II. What can serve as a complement of result?

As seen earlier, the complement of result for sensory action verbs indicating perception is the verb jiàn (perceive). If the result focuses on comprehension, the complement would be the verb dǒng (understand). So 'understand what one hears ' would be tīngdǒng 听懂 and 'understand what one sees or reads ' would be kàndǒng 看懂.

If the result focuses on completion, the complement would use the verb wán (finish). So 'finish listening ' would be tīngwán 听完 and 'finish seeing or reading ' would be kànwán 看完.

These examples show that a variety of verbs can be suffixed to a verb to indicate a particular resultative aspect of an action. In addition, commendatory stative verbs can be used as complements indicating intended results while derogatory stative verbs are used for unintended results.

For example, duì is a stative verb meaning 'correct ' and cuò is one meaning 'wrong '. So 'write correctly ' is xiěduì 写对 while 'write incorrectly ' is xiěcuò 写错. Duì is the intended result while cuò is not.