<div id="top_page" class="navbar navbar-static-top accounts noprint"> <div class="navbar-inner"> <div class="container"> <div class="span12"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span3" style="margin-left: -15pt;"> [http://www.allsetlearning.com/ [[File:Reduplication%20of%20adjectives%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/logo-40x195.png]]] </div> [[|<span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span>]] <div class="nav-collapse account-collapse collapse"> <ul> <li>[https://store.allsetlearning.com/ Store]</li> <li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/ Resources''''''] <div class="newbadge"> NEW </div> <ul> <li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/ Chinese Study Resources] <div class="newbadge"> NEW </div></li> <li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar Chinese Grammar Wiki]</li> <li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/pronunciation Chinese Pronunciation Wiki]</li></ul> </li></ul> * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Reduplication+of+adjectives '''' Log in] </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="page-header" class="container signed-out"> <div class="section span12"> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="section mw-body container 0"> <div id="top"> </div> <div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;"> </div> <div id="bodyContent"> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: [[#mw-head|navigation]], [[#p-search|search]] </div> <div id="gg-top" class="gg"> [http://amzn.to/2iioVRP [[File:Reduplication%20of%20adjectives%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/CGW-print-250_60.jpg]]] </div> <div class="row-fluid wikititle"> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Main_Page [[File:Reduplication%20of%20adjectives%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/Wiki-title.png|class=wikititle-spacer]]] </div> <div class="row-fluid noprint"> <div class="span2"> </div> <div id="menu-tabs" class="span10 tabs"> <ul> <li></li> <li><div id="ca-view"> </div> <span>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Reduplication_of_adjectives View]</span></li> <li><div id="ca-viewsource"> </div> <span>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=Reduplication_of_adjectives&action=edit View source]</span></li> <li><div id="ca-history"> </div> <span>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=Reduplication_of_adjectives&action=history History]</span></li> <li></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="row-fluid"> <div id="mw-panel" class="span2 noprint"> * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Main_Page Main Page] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Learner_FAQ Learner FAQ] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Grammar_points_by_level Grammar Points] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Keywords Chinese Keywords] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Translations Word Translations] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_textbook_grammar_index Textbook Index] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Forums Chinese Forums] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Acknowledgments Acknowledgments] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contact Contact Us] [[|]] <div class="sidebar-caret arrow-down"> </div> Useful Pages * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Tools Reading Tools] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:RecentChanges Recent changes] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:Random Random page] * [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents Help] * [http://resources.allsetlearning.com/ Newsletter] <ul> <li>[[|]] <div class="sidebar-caret arrow-down"> </div> Tools <ul> <li><div id="t-whatlinkshere"> </div> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:WhatLinksHere/Reduplication_of_adjectives What links here]</li> <li><div id="t-recentchangeslinked"> </div> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Reduplication_of_adjectives Related changes]</li> <li><div id="t-specialpages"> </div> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:SpecialPages Special pages]</li> <li><div id="t-print"> </div> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=Reduplication_of_adjectives&printable=yes Printable version]</li> <li><div id="t-permalink"> </div> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=Reduplication_of_adjectives&oldid=40264 Permanent link]</li> <li><div id="t-info"> </div> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=Reduplication_of_adjectives&action=info Page information]</li></ul> </li></ul> <div id="gg-mid" class="gg"> [http://itunes.apple.com/us/book/id1286538933 [[File:Reduplication%20of%20adjectives%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/CGW-iBooks-150_150.jpg]]] </div> </div> <div class="span10"> <div