電臺 ",
            "pinyin": "diàntái",
            "translation": "émetteur-récepteur / station de radiodiffusion / radio ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "钓 ",
            "traditional": "釣 ",
            "pinyin": "diào",
            "translation": "pêcher avec hameçon et appât ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "丁 ",
            "traditional": "丁 ",
            "pinyin": "dīng",
            "translation": "cubes de viande et légumes / l’homme / les membres d’une même famille / la population / le quatrième 10 tiges célestes 十天干 / ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "顶 ",
            "traditional": "頂 ",
            "pinyin": "dǐng",
            "translation": "sommet de la tête / haut / toit / porter sur la tête / pousser vers le haut / aller à l’encontre / la plupart / remplacer / substituer / (Internet argot / semblable « Up ») ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "冻 ",
            "traditional": "凍 ",
            "pinyin": "dòng",
            "translation": "geler / avoir très froid / la gelée ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "洞 ",
            "traditional": "洞 ",
            "pinyin": "dòng",
            "translation": "grotte / trou / zéro (forme orale sans ambiguïté pour préciser les numéros) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "动画片 ",
            "traditional": "動畫片 ",
            "pinyin": "dònghuàpiān",
            "translation": "dessin animé / animation ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "逗 ",
            "traditional": "逗 ",
            "pinyin": "dòu",
            "translation": "rester / arrêter / faire une pause (pendant la lecture) / taquiner (jouer) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "豆腐 ",
            "traditional": "豆腐 ",
            "pinyin": "dòufu",
            "translation": "tofu ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "独立 ",
            "traditional": "獨立 ",
            "pinyin": "dúlì",
            "translation": "indépendant / indépendance / autonome ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "独特 ",
            "traditional": "獨特 ",
            "pinyin": "dútè",
            "translation": "unique / distinct / avec des caractéristiques spéciales ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "度过 ",
            "traditional": "度過 ",
            "pinyin": "dùguò",
            "translation": "dépenser / passer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "短信 ",
            "traditional": "短信 ",
            "pinyin": "duǎnxìn",
            "translation": "SMS / messages courts ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "堆 ",
            "traditional": "堆 ",
            "pinyin": "duī",
            "translation": "tas / masse / ammas ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "对比 ",
            "traditional": "對比 ",
            "pinyin": "duìbǐ",
            "translation": "contraste / équilibre ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "对待 ",
            "traditional": "對待 ",
            "pinyin": "duìdài",
            "translation": "traiter / traitement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "对方 ",
            "traditional": "對方 ",
            "pinyin": "duìfāng",
            "translation": "contrepartie / autre personne impliquée / côté opposé / autre côté / partie réceptrice ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "对手 ",
            "traditional": "對手 ",
            "pinyin": "duìshǒu",
            "translation": "adversaire / correspondance ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "对象 ",
            "traditional": "對象 ",
            "pinyin": "duìxiàng",
            "translation": "cible / objet / partenaire / copain / copine ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "对于 ",
            "traditional": "對於 ",
            "pinyin": "duìyú",
            "translation": "en ce qui concerne / dans la mesure où / en ce qui concerne ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "吨 ",
            "traditional": "噸 ",
            "pinyin": "dūn",
            "translation": "tonne / Taiwan (dùn) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "蹲 ",
            "traditional": "蹲 ",
            "pinyin": "dūn",
            "translation": "s’accroupir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "多亏 ",
            "traditional": "多虧 ",
            "pinyin": "duōkuī",
            "translation": "heureusement / grâce à ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "多余 ",
            "traditional": "多餘 ",
            "pinyin": "duōyú",
            "translation": "superflu / inutile / excédent ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "躲藏 ",
            "traditional": "躲藏 ",
            "pinyin": "duǒcáng",
            "translation": "se cacher ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "恶劣 ",
            "traditional": "惡劣 ",
            "pinyin": "èliè",
            "translation": "vile / méchant / de très mauvaise qualité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "发表 ",
            "traditional": "發表 ",
            "pinyin": "fābiǎo",
            "translation": "émettre (une déclaration) / publier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "发愁 ",
            "traditional": "發愁 ",
            "pinyin": "fāchóu",
            "translation": "s’inquiéter / être anxieux / devenir triste ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "发达 ",
            "traditional": "發達 ",
            "pinyin": "fādá",
            "translation": "développé (pays / etc) / florissant / développer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "发抖 ",
            "traditional": "發抖 ",
            "pinyin": "fādǒu",
            "translation": "frissonner / frémir / trembler ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "发挥 ",
            "traditional": "發揮 ",
            "pinyin": "fāhuī",
            "translation": "afficher / exposer / faire ressortir les qualités implicites ou innée / exprimer (pensée ou morale) / développer (une idée) / élaborer (sur un thème) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "发明 ",
            "traditional": "發明 ",
            "pinyin": "fāmíng",
            "translation": "inventer / invention ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "发票 ",
            "traditional": "發票 ",
            "pinyin": "fāpiào",
            "translation": "facture / reçu ou une facture d’achat ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "发言 ",
            "traditional": "發言 ",
            "pinyin": "fāyán",
            "translation": "déclaration / énoncé ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "罚款 ",
            "traditional": "罰款 ",
            "pinyin": "fákuǎn",
            "translation": "amende (mettre) / pénalité / amende (monétaire) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "法院 ",
            "traditional": "法院 ",
            "pinyin": "fǎyuàn",
            "translation": "cour de justice / un terrain ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "繁荣 ",
            "traditional": "繁榮 ",
            "pinyin": "fánróng",
            "translation": "prospère / en plein essor (économie) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "凡是 ",
            "traditional": "凡是 ",
            "pinyin": "fánshì",
            "translation": "tous ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "反而 ",
            "traditional": "反而 ",
            "pinyin": "fǎnér",
            "translation": "au lieu / au contraire / (attentes) contrairement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "反复 ",
            "traditional": "反覆 ",
            "pinyin": "fǎnfù",
            "translation": "plusieurs reprises / encore et encore ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "反应 ",
            "traditional": "反應 ",
            "pinyin": "fǎnyìng",
            "translation": "réagir / répondre / réaction / réponse / réaction chimique ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "反正 ",
            "traditional": "反正 ",
            "pinyin": "fǎnzhèng",
            "translation": "remettre les choses en ordre / revenir sur le droit chemin / en tout cas / quoi qu’il arrive / de toute façon ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "方 ",
            "traditional": "方 ",
            "pinyin": "fāng",
            "translation": "carré / pouvoir ou l’involution (mathématiques) / honnête / juste et carré / direction / côté / partie (un différend contractuel / etc,) / lieu / métho / ordonnance (mécine) / bout ou honnête / juste au moment où / seul ou juste  / classificateur pour s choses carrées / abbr. pour mètre carré ou cube ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "方案 ",
            "traditional": "方案 ",
            "pinyin": "fāngàn",
            "translation": "plan / programme (par action / etc) / proposition / projet de loi ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "方式 ",
            "traditional": "方式 ",
            "pinyin": "fāngshì",
            "translation": "moyen ( la vie) / modèle / style / mode / manière ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "妨碍 ",
            "traditional": "妨礙 ",
            "pinyin": "fángài",
            "translation": "entraver / faire obstacle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "房东 ",
            "traditional": "房東 ",
            "pinyin": "fángdōng",
            "translation": "propriétaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "仿佛 ",
            "traditional": "彷彿 ",
            "pinyin": "fǎngfú",
            "translation": "paraître / comme si / même / semblable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "放松 ",
            "traditional": "放鬆 ",
            "pinyin": "fàngsōng",
            "translation": "serrer / se détendre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "非 ",
            "traditional": "非 ",
            "pinyin": "fēi",
            "translation": "abbr. pour l’Afrique / négation / absence ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "肥皂 ",
            "traditional": "肥皂 ",
            "pinyin": "féizào",
            "translation": "savon ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "肺 ",
            "traditional": "肺 ",
            "pinyin": "fèi",
            "translation": "poumon ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "废话 ",
            "traditional": "廢話 ",
            "pinyin": "fèihuà",
            "translation": "non-sens / déchets / mots superflus / Vous ne dites pas! Sans blague! (sarcastique) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "费用 ",
            "traditional": "費用 ",
            "pinyin": "fèiyòng",
            "translation": "coûts / dépenses ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "分别 ",
            "traditional": "分別 ",
            "pinyin": "fēnbié",
            "translation": "partager équitablement / faire la distinction / différence / de différentes manières / différemment / séparément ou individuellement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "分布 ",
            "traditional": "分佈 ",
            "pinyin": "fēnbù",
            "translation": "distribuer / distribué ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "纷纷 ",
            "traditional": "紛紛 ",
            "pinyin": "fēnfēn",
            "translation": "l’un après l’autre / succession / un par un / continu / diverss / profusion / nombreux et confus / pêle-mêle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "分配 ",
            "traditional": "分配 ",
            "pinyin": "fēnpèi",
            "translation": "distribuer / attribuer / allouer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "分析 ",
            "traditional": "分析 ",
            "pinyin": "fēnxī",
            "translation": "analyse ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "奋斗 ",
            "traditional": "奮鬥 ",
            "pinyin": "fèndòu",
            "translation": "lutter / s’efforcer de ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "愤怒 ",
            "traditional": "憤怒 ",
            "pinyin": "fènnù",
            "translation": "en colère / indigné ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "风格 ",
            "traditional": "風格 ",
            "pinyin": "fēnggé",
            "translation": "style ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "疯狂 ",
            "traditional": "瘋狂 ",
            "pinyin": "fēngkuáng",
            "translation": "la folie / extrême popularité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "风俗 ",
            "traditional": "風俗 ",
            "pinyin": "fēngsú",
            "translation": "coutume sociale ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "风险 ",
            "traditional": "風險 ",
            "pinyin": "fēngxiǎn",
            "translation": "risque ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "讽刺 ",
            "traditional": "諷刺 ",
            "pinyin": "fěngcì",
            "translation": "faire la satire / se moquer / ironie / satire / sarcasme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "否定 ",
            "traditional": "否定 ",
            "pinyin": "fǒudìng",
            "translation": "nier / négatif (réponse) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "否认 ",
            "traditional": "否認 ",
            "pinyin": "fǒurèn",
            "translation": "nier / refuser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "幅 ",
            "traditional": "幅 ",
            "pinyin": "fú",
            "translation": "largeur / rouleau ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "扶 ",
            "traditional": "扶 ",
            "pinyin": "fú",
            "translation": "soutenir avec la main ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "服从 ",
            "traditional": "服從 ",
            "pinyin": "fúcóng",
            "translation": "obéir (à un ordre) / se conformer / reporter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "服装 ",
            "traditional": "服裝 ",
            "pinyin": "fúzhuāng",
            "translation": "robe / vêtements / costume ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "辅导 ",
            "traditional": "輔導 ",
            "pinyin": "fǔdǎo",
            "translation": "encadrer / tuteur / donner des conseils ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "付款 ",
            "traditional": "付款 ",
            "pinyin": "fùkuǎn",
            "translation": "salaire / paiement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "妇女 ",
            "traditional": "婦女 ",
            "pinyin": "fùnǚ",
            "translation": "femme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "复制 ",
            "traditional": "複製 ",
            "pinyin": "fùzhì",
            "translation": "reproduire / rendre une copie / copier / reproduire / cloner ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "改革 ",
            "traditional": "改革 ",
            "pinyin": "gǎigé",
            "translation": "réforme ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "改进 ",
            "traditional": "改進 ",
            "pinyin": "gǎijìn",
            "translation": "améliorer / rendre meilleur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "改善 ",
            "traditional": "改善 ",
            "pinyin": "gǎishàn",
            "translation": "faire mieux / améliorer ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "改正 ",
            "traditional": "改正 ",
            "pinyin": "gǎizhèng",
            "translation": "corriger / modifier / mettre droit / correction ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "盖 ",
            "traditional": "蓋 ",
            "pinyin": "gài",
            "translation": "couvercle / dessus / couvrir / couvert / construire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "概括 ",
            "traditional": "概括 ",
            "pinyin": "gàikuò",
            "translation": "généraliser / brièvement / résumer ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "概念 ",
            "traditional": "概念 ",
            "pinyin": "gàiniàn",
            "translation": "concept / idée ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "干脆 ",
            "traditional": "乾脆 ",
            "pinyin": "gāncuì",
            "translation": "simple / clair / franc (déclaration) / tout simplement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "感激 ",
            "traditional": "感激 ",
            "pinyin": "gǎnjī",
            "translation": "exprimer ses remerciements / reconnaissance / exprimer de la gratitude ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "赶紧 ",
            "traditional": "趕緊 ",
            "pinyin": "gǎnjǐn",
            "translation": "précipitamment ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "赶快 ",
            "traditional": "趕快 ",
            "pinyin": "gǎnkuài",
            "translation": "immédiatement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "感受 ",
            "traditional": "感受 ",
            "pinyin": "gǎnshòu",
            "translation": "sentir (par les sens) / sentiment / impression / expérience ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "感想 ",
            "traditional": "感想 ",
            "pinyin": "gǎnxiǎng",
            "translation": "impressions / réflexions / pensées ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "干 ",
            "traditional": "幹 ",
            "pinyin": "gàn",
            "translation": "travail / faire / gérer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "干活儿 ",
            "traditional": "幹活兒 ",
            "pinyin": "gànhuór",
            "translation": "travailler / travail manuel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "钢铁 ",
            "traditional": "鋼鐵 ",
            "pinyin": "gāngtiě",
            "translation": "acier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "高档 ",
            "traditional": "高檔 ",
            "pinyin": "gāodàng",
            "translation": "qualité supérieure / haute qualité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "高速公路 ",
            "traditional": "高速公路 ",
            "pinyin": "gāosùgōnglù",
            "translation": "autoroute / voie rapide ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "搞 ",
            "traditional": "搞 ",
            "pinyin": "gǎo",
            "translation": "faire / d’aller dans / mise en place / mettre la main sur / prendre soin ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "告别 ",
            "traditional": "告別 ",
            "pinyin": "gàobié",
            "translation": "quitter / dire adieu / dire au revoir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "胳膊 ",
            "traditional": "胳膊 ",
            "pinyin": "gēbo",
            "translation": "bras ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "鸽子 ",
            "traditional": "鴿子 ",
            "pinyin": "gēzi",
            "translation": "pigeon / colombe / divers oiseaux / columbidés ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "隔壁 ",
            "traditional": "隔壁 ",
            "pinyin": "gébì",
            "translation": "à côté ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "革命 ",
            "traditional": "革命 ",
            "pinyin": "gémìng",
            "translation": "révolution / révolutionnaire (politique) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "格外 ",
            "traditional": "格外 ",
            "pinyin": "géwài",
            "translation": "en particulier / notamment ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "个别 ",
            "traditional": "個別 ",
            "pinyin": "gèbié",
            "translation": "individu / spécifique / respectif / seulement un ou deux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "个人 ",
            "traditional": "個人 ",
            "pinyin": "gèrén",
            "translation": "individu / personnel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "个性 ",
            "traditional": "個性 ",
            "pinyin": "gèxìng",
            "translation": "individualité / personnalité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "根 ",
            "traditional": "根 ",
            "pinyin": "gēn",
            "translation": "racine / base / radical (chimie) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "根本 ",
            "traditional": "根本 ",
            "pinyin": "gēnběn",
            "translation": "fondamental / base / racine / simplement / absolument (pas) / (pas) du tout ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "更 ",
            "traditional": "更 ",
            "pinyin": "gèng",
            "translation": "encore plus / plus ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "更加 ",
            "traditional": "更加 ",
            "pinyin": "gèngjiā",
            "translation": "plus (qqch d’autre) / et même plus ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "公布 ",
            "traditional": "公佈 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngbù",
            "translation": "annoncer / publier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "工厂 ",
            "traditional": "工廠 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngchǎng",
            "translation": "usine ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "工程师 ",
            "traditional": "工程師 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngchéngshī",
            "translation": "ingénieur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "功夫 ",
            "traditional": "功夫 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngfu",
            "translation": "compétences / l’art / le kung-fu / le travail / l’effort ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "公开 ",
            "traditional": "公開 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngkāi",
            "translation": "public / publier / rendre public ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "功能 ",
            "traditional": "功能 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngnéng",
            "translation": "fonction / capacité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "公平 ",
            "traditional": "公平 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngpíng",
            "translation": "équitable / impartial ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "工人 ",
            "traditional": "工人 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngrén",
            "translation": "travailleur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "工业 ",
            "traditional": "工業 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngyè",
            "translation": "industrie ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "公寓 ",
            "traditional": "公寓 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngyù",
            "translation": "immeuble d’habitation / immeuble ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "公元 ",
            "traditional": "公元 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngyuán",
            "translation": "(Année) / après J.C / ère chrétienne ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "公主 ",
            "traditional": "公主 ",
            "pinyin": "gōngzhǔ",
            "translation": "princesse ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "贡献 ",
            "traditional": "貢獻 ",
            "pinyin": "gòngxiàn",
            "translation": "contribuer / consacrer / contribution ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "沟通 ",
            "traditional": "溝通 ",
            "pinyin": "gōutōng",
            "translation": "communiquer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "构成 ",
            "traditional": "構成 ",
            "pinyin": "gòuchéng",
            "translation": "constituer / se former / composer / rattraper / configurer (informatique) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "姑姑 ",
            "traditional": "姑姑 ",
            "pinyin": "gūgu",
            "translation": "tante paternelle ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "姑娘 ",
            "traditional": "姑娘 ",
            "pinyin": "gūniang",
            "translation": "jeune fille / jeune femme ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "古代 ",
            "traditional": "古代 ",
            "pinyin": "gǔdài",
            "translation": "temps anciens / dans l’antiquité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "古典 ",
            "traditional": "古典 ",
            "pinyin": "gǔdiǎn",
            "translation": "classique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "古老 ",
            "traditional": "古老 ",
            "pinyin": "gǔlǎo",
            "translation": "ancien / vieille (ville) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "股票 ",
            "traditional": "股票 ",
            "pinyin": "gǔpiào",
            "translation": "actions (bourse) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "骨头 ",
            "traditional": "骨頭 ",
            "pinyin": "gǔtou",
            "translation": "osseux / caractère fort ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "鼓舞 ",
            "traditional": "鼓舞 ",
            "pinyin": "gǔwǔ",
            "translation": "encourageant (nouvelles) / suralimentation (moral) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "固定 ",
            "traditional": "固定 ",
            "pinyin": "gùdìng",
            "translation": "fixé / défini / régulier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "故事 ",
            "traditional": "故事 ",
            "pinyin": "gùshi",
            "translation": "histoire / conte / récit ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "固体 ",
            "traditional": "固體 ",
            "pinyin": "gùtǐ",
            "translation": "solide ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "雇佣 ",
            "traditional": "僱傭 ",
            "pinyin": "gùyōng",
            "translation": "employer / embaucher ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "挂号 ",
