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<h1 id="lesson-4">Lesson 4</h1>
<p>In the fourth lesson we will learn about last names in China, and how to ask a person's last name. We will also cover some of the naming culture in China.</p>
<h2 id="common-last-names-with-social-titles.">Common last names with social titles.</h2>
<code><ul><li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">李 Lǐ Lee </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">李先生 Lǐ xiānsheng Mr. Lee </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">李小姐 Lǐ xiǎojiě Ms. Lee </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">王 Wáng Wang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">王先生 Wáng xiānsheng Mr. Wang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">王小姐 Wáng xiǎojiě Ms. Wang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">张 Zhāng Zhang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">张先生 Zhāng xiānsheng Mr. Zhang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">张小姐 Zhāng xiǎojiě Ms. Zhang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">刘 Liú Liu </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">刘先生 Liú xiānsheng Mr. Liu </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">刘小姐 Liú xiǎojiě Ms. Liu</span><br/></li>
</ul></code><div><blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>[http://MP3/E100401.mp3 Listen to the MP3 (right click to save)]</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h3>Notes:</h3>
<p>The social title goes after the last name, not before it. So instead of saying "Mr. Zhang" you are actually saying "Zhang Mr."</p>
<p>刘 ''Liú'', 张 ''Zhāng'', 王 ''Wáng'', and 李 ''Lǐ'' are in the top 10 most popular surnames in China. 李 Lǐ is also in the top five most common surnames in South Korea.</p>
<p>As an added note, it is not common for wives to take their husband's family name when they marry. However, children are usually given their father's last name, although this is a bit more flexible than traditionally it was the West.</p>
<h3 id="vocabulary-point">Vocabulary point:</h3>
<p>先 ''xiān'' means "first", so 先生 ''xiānsheng'' can be translated directly as "first born". Note that the second character of 先生, 生 ''shēng, ''is pronounced as a neutral tone in 先生.</p>
<p>In other words, please note that the 生 ''shēng in'' ''xiānsheng'' doesn't have a line over it. That means that you should put more emphasis on the first syllable of the word, 先 ''xiān.''</p>
<h2 id="introductions---simple-formal">Introductions - simple formal</h2>
<code><ul><li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">A 您贵姓? Nín guì xìng? </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">B 我姓李。您贵姓? Wǒ xìng Lǐ. Nín guì xìng? </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">A 我姓张。 Wǒ xìng Zhāng.</span><br/></li>
</ul></code></div>
<div><h3 id="notes-1">Notes:</h3>
<p>您贵姓? ''Nín guì xìng?'' is a formal and polite way to ask another person's last name. 姓 ''xìng'' means "family name", and 贵 ''guì'' is an adjective modifying 姓 ''xìng ''that literally means "expensive". I 姓 ''xìng'' is analogous to the British English use of "dear" to mean both "expensive" and, well, "dear".</p>
<h2 id="full-chinese-names">Full Chinese Names"</h2>
<code><ul><li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">我姓李, 叫李雪。 Wǒ xìng Lǐ, jiào Lǐ Xuě. My name is Li Xue. </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">我姓王, 叫王军。Wǒ xìng Wáng, jiào Wáng Jūn. My name is Wang Jun. </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">她姓张, 叫张小鱼。Tā xìng Zhāng, jiào Zhāng Xiǎoyú. Her name is Zhang Xiaoyu. </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">他姓刘， 叫刘强国。Tā xìng Liú, jiào Liú Qiángguó. His name is Liu Qiangguo.</span><br/></li>
</ul></code></div>
<div><p>[http://MP3/E100403.mp3 Listen to the MP3 (right click to save)]</p>
<h2 id="common-last-names-with-professional-titles.">Common last names with professional titles.</h2>
<code><ul><li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">李 Lǐ Lee </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">李经理 Lǐ jīnglǐ Manager Lee </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">李老师 Lǐ lǎoshī Teacher Lee 王 Wáng Wang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">王经理 Wáng jīnglǐ Manager Wang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">王老师 Wáng lǎoshī Teacher Wang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">张 Zhāng Zhang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">张经理 Zhāng jīnglǐ Manager Zhang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">张老师 Zhāng lǎoshī Teacher Zhang </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">刘 Liú Liu </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">刘经理 Liú jīnglǐ Manager Liu </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">刘老师 Liú lǎoshī Teacher Liu</span><br/></li>
</ul></code></div>
<div><p>[http://MP3/E100404.mp3 Listen to the MP3 (right click to save)]</p>
<h3 id="notes-2">Notes:</h3>
<p>It is quite common in Chinese to use professional titles when addressing adults - in English, we really only do this with doctors, politicians, and people in the military. Bear in mind as well that the person's title comes after, not before the family name.</p>
<h2 id="hello-teacher---concept-and-vocabulary-review-dialogue">Hello teacher! - concept and vocabulary review dialogue</h2>
<code><ul><li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">马特: 老师， 您好！ Lǎoshī ，nín hǎo! </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">张老师: 你好！你是留学生吗？ Nǐ hǎo！ Nǐ shì liúxuéshēnɡ ma? </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">马特: 是，我是留学生。 Shì, wǒ shì liúxuéshēnɡ. </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">张老师: 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? </span><br/></li>
<li><span style="font-family: NotoSerif, serif;">马特: 我叫马特。 Wǒ jiào Mǎtè.</span><br/></li>
</ul></code></div>
<div><h2 id="exercises"> Exercises</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>Transcribe the characters below into pinyin</p>
<ul>
<li>贵</li>
<li>小姐</li>
<li>我</li>
<li>老师</li>
<li>经理</li>
<li>留学生</li>
<li>姓</li>
<li>叫</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Match the words with their translation 叫 teacher 老师 last name (surname) 经理 expensive 贵 to be called, to be named 姓 manager</p></li>
<li><p>Fill in the blanks A Nín ___ xìng? B Wǒ ___ Lǐ. ___ guì xìng? A ___ xìng Zhāng.</p></li>
<li>Circle the pinyin for the characters
<ul>
<li>高: shēnɡ jiào xìng gāo</li>
<li>留: hǎo liú xiān xìng</li>
<li>先: xiān xìng shén hǎo</li>
<li>小: hěn wǒ xiǎo míng</li>
<li>名: xìng gāo míng ma</li>
<li>什: míng tā hǎo shén</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Write the English meanings next to the words
<ul>
<li>高兴 Gāoxìng</li>
<li>叫 Jiào</li>
<li>姓 Xìng</li>
<li>经理 Jīnglǐ</li>
<li>名字 Míngzì</li>
<li>商人 Shāngrén</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Write questions for the following answers</p>
<ul>
<li>? 是，我是英国人。 Shì，wǒ shì Yīngguórén.</li>
<li>? 是，他们是学生。 Shì，tāmen shì xuésheng.</li>
<li>? 我叫王军。 Wǒ jiào Wáng Jūn.</li>
</ul></li>
</ol>
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