<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta name="generator" content= "HTML Tidy for HTML5 for Linux version 5.2.0" /> <title></title> </head> <body> <p>In a negative sentence, the <a href= "Change_of_state_with_"le"" title= "wikilink">sentence-final 了 (le)</a> can take on the meaning of "(not) anymore" or "no longer." The word <a href= "%E5%B7%B2%E7%BB%8F" title="wikilink">已经 (yǐjīng)</a>, which <a href="Expressing_"already"_with_just_"le"" title="wikilink">means "already,"</a> may nor may not accompany it.</p> <h2 id="structure">Structure</h2> <p><a href="%E5%B7%B2%E7%BB%8F" class="uri" title="wikilink">已经</a> (yǐjīng) is optional for this pattern, but either <a href= "%E4%B8%8D" class="uri" title="wikilink">不</a> (bù) or <a href= "%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89" class="uri" title="wikilink">没有</a> (méiyǒu) will be needed to make the verb negative. The <a href= "Change_of_state_with_"le"" title= "wikilink">sentence-final 了 (le)</a> is, of course, required.</p> <div class="jiegou"> <p>(已经 +) 不 / 没(有) + [Verb Phrase] + 了</p> </div> <h2 id="examples">Examples</h2> <div class="liju"> <ul> <li><em>没有</em> 纸 <em>了</em> 。<span class="expl">in other words, "we're out of paper"</span><span class="pinyin"><em>Méiyǒu</em> zhǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">There's no paper anymore.</span></li> <li>手机 <em>没有</em> 电 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Shǒujī <em>méiyǒu</em> diàn <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">My cell phone has run out of power.</span></li> <li>他 <em>没有</em> 家 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>méiyǒu</em> jiā <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't have his home anymore.</span></li> <li>我们 都 <em>没有</em> 钱 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu <em>méiyǒu</em> qián <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">We all don't have any more money.</span></li> <li>你 <em>不</em> 喜欢 我 <em>了</em> 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>bù</em> xǐhuan wǒ <em>le</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">You don't like me anymore?</span></li> <li>我 <em>不</em> 想 吃 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>bù</em> xiǎng chī <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't want to eat anymore.</span></li> <li>你们 <em>不</em> 能 喝 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>bù</em> néng hē <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">You can't drink anymore.</span></li> <li>我 <em>已经 不</em> 住 这里 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zhù zhèlǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class= "trans">I don't live here anymore.</span></li> <li>他 <em>已经 不</em> 在 这儿 工作 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zài zhèr gōngzuò <em>le</em>.</span><span class= "trans">He doesn't work here anymore.</span></li> <li>他们 <em>已经 不</em> 在 一起 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zài yīqǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class= "trans">They are no longer together.</span></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2> <ul> <li><a href= "Expressing_"already"_with_just_"le"" title= "wikilink">Expressing "already" with just "le"</a></li> <li><a href="Change_of_state_with_"le"" title= "wikilink">Change of state with "le"</a></li> <li><a href="Uses_of_"le"" title="wikilink">Uses of "le"</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2> <h3 id="books">Books</h3> <ul> <li><a href="Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar" title= "wikilink">Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar</a> (p. 68) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href="Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition" title= "wikilink">Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition</a> (pp. 126-9) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href="Mandarin_Chinese:_A_Functional_Reference_Grammar" title="wikilink">Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar</a> (pp. 238-99) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0520066103"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href= "New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_2_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC2)" title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)</a> (pp. 217-8) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href= "New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3)" title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)</a> (pp. 64-5) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)" title= "wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)</a> (p. 8) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href= "40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89" title="wikilink">40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）</a> (p. 239)<a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20">→buy</a></li> </ul> <h3 id="websites">Websites</h3> <ul> <li>Chinesegrammar.info: <a href= "http://chinesegrammar.info/particles/le-grammar-summary/">Chinese le grammar summary (了)</a></li> </ul> <p><a href="Category:_A2_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category: A2 grammar points</a></p> </body> </html>