            "traditional": "掛號 ",
            "pinyin": "guàhào",
            "translation": "sceller (une lettre / etc) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "乖 ",
            "traditional": "乖 ",
            "pinyin": "guāi",
            "translation": "obéissant / sage / intelligent / malin / alerte ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "拐弯 ",
            "traditional": "拐彎 ",
            "pinyin": "guǎiwān",
            "translation": "faire le tour d’une courbe / au détour d’un chemin / vers une nouvelle direction (sens figuré) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "怪不得 ",
            "traditional": "怪不得 ",
            "pinyin": "guàibude",
            "translation": "rien d’étonnant! /c’est pourquoi! ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "官 ",
            "traditional": "官 ",
            "pinyin": "guān",
            "translation": "officiel / gouvernement ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "关闭 ",
            "traditional": "關閉 ",
            "pinyin": "guānbì",
            "translation": "fermer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "观察 ",
            "traditional": "觀察 ",
            "pinyin": "guānchá",
            "translation": "respecter / regarder / enquêter / examiner / observation / vue / perspective ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "观点 ",
            "traditional": "觀點 ",
            "pinyin": "guāndiǎn",
            "translation": "point de vue ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "关怀 ",
            "traditional": "關懷 ",
            "pinyin": "guānhuái",
            "translation": "soins / sollicitude / faire preuve de diligence / préoccupé / attentif ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "观念 ",
            "traditional": "觀念 ",
            "pinyin": "guānniàn",
            "translation": "notion / pensée / concept / sens / vue / idéologie / impressions générales ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "管子 ",
            "traditional": "管子 ",
            "pinyin": "guǎnzǐ",
            "translation": "tube / paille ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "冠军 ",
            "traditional": "冠軍 ",
            "pinyin": "guànjūn",
            "translation": "champion ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "罐头 ",
            "traditional": "罐頭 ",
            "pinyin": "guàntou",
            "translation": "étain / boîte ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "光滑 ",
            "traditional": "光滑 ",
            "pinyin": "guānghua",
            "translation": "brillant / lisse ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "光临 ",
            "traditional": "光臨 ",
            "pinyin": "guānglín",
            "translation": "bienvenue ! / s’honorer de la présence / c’est un honneur de vous voir. ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "光明 ",
            "traditional": "光明 ",
            "pinyin": "guāngmíng",
            "translation": "lumière / illumination / éclat (gloire Bouddha / etc) / perspectives prometteuses (sens figuré) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "光盘 ",
            "traditional": "光盤 ",
            "pinyin": "guāngpán",
            "translation": "CD-ROM / CD ou DVD / CD-ROM ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "光荣 ",
            "traditional": "光榮 ",
            "pinyin": "guāngróng",
            "translation": "honneur et gloire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "广场 ",
            "traditional": "廣場 ",
            "pinyin": "guǎngchǎng",
            "translation": "place publique (par exemple / la place Tiananmen) / plaza ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "广大 ",
            "traditional": "廣大 ",
            "pinyin": "guǎngdà",
            "translation": "immense / grande échelle / répandu ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "广泛 ",
            "traditional": "廣泛 ",
            "pinyin": "guǎngfàn",
            "translation": "vaste / large gamme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "规矩 ",
            "traditional": "規矩 ",
            "pinyin": "guīju",
            "translation": "boussole et équerre : norme établie / règle / douanes / pratiques ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "规律 ",
            "traditional": "規律 ",
            "pinyin": "guīlǜ",
            "translation": "règle (en science) / loi / comportement / modèle régulier / rythme / la discipline ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "规模 ",
            "traditional": "規模 ",
            "pinyin": "guīmó",
            "translation": "échelle / portée / mesure ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "规则 ",
            "traditional": "規則 ",
            "pinyin": "guīzé",
            "translation": "règle / réglementation / règles et règlements ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "柜台 ",
            "traditional": "櫃檯 ",
            "pinyin": "guìtái",
            "translation": "comptoir de vente / réception / bar ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "滚 ",
            "traditional": "滾 ",
            "pinyin": "gǔn",
            "translation": "ébullition / faire rouler / se perdre (impératif) / faire une randonnée ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "锅 ",
            "traditional": "鍋 ",
            "pinyin": "guō",
            "translation": "pot / poêle / chaudière ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "国籍 ",
            "traditional": "國籍 ",
            "pinyin": "guójí",
            "translation": "nationalité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "国庆节 ",
            "traditional": "國慶節 ",
            "pinyin": "Guóqìngjié",
            "translation": "Fête nationale (1er Octobre) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "果实 ",
            "traditional": "果實 ",
            "pinyin": "guǒshí",
            "translation": "fruits / les gains ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "过分 ",
            "traditional": "過分 ",
            "pinyin": "guòfèn",
            "translation": "excessif / indu / trop ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "过敏 ",
            "traditional": "過敏 ",
            "pinyin": "guòmǐn",
            "translation": "être allergique / allergie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "过期 ",
            "traditional": "過期 ",
            "pinyin": "guòqī",
            "translation": "être en retard / dépasser la limite de temps / sur le point d’expirer (comme dans la date d’expiration) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "过 ",
            "traditional": "過 ",
            "pinyin": "guo",
            "translation": "(marqueur d’action expérimentée) / traverser / aller sur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "哈 ",
            "traditional": "哈 ",
            "pinyin": "hā",
            "translation": "rire / bailler / abbr. pour le Kazakhstan ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "海关 ",
            "traditional": "海關 ",
            "pinyin": "hǎiguān",
            "translation": "douanier (poste frontalier d’inspection) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "海鲜 ",
            "traditional": "海鮮 ",
            "pinyin": "hǎixiān",
            "translation": "fruits de mer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "喊 ",
            "traditional": "喊 ",
            "pinyin": "hǎn",
            "translation": "appel / cri / crier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "行业 ",
            "traditional": "行業 ",
            "pinyin": "hángyè",
            "translation": "industrie / les affaires ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "豪华 ",
            "traditional": "豪華 ",
            "pinyin": "háohuá",
            "translation": "luxueux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "好奇 ",
            "traditional": "好奇 ",
            "pinyin": "hàoqí",
            "translation": "curieux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "何必 ",
            "traditional": "何必 ",
            "pinyin": "hébì",
            "translation": "il n’est pas nécessaire de / pourquoi faire cela ? ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "合法 ",
            "traditional": "合法 ",
            "pinyin": "héfǎ",
            "translation": "licite / légitime / légal ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "何况 ",
            "traditional": "何況 ",
            "pinyin": "hékuàng",
            "translation": "beaucoup moins / encore moins ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "合理 ",
            "traditional": "合理 ",
            "pinyin": "hélǐ",
            "translation": "rationnel / raisonnable / juste ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "和平 ",
            "traditional": "和平 ",
            "pinyin": "hépíng",
            "translation": "paix ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "合同 ",
            "traditional": "合同 ",
            "pinyin": "hétong",
            "translation": "contrat (commercial) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "核心 ",
            "traditional": "核心 ",
            "pinyin": "héxīn",
            "translation": "noyau / le cœur (de qqch) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "合影 ",
            "traditional": "合影 ",
            "pinyin": "héyǐng",
            "translation": "photo commune / photo de groupe ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "合作 ",
            "traditional": "合作 ",
            "pinyin": "hézuò",
            "translation": "coopérer / collaborer / travailler ensemble / coopération ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "恨 ",
            "traditional": "恨 ",
            "pinyin": "hèn",
            "translation": "haïr / regretter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "横 ",
            "traditional": "橫 ",
            "pinyin": "héng",
            "translation": "horizontal ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "后果 ",
            "traditional": "後果 ",
            "pinyin": "hòuguǒ",
            "translation": "conséquence / séquelles ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "忽视 ",
            "traditional": "忽視 ",
            "pinyin": "hūshì",
            "translation": "négliger / ignorer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "呼吸 ",
            "traditional": "呼吸 ",
            "pinyin": "hūxī",
            "translation": "respirer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "壶 ",
            "traditional": "壺 ",
            "pinyin": "hú",
            "translation": "pot ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "蝴蝶 ",
            "traditional": "蝴蝶 ",
            "pinyin": "húdié",
            "translation": "papillon ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "胡说 ",
            "traditional": "胡說 ",
            "pinyin": "húshuō",
            "translation": "dire des bêtises / radotage ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "胡同 ",
            "traditional": "衚衕 ",
            "pinyin": "hútòng",
            "translation": "voie / allée ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "糊涂 ",
            "traditional": "糊塗 ",
            "pinyin": "hútu",
            "translation": "confus / idiot ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "胡须 ",
            "traditional": "鬍鬚 ",
            "pinyin": "húxū",
            "translation": "barbe ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "花生 ",
            "traditional": "花生 ",
            "pinyin": "huāshēng",
            "translation": "arachide / cacahuète ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "滑冰 ",
            "traditional": "滑冰 ",
            "pinyin": "huábīng",
            "translation": "patiner / patinage (sur glace) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "划船 ",
            "traditional": "划船 ",
            "pinyin": "huáchuán",
            "translation": "ramer (bateau) / rames / aviron (sport) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "华裔 ",
            "traditional": "華裔 ",
            "pinyin": "huáyì",
            "translation": "d’origine chinoise / non-citoyen chinois d’origine chinoise ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "话题 ",
            "traditional": "話題 ",
            "pinyin": "huàtí",
            "translation": "sujet (discours ou conversation) / sujet ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "化学 ",
            "traditional": "化學 ",
            "pinyin": "huàxué",
            "translation": "chimie / chimique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "怀念 ",
            "traditional": "懷念 ",
            "pinyin": "huáiniàn",
            "translation": "chérir la mémoire  / penser / se remémorer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "缓解 ",
            "traditional": "緩解 ",
            "pinyin": "huǎnjiě",
            "translation": "afin de faciliter / aider à soulager ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "幻想 ",
            "traditional": "幻想 ",
            "pinyin": "huànxiǎng",
            "translation": "illusion / imagination ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "慌张 ",
            "traditional": "慌張 ",
            "pinyin": "huāngzhāng",
            "translation": "confus / troublé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "皇帝 ",
            "traditional": "皇帝 ",
            "pinyin": "huángdì",
            "translation": "empereur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "黄瓜 ",
            "traditional": "黃瓜 ",
            "pinyin": "huángguā",
            "translation": "concombre ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "皇后 ",
            "traditional": "皇后 ",
            "pinyin": "huánghòu",
            "translation": "impératrice ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "黄金 ",
            "traditional": "黃金 ",
            "pinyin": "huángjīn",
            "translation": "or (métal) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "挥 ",
            "traditional": "揮 ",
            "pinyin": "huī",
            "translation": "brandir / pour essuyer / au commandement / mener / se disperser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "灰 ",
            "traditional": "灰 ",
            "pinyin": "huī",
            "translation": "cendre / poussière / chaux / gris / découragé / abattu ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "灰尘 ",
            "traditional": "灰塵 ",
            "pinyin": "huīchén",
            "translation": "poussière ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "恢复 ",
            "traditional": "恢復 ",
            "pinyin": "huīfù",
            "translation": "rétablir / reprendre / restaurer / récupérer / retrouver / réhabiliter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "灰心 ",
            "traditional": "灰心 ",
            "pinyin": "huīxīn",
            "translation": "perdre courage / se décourager ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "汇率 ",
            "traditional": "匯率 ",
            "pinyin": "huìlǜ",
            "translation": "taux de change ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "婚礼 ",
            "traditional": "婚禮 ",
            "pinyin": "hūnlǐ",
            "translation": "mariage / cérémonie de mariage ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "婚姻 ",
            "traditional": "婚姻 ",
            "pinyin": "hūnyīn",
            "translation": "mariage / épousailles ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "活跃 ",
            "traditional": "活躍 ",
            "pinyin": "huóyuè",
            "translation": "actif / vigoureux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "伙伴 ",
            "traditional": "夥伴 ",
            "pinyin": "huǒbàn",
            "translation": "partenaire / compagnon / camarade ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "火柴 ",
            "traditional": "火柴 ",
            "pinyin": "huǒchái",
            "translation": "allumettes ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "基本 ",
            "traditional": "基本 ",
            "pinyin": "jīběn",
            "translation": "base / fondamental / principal / élémentaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "激烈 ",
            "traditional": "激烈 ",
            "pinyin": "jīliè",
            "translation": "intense / aigu / féroce ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "机器 ",
            "traditional": "機器 ",
            "pinyin": "jīqì",
            "translation": "machine ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "肌肉 ",
            "traditional": "肌肉 ",
            "pinyin": "jīròu",
            "translation": "muscles / chair ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "及格 ",
            "traditional": "及格 ",
            "pinyin": "jígé",
            "translation": "passer un test ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "急忙 ",
            "traditional": "急忙 ",
            "pinyin": "jímáng",
            "translation": "hâtivement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "集体 ",
            "traditional": "集體 ",
            "pinyin": "jítǐ",
            "translation": "collectif / équipe / social ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "集中 ",
            "traditional": "集中 ",
            "pinyin": "jízhōng",
            "translation": "centraliser  / se concenter / centralisé / concentré / mettre sur pied ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "系领带 ",
            "traditional": "系領帶 ",
            "pinyin": "jìlǐngdài",
            "translation": "attacher ou nouer une cravate ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "纪录 ",
            "traditional": "紀錄 ",
            "pinyin": "jìlù",
            "translation": "record ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "记录 ",
            "traditional": "記錄 ",
            "pinyin": "jìlù",
            "translation": "dossier ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "纪律 ",
            "traditional": "紀律 ",
            "pinyin": "jìlǜ",
            "translation": "discipline ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "寂寞 ",
            "traditional": "寂寞 ",
            "pinyin": "jìmò",
            "translation": "solitaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "纪念 ",
            "traditional": "紀念 ",
            "pinyin": "jìniàn",
            "translation": "commémorer / retenir ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "计算 ",
            "traditional": "計算 ",
            "pinyin": "jìsuàn",
            "translation": "compter / calculer ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "记忆 ",
            "traditional": "記憶 ",
            "pinyin": "jìyì",
            "translation": "souvenir / mémoire / capacité ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "嘉宾 ",
            "traditional": "嘉賓 ",
            "pinyin": "jiābīn",
            "translation": "cher invité / invité d’honneur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "家庭 ",
            "traditional": "家庭 ",
            "pinyin": "jiātíng",
            "translation": "famille / ménage ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "家务 ",
            "traditional": "家務 ",
            "pinyin": "jiāwù",
            "translation": "tâches ménagères / ménage ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "家乡 ",
            "traditional": "家鄉 ",
            "pinyin": "jiāxiāng",
            "translation": "ville natale ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "夹子 ",
            "traditional": "夾子 ",
            "pinyin": "jiāzi",
            "translation": "pince / pincettes / dossier / porte-monnaie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "甲 ",
            "traditional": "甲 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎ",
            "translation": "ongle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "假如 ",
            "traditional": "假如 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎrú",
            "translation": "si (alors …) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "假装 ",
            "traditional": "假裝 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎzhuāng",
            "translation": "feindre / faire semblant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "嫁 ",
            "traditional": "嫁 ",
            "pinyin": "jià",
            "translation": "se marier (femme) / marier une fille / passer (le blâme etc) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "驾驶 ",
            "traditional": "駕駛 ",
            "pinyin": "jiàshǐ",
            "translation": "pilote (avion / navire,) / conduire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "价值 ",
            "traditional": "價值 ",
            "pinyin": "jiàzhí",
            "translation": "valeur / valeurs (éthiques / culturelles / etc) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "煎 ",
            "traditional": "煎 ",
            "pinyin": "jiān",
            "translation": "poêler / faire sauter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "肩膀 ",
            "traditional": "肩膀 ",
            "pinyin": "jiānbǎng",
            "translation": "épaule ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "艰巨 ",
            "traditional": "艱鉅 ",
            "pinyin": "jiānjù",
            "translation": "ardu / terrible (tâche) / très difficile / formidable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "坚决 ",
            "traditional": "堅決 ",
            "pinyin": "jiānjué",
            "translation": "entreprise / résolu / déterminé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "艰苦 ",
            "traditional": "艱苦 ",
            "pinyin": "jiānkǔ",
            "translation": "difficile / dur / pénible ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "坚强 ",
            "traditional": "堅強 ",
            "pinyin": "jiānqiáng",
            "translation": "renforcer / forte (politique / position etc.) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "尖锐 ",
            "traditional": "尖銳 ",
            "pinyin": "jiānruì",
            "translation": "fort / intense / pénétrant / pointu / aiguë (maladie) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "捡 ",
            "traditional": "撿 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎn",
            "translation": "ramasser / recueillir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "剪刀 ",
            "traditional": "剪刀 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎndāo",
            "translation": "ciseaux ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "简历 ",
            "traditional": "簡歷 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎnlì",
            "translation": "curriculum vitae (CV) / notes biographiques ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "简直 ",
            "traditional": "簡直 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎnzhí",
            "translation": "simplement / pratiquement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "建立 ",
            "traditional": "建立 ",
            "pinyin": "jiànlì",
            "translation": "construire / établir / mettre en place / fonder ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "键盘 ",
            "traditional": "鍵盤 ",
            "pinyin": "jiànpán",
            "translation": "clavier (informatique) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "建设 ",
            "traditional": "建設 ",
            "pinyin": "jiànshè",
            "translation": "construire / construction / construction / constructif ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "健身房 ",
            "traditional": "健身房 ",
            "pinyin": "jiànshēnfáng",
            "translation": "salle de sport / gymnase ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "建议 ",
            "traditional": "建議 ",
            "pinyin": "jiànyì",
            "translation": "proposer / suggérer / recommander / proposition / suggestion / recommandation ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "建筑 ",
            "traditional": "建築 ",
            "pinyin": "jiànzhù",
            "translation": "bâtiment / construction / Taiwan (jiàn zhú) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "讲究 ",
            "traditional": "講究 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎngjiu",
            "translation": "accorder une attention particulière  / exquis / esthétique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "讲座 ",
            "traditional": "講座 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎngzuò",
            "translation": "conférence ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "降落 ",
            "traditional": "降落 ",
            "pinyin": "jiàngluò",
            "translation": "descendre / retomber ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "酱油 ",
            "traditional": "醬油 ",
            "pinyin": "jiàngyóu",
            "translation": "sauce soja ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "浇 ",
            "traditional": "澆 ",
            "pinyin": "jiāo",
            "translation": "verser un liquide / irriguer (en utilisant une roue hydraulique) / jeter (métal en fusion) / moisissure ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "交换 ",
            "traditional": "交換 ",
            "pinyin": "jiāohuàn",
            "translation": "échange / échanger / changer (télécommunications) / commutatif (mathématiques) / faire la navette ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "交际 ",
            "traditional": "交際 ",
            "pinyin": "jiāojì",
            "translation": "communication / relations sociales ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "郊区 ",
            "traditional": "郊區 ",
            "pinyin": "jiāoqū",
            "translation": "banlieue / quartier pavillonnaire / périphérie / faubourg ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "胶水 ",