id="innerbodycontent" class="row nolayout"> <div class="offset1 span10"> <div id="sm-cog-elements" class="noprint"> </div> <div class="allset-page-heading"> [[#|[[File:Reduplication%20of%20adjectives%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/cog.png]]]] <div id="settings-menu" class="dropdown dropdown-anchor-right noprint"> <ul> <li>=== Sample Sentence Options === </li> <li>Spaces</li> <li> Hide spaces between Chinese words</li> <li>Pinyin</li> <li> Hide pinyin</li> <li>Translations</li> <li> Hide translations</li></ul> </div> = Reduplication of adjectives = </div> <div id="contentSub"> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="en"> <div id="ibox" class="toc"> <div class="ibox-link"> <span class="plainlinks">[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGDHE8S [[File:Reduplication%20of%20adjectives%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/link.png]]]</span> </div> <ul> <li><div class="ibox-label"> Level </div> <div class="ibox-info"> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points B1] </div></li> <li><div class="ibox-label"> Similar to </div> <div class="ibox-info"> <ul> <li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Simple_%22noun_%2B_adjective%22_sentences Simple "noun + adjective" sentences] (A1)</li> <li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Reduplication_of_verbs Reduplication of verbs] (A2)</li></ul> </div></li> <li><div class="ibox-label"> Used for </div> <div class="ibox-info"> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_quality Expressing quality] </div></li> <li><div class="ibox-label"> Keywords </div> <div class="ibox-info"> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%9A%84 的] </div></li></ul> <div class="ibox-image"> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-de-1.jpg [[File:Reduplication%20of%20adjectives%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/300px-Chinese-grammar-wiki-de-1.jpg|300x300px|Chinese-grammar-wiki-de-1.jpg]]] </div> </div> One of the charming features of Chinese is reduplication (repeating, or doubling up) of certain words and characters, including adjectives! Reduplication makes the descriptive feeling of the adjective stronger. <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> == Contents == <span class="toctoggle"> [[[#|hide]]] </span> </div> * [[#One-Syllable_Adjectives_.28AA.29|<span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">One-Syllable Adjectives (AA)</span>]] ** [[#Structure|<span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span>]] ** [[#Examples|<span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]] * [[#Two-Syllable_Adjectives_.28AABB.29|<span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Two-Syllable Adjectives (AABB)</span>]] ** [[#Structure_2|<span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span>]] ** [[#Examples_2|<span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]] * [[#Used_as_Adverbs_.28AABB.29|<span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Used as Adverbs (AABB)</span>]] ** [[#Structure_3|<span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span>]] ** [[#Examples_3|<span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]] * [[#Used_as_Predicates_.28ABAB.29|<span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Used as Predicates (ABAB)</span>]] ** [[#Structure_4|<span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span>]] ** [[#Examples_4|<span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]] * [[#Sources_and_further_reading|<span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and further reading</span>]] ** [[#Books|<span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span>]] </div> == <span id="One-Syllable_Adjectives_.28AA.29" class="mw-headline">One-Syllable Adjectives (AA)</span> == If an adjective is only one syllable (one character), then reduplicating it is a no-brainer. In most Chinese textbooks and grammar books, this is known as the "AA" pattern. === <span id="Structure" class="mw-headline">Structure</span> === <div class="jiegou"> Adj. + Adj. + 的 (+ Noun) </div> Another way of putting that (and we'll be using this form more extensively below) is: <div class="jiegou"> A A + 的 (+ Noun) </div> Note that this pattern is also identical to [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Reduplication_of_verbs single-syllable reduplication of verbs]. === <span id="Examples" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> === <div class="liju"> * 你 的 脸 ''红 红 的'' 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de liǎn ''hóng hóng de''.</span><span class="trans">Your face is red.</span> * 宝宝 的 眼睛 ''大 大 的'' 。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobao de yǎnjīng ''dà dà de''.</span><span class="trans">The baby's eyes are big.</span> * 今晚 的 月亮 ''圆 圆 的'' 。<span class="pinyin">Jīnwǎn de yuèliàng ''yuán yuán de''.</span><span class="trans">The moon is round tonight.</span> * 她 爸爸 ''高 高 胖 胖 的'' 。