I
|
ANY/EVERY (WHERE)
|
ALL
|
NOT GO.
Are there any differences in word order between the constructions of 什么…都…, 谁都… and哪儿都…?
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The word order in all these constructions is the same, but there are differences in the way that things are indicated. A noun is often used to specify什么, as in 什么人都… shénme rén dōu anybody…, 什么东西都… shénme dōngxi dōu anything… or 什么菜都… shénme cài dōu any kind of food... The word 什么 shénme any in these constructions has a similar meaning to the adjective 任何 rènhé any, which is also followed by a noun, as in 任何人rènhé rén anybody, 任何东西rènhé dōngxi anything, and 任何菜rènhé cài any kind of food. However, 谁shuí anybody or 哪儿nǎr anywhere refers to a person or a place, so there is no additional noun needed to specify 谁 shuí and 哪儿nǎr.
What is the difference in meaning between using 任何, 所有的and these constructions?
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任何rènhé any and 所有的 suŏyŏude every/all expressions are followed by都 dōu (but not也yĕ). 任何rènhé any can be used in a similar way to the sentence constructions above, with a noun being placed after 任何 rènhé any, as in
wŏ
我
|
rènhé dōngxi / shénme dōngxi
任何东西/什么东西
|
dōu
都
|
chī
吃>。
|
I
|
ANY/EVERY (THING)
|
ALL
|
EAT.
I eat anything.
rènhén rén /shénme rén
任何 人/什 么人
|
dōu
都
|
shuō
说
|
Zhōngguó fàn hăo
中 国 饭 好>。
|
ANY/EVERY (BODY)
|
ALL
|
SAY
|
CHINESE FOOD GOOD.
Everybody says that Chinese food is good.
wŏ
我
|
rènhé dìfang / shénme dìfang
任何地方/什 么 地方
|
dōu
都
|
búqù
不去>。
|
I
|
ANY/EVERY (WHERE)
|
ALL
|
NOT GO.
I don’t go anywhere.
However, unlike任何rènhé, sometimes什么 shénme does not necessarily need a specified noun. For example, 我什么都吃 wŏ shénme dōu chī I eat anything. 我什么都看wǒ shénme dōu kàn I read anything/ I watch anything.
The general principle for forming these sentences is the same: the adverbs 都or 也should be placed before verbs and stative verbs. Please see the following word order possibilities in sentences using 比and 把.
The following sentence demonstrates a construction where谁都shéi dōu forms the subject.
1.
s
|
都
|
比
|
o
|
sv
|
谁
|
dōu
都
|
比
|
他
|
好
|
ANY/EVERY (BODY)
|
ALL
|
COMPARE
|
HIM
|
BETTER
Anybody is better than him.
The following sentence demonstrates a construction where哪儿都 nǎr dōu forms the object.
2.
s
|
比
|
o
|
都
|
sv
|
zhèr
这儿
|
比
|
哪儿
|
dōu
都
|
好
|
HERE
|
COMPARE
|
ANY/EVERY (WHERE)
|
ALL
|
BETTER
Here is better than anywhere else.
If the construction forms the subject of a sentence, as demonstrated in example 1, 都 dōu is placed before比 bĭ, and if it forms the object of a sentence, as in example 2, 都 dōu is placed before the stative verb.
Let’s see how these constructions are used to compare actions. The construction forms the object of the sentence in examples 3 and 3b.
3.
s (topic)
|
比
|
o
|
都
|
verb phrase
|
他说中 文
|
比
|
谁
|
dōu
都
|
说 得流利
|
HE SPEAKS CHINESE
|
COMPARE
|
ANY/EVERY (BODY)
|
ALL
|
SPEAK DE FLUENTLY
He speaks Chinese more fluently than anybody.
3b.
s (topic)
|
v (complement of degree)
|
比
|
o
|
都 adverb
|
他说中 文
|
说 得
|
比
|
谁
|
dōu 都 流利
|
HE SPEAKS CHINESE
|
SPEAK DE
|
COMPARE
|
ANY/EVERY (BODY)
|
ALL FLUENTLY
Please also see the notes on the ‘complement of degree’ construction.
The construction forms the subject of the sentence in examples 4 and 5.
4.
s
|
都
|
比
|
o
|
verb phrase
|
谁
|
dōu
都
|
比
|
他
|
说 中 文 说 得 流利
|
ANY/EVERY (BODY)
|
ALL
|
COMPARE
|
HIM
|
SPEAKS CHINESE SPEAK DE FLUENTLY
Anybody can speak Chinese more fluently than he does.
5.
topic
|
s
|
都
|
比
|
o
|
verb phrase
|
说 中 文
|
谁
dōu
都
|
比
|
他
说 得 流利
|
SPEAKS CHINESE
|
ANY/EVERY (BODY)
|
ALL
|
COMPARE
|
HIM
|
SPEAK DE FLUENTLY
We can see a common feature in the example sentences, which is that the adverb 都dōu is always placed after the interrogative 把.
1.
s
|
把
|
o
|
都
|
verb phrase
|
他
把
|
shì
什么 事
|
dōu
都
|
作 好 了
|
HE
|
BA
|
ANY/EVERY (THING)
|
ALL
|
DO COMPLETE LE
He has done everything.
2.
s
|
都
|
neg/mv
|
把
|
dir. o
|
v
|
indir. o
|
谁
|
dōu/yĕ
都/也
|
不想
|
把
|
这 件事
|
告诉
|
她
|
ANY/EVERY (BODY)
|
ALL
|
NOT INTEND
|
BA
|
THIS JIAN MATTER
|
TELL
|
HER
Nobody wants to tell her about this matter.
As with the 比 bĭ construction, if the XX都construction forms the subject of a sentence, as in example 2, 都dōu all is placed before把bǎ; while if XX都construction forms the object of a sentence, as in example 1, 都dōu all is placed before the main verb.
Click here for the answers
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- I have been looking everywhere, but I still can’t find my shirts.
- Xiao Wang is both pretty and friendly, so everybody wants to be her friend.
- I am so tired that I don’t want to go anywhere this evening.
- My brother’s classmate can learn languages more quickly than anyone.
- He hasn’t bought any new clothes this year.
- Whatever you say, it’s no good! He won’t listen to anything.
- Xiao Li spends all his time at home studying and he won’t go out anywhere.
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>
- > 问了 都 谁, 不知道 谁 都 可是 上海 在哪儿.
- > 都 能 哪儿 找到.
- > 用电脑 都 会 在我们大学.
- > 爱 吃 中国饭 什么人.
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