            "traditional": "膠水 ",
            "pinyin": "jiāoshuǐ",
            "translation": "colle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "角度 ",
            "traditional": "角度 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎodù",
            "translation": "angle / point de vue ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "狡猾 ",
            "traditional": "狡猾 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǎohuá",
            "translation": "rusé / sournois ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "教材 ",
            "traditional": "教材 ",
            "pinyin": "jiàocái",
            "translation": "matériel didactique ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "教练 ",
            "traditional": "教練 ",
            "pinyin": "jiàoliàn",
            "translation": "instructeur / entraîneur sportif / formateur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "教训 ",
            "traditional": "教訓 ",
            "pinyin": "jiàoxun",
            "translation": "leçon / morale / réprimander qqun / faire la leçon à qqun ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "接触 ",
            "traditional": "接觸 ",
            "pinyin": "jiēchù",
            "translation": "toucher / contacter / accéder / en contact avec ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "接待 ",
            "traditional": "接待 ",
            "pinyin": "jiēdài",
            "translation": "recevoir (visiteur) / admettre (qqun à entrer) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "阶段 ",
            "traditional": "階段 ",
            "pinyin": "jiēduàn",
            "translation": "stade / article / phase / période ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "接近 ",
            "traditional": "接近 ",
            "pinyin": "jiējìn",
            "translation": "près ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "结实 ",
            "traditional": "結實 ",
            "pinyin": "jiēshi",
            "translation": "robuste ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "接着 ",
            "traditional": "接着 ",
            "pinyin": "jiēzhe",
            "translation": "attraper et tenir / continuer / aller faire qqch / suivre / exercer / puis / après cela / par la suite / procéder / découler / en un tour ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "节 ",
            "traditional": "節 ",
            "pinyin": "jié",
            "translation": "festival / vacances / noeud / commune / section / segment / partie / faire des économies / sauver / abréger / intégrité morale ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "结构 ",
            "traditional": "結構 ",
            "pinyin": "jiégòu",
            "translation": "structure / composition / maquillage / architecture ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "结合 ",
            "traditional": "結合 ",
            "pinyin": "jiéhé",
            "translation": "combiner / lien / intégrer / contraignant ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "结论 ",
            "traditional": "結論 ",
            "pinyin": "jiélùn",
            "translation": "conclusion / verdict ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "节省 ",
            "traditional": "節省 ",
            "pinyin": "jiéshěng",
            "translation": "économie / économiser / utiliser avec parcimonie / réduire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "结账 ",
            "traditional": "結賬 ",
            "pinyin": "jiézhàng",
            "translation": "payer la facture / régler ses comptes / aussi écrit 结帐 | 结帐 ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "解放 ",
            "traditional": "解放 ",
            "pinyin": "jiěfàng",
            "translation": "libérer / émanciper / libération / référence à la victoire des communistes sur les nationalistes en 1949 ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "解说员 ",
            "traditional": "解說員 ",
            "pinyin": "jiěshuōyuán",
            "translation": "commentateur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "届 ",
            "traditional": "屆 ",
            "pinyin": "jiè",
            "translation": "édition / ‘ème / arriver (lieu ou temps) / période / échoir ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "借口 ",
            "traditional": "藉口 ",
            "pinyin": "jièkǒu",
            "translation": "utiliser comme excuse / sous le prétexte ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "戒烟 ",
            "traditional": "戒菸 ",
            "pinyin": "jièyān",
            "translation": "arrêter de fumer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "戒指 ",
            "traditional": "戒指 ",
            "pinyin": "jièzhi",
            "translation": "anneau / bague ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "金属 ",
            "traditional": "金屬 ",
            "pinyin": "jīnshǔ",
            "translation": "métal ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "紧 ",
            "traditional": "緊 ",
            "pinyin": "jǐn",
            "translation": "serré / strict / portée de main / près / urgence / tendu / à court d’argent / resserrer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "紧急 ",
            "traditional": "緊急 ",
            "pinyin": "jǐnjí",
            "translation": "d’urgence / urgence ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "谨慎 ",
            "traditional": "謹慎 ",
            "pinyin": "jǐnshèn",
            "translation": "prunt ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "进步 ",
            "traditional": "進步 ",
            "pinyin": "jìnbù",
            "translation": "progrès / amélioration / améliorer ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "近代 ",
            "traditional": "近代 ",
            "pinyin": "jìndài",
            "translation": "temps modernes ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "进口 ",
            "traditional": "進口 ",
            "pinyin": "jìnkǒu",
            "translation": "importation / importé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "尽力 ",
            "traditional": "盡力 ",
            "pinyin": "jìnlì",
            "translation": "s’efforcer de / n’épargner aucun effort ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "尽量 ",
            "traditional": "儘量 ",
            "pinyin": "jìnliàng",
            "translation": "plein de ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "经典 ",
            "traditional": "經典 ",
            "pinyin": "jīngdiǎn",
            "translation": "classiques / écritures classiques ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "精力 ",
            "traditional": "精力 ",
            "pinyin": "jīnglì",
            "translation": "énergie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "经营 ",
            "traditional": "經營 ",
            "pinyin": "jīngyíng",
            "translation": "s’engager dans (entreprise / etc) / fonctionner / faire fonctionner ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "景色 ",
            "traditional": "景色 ",
            "pinyin": "jǐngsè",
            "translation": "paysage / scène / paysage / vue ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "敬爱 ",
            "traditional": "敬愛 ",
            "pinyin": "jìngài",
            "translation": "respect et amour ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "酒吧 ",
            "traditional": "酒吧 ",
            "pinyin": "jiǔbā",
            "translation": "bar / pub / salon ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "救 ",
            "traditional": "救 ",
            "pinyin": "jiù",
            "translation": "sauver / secourir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "救护车 ",
            "traditional": "救護車 ",
            "pinyin": "jiùhùchē",
            "translation": "ambulance ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "舅舅 ",
            "traditional": "舅舅 ",
            "pinyin": "jiùjiu",
            "translation": "frère de la mère / oncle maternel (informel) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "居然 ",
            "traditional": "居然 ",
            "pinyin": "jūrán",
            "translation": "inattendu / à sa grande surprise / aller aussi loin que ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "桔子 ",
            "traditional": "桔子 ",
            "pinyin": "júzi",
            "translation": "clémentine / orange ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "举 ",
            "traditional": "舉 ",
            "pinyin": "jǔ",
            "translation": "soulever / tenir en place / citer / énumérer / agir / élever / choisir / élire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "具备 ",
            "traditional": "具備 ",
            "pinyin": "jùbèi",
            "translation": "posséder / avoir / équipé de / remplir (conditions ou exigences) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "巨大 ",
            "traditional": "巨大 ",
            "pinyin": "jùdà",
            "translation": "énorme / immense / très grand / énorme / gigantesque ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "聚会 ",
            "traditional": "聚會 ",
            "pinyin": "jùhuì",
            "translation": "partie / collecte / rencontrer / se réunir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "俱乐部 ",
            "traditional": "俱樂部 ",
            "pinyin": "jùlèbù",
            "translation": "club (groupe ou organisation) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "据说 ",
            "traditional": "據說 ",
            "pinyin": "jùshuō",
            "translation": "il est dit que ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "具体 ",
            "traditional": "具體 ",
            "pinyin": "jùtǐ",
            "translation": "précis / spécifique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "捐 ",
            "traditional": "捐 ",
            "pinyin": "juān",
            "translation": "contribuer / faire un don / contribution / taxe / abandonner ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "卷 ",
            "traditional": "卷 ",
            "pinyin": "juǎn",
            "translation": "retrousser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "绝对 ",
            "traditional": "絕對 ",
            "pinyin": "juéduì",
            "translation": "absolu / inconditionnel  / absolument ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "决赛 ",
            "traditional": "決賽 ",
            "pinyin": "juésài",
            "translation": "finale (d’une compétition) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "角色 ",
            "traditional": "角色 ",
            "pinyin": "juésè",
            "translation": "personage / personnage de roman ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "决心 ",
            "traditional": "決心 ",
            "pinyin": "juéxīn",
            "translation": "détermination / résolution / déterminé / ferme et résolu ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "军事 ",
            "traditional": "軍事 ",
            "pinyin": "jūnshì",
            "translation": "affaires militaires / questions militaires / militaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "均匀 ",
            "traditional": "均勻 ",
            "pinyin": "jūnyún",
            "translation": "équitablement / bien réparti / homogène ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "卡车 ",
            "traditional": "卡車 ",
            "pinyin": "kǎchē",
            "translation": "camion ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "开发 ",
            "traditional": "開發 ",
            "pinyin": "kāifā",
            "translation": "exploiter (une ressource) / ouvrir (au développement) / développer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "开放 ",
            "traditional": "開放 ",
            "pinyin": "kāifàng",
            "translation": "s’ouvrir sur le monde extérieur (politique) / ​​s’ouvrir au public / entrer en floraison (fleurs)  / lever (une interdiction ou une restriction) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "开幕式 ",
            "traditional": "開幕式 ",
            "pinyin": "kāimùshì",
            "translation": "cérémonie d’ouverture ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "开心 ",
            "traditional": "開心 ",
            "pinyin": "kāixīn",
            "translation": "se sentir heureux / se réjouir de / pour se moquer de qqun ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "砍 ",
            "traditional": "砍 ",
            "pinyin": "kǎn",
            "translation": "hacher / couper vers le bas / jeter qqch sur qqun ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "看不起 ",
            "traditional": "看不起 ",
            "pinyin": "kànbuqǐ",
            "translation": "mépriser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "抗议 ",
            "traditional": "抗議 ",
            "pinyin": "kàngyì",
            "translation": "protestation ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "烤鸭 ",
            "traditional": "烤鴨 ",
            "pinyin": "kǎoyā",
            "translation": "canard rôti ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "颗 ",
            "traditional": "顆 ",
            "pinyin": "kē",
            "translation": "classificateur pour petites sphères / perles / grains maïs / satellites (astronomie) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "可见 ",
            "traditional": "可見 ",
            "pinyin": "kějiàn",
            "translation": "il peut être vu (que ce soit le cas) / il est (donc) clair / clair / visible ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "可靠 ",
            "traditional": "可靠 ",
            "pinyin": "kěkào",
            "translation": "fiable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "可怕 ",
            "traditional": "可怕 ",
            "pinyin": "kěpà",
            "translation": "affreux / terrible / redoutable / effrayant / hideux / horrible / terriblement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "克 ",
            "traditional": "克 ",
            "pinyin": "kè",
            "translation": "pouvoir / dompter / retenir / surmonter / gramme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "课程 ",
            "traditional": "課程 ",
            "pinyin": "kèchéng",
            "translation": "classe ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "克服 ",
            "traditional": "克服 ",
            "pinyin": "kèfú",
            "translation": "surmonter (épreuves / etc) / vaincre / mettre en place avec / supporter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "客观 ",
            "traditional": "客觀 ",
            "pinyin": "kèguān",
            "translation": "objectif / impartial ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "刻苦 ",
            "traditional": "刻苦 ",
            "pinyin": "kèkǔ",
            "translation": "travailleur / assidu ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "客厅 ",
            "traditional": "客廳 ",
            "pinyin": "kètīng",
            "translation": "chambre pour les invités / salle de séjour ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "空间 ",
            "traditional": "空間 ",
            "pinyin": "kōngjiān",
            "translation": "espace (général) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "恐怖 ",
            "traditional": "恐怖 ",
            "pinyin": "kǒngbù",
            "translation": "terrible / effroyable / effrayant / terreur / terrorisme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "空闲 ",
            "traditional": "空閒 ",
            "pinyin": "kòngxián",
            "translation": "loisirs / repos / temps libre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "控制 ",
            "traditional": "控制 ",
            "pinyin": "kòngzhì",
            "translation": "contrôle / exercer un contrôle sur / contenir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "口味 ",
            "traditional": "口味 ",
            "pinyin": "kǒuwèi",
            "translation": "préférences / goûts (dans les aliments) / saveur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "夸 ",
            "traditional": "誇 ",
            "pinyin": "kuā",
            "translation": "se vanter / exagérer / faire l’éloge ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "会计 ",
            "traditional": "會計 ",
            "pinyin": "kuàijì",
            "translation": "comptable / la comptabilité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "矿泉水 ",
            "traditional": "礦泉水 ",
            "pinyin": "kuàngquánshuǐ",
            "translation": "eau de source minérale ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "辣椒 ",
            "traditional": "辣椒 ",
            "pinyin": "làjiāo",
            "translation": "piment / chili ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "蜡烛 ",
            "traditional": "蠟燭 ",
            "pinyin": "làzhú",
            "translation": "bougie ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "来自 ",
            "traditional": "來自 ",
            "pinyin": "láizì",
            "translation": "provenance / : (en-tête du message) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "拦 ",
            "traditional": "攔 ",
            "pinyin": "lán",
            "translation": "couper / entraver ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "烂 ",
            "traditional": "爛 ",
            "pinyin": "làn",
            "translation": "doux / baveux / bien cuit et tendre / pourrir / se décomposer / pourri / usé / chaotique / désordre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "狼 ",
            "traditional": "狼 ",
            "pinyin": "láng",
            "translation": "loup ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "劳动 ",
            "traditional": "勞動 ",
            "pinyin": "láodòng",
            "translation": "travail / labeur / travail physique ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "劳驾 ",
            "traditional": "勞駕 ",
            "pinyin": "láojià",
            "translation": "excusez-moi ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "老百姓 ",
            "traditional": "老百姓 ",
            "pinyin": "lǎobǎixìng",
            "translation": "gens ordinaires / individu lambda ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "老板 ",
            "traditional": "老闆 ",
            "pinyin": "lǎobǎn",
            "translation": "patron / gardien ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "姥姥 ",
            "traditional": "姥姥 ",
            "pinyin": "lǎolao",
            "translation": "grand-mère maternelle (informel) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "老实 ",
            "traditional": "老實 ",
            "pinyin": "lǎoshi",
            "translation": "honnête / sincère / ouvert et candide / naïf ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "老鼠 ",
            "traditional": "老鼠 ",
            "pinyin": "lǎoshǔ",
            "translation": "rat / souris ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "乐观 ",
            "traditional": "樂觀 ",
            "pinyin": "lèguān",
            "translation": "optimiste / plein d’espoir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "雷 ",
            "traditional": "雷 ",
            "pinyin": "léi",
            "translation": "tonnerre / (argot) terrifiant / formidable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "累 ",
            "traditional": "累 ",
            "pinyin": "lèi",
            "translation": "fatigué /usure / travailler dur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "类 ",
            "traditional": "類 ",
            "pinyin": "lèi",
            "translation": "genre / type / classe / catégorie / similaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "梨 ",
            "traditional": "梨 ",
            "pinyin": "lí",
            "translation": "poire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "离婚 ",
            "traditional": "離婚 ",
            "pinyin": "líhūn",
            "translation": "divorcer / divorcé (de son conjoint) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "厘米 ",
            "traditional": "釐米 ",
            "pinyin": "límǐ",
            "translation": "centimètre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "礼拜天 ",
            "traditional": "禮拜天 ",
            "pinyin": "lǐbàitiān",
            "translation": "dimanche (chrétien) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "理论 ",
            "traditional": "理論 ",
            "pinyin": "lǐlùn",
            "translation": "théorie ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "理由 ",
            "traditional": "理由 ",
            "pinyin": "lǐyóu",
            "translation": "raison / motif / justification ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "粒 ",
            "traditional": "粒 ",
            "pinyin": "lì",
            "translation": "grain / granule ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "立方 ",
            "traditional": "立方 ",
            "pinyin": "lìfāng",
            "translation": "cube ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "立即 ",
            "traditional": "立即 ",
            "pinyin": "lìjí",
            "translation": "immédiatement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "立刻 ",
            "traditional": "立刻 ",
            "pinyin": "lìkè",
            "translation": "sans délai / immédiat / rapide / rapidement / aussitôt ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "力量 ",
            "traditional": "力量 ",
            "pinyin": "lìliang",
            "translation": "puissance / la force ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "利润 ",
            "traditional": "利潤 ",
            "pinyin": "lìrùn",
            "translation": "bénéfice ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "利息 ",
            "traditional": "利息 ",
            "pinyin": "lìxī",
            "translation": "intérêt (taux pour un prêt) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "利益 ",
            "traditional": "利益 ",
            "pinyin": "lìyì",
            "translation": "bénéfice / intérêts ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "利用 ",
            "traditional": "利用 ",
            "pinyin": "lìyòng",
            "translation": "exploiter / utiliser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "联合 ",
            "traditional": "聯合 ",
            "pinyin": "liánhé",
            "translation": "combiner / joindre / unir / alliance ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "连忙 ",
            "traditional": "連忙 ",
            "pinyin": "liánmáng",
            "translation": "rapidement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "连续剧 ",
            "traditional": "連續劇 ",
            "pinyin": "liánxùjù",
            "translation": "drame en série / série dramatique  / spectacle de certaines provinces ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "恋爱 ",
            "traditional": "戀愛 ",
            "pinyin": "liànài",
            "translation": "amour / tomber amoureux / avoir une aventure / une liaison ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "良好 ",
            "traditional": "良好 ",
            "pinyin": "liánghǎo",
            "translation": "bon / favorable / eh bien / bien ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "粮食 ",
            "traditional": "糧食 ",
            "pinyin": "liángshi",
            "translation": "produit alimentaire / céréales ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "了不起 ",
            "traditional": "了不起 ",
            "pinyin": "liǎobuqǐ",
            "translation": "incroyable / formidable / extraordinaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "临时 ",
            "traditional": "臨時 ",
            "pinyin": "línshí",
            "translation": "instant où se produit qqch / temporaire / provisoire / ad hoc ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "铃 ",
            "traditional": "鈴 ",
            "pinyin": "líng",
            "translation": "cloche ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "灵活 ",
            "traditional": "靈活 ",
            "pinyin": "línghuó",
            "translation": "souple / agile ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "零件 ",
            "traditional": "零件 ",
            "pinyin": "língjiàn",
            "translation": "partie / composant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "零钱 ",
            "traditional": "零錢 ",
            "pinyin": "língqián",
            "translation": "petite monnaie / argent de poche ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "零食 ",
            "traditional": "零食 ",
            "pinyin": "língshí",
            "translation": "snack / grignoter entre les repas / collations ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "领导 ",
            "traditional": "領導 ",
            "pinyin": "lǐngdǎo",
            "translation": "leader / meneur / leadership / chef de file ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "领域 ",
            "traditional": "領域 ",
            "pinyin": "lǐngyù",
            "translation": "domaine / sphère / terrain / territoire / zone ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "流传 ",
            "traditional": "流傳 ",
            "pinyin": "liúchuán",
            "translation": "se répandre / faire circuler / léguer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "浏览 ",
            "traditional": "瀏覽 ",
            "pinyin": "liúlǎn",
            "translation": "survoler / parcourir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "龙 ",
            "traditional": "龍 ",
            "pinyin": "lóng",
            "translation": "dragon / impérial ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "漏 ",
            "traditional": "漏 ",
            "pinyin": "lòu",
            "translation": "fuir / divulguer / laisser par erreur /sablier (ancien) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "露 ",
            "traditional": "露 ",
