Chinese Words Pinyin Part of Speech Engl. Trans. Examples ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 岱 dài n. used for person's name 上古 shàngg adj. ancient 典型 diănxìng adj. typical 始终 shĭzhōng n. from beginning to end 居于 jūy v. to be (in a certain position) 前列 qiánli n. front row/rank, forefront 促进 cùjìn v. to promote, to accelerate 变革 biàng n. reform 突飞猛进 tūfēi-mĕngjìn set phrase to advance by leaps and bounds 落後 luòhòu adj. backward 列强 lièqiáng n. great powers 侵略 qīnl□ v. to invade 欺凌 qīlìng n. to bully, to mistreat 发愤图强 fāfèn-túqiáng set phrase to work with a will to make something (e.g., country) strong 艰苦 jiānk adj. arduous 奋斗 fèndòu v. to struggle, to fight 救亡图存 jiùwáng-túcún set phrase to save country from extinction 日益 rìy adv. increasingly 表明 biăomìng v. to make known, to indicate 孕育 yùny v. to be pregnant with, to breed 实验 shìyàn n. experiment, test 民主 mìnzh n. democracy 制度 zhìd n. system, institution 揭示 jiésh v. to reveal, to bring to light 改造 găizào v. to transform, to reform 倾向 qìngxiàng n. tendency 全盘 quánpán adj. total, complete 全盘西化 quánpán-xīhu set phrase complete Westernization 反对 făndu v. to oppose to 优越 yōuyu adj. superior, outstanding 胡适之 H? Shìzh n. 胡适 (1891-1926), leading intellectual, philosopher, exponent of vernacular writing 梁漱溟 Liáng Shùmìng n. 1893-1986, philosopher, prominent leader in rural construction movement 口号 kŏuhào n. slogan 综合 zōngh adj. comprehensive 培养 péiyăng v to nurture, to cultivate 充分 chōngfèn adj. full, ample 发扬 fāyáng v. to develop, to carry on 批判 pīpàn v to criticize 继承 jìchéng v to inherit, to carry on 发扬光大 fāyáng-guāngd set phrase to carry forward, to enhance 简要 jiănyào adj. concise and to the point, brief 长篇大论 chángpiān-dàlùn set phrase lengthy speech/article 短长 duăncháng n. shortcomings and advantages 论证 lùnzhèng v to expound and prove 欠缺 qiànqu v to lack, to be short of 意蕴 yìyùn n. implication 废话 fèihu n. superfluous words, nonsense 设身处地 shèshēn-chŭd set phrase to put oneself in somebody else's position 超越 chāoyu v to exceed 好学 hàoxu adj. studious 深思 shēns v. to ponder deeply 弘扬 hóngyáng v. to develop, to carry on 简言之 jiănyánzh set phrase to put it short 高度 gāod adj. high 思维 sīwéi n. thoughts 器官 qìguān n. organ 禽兽 qìnshòu n. animals 自觉 zìju v. to be conscious/aware 他律 tāl n. constrain from others 服从 fúcóng v. to obey 管束 guănsh v. to restrain, to control 自律 zìl n. self-discipline 同归于尽 tónggu?yújìn set phrase to end in common ruin 残杀 cánsh v. to kill ruthlessly 持续 chìx adv. continuously 知之甚少 zhīzh? shènshăo set phrase to know very little 归属 guīsh v. to belong to 百科 băik n. encyclopedia 力求 lìqi v. to do one's best, to strive for 涵盖 hán'gài v. to cover, to include 提供 tìgòng v. to provide 序言 xùyán n. preface