<span class="pinyin">Tā bàba ''gāo gāo pàng pàng de''.</span><span class="trans">Her father is tall and fat.</span> * 我 妹妹 ''瘦 瘦 小 小 的'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ mèimei ''shòu shòu xiǎo xiǎo de''.</span><span class="trans">My little sister is thin and small.</span> </div> == <span id="Two-Syllable_Adjectives_.28AABB.29" class="mw-headline">Two-Syllable Adjectives (AABB)</span> == If the adjective has more than one character, then you should repeat each character individually (rather than the whole word). This is known as the "AABB" pattern. === <span id="Structure_2" class="mw-headline">Structure</span> === In the structure below, the original two-character adjective (such as 高兴, 漂亮) is "AB," where the first character of the adjective is represented by "A," and the second by "B." <div class="jiegou"> A A B B + 的 (+ Noun) </div> === <span id="Examples_2" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> === Not all two-syllable adjectives are used in AABB form, but here are some common examples of AB adjectives represented in AABB form. <div class="liju"> * 高兴 → 高高兴兴 <span class="pinyin">gāoxìng ￫ gāo gāo xìng xìng</span><span class="trans">happy</span> * 热闹 → 热热闹闹 <span class="pinyin">rènao ￫ rè rè nāo nāo</span><span class="trans">exciting</span> * 漂亮 → 漂漂亮亮 <span class="pinyin">piàoliang ￫ piào piào liāng liāng</span><span class="trans">pretty</span> * 舒服 → 舒舒服服 <span class="pinyin">shūfu ￫ shū shū fū fū</span><span class="trans">comfortable</span> * 安静 → 安安静静 <span class="pinyin">ānjìng ￫ ān ān jìng jìng</span><span class="trans">peaceful</span> </div> Not all adjectives can take AABB form. Here are some examples of common adjectives that don't work in AABB form. <div class="liju"> * 好吃 → '''好好吃吃''' <span class="pinyin">hǎochī ￫ '''hǎo hǎo chī chī''' </span><span class="trans">tasty</span> * 便宜 → '''便便宜宜''' <span class="pinyin">piányi ￫ '''piánpiányīyī'''</span><span class="trans">cheap</span> * 麻烦 → '''麻麻烦烦''' <span class="pinyin">máfan ￫ '''má má fán fán''' </span><span class="trans">bothersome</span> </div> == <span id="Used_as_Adverbs_.28AABB.29" class="mw-headline">Used as Adverbs (AABB)</span> == When adjectives are used as [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adverb adverbs] to modify verbs, you can reduplicate the adjective using the AABB pattern. === <span id="Structure_3" class="mw-headline">Structure</span> === <div class="jiegou"> AABB + 地 + Verb </div> === <span id="Examples_3" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> === <div class="liju"> * 我们 ''清清楚楚'' '''地''' 看到 他 跟 一 个 胖 胖 的 男人 上 车 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen ''qīng qīng chǔ chǔ'' '''de''' kàndào tā gēn yīgè pàng pàng de nánrén shàngchē le.</span><span class="trans">We clearly saw him get in the car with a fat man.</span> * 我 真 想 ''舒舒服服'' '''地''' 躺 在 沙发 上 看 电视 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhēn xiǎng ''shū shū fū fū'' '''de''' tǎng zài shāfā shàng kàn diànshì.</span><span class="trans">I'd really like to comfortably lie on the couch and watch TV.</span> * 你 妈妈 ''辛辛苦苦'' '''地''' 做 了 两 个 小时 的 饭，你 怎么 不 吃 ？<span class="expl">辛辛苦苦 is difficult to translate into English directly!</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐ māma ''xīn xīn kǔ kǔ'' '''de''' zuò le liǎng gè xiǎoshí de fàn, nǐ zěnme bù chī?</span><span class="trans">Your mother labored over this meal for two hours, and you aren't going to eat it?</span> </div> == <span id="Used_as_Predicates_.28ABAB.29" class="mw-headline">Used as Predicates (ABAB)</span> == If you use an [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Adjective adjective] as a [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Predicate predicate], then you're basically using the adjective like a verb, and you reduplicate it [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Reduplication_of_verbs as you would a verb], which means ABAB form. Using an adjective in this way is roughly equivalent to using 一下 after the (non-reduplicated) adjective. === <span id="Structure_4" class="mw-headline">Structure</span> === To use a reduplicated adjective as a predicate, follow this structure: <div class="jiegou"> Subj. + ABAB </div> or <div class="jiegou"> Subj. + AB + 一下 </div> In the pattern above there's no verb, because when an adjective serves as the predicate, it does the job of a verb. Notice also that there's no 的 after the ABAB, because it's not acting as an adjective. === <span id="Examples_4" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> === <div class="liju"> * 妹妹 快 过 生日 了 ，我 打算 给 她 办 一 个 生日 派对 ，''热闹 热闹'' 。<span class="pinyin">Mèimei kuàiguò shēngrìle, wǒ dǎsuàn gěi tā bàn yīgè shēngrì pàiduì, ''rènao rènao''.</span><span class="trans">My little sister's birthday is coming and I plan to throw her a birthday party and have a blast.</span> * 来 ，喝 点 酒 ，''高兴 高兴'' 。<span class="pinyin">Lái, hē diǎn jiǔ, ''gāoxìng gāoxìng''.