Chūjí Dì Shíbā Kè

Grammar

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1. More about measure words:
Consider the following sentence from the dialogue 我 给 小 丁 留 个 话 , 好 吗 ? 
Before the measure word 个  the  numeral 一 is understood。 The sentence can go 
like this: 我 给 小 丁 留 一 个 话 , 好 吗 ? 
The numeral 一  can often be omitted before the measure word 个 , and sometimes 
before other measure words as well.

2. Passive voice:
English has a specialized inflectional form for the passive voice of a verb. 
It is used when the subject of a sentence or clause represents something that 
is acted on.  There are several ways of expressing an equivalent meaning in 
Chinese. One is simply to invert a verb-object phrase to produce a sentence 
in the passive voice. For example:
1) Sentence:   我要做作业 。 	Wŏyào zuò zuòyè.     I need to do the homework.
Transform:  作 业 要 做 。	Zuòyè yào zuò.	The homework needs to be done.
Some more examples:
2) 老 师 说 这 课 不 教 。  Lăoshī shuō zhè kè bù jiāo. 
The teacher said this lesson wouldn’t be covered.
3)  这 个 汉 字 也 要 写 吗 ? 	Zhègè Hànzì yĕ yào xiĕ ma?
Should this character be written?
	
3. The expression of 有 的 ....有 的 .....:
The indefinite pronoun 有 的 , which means “some” in English, can be used as a  
subject in a sentence. For example:
4) 有 的 喜 欢 喝 茶 。 	Yŏude xĭhuān hēchá.	Some like to drink tea.
5) 有 的 坐 车 去 实 验 室 。 	Yŏude zuò chē qù shìyànshi.
                  Some went to the lab by car.
When two or more one clauses each introduced by 有 的 , are strung together, we 
term the pattern alternative construction. In this construction, each clause led 
by 有 的  expresses a possible outcome or course of action with respect to some 
choice or some undertaking. For instance:
6) 阅 览 室 有 很 多 人 。 有 的 看 书 , 有 的 找 资 料  。 
Yuèlănshì yŏu hĕnduō rén. Yŏude kàn shū yŏude zhăo zīliào.
There are a lot of people in the reading room. Some are reading; some are  looking 
for informational material.
7) 我 们 班 有 二 十 个 学 生 。 有 的 是 华 裔 美 国 人 , 有 的 是 美 国 黑  人 , 有 的 
是 美 国 白 人 。 
Wŏmen bān yŏu èrshì gè xuéshēng. Yŏude shì huáyī Mĕiguórén, yŏude shì Mĕiguó hēirén,
yŏude shì Mĕiguó báirén.
There are twenty students in our class. Some are Chinese Americans; some are black    
Americans; and some are white Americans.

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