            "pinyin": "lù",
            "translation": "rosée / sirop / nectar / montrer / révéler / trahir / exposer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "陆地 ",
            "traditional": "陸地 ",
            "pinyin": "lùdì",
            "translation": "terre ferme (par opposition à la mer) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "录取 ",
            "traditional": "錄取 ",
            "pinyin": "lùqǔ",
            "translation": "recruter / s’inscrire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "陆续 ",
            "traditional": "陸續 ",
            "pinyin": "lùxù",
            "translation": "chacun son tour / successivement / l’un après l’autre / peu à peu ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "录音 ",
            "traditional": "錄音 ",
            "pinyin": "lùyīn",
            "translation": "enregistrer (son) / enregistrement sonore ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "轮流 ",
            "traditional": "輪流 ",
            "pinyin": "lúnliú",
            "translation": "alterner / à tour de rôle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "论文 ",
            "traditional": "論文 ",
            "pinyin": "lùnwén",
            "translation": "papier / traité / thèse / mémoire / discuter d’un document ou d’une thèse (ancien) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "逻辑 ",
            "traditional": "邏輯 ",
            "pinyin": "luóji",
            "translation": "logique (terme emprunté) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "落后 ",
            "traditional": "落後 ",
            "pinyin": "luòhòu",
            "translation": "traîne (en technologies / etc) / arrière / revenir en arrière ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "骂 ",
            "traditional": "罵 ",
            "pinyin": "mà",
            "translation": "insulter / gronder / abus ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "麦克风 ",
            "traditional": "麥克風 ",
            "pinyin": "màikèfēng",
            "translation": "microphone (terme emprunté) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "馒头 ",
            "traditional": "饅頭 ",
            "pinyin": "mántou",
            "translation": "rouleau cuit à la vapeur / pain cuit à la vapeur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "满足 ",
            "traditional": "滿足 ",
            "pinyin": "mǎnzú",
            "translation": "satisfaire / rencontrer (des besoins ) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "毛 ",
            "traditional": "毛 ",
            "pinyin": "máo",
            "translation": "cheveux / poil / plume ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "毛病 ",
            "traditional": "毛病 ",
            "pinyin": "máobìng",
            "translation": "défaut / faute / lacune ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "矛盾 ",
            "traditional": "矛盾 ",
            "pinyin": "máodùn",
            "translation": "contradictoire / contradiction ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "冒险 ",
            "traditional": "冒險 ",
            "pinyin": "màoxiǎn",
            "translation": "prendre des risques / prendre sa chance / incursion / aventure ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "贸易 ",
            "traditional": "貿易 ",
            "pinyin": "màoyì",
            "translation": "commerce ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "眉毛 ",
            "traditional": "眉毛 ",
            "pinyin": "méimao",
            "translation": "sourcil ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "煤炭 ",
            "traditional": "煤炭 ",
            "pinyin": "méitàn",
            "translation": "charbon ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "美术 ",
            "traditional": "美術 ",
            "pinyin": "měishù",
            "translation": "art / beaux-arts / la peinture ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "魅力 ",
            "traditional": "魅力 ",
            "pinyin": "mèilì",
            "translation": "charme / fascination / glamour / charisme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "迷路 ",
            "traditional": "迷路 ",
            "pinyin": "mílù",
            "translation": "perdu / se perdre / labyrinthe / vestibularis labyrinthus (l’oreille interne) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "谜语 ",
            "traditional": "謎語 ",
            "pinyin": "míyǔ",
            "translation": "énigme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "蜜蜂 ",
            "traditional": "蜜蜂 ",
            "pinyin": "mìfēng",
            "translation": "abeille ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "秘密 ",
            "traditional": "祕密 ",
            "pinyin": "mìmì",
            "translation": "secret ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "密切 ",
            "traditional": "密切 ",
            "pinyin": "mìqiè",
            "translation": "proche / familier / intime / promouvoir des liens étroits / prêter une attention particulière ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "秘书 ",
            "traditional": "祕書 ",
            "pinyin": "mìshū",
            "translation": "secrétaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "棉花 ",
            "traditional": "棉花 ",
            "pinyin": "miánhua",
            "translation": "coton ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "面对 ",
            "traditional": "面對 ",
            "pinyin": "miànduì",
            "translation": "faire face / rencontrer (en face à face) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "面积 ",
            "traditional": "面積 ",
            "pinyin": "miànjī",
            "translation": "surface / superficie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "面临 ",
            "traditional": "面臨 ",
            "pinyin": "miànlín",
            "translation": "faire face à qqch / être confronté à ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "苗条 ",
            "traditional": "苗條 ",
            "pinyin": "miáotiáo",
            "translation": "mince / élancé / gracieux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "描写 ",
            "traditional": "描寫 ",
            "pinyin": "miáoxiě",
            "translation": "décrire / description ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "秒 ",
            "traditional": "秒 ",
            "pinyin": "miǎo",
            "translation": "seconde (temps) / unité d’angle équivalent à l’arc ou à un soixantième de degré ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "民主 ",
            "traditional": "民主 ",
            "pinyin": "mínzhǔ",
            "translation": "démocratie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "名牌 ",
            "traditional": "名牌 ",
            "pinyin": "míngpái",
            "translation": "marque célèbre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "名片 ",
            "traditional": "名片 ",
            "pinyin": "míngpiàn",
            "translation": "carte de visite ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "明确 ",
            "traditional": "明確 ",
            "pinyin": "míngquè",
            "translation": "clair / précis / explicite / clarifier / préciser / rendre définitif ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "名胜古迹 ",
            "traditional": "名勝古蹟 ",
            "pinyin": "míngshènggǔjì",
            "translation": "sites historiques / sites pittoresques ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "明显 ",
            "traditional": "明顯 ",
            "pinyin": "míngxiǎn",
            "translation": "clair / distinct / évident ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "明信片 ",
            "traditional": "明信片 ",
            "pinyin": "míngxìnpiàn",
            "translation": "carte postale ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "明星 ",
            "traditional": "明星 ",
            "pinyin": "míngxīng",
            "translation": "étoile / célébrité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "命令 ",
            "traditional": "命令 ",
            "pinyin": "mìnglìng",
            "translation": "ordre / commande ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "命运 ",
            "traditional": "命運 ",
            "pinyin": "mìngyùn",
            "translation": "destin / destinée ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "摸 ",
            "traditional": "摸 ",
            "pinyin": "mō",
            "translation": "toucher / tâtonner / sentir (son pouls) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "模仿 ",
            "traditional": "模仿 ",
            "pinyin": "mófǎng",
            "translation": "imiter / copier / reproduire / modèle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "模糊 ",
            "traditional": "模糊 ",
            "pinyin": "móhu",
            "translation": "vague / indistinct / flou ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "摩托车 ",
            "traditional": "摩托車 ",
            "pinyin": "mótuōchē",
            "translation": "moto ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "陌生 ",
            "traditional": "陌生 ",
            "pinyin": "mòshēng",
            "translation": "étrange / inconnu ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "某 ",
            "traditional": "某 ",
            "pinyin": "mǒu",
            "translation": "certains / un certain / tel ou tel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "目标 ",
            "traditional": "目標 ",
            "pinyin": "mùbiāo",
            "translation": "cible / but / objectif ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "目录 ",
            "traditional": "目錄 ",
            "pinyin": "mùlù",
            "translation": "catalogue / table des matières / dossier (sur disque dur ou ordinateur) / liste / contenu ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "目前 ",
            "traditional": "目前 ",
            "pinyin": "mùqián",
            "translation": "à l’heure actuelle / actuellement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "木头 ",
            "traditional": "木頭 ",
            "pinyin": "mùtou",
            "translation": "bois ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "哪怕 ",
            "traditional": "哪怕 ",
            "pinyin": "nǎpà",
            "translation": "même / même si / quel que soit ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "难怪 ",
            "traditional": "難怪 ",
            "pinyin": "nánguài",
            "translation": "(ce n’est) pas étonnant (que…) / (ce n’est) pas surprenant (que) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "难看 ",
            "traditional": "難看 ",
            "pinyin": "nánkàn",
            "translation": "laid / disgracieux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "脑袋 ",
            "traditional": "腦袋 ",
            "pinyin": "nǎodài",
            "translation": "tête / crâne / cerveau / la capacité mentale ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "内科 ",
            "traditional": "內科 ",
            "pinyin": "nèikē",
            "translation": "médecine «interne»  / traitement par l’administration médicamenteuse / par opposition à une intervention chirurgicale 外科 [wài kē] / service médical ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "嫩 ",
            "traditional": "嫩 ",
            "pinyin": "nèn",
            "translation": "tendre / doux / délicat / lumière (couleur) / inexpérimenté / non qualifié ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "能干 ",
            "traditional": "能幹 ",
            "pinyin": "nénggàn",
            "translation": "capable / compétent ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "能源 ",
            "traditional": "能源 ",
            "pinyin": "néngyuán",
            "translation": "énergie / source d’alimentation ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "年代 ",
            "traditional": "年代 ",
            "pinyin": "niándài",
            "translation": "décennies / les années (xx) (par exemple / les années 1960) / l’âge / l’époque / période ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "年纪 ",
            "traditional": "年紀 ",
            "pinyin": "niánjì",
            "translation": "âge ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "念 ",
            "traditional": "念 ",
            "pinyin": "niàn",
            "translation": "lire / étudier / lire à haute voix / idée / souvenir / vingt (anti-fraude bancaire numérique correspondant 廿 / 20) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "宁可 ",
            "traditional": "寧可 ",
            "pinyin": "nìngkě",
            "translation": "préférence / on préfère … (ou pas …) / (ce serait) mieux / (de choisir) / le moindre mal ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "牛仔裤 ",
            "traditional": "牛仔褲 ",
            "pinyin": "niúzǎikù",
            "translation": "jean / pantalon – aussi écrit 牛崽裤 | 牛崽裤 ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "浓 ",
            "traditional": "濃 ",
            "pinyin": "nóng",
            "translation": "concentré / dense ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "农民 ",
            "traditional": "農民 ",
            "pinyin": "nóngmín",
            "translation": "paysan ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "农业 ",
            "traditional": "農業 ",
            "pinyin": "nóngyè",
            "translation": "agriculture / élevage ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "女士 ",
            "traditional": "女士 ",
            "pinyin": "nǚshì",
            "translation": "dame / madame ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "偶然 ",
            "traditional": "偶然 ",
            "pinyin": "ǒurán",
            "translation": "d’ailleurs / occasionnel / de temps en temps / par hasard / au hasard ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "拍 ",
            "traditional": "拍 ",
            "pinyin": "pāi",
            "translation": "applaudir / caresser / gifler / tapette à mouches / raquette / prendre (une photographie) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "排队 ",
            "traditional": "排隊 ",
            "pinyin": "páiduì",
            "translation": "aligner / ranger (dans l’ordre) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "排球 ",
            "traditional": "排球 ",
            "pinyin": "páiqiú",
            "translation": "volley-ball ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "派 ",
            "traditional": "派 ",
            "pinyin": "pài",
            "translation": "envoyer (quelqu’un) / clique / école / groupe / faction / expédition / assigner / nommer / pi (lettre grecque Ππ) / le rapport circulaire pi = 3.141926 ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "盼望 ",
            "traditional": "盼望 ",
            "pinyin": "pànwàng",
            "translation": "espérer / se réjouir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "赔偿 ",
            "traditional": "賠償 ",
            "pinyin": "péicháng",
            "translation": "compenser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "培养 ",
            "traditional": "培養 ",
            "pinyin": "péiyǎng",
            "translation": "accommoder / la culture / pour faire apparaître / marié (pour un poste) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "佩服 ",
            "traditional": "佩服 ",
            "pinyin": "pèifú",
            "translation": "admirer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "配合 ",
            "traditional": "配合 ",
            "pinyin": "pèihé",
            "translation": "compatible avec / correspondre / s’adapter à / se conformer à / rapport / coordonner avec / pour agir de concert avec / coopérer / devenir mari et femme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "盆 ",
            "traditional": "盆 ",
            "pinyin": "pén",
            "translation": "bassin / pot de fleurs / unité de volume égale à 12 斗 et 8 升 soit environ 128 litres ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "碰见 ",
            "traditional": "碰見 ",
            "pinyin": "pèngjiàn",
            "translation": "croiser quelqu’un / répondre (de façon inattendue) / se cogner dans ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "批 ",
            "traditional": "批 ",
            "pinyin": "pī",
            "translation": "vérifier / agir sur / critiquer / transmettre / classification des lots / vols militaires / rang (pour le classement des universités et lycées) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "披 ",
            "traditional": "披 ",
            "pinyin": "pī",
            "translation": "mettre sur les épaules / ouvrir / dérouler / se fendre / étaler ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "批准 ",
            "traditional": "批准 ",
            "pinyin": "pīzhǔn",
            "translation": "approuver / ratifier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "疲劳 ",
            "traditional": "疲勞 ",
            "pinyin": "píláo",
            "translation": "fatigue / lassitude ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "皮鞋 ",
            "traditional": "皮鞋 ",
            "pinyin": "píxié",
            "translation": "chaussures en cuir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "匹 ",
            "traditional": "匹 ",
            "pinyin": "pǐ",
            "translation": "personne ordinaire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "片 ",
            "traditional": "片 ",
            "pinyin": "piàn",
            "translation": "morceau / mince / paillettes / tranche / film / jeu TV / tailler mince / partiel / incomplet / unilatéral ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "片面 ",
            "traditional": "片面 ",
            "pinyin": "piànmiàn",
            "translation": "unilatéral ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "飘 ",
            "traditional": "飄 ",
            "pinyin": "piāo",
            "translation": "flotter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "频道 ",
            "traditional": "頻道 ",
            "pinyin": "píndào",
            "translation": "chaîne (TV) / fréquence ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "品种 ",
            "traditional": "品種 ",
            "pinyin": "pǐnzhǒng",
            "translation": "race / variété ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "凭 ",
            "traditional": "憑 ",
            "pinyin": "píng",
            "translation": "s’appuyer contre / compter sur / peu importe (comment / quoi / etc) / la preuve ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "平 ",
            "traditional": "平 ",
            "pinyin": "píng",
            "translation": "plat / niveau / égalité / lier (faire le même score) / inscrire (score) / calme / pacifique / voir aussi 平声 | 平声 [píng shēng] ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "平常 ",
            "traditional": "平常 ",
            "pinyin": "píngcháng",
            "translation": "ordinaire / commun / normalement / ordinairement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "平等 ",
            "traditional": "平等 ",
            "pinyin": "píngděng",
            "translation": "égalité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "平方 ",
            "traditional": "平方 ",
            "pinyin": "píngfāng",
            "translation": "carré (comme dans le mètre carré / km carré / racine carrée) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "平衡 ",
            "traditional": "平衡 ",
            "pinyin": "pínghéng",
            "translation": "équilibre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "评价 ",
            "traditional": "評價 ",
            "pinyin": "píngjià",
            "translation": "évaluer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "平静 ",
            "traditional": "平靜 ",
            "pinyin": "píngjìng",
            "translation": "tranquille / paisible / serein ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "平均 ",
            "traditional": "平均 ",
            "pinyin": "píngjūn",
            "translation": "moyenne ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "破产 ",
            "traditional": "破產 ",
            "pinyin": "pòchǎn",
            "translation": "faire faillite / devenir pauvre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "破坏 ",
            "traditional": "破壞 ",
            "pinyin": "pòhuài",
            "translation": "destruction / dommages / faire échouer / briser / détruire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "迫切 ",
            "traditional": "迫切 ",
            "pinyin": "pòqiè",
            "translation": "urgence (en) / pressant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "朴素 ",
            "traditional": "樸素 ",
            "pinyin": "pǔsù",
            "translation": "pur et simple / sans fioritures / vie simple / pas frivole ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "期待 ",
            "traditional": "期待 ",
            "pinyin": "qīdài",
            "translation": "espérer / attendre / attente ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "期间 ",
            "traditional": "期間 ",
            "pinyin": "qījiān",
            "translation": "période de temps / temps / période ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "奇迹 ",
            "traditional": "奇蹟 ",
            "pinyin": "qíjì",
            "translation": "miracle / miraculeux / étonnant / merveilleux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "其余 ",
            "traditional": "其餘 ",
            "pinyin": "qíyú",
            "translation": "reste / autres / restant / reste / en dehors d’eux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "启发 ",
            "traditional": "啓發 ",
            "pinyin": "qǐfā",
            "translation": "éclairer / expliquer et susciter l’intérêt / inspirer / inspiration / heuristique (attribut) / enseigner ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "起来 ",
            "traditional": "起來 ",
            "pinyin": "qǐlái",
            "translation": "debout / commencer ou continuer une action / un mouvement vers le haut ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "企图 ",
            "traditional": "企圖 ",
            "pinyin": "qǐtú",
            "translation": "tentative ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "企业 ",
            "traditional": "企業 ",
            "pinyin": "qǐyè",
            "translation": "société / entreprise ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "气氛 ",
            "traditional": "氣氛 ",
            "pinyin": "qìfēn",
            "translation": "atmosphère / humeur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "汽油 ",
            "traditional": "汽油 ",
            "pinyin": "qìyóu",
            "translation": "gaz / essence ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "牵 ",
            "traditional": "牽 ",
            "pinyin": "qiān",
            "translation": "tirer (un animal en laisse) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "谦虚 ",
            "traditional": "謙虛 ",
            "pinyin": "qiānxū",
            "translation": "modeste / effacé / faire des remarques modestes ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "签字 ",
            "traditional": "簽字 ",
            "pinyin": "qiānzì",
            "translation": "signer (signature) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "前途 ",
            "traditional": "前途 ",
            "pinyin": "qiántú",
            "translation": "perspective / perspective d’avenir / voyage ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "浅 ",
            "traditional": "淺 ",
            "pinyin": "qiǎn",
            "translation": "peu profond / superficiel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "欠 ",
            "traditional": "欠 ",
            "pinyin": "qiàn",
            "translation": "bâillement / déficient / manque ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "枪 ",
            "traditional": "槍 ",
            "pinyin": "qiāng",
            "translation": "fusil / arme à feu / fusil / lance ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "强调 ",
            "traditional": "強調 ",
            "pinyin": "qiángdiào",
            "translation": "mettre l’accent sur (déclaration) / souligner ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "强烈 ",
            "traditional": "強烈 ",
            "pinyin": "qiángliè",
            "translation": "intense (violent) / fort ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "抢 ",
            "traditional": "搶 ",
            "pinyin": "qiǎng",
            "translation": "se disputer / se précipiter / se démener / saisir / voler / arracher ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "悄悄 ",
            "traditional": "悄悄 ",
            "pinyin": "qiāoqiāo",
            "translation": "tranquillement / secrètement / furtivement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "瞧 ",
            "traditional": "瞧 ",
            "pinyin": "qiáo",
            "translation": "regarder ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "巧妙 ",
            "traditional": "巧妙 ",
            "pinyin": "qiǎomiào",
            "translation": "ingénieux / intelligent ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "切 ",
            "traditional": "切 ",
            "pinyin": "qiē",
            "translation": "couper / trancher / tangente (mathématiques) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "亲爱 ",
            "traditional": "親愛 ",
            "pinyin": "qīnài",
            "translation": "cher ou chère (lettre) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "侵略 ",
            "traditional": "侵略 ",
            "pinyin": "qīnlvè",
            "translation": "invasion / empiètement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "亲切 ",
            "traditional": "親切 ",
            "pinyin": "qīnqiè",
            "translation": "aimable / convivialité / gracieux / hospitalité / intime / chaleureux / aimable / proche et cher / familier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "亲自 ",
