Taiwanese "you" (Redirected from ASGY2D79) Level B2 Similar to Expressing experiences with "guo" (A2) Expressing "once" with "cengjing" (B2) Used for Referring to the past, Referring to past experiences Keywords 有, 过 Translations have Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the usage of 有. Contents 1 Basic Usage 1.1 Structure 1.2 Examples 2 Adjectives after 有 2.1 Structure 2.2 Examples 3 Adj. not in the past tense using 有 3.1 Structure 3.2 Examples 4 过 after the verb 4.1 Structure 4.2 Examples 5 在 after 有 5.1 Structure 5.2 Examples 6 Sources and further reading 6.1 Books 6.2 Websites Basic Usage Some verbs, especially when followed by certain complements, indicate completeness. When 有 is used with these verbs, it's a clear reference to the past. Structure Subj. + 有 + [Verb Phrase] Examples 我们 有 听懂 你 的 话 。 We understood what you said. 我们 都 有 听到 宝宝 哭 。 We all heard the baby cry. 我 有 看到 他们 吵架 。 I saw them fighting. When 有 is put in front of action verbs in Taiwanese Mandarin, it can indicate that the verb is still continuing. 他 有 学 ，而且 很 喜欢 。 He's studying it and he likes it very mych. 我 有 吃 ，但是 不太 饿 。 I have eaten, but I didn't eat much. Adjectives after 有 Adjectives can also follow 有. This pattern is used in the past tense, and a 到 must follow the adjectives. Structure Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到 Examples 昨天 搬家 ，真的 有 累 到 。 I was moving yesterday and I was so tired. 他 突然 要 分手 ，我 真的 有 伤 到 。 He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt. 你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来 ，我 真的 有 吓 到 ！ You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared! Adj. not in the past tense using 有 Some adjectives can follow 有 and are not used as the past tense. Structure Subj. + 有 + Adj. Examples 大家 都 有 激动 。 Everyone is excited. 我 有 紧张 吗 ？ Do I look like I'm nervous? 你 说话 有 不 礼貌 。 The way you speak is impolite. 过 after the verb Structure Subj. + 有 + Verb + 过 + Obj. Examples 我 有 去 过 中国 。 I have been to China. 我 有 学 过 这 个 词 。 I have studied this word. 你 有 见 过 那 个 人 吗？ Have you seen that person before? 你 有 自己 做 过 饭 吗 ？ Have you ever cooked for yourself? 在 after 有 In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is the equivalent to the English –ing. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not in the past tense, but rather a continuing action. Structure Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb Examples 你 有 在 做 兼职 吗？ Are you doing a part time job? 我 有 在 考虑 跟 她 分手 。 I am considering breaking up with her. 我 妈妈 有 在 吃素 。 My mom is now a vegetarian. Sources and further reading Books A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) →buy Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (pp. 59-60) →buy Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) (pp. 73-4) [ →buy] Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (pp. 83- 4) →buy Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1 (pp. 345-7) →buy Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2 (pp. 49-51) →buy Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 76-7, 230-2) →buy New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2) (pp. 175-6) →buy 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册） (pp. 188) →buy Websites ChinesePod: Qing Wen - 过(guo) (free podcast content) [1]