</span><span class="trans">Come on, have a little wine and enjoy yourself.</span> * 到 这里 来 ''凉快 凉快'' 。<span class="pinyin">Dào zhèlǐ lái ''liángkuai liángkuai''.</span><span class="trans">Come over here and cool off.</span> * 我 想 去 外面 走走 ，安静 ''一下'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng qù wàimiàn zǒuzou, ānjìng ''yīxià''.</span><span class="trans">I'd like to take a walk outside. Spend some alone time.</span> * 想 不 想 去 做 个 按摩 ，''放松 一下'' 。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎng bu xiǎng qù zuò gè ànmó, ''fàngsōng yīxià''.</span><span class="trans">Would you like to go get a massage and unwind?</span> </div> '''Note:''' The "AABB" pattern for reduplication of two-syllable adjectives contrasts with the [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Reduplication_of_verbs "ABAB" pattern for reduplication of two-syllable verbs]. == <span id="Sources_and_further_reading" class="mw-headline">Sources and further reading</span> == === <span id="Books" class="mw-headline">Books</span> === * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed) Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)] (pp. 53) [http://amzn.to/2femBuy →buy] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2 Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2] (pp. 189-90) [http://amzn.to/2ftpILV →buy] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Mandarin_Chinese:_A_Functional_Reference_Grammar Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar] (pp. 32-6) [http://amzn.to/2yOtlXc →buy] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3) New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)] (pp. 50) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_4_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC4) New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)] (pp. 103-4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561913192/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561913192 →buy] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）] (pp. 271-2) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy] <div style="display:none;"> </div> <div style="display:none;"> </div> <div style="display:none;"> </div> <div style="display:none;"> </div> <div style="display:none;"> </div> </div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"> <div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:Categories Categories]: * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Category:B1_grammar_points B1 grammar points] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Category:Adjectives Adjectives] </div> </div> <div id="gg-bot" class="gg"> [http://amzn.to/2iioVRP [[File:Reduplication%20of%20adjectives%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/CGW-print-500_120.jpg]]] </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=Reduplication_of_adjectives&oldid=40264" </div> <div class="visualClear"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" class="footer container custom-footer"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span2"> </div> <div class="span10"> 不允许任何以商业为目的或不注明归属 Chinese Grammar Wiki ©2011-2018 AllSet Learning 的内容引用。关于合法使用此内容的更多信息，请参阅我们的[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki:Copyrights 知识共享权限条款（Creative Commons license）]。 All content on the Chinese Grammar Wiki ©2011-2018 AllSet Learning, and may not be used for commercial purposes or without attribution. For more information on how to legally use this content, please see our [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki:Copyrights Creative Commons license] unless otherwise noted. </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" class="footer container"> <div class="row"> <ul> <li><div id="footer-places-privacy"> </div> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_Wiki:Privacy_policy Privacy policy]</li> <li><div id="footer-places-about"> </div> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_Wiki:About About Chinese Grammar Wiki]</li> <li><div id="footer-places-disclaimer"> </div> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_Wiki:General_disclaimer Disclaimers]</li> <li><div id="pt-login"> </div> [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/gramwiki/?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Reduplication+of+adjectives Log in]</li></ul> <ul> <li><div id="footer-poweredbyico"> </div> [https://www.mediawiki.org/ [[File:Reduplication%20of%20adjectives%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png|88x31px|Powered by MediaWiki]]] [http://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Semantic_MediaWiki [[File:Reduplication%20of%20adjectives%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/smw_button.png|88x31px|Powered by Semantic MediaWiki]]]</li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="suggestions" style="display: none; font-size: 13px;"> <div class="suggestions-results"> </div> <div class="suggestions-special"> </div> </div>