            "traditional": "親自 ",
            "pinyin": "qīnzì",
            "translation": "personnellement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "勤奋 ",
            "traditional": "勤奮 ",
            "pinyin": "qínfèn",
            "translation": "travailleur / diligent ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "勤劳 ",
            "traditional": "勤勞 ",
            "pinyin": "qínláo",
            "translation": "travailleur / industrieux / diligent ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "青 ",
            "traditional": "青 ",
            "pinyin": "qīng",
            "translation": "vert ou le bleu / le noir verdâtre / jeunesse / jeune ( personne) / abbr. pour la province du Qinghai 青海 ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "青春 ",
            "traditional": "青春 ",
            "pinyin": "qīngchūn",
            "translation": "jeunesse ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "清淡 ",
            "traditional": "清淡 ",
            "pinyin": "qīngdàn",
            "translation": "lumière ( nourriture / pas gras ou fortement aromatisé) / insipide / creux (ventes) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "青少年 ",
            "traditional": "青少年 ",
            "pinyin": "qīngshàonián",
            "translation": "adolescent / jeune ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "轻视 ",
            "traditional": "輕視 ",
            "pinyin": "qīngshì",
            "translation": "mépris / dédain ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "情景 ",
            "traditional": "情景 ",
            "pinyin": "qíngjǐng",
            "translation": "scène / vue / circonstance ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "情绪 ",
            "traditional": "情緒 ",
            "pinyin": "qíngxù",
            "translation": "sentiment ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "请求 ",
            "traditional": "請求 ",
            "pinyin": "qǐngqiú",
            "translation": "demande ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "庆祝 ",
            "traditional": "慶祝 ",
            "pinyin": "qìngzhù",
            "translation": "célébrer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "球迷 ",
            "traditional": "球迷 ",
            "pinyin": "qiúmí",
            "translation": "fan de foot / fou de sports de balle ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "趋势 ",
            "traditional": "趨勢 ",
            "pinyin": "qūshì",
            "translation": "tendance (statistique) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "娶 ",
            "traditional": "娶 ",
            "pinyin": "qǔ",
            "translation": "se marier (femme) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "取消 ",
            "traditional": "取消 ",
            "pinyin": "qǔxiāo",
            "translation": "annuler / annulation ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "去世 ",
            "traditional": "去世 ",
            "pinyin": "qùshì",
            "translation": "mourir / décéder ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "圈 ",
            "traditional": "圈 ",
            "pinyin": "quān",
            "translation": "cercle / anneau / boucle ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "权利 ",
            "traditional": "權利 ",
            "pinyin": "quánlì",
            "translation": "pouvoir / droite / privilège ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "权力 ",
            "traditional": "權力 ",
            "pinyin": "quánlì",
            "translation": "puissance / droits (de l’homme…) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "全面 ",
            "traditional": "全面 ",
            "pinyin": "quánmiàn",
            "translation": "tout autour / complet / total / l’ensemble ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "劝 ",
            "traditional": "勸 ",
            "pinyin": "quàn",
            "translation": "conseiller / exhorter / essayer de persuader ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "缺乏 ",
            "traditional": "缺乏 ",
            "pinyin": "quēfá",
            "translation": "pénurie / faire défaut / être court de / manque / rareté ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "确定 ",
            "traditional": "確定 ",
            "pinyin": "quèdìng",
            "translation": "définitif / certain / fixe / fixer (sur qch) / déterminer / être sûr / assurer / s’assurer de / établir / décrocher / reconnaître / confirmer / OK (boîte dialogue l’ordinateur) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "确认 ",
            "traditional": "確認 ",
            "pinyin": "quèrèn",
            "translation": "confirmer / vérifier / confirmation ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "燃烧 ",
            "traditional": "燃燒 ",
            "pinyin": "ránshāo",
            "translation": "combustion / flamboyant / kindle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "嚷 ",
            "traditional": "嚷 ",
            "pinyin": "rǎng",
            "translation": "laisser s’échapper / crier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "绕 ",
            "traditional": "繞 ",
            "pinyin": "rào",
            "translation": "au vent / la bobine (fil) / tourner autour / spirale / se déplacer / aller-retour (un obstacle) / au by-pass / faire un détour / confondre / embarrasser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "热爱 ",
            "traditional": "熱愛 ",
            "pinyin": "rèài",
            "translation": "aimer ardemment / adorer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "热烈 ",
            "traditional": "熱烈 ",
            "pinyin": "rèliè",
            "translation": "chaud (accueil / etc) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "热心 ",
            "traditional": "熱心 ",
            "pinyin": "rèxīn",
            "translation": "enthousiasme / zèle / zélé / enthousiaste ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "人才 ",
            "traditional": "人才 ",
            "pinyin": "réncái",
            "translation": "talent d’une personne / personne de talent / homme distingué / un talent (pour un chasseur de têtes) / jolie femme / utilisé de façon interchangeable avec 人材 ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "人口 ",
            "traditional": "人口 ",
            "pinyin": "rénkǒu",
            "translation": "population ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "人类 ",
            "traditional": "人類 ",
            "pinyin": "rénlèi",
            "translation": "humanité / la race humaine ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "人生 ",
            "traditional": "人生 ",
            "pinyin": "rénshēng",
            "translation": "vie humaine ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "人事 ",
            "traditional": "人事 ",
            "pinyin": "rénshì",
            "translation": "affaires humaines / ce qui est humainement possible / les questions personnel / la sensibilisation sexuelle / la passion sexuelle / les faits de la vie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "人物 ",
            "traditional": "人物 ",
            "pinyin": "rénwù",
            "translation": "personne / personnage (dans une pièce théâtre / roman) / protagoniste ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "人员 ",
            "traditional": "人員 ",
            "pinyin": "rényuán",
            "translation": "personnel / équipage ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "忍不住 ",
            "traditional": "忍不住 ",
            "pinyin": "rěnbuzhù",
            "translation": "ne peut pas aider / incapable de supporter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "日常 ",
            "traditional": "日常 ",
            "pinyin": "rìcháng",
            "translation": "tous les jours ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "日程 ",
            "traditional": "日程 ",
            "pinyin": "rìchéng",
            "translation": "calendrier / itinéraire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "日历 ",
            "traditional": "日曆 ",
            "pinyin": "rìlì",
            "translation": "calendrier ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "日期 ",
            "traditional": "日期 ",
            "pinyin": "rìqī",
            "translation": "date ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "日用品 ",
            "traditional": "日用品 ",
            "pinyin": "rìyòngpǐn",
            "translation": "objets d’usage quotidien ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "融化 ",
            "traditional": "融化 ",
            "pinyin": "rónghuà",
            "translation": "faire fondre / dégeler / dissoudre / fondre dans / combiner / fusionner ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "荣幸 ",
            "traditional": "榮幸 ",
            "pinyin": "róngxìng",
            "translation": "honoré ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "荣誉 ",
            "traditional": "榮譽 ",
            "pinyin": "róngyù",
            "translation": "honneur / crédit / gloire / réputation ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "如何 ",
            "traditional": "如何 ",
            "pinyin": "rúhé",
            "translation": "comment / quoi / ce ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "如今 ",
            "traditional": "如今 ",
            "pinyin": "rújīn",
            "translation": "de nos jours / maintenant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "软件 ",
            "traditional": "軟件 ",
            "pinyin": "ruǎnjiàn",
            "translation": "logiciel (informatique) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "弱 ",
            "traditional": "弱 ",
            "pinyin": "ruò",
            "translation": "faible / débile / jeune / inférieur / (suite d’une décimale ou une fraction) légèrement inférieure ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "洒 ",
            "traditional": "灑 ",
            "pinyin": "sǎ",
            "translation": "saupoudrer / pulvériser / renverser / apporter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "嗓子 ",
            "traditional": "嗓子 ",
            "pinyin": "sǎngzi",
            "translation": "gorge / voix ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "杀 ",
            "traditional": "殺 ",
            "pinyin": "shā",
            "translation": "tuer / assassiner / se battre / affaiblir ou réduire / puce (topolect) / contrecarrer / (utilisé après un verbe) extrêmement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "沙漠 ",
            "traditional": "沙漠 ",
            "pinyin": "shāmò",
            "translation": "désert ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "沙滩 ",
            "traditional": "沙灘 ",
            "pinyin": "shātān",
            "translation": "banc de sable / plage ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "傻 ",
            "traditional": "傻 ",
            "pinyin": "shǎ",
            "translation": "insensé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "晒 ",
            "traditional": "曬 ",
            "pinyin": "shài",
            "translation": "sécher au soleil / prendre le soleil / partager des fichiers (prêt «partager») ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "删除 ",
            "traditional": "刪除 ",
            "pinyin": "shānchú",
            "translation": "supprimer / annuler ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "闪电 ",
            "traditional": "閃電 ",
            "pinyin": "shǎndiàn",
            "translation": "foudre ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "善良 ",
            "traditional": "善良 ",
            "pinyin": "shànliáng",
            "translation": "bon et honnête / bienveillant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "善于 ",
            "traditional": "善於 ",
            "pinyin": "shànyú",
            "translation": "être bon / être habile dans ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "商品 ",
            "traditional": "商品 ",
            "pinyin": "shāngpǐn",
            "translation": "marchandise ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "商业 ",
            "traditional": "商業 ",
            "pinyin": "shāngyè",
            "translation": "affaires / commerce ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "上 ",
            "traditional": "上 ",
            "pinyin": "shàng",
            "translation": "sur / au-dessus / sur / d’abord (en plusieurs parties) / précédent / supérieur / supérieur / au-dessus / grimper / aller dans / monter / assister (classe ou université) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "上当 ",
            "traditional": "上當 ",
            "pinyin": "shàngdàng",
            "translation": "être dupe / être dupé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "勺子 ",
            "traditional": "勺子 ",
            "pinyin": "sháozi",
            "translation": "pelle / poche / grosse cuillère ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "蛇 ",
            "traditional": "蛇 ",
            "pinyin": "shé",
            "translation": "serpent ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "舌头 ",
            "traditional": "舌頭 ",
            "pinyin": "shétou",
            "translation": "langue / soldat ennemi capturé dans le but d’obtenir des informations ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "舍不得 ",
            "traditional": "捨不得 ",
            "pinyin": "shěbu",
            "translation": "tristesse de se séparer  / en vouloir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "设备 ",
            "traditional": "設備 ",
            "pinyin": "shèbèi",
            "translation": "équipement / installation ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "射击 ",
            "traditional": "射擊 ",
            "pinyin": "shèjī",
            "translation": "tirer (au pistolet) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "设计 ",
            "traditional": "設計 ",
            "pinyin": "shèjì",
            "translation": "plan / conception / concevoir / planifier ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "设施 ",
            "traditional": "設施 ",
            "pinyin": "shèshī",
            "translation": "installation / travaux (dans la rue) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "摄影 ",
            "traditional": "攝影 ",
            "pinyin": "shèyǐng",
            "translation": "prendre une photo / photographie / prise de vue (film) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "伸 ",
            "traditional": "伸 ",
            "pinyin": "shēn",
            "translation": "étirer pour étendre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "身材 ",
            "traditional": "身材 ",
            "pinyin": "shēncái",
            "translation": "stature / construire (taille et poids) / chiffre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "身份 ",
            "traditional": "身份 ",
            "pinyin": "shēnfèn",
            "translation": "identité / statut / capacité / dignité / position / rang ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "深刻 ",
            "traditional": "深刻 ",
            "pinyin": "shēnkè",
            "translation": "profond ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "神话 ",
            "traditional": "神話 ",
            "pinyin": "shénhuà",
            "translation": "conte de fées / mythologie / mythe ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "神经 ",
            "traditional": "神經 ",
            "pinyin": "shénjīng",
            "translation": "nerf ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "神秘 ",
            "traditional": "神祕 ",
            "pinyin": "shénmì",
            "translation": "mystérieux / mystère ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "升 ",
            "traditional": "升 ",
            "pinyin": "shēng",
            "translation": "augmenter / hisser / promouvoir / litre métrique (aussi écrit 公升) / mesure pour le grain sec égale à un dixième dou 斗 ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "生产 ",
            "traditional": "生產 ",
            "pinyin": "shēngchǎn",
            "translation": "propriété (bien) / accouchement / produire / fabriquer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "声调 ",
            "traditional": "聲調 ",
            "pinyin": "shēngdiào",
            "translation": "ton / note / ton (chinois) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "生动 ",
            "traditional": "生動 ",
            "pinyin": "shēngdòng",
            "translation": "vif / animé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "绳子 ",
            "traditional": "繩子 ",
            "pinyin": "shéngzi",
            "translation": "cordon / chaîne / cor ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "省略 ",
            "traditional": "省略 ",
            "pinyin": "shěnglvè",
            "translation": "laisser de côté / omission ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "胜利 ",
            "traditional": "勝利 ",
            "pinyin": "shènglì",
            "translation": "victoire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "诗 ",
            "traditional": "詩 ",
            "pinyin": "shī",
            "translation": "poème / poésie / verset / abbr. pour le livre des Cantiques 诗经 | 诗经 [shī jīng] ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "失眠 ",
            "traditional": "失眠 ",
            "pinyin": "shīmián",
            "translation": "insomnie (souffrir d’) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "失去 ",
            "traditional": "失去 ",
            "pinyin": "shīqù",
            "translation": "perdre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "失业 ",
            "traditional": "失業 ",
            "pinyin": "shīyè",
            "translation": "chômage ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "时代 ",
            "traditional": "時代 ",
            "pinyin": "shídài",
            "translation": "âge / ère / époque / période ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "实话 ",
            "traditional": "實話 ",
            "pinyin": "shíhuà",
            "translation": "vérité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "实践 ",
            "traditional": "實踐 ",
            "pinyin": "shíjiàn",
            "translation": "exercer / mettre en pratique / remplir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "时刻 ",
            "traditional": "時刻 ",
            "pinyin": "shíkè",
            "translation": "moment / constamment / toujours ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "时髦 ",
            "traditional": "時髦 ",
            "pinyin": "shímáo",
            "translation": "en vogue / tendance ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "时期 ",
            "traditional": "時期 ",
            "pinyin": "shíqī",
            "translation": "période dans le temps ou l’histoire / période / le temps (intervalle) / phase ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "时尚 ",
            "traditional": "時尚 ",
            "pinyin": "shíshàng",
            "translation": "mode ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "石头 ",
            "traditional": "石頭 ",
            "pinyin": "shítou",
            "translation": "pierre ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "食物 ",
            "traditional": "食物 ",
            "pinyin": "shíwù",
            "translation": "alimentaire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "实习 ",
            "traditional": "實習 ",
            "pinyin": "shíxí",
            "translation": "stage / exercer / travail sur le terrain ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "实现 ",
            "traditional": "實現 ",
            "pinyin": "shíxiàn",
            "translation": "réaliser / mettre en œuvre / mettre sur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "实行 ",
            "traditional": "實行 ",
            "pinyin": "shíxíng",
            "translation": "mettre en œuvre / effectuer / mettre en pratique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "实验 ",
            "traditional": "實驗 ",
            "pinyin": "shíyàn",
            "translation": "expérimenter / expérience ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "实用 ",
            "traditional": "實用 ",
            "pinyin": "shíyòng",
            "translation": "pratique / fonctionnel / pragmatique / appliquée (science) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "使劲儿 ",
            "traditional": "使勁兒 ",
            "pinyin": "shǐjìnr",
            "translation": "de toutes ses forces ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "始终 ",
            "traditional": "始終 ",
            "pinyin": "shǐzhōng",
            "translation": "du début à la fin / tout au long ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "士兵 ",
            "traditional": "士兵 ",
            "pinyin": "shìbīng",
            "translation": "soldat ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "似的 ",
            "traditional": "似的 ",
            "pinyin": "shìde",
            "translation": "sembler que si / plutôt comme / ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "是否 ",
            "traditional": "是否 ",
            "pinyin": "shìfǒu",
            "translation": "(ou non) sinon / est ou n’est pas ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "试卷 ",
            "traditional": "試卷 ",
            "pinyin": "shìjuàn",
            "translation": "copie d’examen / feuille d’examen ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "事情 ",
            "traditional": "事情 ",
            "pinyin": "shìqing",
            "translation": "affaire / problème / matière / chose / entreprise ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "事实 ",
            "traditional": "事實 ",
            "pinyin": "shìshí",
            "translation": "fait / le fait que ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "事物 ",
            "traditional": "事物 ",
            "pinyin": "shìwù",
            "translation": "chose / objet ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "事先 ",
            "traditional": "事先 ",
            "pinyin": "shìxiān",
            "translation": "avance / avant l’événement / avant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "收获 ",
            "traditional": "收穫 ",
            "pinyin": "shōuhuò",
            "translation": "bénéfice / récompense ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "收据 ",
            "traditional": "收據 ",
            "pinyin": "shōujù",
            "translation": "réception ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "手工 ",
            "traditional": "手工 ",
            "pinyin": "shǒugōng",
            "translation": "travaux manuels / manuel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "手术 ",
            "traditional": "手術 ",
            "pinyin": "shǒushù",
            "translation": "opération chirurgicale / fonctionnement / chirurgie ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "手套 ",
            "traditional": "手套 ",
            "pinyin": "shǒutào",
            "translation": "gant / mitaine ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "手续 ",
            "traditional": "手續 ",
            "pinyin": "shǒuxù",
            "translation": "formalités / procédures ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "手指 ",
            "traditional": "手指 ",
            "pinyin": "shǒuzhǐ",
            "translation": "doigt ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "受到 ",
            "traditional": "受到 ",
            "pinyin": "shòudào",
            "translation": "recevoir / souffrir / obtenu / donnée ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "寿命 ",
            "traditional": "壽命 ",
            "pinyin": "shòumìng",
            "translation": "durée de vie / espérance de vie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "受伤 ",
            "traditional": "受傷 ",
            "pinyin": "shòushāng",
            "translation": "subir des blessures / blessé (dans un accident etc) / lésé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "蔬菜 ",
            "traditional": "蔬菜 ",
            "pinyin": "shūcài",
            "translation": "légumes ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "书架 ",
            "traditional": "書架 ",
            "pinyin": "shūjià",
            "translation": "étagère ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "输入 ",
            "traditional": "輸入 ",
            "pinyin": "shūrù",
            "translation": "importation / entrée ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "舒适 ",
            "traditional": "舒適 ",
            "pinyin": "shūshì",
            "translation": "confortable / douillet ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "梳子 ",
            "traditional": "梳子 ",
            "pinyin": "shūzi",
            "translation": "peigne ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "熟练 ",
            "traditional": "熟練 ",
            "pinyin": "shúliàn",
            "translation": "pratiqué / maîtrise / qualifié / habile ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "鼠标 ",
            "traditional": "鼠標 ",
            "pinyin": "shǔbiāo",
            "translation": "souris (informatique) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "属于 ",
            "traditional": "屬於 ",
            "pinyin": "shǔyú",
            "translation": "appartenir  / faire partie de  / classé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "数据 ",
            "traditional": "數據 ",
            "pinyin": "shùjù",
            "translation": "données / numéros numériques / / aussi écrit 数据 ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "数码 ",
            "traditional": "數碼 ",
            "pinyin": "shùmǎ",
            "translation": "nombre / montant / chiffres numériques / code numérique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "摔 ",
