字	解釋
	雖	Moveable adverb
		In front of VP = “Although”
		In front of NP = “Even”
	乃	Adverb
		In Verbal S = “Then” “Only then”
		In Nominal S = “Actually” “Turns out to be”
	焉	Fusion Particle
		= 之 + 於
		Interrogative Adverb
		= "how, where, what"
	而	Connector
		Connects two VP or S, either co-ordinately or subordinately
	卽	Adverb
		In Verbal S = “Then, Immediately”
		In Nominal S = “Is precisely, exactly”
		Verb
		= “Approach, go to”
		“卽位” = “assume the throne”
	乎	Final Particle
		= Rhetorical meaning e.g. “How essential it is to rectify names”
		= Question mark, like 嗎
		= Emphasis marker
		Coverb
		= 於 (all-purpose preposition)
	所	Nominalizing particle
		Replaces object, goes before VP, result is NP = “that which...”
		“所以” = “the way in which...”
		= 所 + 於
	矣	Final Particle
		= Indicating completed action
		= Indicating change of state, sometimes in if... then sentences
	諸	Modifier
		= “All the...”, “All the various...”
	其	Possessive particle, Nominalizing Particle
		= Sub + 之, result is NP n.b. can be impersonal - translated as 'the'
		Adverb
		Casts mood of query
	之	Possessive particle, Nominalizing Particle
		Showing adjunct-head relationship of two elements, result is NP
		Verb
		= “To go to...”
		Resuming Particle
		[Obj + 之 + Verb] Emphasizes Object
	非	Negative Copula
		In nominal Sentences = “is not”
		Movable Adverb
		Before VP = “unless”
		Before NP = “only”
		Stative Verb
		= ‘To be wrong’ (often as opposed to 是)
		Verb
		= ‘To reject’
	也	Final Particle
		i.e. A term, B term 也
		Emphasis marker
		can mark off verb or topic
	以	Coverb
		1. = “with”, “by means of”, “using”
		2. = “because of”
		3. = 以 + 之
		4. used with transfer verb
		5. used with position word
		6. used in compounds: 可以 , 以為 , 是以 , 所以 , 足以 , 何以
		Connector
		Connects two VPs = “in order to”, “and”
		Noun
		= “means, purpose”
	為	Verb (wei2)
		1. = “to do”, “to make” (most common), “to act as”, “to constitute”, “to become”
		2. used in 為...奈何
		3. used in compounds: 以為
		4. = “to be”
		5. = “to give” (fairly rare)
		Coverb (wei4)
		1. = “on behalf of”, “for the sake of”
		2. = “about to”
		3. = “in relation to”, “for”
		Verb (wei4)
		= “to be because of”
	不	Adverb
		Negates VPs
		Fusion Particle
		= 不 + 之
	與	(Interrogative) Fusion Particle
		= 也 + 乎
		Coverb
		= “together with”, “and”
	莫	Adverb
		= “in no case”
	何	Interrogative pronoun
		= “what, why, where, how”
		n.b. always preposed, can be used as subject, object, adjunct, or adverb
	者	Nominalizing particle
		Nominalizes VP
		-          Finite, often with the sense of “one who....”
		-          Infinite, “doing x”
		Final Particle
		Marks off end of 所 nominalization
	於	Coverb
		‘All purpose preposition’ = “In relation to”
		於 coverb phrases usually come after the main VP
		Can be used in comparitives = “than”
	且	Movable Adverb
		= “Furthermore”, “moreover”
		Adverb
		= “Be going to”
	則	Noun
		= “principle”, “pattern”, “rule”, “model”
		Movable adverb
		= “if... then”
		Emphasis marker
		Emphasizes non-verbal element such as NP
	故	Movable adverb
		= “thus”
		Adverb
		= “background circumstances”, “reason”
		Stative Verb
		= “old, former”
	亦	Adverb
		= “for its part”, “also”, “as for...”
		used in [A 不亦 B 乎?]
	己	Pronoun
		= “себя”
	猶	Adverb
		Verbal Sentence: = “still”
		Nominal Sentence: = “be like, analogous to”
	如	Verb
		= “be like, similar to”
		used in 不如 = “not as good as”
		Movable adverb
		= “if”
	是	Pronoun, Adjunct
		= “this”
		Noun
		= “the right”
		Stative verb
		= “be right, consider right, approve”
	見	Verb
		= “To see”
		Passive marker
		Makes main verb passive