等等 (děng děng), or simply 等 (děng), is just like saying “and so
on” or “etc.” in English, but just a bit more formal. Both are
placed after listing a series of items (generally with a list that
exceeds two items).
Basic Usage
The basic structure is easy. Just make a list of things, and add
等 (děng) or 等等 (děng děng) to the end of the list. It's the same as
in English when we use "etc." at the end of a list.
Structure
Examples
- 西瓜、菠萝、苹果、葡萄 等等 都 是 我 喜欢 的 水果 。 Xīguā, bōluó, píngguǒ, pútáo děngděng dōu shì wǒ
xǐhuan de shuǐguǒ.Watermelons,
pineapples, apples, grapes and so on are all the fruits that I
like.
- 我 的 男朋友 会 说 很 多 外语 ， 英语、法语、西班牙语 等等 。 Wǒ de nánpéngyou huì shuō hěn duō wàiyǔ, Yīngyǔ, Fǎyǔ,
Xībānyáyǔ děngděng.My boyfriend
can speak many foreign languages: English, French, Spanish,
etc.
- 我 很 喜欢 运动，比如 跑步、游泳、做瑜伽 等等 。Wǒ hěn
xǐhuan yùndòng, bǐrú pǎobù, yóuyǒng, zuò yújiā
děngděng.I like exercising very
much, for example, running, swimming, doing yoga, etc.
- 我们 公司 有 好几 个 部门，市场部、客户部、技术部 等 。Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu hǎojǐ gè bùmén, shìchǎng bù, kèhù bù,
jìshù bù děng.Our company has
several departments: marketing department, client department,
technology department, etc.
- Jackie Chan、Jet Li、Bruce Li
等 都 是 中国 有名 的 功夫 明星 。 Jackie Chan,
Jet Li, Bruce Li děng dōu shì Zhōngguó yǒumíng de gōngfu
míngxīng.Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Bruce Li,
etc. are all famous Chinese martial arts stars.
Usage Before a Noun
Occasionally, 等 (děng) is added to the end of a list and is
followed by a noun that represents the list. For example, if the
list is a series of countries, 等 (děng) would be followed by 国家
(guójiā).
Structure
Examples
- 长城、故宫 等 地方 都 是 北京 有名 的 景点 。 Chángchéng, Gùgōng děng dìfang dōu shì Běijīng
yǒumíng de jǐngdiǎn.The Great Wall, the
Forbidden City, etc. are all famous scenic spots in
Beijing.
- 北京、上海、广州 等 城市 是 中国 最 发达 的 城市 。Běijīng, Shànghǎi, Guǎngzhōu děng chéngshì shì
Zhōngguó zuì fādá de chéngshì.Beijing,
Shanghai, Guangzhou and so on are the most developed cities in
China.
- 牛津、剑桥 等 大学 都 是 最 有名 的 英国 大学 。Niújīn, Jiànqiáo děng dàxué dōu shì zuì yǒumíng
de Yīngguó dàxué.Oxford, Cambridge and
so on are the most famous British Universities.
- 中国、印度、巴西 等 国家 都 不 是 发达 国家 。Zhōngguó, Yìndù, Bāxī děng guójiā dōu bù shì fādá
guójiā.China, India, Brazil and so on
are not developed countries.
- WTO, WHO 等 组织 都 是 国际 组织。 WTO, WHO
děng zǔzhī dōu shì guójì zǔzhī.WTO, WHO and so on are all international
organizations.
See also
Sources and further
reading
Books
Category:B1 grammar points