            "traditional": "摔 ",
            "pinyin": "shuāi",
            "translation": "jeter / tomber / laisser tomber et briser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "甩 ",
            "traditional": "甩 ",
            "pinyin": "shuǎi",
            "translation": "jeter / se balancer / laisser derrière / se débarrasser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "双方 ",
            "traditional": "雙方 ",
            "pinyin": "shuāngfāng",
            "translation": "bilatéral / deux côtés / les deux parties impliquées ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "税 ",
            "traditional": "稅 ",
            "pinyin": "shuì",
            "translation": "taxes / droits ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "说不定 ",
            "traditional": "說不定 ",
            "pinyin": "shuōbudìng",
            "translation": "ne pas être certain de / peut-être ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "说服 ",
            "traditional": "說服 ",
            "pinyin": "shuōfú",
            "translation": "persuader / convaincre / parler de qqun / Taiwan pr. shuì fú ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "撕 ",
            "traditional": "撕 ",
            "pinyin": "sī",
            "translation": "déchirer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "丝绸 ",
            "traditional": "絲綢 ",
            "pinyin": "sīchóu",
            "translation": "tissu en soie / soie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "丝毫 ",
            "traditional": "絲毫 ",
            "pinyin": "sīháo",
            "translation": "moindre quantité ou degré / un peu ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "思考 ",
            "traditional": "思考 ",
            "pinyin": "sīkǎo",
            "translation": "réfléchir sur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "私人 ",
            "traditional": "私人 ",
            "pinyin": "sīrén",
            "translation": "privé (individu) / privé (droit) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "思想 ",
            "traditional": "思想 ",
            "pinyin": "sīxiǎng",
            "translation": "pensée / réflexion / idée / idéologie ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "似乎 ",
            "traditional": "似乎 ",
            "pinyin": "sìhū",
            "translation": "apparemment / paraître / apparaître / comme si ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "寺庙 ",
            "traditional": "寺廟 ",
            "pinyin": "sìmiào",
            "translation": "temple / monastère / sanctuaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "宿舍 ",
            "traditional": "宿舍 ",
            "pinyin": "sùshè",
            "translation": "dortoir / quartiers d’habitation / auberge ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "随时 ",
            "traditional": "隨時 ",
            "pinyin": "suíshí",
            "translation": "à n’importe quel moment ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "碎 ",
            "traditional": "碎 ",
            "pinyin": "suì",
            "translation": "briser / briser en morceaux / fragmentaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "孙子 ",
            "traditional": "孫子 ",
            "pinyin": "sūnzi",
            "translation": "petit-fils (paternel) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "损失 ",
            "traditional": "損失 ",
            "pinyin": "sǔnshī",
            "translation": "perte / dommages / perdre / endommager ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "缩短 ",
            "traditional": "縮短 ",
            "pinyin": "suōduǎn",
            "translation": "réduire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "缩小 ",
            "traditional": "縮小 ",
            "pinyin": "suōxiǎo",
            "translation": "réduire / diminuer / abréger ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "所 ",
            "traditional": "所 ",
            "pinyin": "suǒ",
            "translation": "effectivement / lieu / (particules pour introduire une clause relative ou passive) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "锁 ",
            "traditional": "鎖 ",
            "pinyin": "suǒ",
            "translation": "enfermer / verrouiller / serrure ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "所谓 ",
            "traditional": "所謂 ",
            "pinyin": "suǒwèi",
            "translation": "soi-disant / ce qu’on appelle ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "塔 ",
            "traditional": "塔 ",
            "pinyin": "tǎ",
            "translation": "pagode / tour / minaret / stupa (abrégé du terme emprunté au sanskrit tapo) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "台阶 ",
            "traditional": "臺階 ",
            "pinyin": "táijiē",
            "translation": "escalier (maison) / étape (plus un obstacle) / banc / fig. moyen de sortir d’une situation embarrassante ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "太极拳 ",
            "traditional": "太極拳 ",
            "pinyin": "tàijíquán",
            "translation": "shadowboxing ou Taiji / T’aichi ou T’aichichuan / forme traditionnelle d’exercice physique ou détente / art martial ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "太太 ",
            "traditional": "太太 ",
            "pinyin": "tàitai",
            "translation": "femme mariée / Mme / Madame / femme ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "谈判 ",
            "traditional": "談判 ",
            "pinyin": "tánpàn",
            "translation": "négocier / négociation / pourparlers / conférence ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "坦率 ",
            "traditional": "坦率 ",
            "pinyin": "tǎnshuài",
            "translation": "franche (discussion) / contondant / ouvert ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "趟 ",
            "traditional": "趟 ",
            "pinyin": "tàng",
            "translation": "CL pour le nombre voyages ou courses effectuées ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "烫 ",
            "traditional": "燙 ",
            "pinyin": "tàng",
            "translation": "échaudure / brûler / au fer / chaud ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "桃 ",
            "traditional": "桃 ",
            "pinyin": "táo",
            "translation": "pêche ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "逃 ",
            "traditional": "逃 ",
            "pinyin": "táo",
            "translation": "échapper / fuir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "逃避 ",
            "traditional": "逃避 ",
            "pinyin": "táobì",
            "translation": "échapper / s’échapper / éviter / se soustraire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "套 ",
            "traditional": "套 ",
            "pinyin": "tào",
            "translation": "couverture / gaine / envelopper / affaire / chevaucher / entrelacement / sellerie / classificateur pour les ensembles / collections / tau (lettre grecque Ττ) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "特殊 ",
            "traditional": "特殊 ",
            "pinyin": "tèshū",
            "translation": "spécial / notamment / inhabituel / extraordinaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "特意 ",
            "traditional": "特意 ",
            "pinyin": "tèyì",
            "translation": "spécialement / intentionnellement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "特征 ",
            "traditional": "特徵 ",
            "pinyin": "tèzhēng",
            "translation": "caractéristique / diagnostic / particularité / trait ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "疼爱 ",
            "traditional": "疼愛 ",
            "pinyin": "téngài",
            "translation": "aimer tendrement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "提 ",
            "traditional": "提 ",
            "pinyin": "tí",
            "translation": "transporter / soulever / augmenter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "提倡 ",
            "traditional": "提倡 ",
            "pinyin": "tíchàng",
            "translation": "promouvoir / défendre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "提纲 ",
            "traditional": "提綱 ",
            "pinyin": "tígāng",
            "translation": "point clé / contour ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "题目 ",
            "traditional": "題目 ",
            "pinyin": "tímù",
            "translation": "sujet / titre / ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "提问 ",
            "traditional": "提問 ",
            "pinyin": "tíwèn",
            "translation": "question / interroger / faire griller ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "体会 ",
            "traditional": "體會 ",
            "pinyin": "tǐhuì",
            "translation": "savoir (par l’apprentissage ou par l’expérience) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "体积 ",
            "traditional": "體積 ",
            "pinyin": "tǐjī",
            "translation": "volume / en vrac ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "体贴 ",
            "traditional": "體貼 ",
            "pinyin": "tǐtiē",
            "translation": "attentionné ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "体现 ",
            "traditional": "體現 ",
            "pinyin": "tǐxiàn",
            "translation": "incarner / réfléchir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "体验 ",
            "traditional": "體驗 ",
            "pinyin": "tǐyàn",
            "translation": "découvrir par soi-même ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "天空 ",
            "traditional": "天空 ",
            "pinyin": "tiānkōng",
            "translation": "ciel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "天真 ",
            "traditional": "天真 ",
            "pinyin": "tiānzhēn",
            "translation": "naïf / innocent ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "田野 ",
            "traditional": "田野 ",
            "pinyin": "tiányě",
            "translation": "domaine / terre ouverte / champ ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "调皮 ",
            "traditional": "調皮 ",
            "pinyin": "tiáopí",
            "translation": "méchant / malfaisant / indiscipliné ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "调整 ",
            "traditional": "調整 ",
            "pinyin": "tiáozhěng",
            "translation": "ajustement / révision ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "挑战 ",
            "traditional": "挑戰 ",
            "pinyin": "tiǎozhàn",
            "translation": "contester ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "通常 ",
            "traditional": "通常 ",
            "pinyin": "tōngcháng",
            "translation": "régulier / habituel / ordinaire / normal ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "通讯 ",
            "traditional": "通訊 ",
            "pinyin": "tōngxùn",
            "translation": "communication / dépêche (agence de presse) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "铜 ",
            "traditional": "銅 ",
            "pinyin": "tóng",
            "translation": "cuivre (chimie) / voir aussi 红铜 [hóng tóng] ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "同时 ",
            "traditional": "同時 ",
            "pinyin": "tóngshí",
            "translation": "en même temps / simultanément ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "统一 ",
            "traditional": "統一 ",
            "pinyin": "tǒngyī",
            "translation": "unifier / unir / intégrer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "统治 ",
            "traditional": "統治 ",
            "pinyin": "tǒngzhì",
            "translation": "gouverner / règle / régime ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "痛苦 ",
            "traditional": "痛苦 ",
            "pinyin": "tòngkǔ",
            "translation": "douleur / souffrance / douloureux ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "痛快 ",
            "traditional": "痛快 ",
            "pinyin": "tòngkuài",
            "translation": "joie / heureux / bon cœur / en profitant / aussi pr. tòng kuai ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "投资 ",
            "traditional": "投資 ",
            "pinyin": "tóuzī",
            "translation": "investissement / investir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "透明 ",
            "traditional": "透明 ",
            "pinyin": "tòumíng",
            "translation": "transparent / ouvert (non secret) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "突出 ",
            "traditional": "突出 ",
            "pinyin": "tūchū",
            "translation": "proéminent / circulation / mettre en évidence / dépasser / projeter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "土地 ",
            "traditional": "土地 ",
            "pinyin": "tǔdì",
            "translation": "terres / territoires / sols / dieu local / Lar / genius loci ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "土豆 ",
            "traditional": "土豆 ",
            "pinyin": "tǔdòu",
            "translation": "pomme de terre ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "吐 ",
            "traditional": "吐 ",
            "pinyin": "tù",
            "translation": "vomir / cracher ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "兔子 ",
            "traditional": "兔子 ",
            "pinyin": "tùzi",
            "translation": "lièvre / lapin ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "团 ",
            "traditional": "團 ",
            "pinyin": "tuán",
            "translation": "régiment / rond / circulaire / groupe / la société ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "推辞 ",
            "traditional": "推辭 ",
            "pinyin": "tuīcí",
            "translation": "refuser (invitation / rendez-vous,) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "推广 ",
            "traditional": "推廣 ",
            "pinyin": "tuīguǎng",
            "translation": "étendre / répandre / populariser ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "推荐 ",
            "traditional": "推薦 ",
            "pinyin": "tuījiàn",
            "translation": "recommander / recommandation ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "退 ",
            "traditional": "退 ",
            "pinyin": "tuì",
            "translation": "retraite / refuser / déplacer en arrière / retirer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "退步 ",
            "traditional": "退步 ",
            "pinyin": "tuìbù",
            "translation": "régresser  / dégénérer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "退休 ",
            "traditional": "退休 ",
            "pinyin": "tuìxiū",
            "translation": "retraite (travail) / prendre sa retraite ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "歪 ",
            "traditional": "歪 ",
            "pinyin": "wāi",
            "translation": "guingois / angle de travers / retors / nocif ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "外交 ",
            "traditional": "外交 ",
            "pinyin": "wàijiāo",
            "translation": "diplomatie / diplomatique / les Affaires étrangères ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "弯 ",
            "traditional": "彎 ",
            "pinyin": "wān",
            "translation": "cou / plié ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "玩具 ",
            "traditional": "玩具 ",
            "pinyin": "wánjù",
            "translation": "jouet ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "完美 ",
            "traditional": "完美 ",
            "pinyin": "wánměi",
            "translation": "parfait / perfection / parfaitement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "完善 ",
            "traditional": "完善 ",
            "pinyin": "wánshàn",
            "translation": "parfait / améliorer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "完整 ",
            "traditional": "完整 ",
            "pinyin": "wánzhěng",
            "translation": "complet / intact ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "万一 ",
            "traditional": "萬一 ",
            "pinyin": "wànyī",
            "translation": "juste au cas où / si / par hasard / contingence ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "王子 ",
            "traditional": "王子 ",
            "pinyin": "wángzǐ",
            "translation": "prince / fils d’un roi ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "往返 ",
            "traditional": "往返 ",
            "pinyin": "wǎngfǎn",
            "translation": "aller d’avant en arrière / aller içi et là ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "危害 ",
            "traditional": "危害 ",
            "pinyin": "wēihài",
            "translation": "mettre en péril / nuire / mettre en danger ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "微笑 ",
            "traditional": "微笑 ",
            "pinyin": "wēixiào",
            "translation": "sourire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "威胁 ",
            "traditional": "威脅 ",
            "pinyin": "wēixié",
            "translation": "menace ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "违反 ",
            "traditional": "違反 ",
            "pinyin": "wéifǎn",
            "translation": "violer (une loi) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "维护 ",
            "traditional": "維護 ",
            "pinyin": "wéihù",
            "translation": "défendre / sauvegarder / protéger / maintenir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "围巾 ",
            "traditional": "圍巾 ",
            "pinyin": "wéijīn",
            "translation": "écharpe / châle ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "围绕 ",
            "traditional": "圍繞 ",
            "pinyin": "wéirào",
            "translation": "tourner autour / se centrer sur (une question) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "唯一 ",
            "traditional": "唯一 ",
            "pinyin": "wéiyī",
            "translation": "seulement / seul ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "尾巴 ",
            "traditional": "尾巴 ",
            "pinyin": "wěiba",
            "translation": "queue ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "伟大 ",
            "traditional": "偉大 ",
            "pinyin": "wěidà",
            "translation": "grand / puissant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "委屈 ",
            "traditional": "委屈 ",
            "pinyin": "wěiqū",
            "translation": "se sentir lésé / avoir un grief ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "委托 ",
            "traditional": "委託 ",
            "pinyin": "wěituō",
            "translation": "confier / faire confiance / commission ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "畏 ",
            "traditional": "畏 ",
            "pinyin": "wèi",
            "translation": "craindre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "胃 ",
            "traditional": "胃 ",
            "pinyin": "wèi",
            "translation": "estomac ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "未必 ",
            "traditional": "未必 ",
            "pinyin": "wèibì",
            "translation": "nécessairement / peut-être pas ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "未来 ",
            "traditional": "未來 ",
            "pinyin": "wèilái",
            "translation": "avenir ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "卫生间 ",
            "traditional": "衛生間 ",
            "pinyin": "wèishēngjiān",
            "translation": "salle de bains / WC ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "位置 ",
            "traditional": "位置 ",
            "pinyin": "wèizhi",
            "translation": "position / lieu du siège ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "温暖 ",
            "traditional": "溫暖 ",
            "pinyin": "wēnnuǎn",
            "translation": "chaud ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "温柔 ",
            "traditional": "溫柔 ",
            "pinyin": "wēnróu",
            "translation": "doux et souple / appel d’offres ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "闻 ",
            "traditional": "聞 ",
            "pinyin": "wén",
            "translation": "entendre / nouvelle / bien connue / célèbre / réputation / gloire / renifler / nom de famille Wen ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "文件 ",
            "traditional": "文件 ",
            "pinyin": "wénjiàn",
            "translation": "document / fichier ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "文具 ",
            "traditional": "文具 ",
            "pinyin": "wénjù",
            "translation": "papeterie / article de papeterie (stylo / crayon / gomme / taille-crayon / etc) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "文明 ",
            "traditional": "文明 ",
            "pinyin": "wénmíng",
            "translation": "civilisé / civilisation / culture ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "文学 ",
            "traditional": "文學 ",
            "pinyin": "wénxué",
            "translation": "littérature ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "吻 ",
            "traditional": "吻 ",
            "pinyin": "wěn",
            "translation": "baiser / bouche ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "稳定 ",
            "traditional": "穩定 ",
            "pinyin": "wěndìng",
            "translation": "constant / stable / stabilité / se stabiliser / pacifier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "问候 ",
            "traditional": "問候 ",
            "pinyin": "wènhòu",
            "translation": "donner ses points / envoyer un message d’accueil ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "卧室 ",
            "traditional": "臥室 ",
            "pinyin": "wòshì",
            "translation": "chambre à coucher ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "屋子 ",
            "traditional": "屋子 ",
            "pinyin": "wūzi",
            "translation": "maison / chambre ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "无奈 ",
            "traditional": "無奈 ",
            "pinyin": "wúnài",
            "translation": "sans choix / faute d’une meilleure solution / à contrecoeur / bon gré mal gré / abbr. pour 无可奈何 [wú kě nài hé] ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "无数 ",
            "traditional": "無數 ",
            "pinyin": "wúshù",
            "translation": "innombrable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "武器 ",
            "traditional": "武器 ",
            "pinyin": "wǔqì",
            "translation": "arme / armement ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "武术 ",
            "traditional": "武術 ",
            "pinyin": "wǔshù",
            "translation": "compétence militaire ou technique (autrefois) / toutes sortes de sports / d’arts martiaux (certains affirmant le développement spirituel) / auto-défense / la tradition des combats chorégraphiésà l’opéra et au cinéma (usage récent) / également appelés kungfu 功夫 ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "雾 ",
            "traditional": "霧 ",
            "pinyin": "wù",
            "translation": "brouillard / brume ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "物理 ",
            "traditional": "物理 ",
            "pinyin": "wùlǐ",
            "translation": "physique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "物质 ",
            "traditional": "物質 ",
            "pinyin": "wùzhì",
            "translation": "question / substance / matériel / matérialiste ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "吸收 ",
            "traditional": "吸收 ",
            "pinyin": "xīshōu",
            "translation": "absorber / assimiler / ingérer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "系 ",
            "traditional": "系 ",
            "pinyin": "xì",
            "translation": "se connecter / se rapporter  / attacher / lier / être (littéraire) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "细节 ",
            "traditional": "細節 ",
            "pinyin": "xìjié",
            "translation": "détails particuliers ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "戏剧 ",
            "traditional": "戲劇 ",
            "pinyin": "xìjù",
            "translation": "drame / jeu / théâtre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "系统 ",
            "traditional": "系統 ",
            "pinyin": "xìtǒng",
            "translation": "système ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "瞎 ",
            "traditional": "瞎 ",
            "pinyin": "xiā",
            "translation": "aveugle / sans fondement / bêtement / sans but ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "吓 ",
            "traditional": "嚇 ",
            "pinyin": "xià",
            "translation": "effrayer / faire peur / d’intimider / menacer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "下载 ",
            "traditional": "下載 ",
            "pinyin": "xiàzǎi",
            "translation": "télécharger ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "鲜艳 ",
            "traditional": "鮮豔 ",
            "pinyin": "xiānyàn",
            "translation": "couleurs vives / gaiement coloré ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "显得 ",
            "traditional": "顯得 ",
            "pinyin": "xiǎnde",
            "translation": "paraître / regarder / apparaître ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "显然 ",
            "traditional": "顯然 ",
            "pinyin": "xiǎnrán",
            "translation": "clair / évident / évidemment ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "显示 ",
            "traditional": "顯示 ",
            "pinyin": "xiǎnshì",
            "translation": "montrer / illustrer / afficher / démontrer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "县 ",
            "traditional": "縣 ",
            "pinyin": "xiàn",
            "translation": "comté (division administrative) sous-préfecture 地区 [dì qù] ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "现金 ",
