Chūjí Dì Shíjiǔ Kè

Grammar

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1. Number:
Like Chinese verbs, Chinese nouns do not differentiate between singular and plural. 
Thus English“ a book”and“ books”is expressed same as 书 in Chinese.

2. Structural particle 的:
The structural particle ao indicates that the word or phrase preceding it functions 
as an attributive which defines or modifies the noun or noun phrase that comes after 
it. For example:
	
	好的车		hǎo de chē		good cars
	很忙的大夫	hěn máng de dàifu	a very busy doctor	
	我的爸 爸	         wǒ de baba		my father
	她妈妈的书	tā mama de shū          her mom’s books

In general, the particle ao  comes in as a link marker between the modifier and the 
noun or the noun phrase modified. But, there are some cases in which o is optional:

A. Where personal pronouns modify words denoting people in close relationship to them:

	她(   )爸爸	     Tā(   )bàba		her father
	我们(   )哥哥	    Wǒmen(  )gēge	our older brother
	你(   )朋友 	   Nǐ(   )péngyou 	your friends
	
BB.	Where monosyllabic adjectives modify nouns or noun phrases:

   好(   )哥哥	  hǎo(   )gēge   good older brother
   好(   )车	  hǎo(   )chē	 good cars

There are some other cases, which we’ll discuss in the lessons to come.	

3.	The classificatory verb 是:
The verb 是  acts as a link between the subject and a description of it-usually 
a way of identifying it. For instance:

	他是大夫。	Tā shì dàifu. 	He is a doctor.

To negate   是 use 不:

	她不是我妈妈。	Tā bú shì wǒ māma. She is not my mom.

To form a simple question, you just add interrogative particle ?U  at the end of 
a statement:

	这是你的车吗?	Zhè shì nǐ de chē ma?	Is this your car?  

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