            "traditional": "現金 ",
            "pinyin": "xiànjīn",
            "translation": "espèces (argent) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "现实 ",
            "traditional": "現實 ",
            "pinyin": "xiànshí",
            "translation": "réalité / réel ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "现象 ",
            "traditional": "現象 ",
            "pinyin": "xiànxiàng",
            "translation": "apparence / phénomène ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "相处 ",
            "traditional": "相處 ",
            "pinyin": "xiāngchǔ",
            "translation": "s’entendre les uns avec les autres ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "相当 ",
            "traditional": "相當 ",
            "pinyin": "xiāngdāng",
            "translation": "équivalent  / approprié / considérablement / dans une certaine mesure / assez ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "相对 ",
            "traditional": "相對 ",
            "pinyin": "xiāngduì",
            "translation": "relativement / opposé / résister / s’opposer / rapport / vis-à-vis ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "相关 ",
            "traditional": "相關 ",
            "pinyin": "xiāngguān",
            "translation": "interdépendant / corrélation / dépendance / pertinence / mutualité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "相连 ",
            "traditional": "相連 ",
            "pinyin": "xiānglián",
            "translation": "relier / joindre / lien / connexion ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "相似 ",
            "traditional": "相似 ",
            "pinyin": "xiāngsì",
            "translation": "ressembler / semblable / comme / ressemblance / similitude ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "想念 ",
            "traditional": "想念 ",
            "pinyin": "xiǎngniàn",
            "translation": "manquer / se souvenir avec nostalgie / voir à nouveau ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "享受 ",
            "traditional": "享受 ",
            "pinyin": "xiǎngshòu",
            "translation": "profiter / faire la fête / plaisir ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "想象 ",
            "traditional": "想象 ",
            "pinyin": "xiǎngxiàng",
            "translation": "imaginer / fantaisie ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "像 ",
            "traditional": "像 ",
            "pinyin": "xiàng",
            "translation": "ressembler / similaire  / apparence / comparaître / paraître / image / portrait / air ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "项链 ",
            "traditional": "項鍊 ",
            "pinyin": "xiàngliàn",
            "translation": "collier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "项目 ",
            "traditional": "項目 ",
            "pinyin": "xiàngmù",
            "translation": "article / projet / manifestation sportive ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "橡皮 ",
            "traditional": "橡皮 ",
            "pinyin": "xiàngpí",
            "translation": "caoutchouc / gomme / effacer ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "象棋 ",
            "traditional": "象棋 ",
            "pinyin": "xiàngqí",
            "translation": "échecs chinois ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "象征 ",
            "traditional": "象徵 ",
            "pinyin": "xiàngzhēng",
            "translation": "emblème / symbole / jeton / badge / symboliser / signifier / se présenter à ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "消费 ",
            "traditional": "消費 ",
            "pinyin": "xiāofèi",
            "translation": "consommer ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "消化 ",
            "traditional": "消化 ",
            "pinyin": "xiāohuà",
            "translation": "digestion / digestif ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "消灭 ",
            "traditional": "消滅 ",
            "pinyin": "xiāomiè",
            "translation": "mettre un terme  / anéantir / faire périr / périssable / annihilation (en théorie quantique des champs) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "消失 ",
            "traditional": "消失 ",
            "pinyin": "xiāoshī",
            "translation": "disparaître / s’estomper ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "销售 ",
            "traditional": "銷售 ",
            "pinyin": "xiāoshòu",
            "translation": "vendre / marché / ventes ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "小吃 ",
            "traditional": "小吃 ",
            "pinyin": "xiǎochī",
            "translation": "collation / rafraîchissements ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "小伙子 ",
            "traditional": "小夥子 ",
            "pinyin": "xiǎohuǒzi",
            "translation": "garçon / jeune homme / jeune ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "小麦 ",
            "traditional": "小麥 ",
            "pinyin": "xiǎomài",
            "translation": "blé ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "小偷 ",
            "traditional": "小偷 ",
            "pinyin": "xiǎotōu",
            "translation": "voleur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "效率 ",
            "traditional": "效率 ",
            "pinyin": "xiàolǜ",
            "translation": "efficacité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "歇 ",
            "traditional": "歇 ",
            "pinyin": "xiē",
            "translation": "repos ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "斜 ",
            "traditional": "斜 ",
            "pinyin": "xié",
            "translation": "incliné / oblique / basculement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "协调 ",
            "traditional": "協調 ",
            "pinyin": "xiétiáo",
            "translation": "coordonner / harmoniser / négociation ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "心理 ",
            "traditional": "心理 ",
            "pinyin": "xīnlǐ",
            "translation": "mental / psychologique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "欣赏 ",
            "traditional": "欣賞 ",
            "pinyin": "xīnshǎng",
            "translation": "apprécier / jouir / admirer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "心脏 ",
            "traditional": "心臟 ",
            "pinyin": "xīnzàng",
            "translation": "cœur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "信封 ",
            "traditional": "信封 ",
            "pinyin": "xìnfēng",
            "translation": "enveloppe ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "信号 ",
            "traditional": "信號 ",
            "pinyin": "xìnhào",
            "translation": "signaler ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "信息 ",
            "traditional": "信息 ",
            "pinyin": "xìnxī",
            "translation": "information / nouvelles ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "形成 ",
            "traditional": "形成 ",
            "pinyin": "xíngchéng",
            "translation": "former / prendre forme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "行动 ",
            "traditional": "行動 ",
            "pinyin": "xíngdòng",
            "translation": "fonctionnement / action / déplacer / mobile ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "行人 ",
            "traditional": "行人 ",
            "pinyin": "xíngrén",
            "translation": "piéton / voyageur à pied / passant / officiel responsable de l’organisation du public avec l’empereur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "形容 ",
            "traditional": "形容 ",
            "pinyin": "xíngróng",
            "translation": "décrire / description / apparence / aspect ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "形势 ",
            "traditional": "形勢 ",
            "pinyin": "xíngshì",
            "translation": "circonstances / situation / terrain ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "形式 ",
            "traditional": "形式 ",
            "pinyin": "xíngshì",
            "translation": "forme / situation / circonstance ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "行为 ",
            "traditional": "行爲 ",
            "pinyin": "xíngwéi",
            "translation": "action / conduite / comportement / activité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "形象 ",
            "traditional": "形象 ",
            "pinyin": "xíngxiàng",
            "translation": "image / forme / figure  / visualisation ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "形状 ",
            "traditional": "形狀 ",
            "pinyin": "xíngzhuàng",
            "translation": "forme ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "幸亏 ",
            "traditional": "幸虧 ",
            "pinyin": "xìngkuī",
            "translation": "heureusement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "幸运 ",
            "traditional": "幸運 ",
            "pinyin": "xìngyùn",
            "translation": "chanceux / chance / fortune ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "性质 ",
            "traditional": "性質 ",
            "pinyin": "xìngzhì",
            "translation": "nature / caractéristique ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "胸 ",
            "traditional": "胸 ",
            "pinyin": "xiōng",
            "translation": "poitrine / coeur / thorax ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "兄弟 ",
            "traditional": "兄弟 ",
            "pinyin": "xiōngdì",
            "translation": "frère aîné / frère / fraternel ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "雄伟 ",
            "traditional": "雄偉 ",
            "pinyin": "xióngwěi",
            "translation": "grand / imposant / magnifique / majestueux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "修改 ",
            "traditional": "修改 ",
            "pinyin": "xiūgǎi",
            "translation": "modifier / altérer / modifier ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "休闲 ",
            "traditional": "休閒 ",
            "pinyin": "xiūxián",
            "translation": "loisirs / détente / repos ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "虚心 ",
            "traditional": "虛心 ",
            "pinyin": "xūxīn",
            "translation": "modeste ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "叙述 ",
            "traditional": "敘述 ",
            "pinyin": "xùshù",
            "translation": "raconter (histoire ou information) / dire ou parler / raconter / récit / raconter / compte ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "宣布 ",
            "traditional": "宣佈 ",
            "pinyin": "xuānbù",
            "translation": "déclarer / annoncer / proclamer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "宣传 ",
            "traditional": "宣傳 ",
            "pinyin": "xuānchuán",
            "translation": "diffuser / faire de la publicité / propagande ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "选举 ",
            "traditional": "選舉 ",
            "pinyin": "xuǎnjǔ",
            "translation": "élire / élection ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "学期 ",
            "traditional": "學期 ",
            "pinyin": "xuéqī",
            "translation": "semestre ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "学术 ",
            "traditional": "學術 ",
            "pinyin": "xuéshù",
            "translation": "apprentissage / science / universitaire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "学问 ",
            "traditional": "學問 ",
            "pinyin": "xuéwèn",
            "translation": "apprentissage / connaissance ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "询问 ",
            "traditional": "詢問 ",
            "pinyin": "xúnwèn",
            "translation": "se renseigner ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "寻找 ",
            "traditional": "尋找 ",
            "pinyin": "xúnzhǎo",
            "translation": "chercher / regarder pour ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "训练 ",
            "traditional": "訓練 ",
            "pinyin": "xùnliàn",
            "translation": "former / percer / formation ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "迅速 ",
            "traditional": "迅速 ",
            "pinyin": "xùnsù",
            "translation": "rapide ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "延长 ",
            "traditional": "延長 ",
            "pinyin": "yáncháng",
            "translation": "prolonger / reporter à ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "严肃 ",
            "traditional": "嚴肅 ",
            "pinyin": "yánsù",
            "translation": "solennel / solennité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "宴会 ",
            "traditional": "宴會 ",
            "pinyin": "yànhuì",
            "translation": "banquet / fête / dîner ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "阳台 ",
            "traditional": "陽臺 ",
            "pinyin": "yángtái",
            "translation": "balcon / porche ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "痒 ",
            "traditional": "癢 ",
            "pinyin": "yǎng",
            "translation": "démanger / chatouiller ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "样式 ",
            "traditional": "樣式 ",
            "pinyin": "yàngshì",
            "translation": "type / style ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "腰 ",
            "traditional": "腰 ",
            "pinyin": "yāo",
            "translation": "taille / au bas du dos / poche / milieu / reins ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "摇 ",
            "traditional": "搖 ",
            "pinyin": "yáo",
            "translation": "secouer / rock (and roll) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "咬 ",
            "traditional": "咬 ",
            "pinyin": "yǎo",
            "translation": "mordre / étouffer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "要不 ",
            "traditional": "要不 ",
            "pinyin": "yàobù",
            "translation": "autrement / ou / ou bien / que diriez-vous …? (un choix ou un autre) / soit présent / ou bien … ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "要是 ",
            "traditional": "要是 ",
            "pinyin": "yàoshi",
            "translation": "si (… alors) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "夜 ",
            "traditional": "夜 ",
            "pinyin": "yè",
            "translation": "nuit ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "液体 ",
            "traditional": "液體 ",
            "pinyin": "yètǐ",
            "translation": "liquide ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "业务 ",
            "traditional": "業務 ",
            "pinyin": "yèwù",
            "translation": "entreprise / profession ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "业余 ",
            "traditional": "業餘 ",
            "pinyin": "yèyú",
            "translation": "temps libre / amateur / parascolaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "一辈子 ",
            "traditional": "一輩子 ",
            "pinyin": "yíbèizi",
            "translation": "une durée (pour une durée) / sur tout la durée (d’une action) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "一旦 ",
            "traditional": "一旦 ",
            "pinyin": "yídàn",
            "translation": "dans le cas (où ca se passe) / et si / une fois (qch qui se passe / alors …) / quand / dans un court laps temps / en une seule journée ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "一路平安 ",
            "traditional": "一路平安 ",
            "pinyin": "yílùpíngān",
            "translation": "Bon voyage! Voyagez en toute sécurité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "依然 ",
            "traditional": "依然 ",
            "pinyin": "yīrán",
            "translation": "encore / comme précédemment ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "一致 ",
            "traditional": "一致 ",
            "pinyin": "yízhì",
            "translation": "unanimité / identique (vues ou opinions) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "移动 ",
            "traditional": "移動 ",
            "pinyin": "yídòng",
            "translation": "se déplacer / mouvement / migration / mobile / portable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "遗憾 ",
            "traditional": "遺憾 ",
            "pinyin": "yíhàn",
            "translation": "regret / pitié / désolé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "移民 ",
            "traditional": "移民 ",
            "pinyin": "yímín",
            "translation": "immigrer / migration / émigrant / immigré ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "疑问 ",
            "traditional": "疑問 ",
            "pinyin": "yíwèn",
            "translation": "question / qqch non compris / requête / interrogatif (gramm.) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "乙 ",
            "traditional": "乙 ",
            "pinyin": "yǐ",
            "translation": "deuxième de 10 tiges célestes 十天干 / le deuxième dans l’ordre / lettre «B» ou chiffre romain « II » / seconde partie (en contrat légal / généralement 乙方 [yǐ fāng] / par opposition 甲方 [jiǎ fāng]) / éthylique / radical en caractères chinois (Kangxi radicale ) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "以及 ",
            "traditional": "以及 ",
            "pinyin": "yǐjí",
            "translation": "ainsi que / aussi / et ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "以来 ",
            "traditional": "以來 ",
            "pinyin": "yǐlái",
            "translation": "après (un événement précédent) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "议论 ",
            "traditional": "議論 ",
            "pinyin": "yìlùn",
            "translation": "commenter / parler / discuter / discussion ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "意外 ",
            "traditional": "意外 ",
            "pinyin": "yìwài",
            "translation": "inattendu / accident / incident ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "义务 ",
            "traditional": "義務 ",
            "pinyin": "yìwù",
            "translation": "voir / obligation / engagement / le devoir / obligatoire / volontaire ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "意义 ",
            "traditional": "意義 ",
            "pinyin": "yìyì",
            "translation": "sens / signification ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "因而 ",
            "traditional": "因而 ",
            "pinyin": "yīnér",
            "translation": "par conséquent / la suite: ainsi / et par suite / … ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "因素 ",
            "traditional": "因素 ",
            "pinyin": "yīnsù",
            "translation": "élément / facteur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "银 ",
            "traditional": "銀 ",
            "pinyin": "yín",
            "translation": "argent / argenté / relatif à la monnaie ou l’argent ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "英俊 ",
            "traditional": "英俊 ",
            "pinyin": "yīngjùn",
            "translation": "beau ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "英雄 ",
            "traditional": "英雄 ",
            "pinyin": "yīngxióng",
            "translation": "héros ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "迎接 ",
            "traditional": "迎接 ",
            "pinyin": "yíngjiē",
            "translation": "répondre / accueillir / saluer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "营养 ",
            "traditional": "營養 ",
            "pinyin": "yíngyǎng",
            "translation": "nutrition / nourriture ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "营业 ",
            "traditional": "營業 ",
            "pinyin": "yíngyè",
            "translation": "faire des affaires / faire du commerce ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "影子 ",
            "traditional": "影子 ",
            "pinyin": "yǐngzi",
            "translation": "ombre / reflet ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "硬币 ",
            "traditional": "硬幣 ",
            "pinyin": "yìngbì",
            "translation": "une pièce de monnaie ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "应付 ",
            "traditional": "應付 ",
            "pinyin": "yìngfu",
            "translation": "traiter / faire face ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "硬件 ",
            "traditional": "硬件 ",
            "pinyin": "yìngjiàn",
            "translation": "matériel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "应聘 ",
            "traditional": "應聘 ",
            "pinyin": "yìngpìn",
            "translation": "accepter / offre d’emploi / candidater pour un poste ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "应用 ",
            "traditional": "應用 ",
            "pinyin": "yìngyòng",
            "translation": "utiliser / appliquer / application / applicable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "拥抱 ",
            "traditional": "擁抱 ",
            "pinyin": "yōngbào",
            "translation": "enlasser / étreindre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "拥挤 ",
            "traditional": "擁擠 ",
            "pinyin": "yōngjǐ",
            "translation": "foule compacte / serré (foule dans le métro) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "勇气 ",
            "traditional": "勇氣 ",
            "pinyin": "yǒngqì",
            "translation": "courage / bravoure ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "用途 ",
            "traditional": "用途 ",
            "pinyin": "yòngtú",
            "translation": "utilisation / application ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "优惠 ",
            "traditional": "優惠 ",
            "pinyin": "yōuhuì",
            "translation": "préférentiel / favorable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "悠久 ",
            "traditional": "悠久 ",
            "pinyin": "yōujiǔ",
            "translation": "établi / longuement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "优美 ",
            "traditional": "優美 ",
            "pinyin": "yōuměi",
            "translation": "gracieux / fin / élégant ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "优势 ",
            "traditional": "優勢 ",
            "pinyin": "yōushì",
            "translation": "supériorité / domination / avantage ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "邮局 ",
            "traditional": "郵局 ",
            "pinyin": "yóujú",
            "translation": "bureau de poste ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "游览 ",
            "traditional": "遊覽 ",
            "pinyin": "yóulǎn",
            "translation": "aller faire du tourisme / faire le tour / visiter ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "犹豫 ",
            "traditional": "猶豫 ",
            "pinyin": "yóuyù",
            "translation": "hésiter ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "油炸 ",
            "traditional": "油炸 ",
            "pinyin": "yóuzhá",
            "translation": "frire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "有利 ",
            "traditional": "有利 ",
            "pinyin": "yǒulì",
            "translation": "avantageux / avoir des avantages / favorable ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "幼儿园 ",
            "traditional": "幼兒園 ",
            "pinyin": "yòuéryuán",
            "translation": "maternelle / l’école maternelle / jardin d’enfants ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "娱乐 ",
            "traditional": "娛樂 ",
            "pinyin": "yúlè",
            "translation": "divertir / amuser / divertissements / loisirs / amusement / passe-temps / plaisir / joie ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "与 ",
            "traditional": "與 ",
            "pinyin": "yǔ",
            "translation": "donner / d’air / s’entendre avec / et / avec ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "与其 ",
            "traditional": "與其 ",
            "pinyin": "yǔqí",
            "translation": "plutôt que … / 与其 A 不如 B (plutôt que A / B est mieux) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "语气 ",
            "traditional": "語氣 ",
            "pinyin": "yǔqì",
            "translation": "ton / manière parler / d’humeur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "宇宙 ",
            "traditional": "宇宙 ",
            "pinyin": "yǔzhòu",
            "translation": "univers / cosmos ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "预报 ",
            "traditional": "預報 ",
            "pinyin": "yùbào",
            "translation": "prévision ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "预订 ",
            "traditional": "預訂 ",
            "pinyin": "yùdìng",
            "translation": "passer une commande / réserver à l’avance ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "预防 ",
            "traditional": "預防 ",
            "pinyin": "yùfáng",
            "translation": "empêcher / prendre des précautions contre / protéger / se prémunir contre / précaution / prophylactique ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "玉米 ",
            "traditional": "玉米 ",
            "pinyin": "yùmǐ",
            "translation": "maïs ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "元旦 ",
            "traditional": "元旦 ",
            "pinyin": "yuándàn",
            "translation": "Jour de l’An ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "缘故 ",
            "traditional": "緣故 ",
            "pinyin": "yuángù",
            "translation": "raison / cause ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "原料 ",
            "traditional": "原料 ",
            "pinyin": "yuánliào",
            "translation": "matière première ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "原则 ",
            "traditional": "原則 ",
            "pinyin": "yuánzé",
            "translation": "principe / doctrine ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "愿望 ",
            "traditional": "願望 ",
            "pinyin": "yuànwàng",
            "translation": "désir ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "晕 ",
            "traditional": "暈 ",
            "pinyin": "yūn",
            "translation": "confus / étourdi / faible / évanouissement / perte de conscience / tomber dans les pommes ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "运气 ",
            "traditional": "運氣 ",
            "pinyin": "yùnqi",
            "translation": "chance (bonne ou mauvaise) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "运输 ",
            "traditional": "運輸 ",
            "pinyin": "yùnshū",
            "translation": "transport / transit ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "运用 ",
            "traditional": "運用 ",
            "pinyin": "yùnyòng",
            "translation": "utiliser / mettre à profit ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "灾害 ",
            "traditional": "災害 ",
            "pinyin": "zāihài",
            "translation": "dommages catastrophiques / fléau ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "再三 ",
            "traditional": "再三 ",
            "pinyin": "zàisān",
            "translation": "maintes et maintes fois / encore et encore ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "赞成 ",
            "traditional": "贊成 ",
            "pinyin": "zànchéng",
            "translation": "approuver ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "赞美 ",
            "traditional": "讚美 ",
            "pinyin": "zànměi",
            "translation": "admirer / applaudir / louange / faire l’éloge ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "脏 ",
            "traditional": "髒 ",
            "pinyin": "zāng",
            "translation": "sale ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "糟糕 ",
            "traditional": "糟糕 ",
            "pinyin": "zāogāo",
            "translation": "dommage / c’est terrible / malchance / terrible / mauvais ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "造成 ",
            "traditional": "造成 ",
            "pinyin": "zàochéng",
            "translation": "provoquer / créer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "则 ",
            "traditional": "則 ",
            "pinyin": "zé",
            "translation": "(conjointement utilisé pour exprimer le contraste avec une phrase précédente ou la clause / standard) / norme / règle / d’imiter / suivre / puis / principe ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "责备 ",
            "traditional": "責備 ",
            "pinyin": "zébèi",
            "translation": "blâmer / critiquer qqun ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "摘 ",
            "traditional": "摘 ",
            "pinyin": "zhāi",
            "translation": "prendre / emprunter / choisir (fleurs / fruits etc) / arracher / choisir  / éliminer / ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "粘贴 ",
            "traditional": "粘貼 ",
            "pinyin": "zhāntiē",
            "translation": "s’en tenir à / apposer / adhérer / coller (comme dans couper / copier et coller) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "展开 ",
            "traditional": "展開 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǎnkāi",
            "translation": "dérouler / effectuer / être en plein essor / lancer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "展览 ",
            "traditional": "展覽 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǎnlǎn",
            "translation": "mettre sur affichage / exposer / exposition / spectacle ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "占线 ",
            "traditional": "佔線 ",
            "pinyin": "zhànxiàn",
            "translation": "occupé (téléphone) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "战争 ",
            "traditional": "戰爭 ",
            "pinyin": "zhànzhēng",
            "translation": "guerre / conflit ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "涨 ",
            "traditional": "漲 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǎng",
            "translation": "augmenter (prix / cours d’eau) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "掌握 ",
            "traditional": "掌握 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǎngwò",
            "translation": "saisir (souvent fig.) / comprendre et savoir qqch / bien savoir comment utiliser / aisance / saisir (initiative / occasion) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "账户 ",
            "traditional": "賬戶 ",
            "pinyin": "zhànghù",
            "translation": "compte bancaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "招待 ",
            "traditional": "招待 ",
            "pinyin": "zhāodài",
            "translation": "recevoir (les clients) / divertir / réception ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "着凉 ",
            "traditional": "着涼 ",
            "pinyin": "zháoliáng",
            "translation": "attraper froid ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "照常 ",
            "traditional": "照常 ",
            "pinyin": "zhàocháng",
            "translation": "(entreprise / etc) business quotidien ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "召开 ",
            "traditional": "召開 ",
            "pinyin": "zhàokāi",
            "translation": "convoquer (conférence ou réunion) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "哲学 ",
            "traditional": "哲學 ",
            "pinyin": "zhéxué",
            "translation": "philosophie ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "针对 ",
            "traditional": "針對 ",
            "pinyin": "zhēnduì",
            "translation": "être dirigé contre / viser / contrer la lumière / en liaison avec ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "真理 ",
            "traditional": "真理 ",
            "pinyin": "zhēnlǐ",
            "translation": "vérité ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "真实 ",
            "traditional": "真實 ",
            "pinyin": "zhēnshí",
            "translation": "vrai / réel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "珍惜 ",
            "traditional": "珍惜 ",
            "pinyin": "zhēnxī",
            "translation": "trésor valeur / chérir / Taiwan (zhēn xí) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "诊断 ",
            "traditional": "診斷 ",
            "pinyin": "zhěnduàn",
            "translation": "diagnostic / diagnostiquer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "枕头 ",
            "traditional": "枕頭 ",
            "pinyin": "zhěntou",
            "translation": "oreiller ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "阵 ",
            "traditional": "陣 ",
            "pinyin": "zhèn",
            "translation": "vague / disposition des troupes par vague / rafale / sort / courte période temps ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "振动 ",
            "traditional": "振動 ",
            "pinyin": "zhèndòng",
            "translation": "vibration ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "睁 ",
            "traditional": "睜 ",
            "pinyin": "zhēng",
            "translation": "ouvrir (oeil) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "争论 ",
            "traditional": "爭論 ",
            "pinyin": "zhēnglùn",
            "translation": "faire valoir au débat / composer / argument / discorde / controverse / débat ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "征求 ",
            "traditional": "徵求 ",
            "pinyin": "zhēngqiú",
            "translation": "solliciter / rechercher / demander (opinions) / adresser des pétitions ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "争取 ",
            "traditional": "爭取 ",
            "pinyin": "zhēngqǔ",
            "translation": "se battre pour / lutter pour / gagner plus ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "整个 ",
            "traditional": "整個 ",
            "pinyin": "zhěnggè",
            "translation": "ensemble / total ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "整体 ",
            "traditional": "整體 ",
            "pinyin": "zhěngtǐ",
            "translation": "entité dans son ensemble / corps tout entier / synthèse / dans son ensemble (situation / la construction d’équipe / etc) / global / macrocosme / intégrante / holistique / toute ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "正 ",
            "traditional": "正 ",
            "pinyin": "zhèng",
            "translation": "debout / situé au centre (temps ou figure) exactement / correct / (goût) pur ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "政策 ",
            "traditional": "政策 ",
            "pinyin": "zhèngcè",
            "translation": "politique ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "政府 ",
            "traditional": "政府 ",
            "pinyin": "zhèngfǔ",
            "translation": "gouvernement ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "证件 ",
            "traditional": "證件 ",
            "pinyin": "zhèngjiàn",
            "translation": "paperasse / informations d’identité ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "证据 ",
            "traditional": "證據 ",
            "pinyin": "zhèngjù",
            "translation": "preuve / témoignage ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "挣钱 ",
            "traditional": "掙錢 ",
            "pinyin": "zhèngqián",
            "translation": "gagner de l’argent ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "政治 ",
            "traditional": "政治 ",
            "pinyin": "zhèngzhì",
            "translation": "politique / administration ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "支 ",
            "traditional": "支 ",
            "pinyin": "zhī",
            "translation": "soutenir / droite / élever / branche / division / retirer de l’argent / nom de famille Zhi ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "知道 ",
            "traditional": "知道 ",
            "pinyin": "zhīdào",
            "translation": "savoir / être conscient ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "支票 ",
            "traditional": "支票 ",
            "pinyin": "zhīpiào",
            "translation": "vérifier (banque) / chèque ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "直 ",
            "traditional": "直 ",
            "pinyin": "zhí",
            "translation": "droite / redresser / juste et raisonnable / franc / simple / (indique un mouvement continu ou action) / vertical / trait vertical vers le bas en caractères chinois ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "执行 ",
            "traditional": "執行 ",
            "pinyin": "zhíxíng",
            "translation": "mettre en œuvre / réaliser / exécuter et organiser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "执照 ",
            "traditional": "執照 ",
            "pinyin": "zhízhào",
            "translation": "licence / permis ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "指导 ",
            "traditional": "指導 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǐdǎo",
            "translation": "guider / donner des directives / direct / entraîneur / orientation / frais de scolarité ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "指挥 ",
            "traditional": "指揮 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǐhuī",
            "translation": "exercer / commandement / chef d’orchestre ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "制定 ",
            "traditional": "制定 ",
            "pinyin": "zhìdìng",
            "translation": "élaborer / formuler ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "制度 ",
            "traditional": "制度 ",
            "pinyin": "zhìdù",
            "translation": "système (politique / administratif) / institution ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "智慧 ",
            "traditional": "智慧 ",
            "pinyin": "zhìhuì",
            "translation": "sagesse / connaissance / intelligent / intelligence ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "至今 ",
            "traditional": "至今 ",
            "pinyin": "zhìjīn",
            "translation": "jusqu’ici ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "治疗 ",
            "traditional": "治療 ",
            "pinyin": "zhìliáo",
            "translation": "traiter / guérir / traitement médical ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "秩序 ",
            "traditional": "秩序 ",
            "pinyin": "zhìxù",
            "translation": "ordre (séquence) / ordre social / état (société) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "至于 ",
            "traditional": "至於 ",
            "pinyin": "zhìyú",
            "translation": "que pour / comme / aller jusqu’à ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "志愿者 ",
            "traditional": "志願者 ",
            "pinyin": "zhìyuànzhě",
            "translation": "bénévole ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "制作 ",
            "traditional": "製作 ",
            "pinyin": "zhìzuò",
            "translation": "faire / fabrication ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "钟 ",
            "traditional": "鍾 ",
            "pinyin": "zhōng",
            "translation": "horloge / heures / temps mesuré en heures et minutes / cloche ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "中介 ",
            "traditional": "中介 ",
            "pinyin": "zhōngjiè",
            "translation": "agir en tant qu’intermédiaire / relier / intermédiaire / entre / agence / agent ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "中心 ",
            "traditional": "中心 ",
            "pinyin": "zhōngxīn",
            "translation": "centre / coeur ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "中旬 ",
            "traditional": "中旬 ",
            "pinyin": "zhōngxún",
            "translation": "tiers médian d’un mois ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "重 ",
            "traditional": "重 ",
            "pinyin": "zhòng",
            "translation": "lourd / grave ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "重量 ",
            "traditional": "重量 ",
            "pinyin": "zhòngliàng",
            "translation": "poids ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "周到 ",
            "traditional": "周到 ",
            "pinyin": "zhōudao",
            "translation": "pensif / prévenant / attentif / minutieux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "逐步 ",
            "traditional": "逐步 ",
            "pinyin": "zhúbù",
            "translation": "progressivement / pas à pas ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "竹子 ",
            "traditional": "竹子 ",
            "pinyin": "zhúzi",
            "translation": "bambou ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "煮 ",
            "traditional": "煮 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǔ",
            "translation": "cuisiner / faire bouillir ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "主持 ",
            "traditional": "主持 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǔchí",
            "translation": "prendre en charge / gérer / présider / faire respecter / reposer (justice) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "嘱咐 ",
            "traditional": "囑咐 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǔfù",
            "translation": "exhorter / injonction ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "主观 ",
            "traditional": "主觀 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǔguān",
            "translation": "subjectif ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "主人 ",
            "traditional": "主人 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǔrén",
            "translation": "hôte ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "主席 ",
            "traditional": "主席 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǔxí",
            "translation": "président / premier ministre ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "主张 ",
            "traditional": "主張 ",
            "pinyin": "zhǔzhāng",
            "translation": "défendre / reposer / vue / la position / stand / proposition / point de vue / assertion ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "注册 ",
            "traditional": "註冊 ",
            "pinyin": "zhùcè",
            "translation": "enregistrer / s’inscrire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "祝福 ",
            "traditional": "祝福 ",
            "pinyin": "zhùfú",
            "translation": "bénédictions / bonne chance ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "抓紧 ",
            "traditional": "抓緊 ",
            "pinyin": "zhuājǐn",
            "translation": "saisir fermement / accorder une attention particulière à  / se précipiter / tirer le meilleur parti ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "专家 ",
            "traditional": "專家 ",
            "pinyin": "zhuānjiā",
            "translation": "expert / spécialiste ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "专心 ",
            "traditional": "專心 ",
            "pinyin": "zhuānxīn",
            "translation": "se concentrer / absorption / concentration / absorbé ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "转变 ",
            "traditional": "轉變 ",
            "pinyin": "zhuǎnbiàn",
            "translation": "changement / transformation ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "转告 ",
            "traditional": "轉告 ",
            "pinyin": "zhuǎngào",
            "translation": "transmettre / communiquer / transmettre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "装 ",
            "traditional": "裝 ",
            "pinyin": "zhuāng",
            "translation": "parure / orner / robe / les vêtements / costumes (d’un acteur dans une pièce théâtre) / ​​jouer un rôle / faire semblant / installer / réparer / d’envelopper (qch dans un sac) / charger / d’emballer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "装饰 ",
            "traditional": "裝飾 ",
            "pinyin": "zhuāngshì",
            "translation": "décorer / décoration / décoratif / ornemental ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "状况 ",
            "traditional": "狀況 ",
            "pinyin": "zhuàngkuàng",
            "translation": "condition / état / situation ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "状态 ",
            "traditional": "狀態 ",
            "pinyin": "zhuàngtài",
            "translation": "état des choses / état / le mode / situation ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "追求 ",
            "traditional": "追求 ",
            "pinyin": "zhuīqiú",
            "translation": "poursuivre (un but / etc) avec entêtement / courir après / pour courtiser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "资格 ",
            "traditional": "資格 ",
            "pinyin": "zīgé",
            "translation": "qualifications ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "资金 ",
            "traditional": "資金 ",
            "pinyin": "zījīn",
            "translation": "fonds / financement en capital ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "资料 ",
            "traditional": "資料 ",
            "pinyin": "zīliào",
            "translation": "matériel / ressources / données / l’information / profil (Internet) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "姿势 ",
            "traditional": "姿勢 ",
            "pinyin": "zīshì",
            "translation": "posture / position ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "咨询 ",
            "traditional": "諮詢 ",
            "pinyin": "zīxún",
            "translation": "consulter / chercher des conseils / consultation / (chiffre d’affaires) enquête (formelle) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "资源 ",
            "traditional": "資源 ",
            "pinyin": "zīyuán",
            "translation": "ressources naturelles (comme l’eau) / ressources (telles que la main-d’œuvre ou le tourisme) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "紫 ",
            "traditional": "紫 ",
            "pinyin": "zǐ",
            "translation": "pourpre / violet / améthyste / erythrorhizon Lithospermum (plantes fleurs dont la racine est rouge pourpre,) / japonais: murasaki ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "自从 ",
            "traditional": "自從 ",
            "pinyin": "zìcóng",
            "translation": "puis (un temps) / puis ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "自动 ",
            "traditional": "自動 ",
            "pinyin": "zìdòng",
            "translation": "automatique / volontairement ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "自豪 ",
            "traditional": "自豪 ",
            "pinyin": "zìháo",
            "translation": "(sentiment de) fierté / être fier de qqch (dans le bon sens) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "自觉 ",
            "traditional": "自覺 ",
            "pinyin": "zìjué",
            "translation": "conscient / sur sa propre initiative / consciencieux ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "字幕 ",
            "traditional": "字幕 ",
            "pinyin": "zìmù",
            "translation": "légende / sous-titres ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "自私 ",
            "traditional": "自私 ",
            "pinyin": "zìsī",
            "translation": "égoïste / égoïsme ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "自信 ",
            "traditional": "自信 ",
            "pinyin": "zìxìn",
            "translation": "confiance / confiance en soi ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "自由 ",
            "traditional": "自由 ",
            "pinyin": "zìyóu",
            "translation": "liberté / libre / liberté ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "自愿 ",
            "traditional": "自願 ",
            "pinyin": "zìyuàn",
            "translation": "volontaire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "综合 ",
            "traditional": "綜合 ",
            "pinyin": "zōnghé",
            "translation": "complet / composite / synthétisé / pour résumer / intégrer / synthétiser ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "宗教 ",
            "traditional": "宗教 ",
            "pinyin": "zōngjiào",
            "translation": "religion ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "总裁 ",
            "traditional": "總裁 ",
            "pinyin": "zǒngcái",
            "translation": "président / directeur général (d’une entreprise / etc) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "总共 ",
            "traditional": "總共 ",
            "pinyin": "zǒnggòng",
            "translation": "tout à fait / en somme / dans l’ensemble / soit au total ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "总理 ",
            "traditional": "總理 ",
            "pinyin": "zǒnglǐ",
            "translation": "chef de gouvernement / Premier ministre ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "总算 ",
            "traditional": "總算 ",
            "pinyin": "zǒngsuàn",
            "translation": "moins longtemps / enfin / sur l’ensemble ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "总统 ",
            "traditional": "總統 ",
            "pinyin": "zǒngtǒng",
            "translation": "Président (d’un Etat) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "总之 ",
            "traditional": "總之 ",
            "pinyin": "zǒngzhī",
            "translation": "en un mot / bref / en bref ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "祖国 ",
            "traditional": "祖國 ",
            "pinyin": "zǔguó",
            "translation": "patrie / utilisé pour RPC ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "组合 ",
            "traditional": "組合 ",
            "pinyin": "zǔhé",
            "translation": "assembler / combinaison / combinatoire ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "祖先 ",
            "traditional": "祖先 ",
            "pinyin": "zǔxiān",
            "translation": "ancêtre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "阻止 ",
            "traditional": "阻止 ",
            "pinyin": "zǔzhǐ",
            "translation": "prévenir / bloquer ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "醉 ",
            "traditional": "醉 ",
            "pinyin": "zuì",
            "translation": "ivre ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "最初 ",
            "traditional": "最初 ",
            "pinyin": "zuìchū",
            "translation": "premier  / primaire / initiale ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "罪犯 ",
            "traditional": "罪犯 ",
            "pinyin": "zuìfàn",
            "translation": "criminel ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "尊敬 ",
            "traditional": "尊敬 ",
            "pinyin": "zūnjìng",
            "translation": "respect / révérer (quelqu’un) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "遵守 ",
            "traditional": "遵守 ",
            "pinyin": "zūnshǒu",
            "translation": "respecter / respecter (un accord) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "作品 ",
            "traditional": "作品 ",
            "pinyin": "zuòpǐn",
            "translation": "travailler ( l’art) / opus ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "作为 ",
            "traditional": "作爲 ",
            "pinyin": "zuòwéi",
            "translation": "conduite / acte / activité / accomplissement / réalisation / pour agir en tant que / comme / pour voir que / regarder (qqch comme) ",
            "classifier": "",
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "[sound:$$]",
            "origin": "Chinwa"
        },
        {
            "hanzi": "作文 ",
            "traditional": "作文 ",
            "pinyin": "zuòwén",
            "translation": "écrire un essai / composition (dissertation) ",
            "classifier": null,
            "lesson": "HSK5",
            "sound": "",
            "origin": ""
        }
    ]
}
