<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta name="generator" content= "HTML Tidy for HTML5 for Linux version 5.2.0" /> <title></title> </head> <body> <p>Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the usage of 有.</p> <h2 id="completed-verbs">Completed Verbs</h2> <p>In the Chinese language, there are verbs called “completed verbs.” These verbs are usually followed by a compliment, as they are not verbs that are ongoing. This is referring to the past tense.</p> <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3> <div class="jiegou"> <p>Subj. + 有 + Verb + Obj.</p> </div> <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3> <div class="liju"> <ul> <li>你 <em>有</em> 说 错 这 句 话 。<span class="trans">You said this sentence wrong.</span></li> <li>老板 <em>有</em> 学 会 上海话 。<span class="trans">The boss studied the Shanghai dialect.</span></li> <li>我们 <em>有</em> 听 懂 你的 话 。<span class="trans">I understood what you said.</span></li> <li>我 <em>有</em> 看到 她 跟 你 前男友 在 一起。<span class="trans">I saw her and your ex-boyfriend together.</span></li> <li>我们 都 <em>有</em> 听到 宝宝 哭。<span class="trans">We all heard the baby cry.</span></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="action-verbs">Action Verbs</h2> <p>There are also verbs categorized as “action verbs.” In Taiwanese Mandarin, when 有 is put in front of these verbs, it actually indicates that the verb is still continuing.</p> <h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3> <div class="jiegou"> <p>Subj. + 有 + Verb + Obj.</p> </div> <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3> <div class="liju"> <ul> <li>我 <em>有</em> 吃 药，可是 感冒 还是 美好 。<span class="trans">I have taken medicine, but my cold hasn’t gotten better.</span></li> <li>他 <em>有</em> 告诉 我 你的 电话 号码 。<span class="trans">He has told me your phone number.</span></li> <li>我 <em>有</em> 考虑 你 提的 建议。<span class="trans">I have considered the suggestion you proposed.</span></li> <li>她 <em>有</em> 拿 你的 钱 吗？<span class="trans">Has she taken your money?</span></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="adj.-that-follow-有-with-到">Adj. that follow 有 with 到</h2> <p>Adjectives can also follow 有. These adjectives are all in the past tense, with a 到 following the adjective.</p> <h3 id="structure-2">Structure</h3> <div class="jiegou"> <p>Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到</p> </div> <h3 id="examples-2">Examples</h3> <div class="liju"> <ul> <li>第一次 做 这么 多 运动，真的 <em>有</em> 累 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class= "trans">The first time I exercised so much, I was so tired.</span></li> <li>他 突然 提出 跟 我 分手，我 真的 <em>有</em> 伤 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="trans">He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.</span></li> <li>你 买 了 那么 多 二手 家具，<em>有</em> 省 <strong>到</strong> 吗？<span class= "trans">You bought so many second-hand furniture. Does it save you a lot of money?</span></li> <li>你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来，我 真的<em>有</em> 吓 <strong>到</strong> ！<span class="trans">You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared!</span></li> <li>这 家 店 今天 全场 打 一 折，我 买 了 好 多，<em>有</em> 赚 <strong>到</strong>！<span class="trans">Everything in this store is 90% off today. I bought a lot. It was so cheap!</span></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="adj.-not-in-the-past-tense-using-有">Adj. not in the past tense using 有</h2> <p>Some adjectives can follow 有 and are not used as the past tense.</p> <h3 id="structure-3">Structure</h3> <div class="jiegou"> <p>Subj. + 有 + Adj.</p> </div> <h3 id="examples-3">Examples</h3> <div class="liju"> <ul> <li>你 跟 你 妈妈 <em>有</em> 像 耶 ！<span class="trans">You and your mom look alike!</span></li> <li>他 那天 <em>有</em> 生气。<span class="trans">He was angry the other day.</span></li> <li>我 <em>有</em> 紧张 吗？<span class="trans">Was I nervous?</span></li> <li>她 当然 <em>有</em> 失望，你 又 忘了 她 的 生日！<span class="trans">Of course she was disappointed. You forgot her birthday again!</span></li> <li>你 那么 大声 说话，我们 都 <em>有</em> 害怕。<span class="trans">We were all scared when you shout at us.</span></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="了-after-the-verb">了 after the verb</h2> <p>When adding a 了after the verb, you’re stressing that the action is completed.</p> <h3 id="structure-4">Structure</h3> <div class="jiegou"> <p>Subj. + 有 + Verb + 了</p> </div> <h3 id="examples-4">Examples</h3> <div class="liju"> <ul> <li>我 刚才 <em>有</em>上 厕所 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">I just now finished using the restaurant.</span></li> <li>他 <em>有</em> 吃 中饭 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="trans">He finished eating lunch.</span></li> <li>老板 早上<em>有</em> 喝 咖啡 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">The boss drank coffee this morning.</span></li> <li>我 <em>有</em> 发 微信 给 你 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">I already sent you a WeChat.</span></li> <li>我们 昨晚 <em>有</em> 吵架 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="trans">We fought last night.</span></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="过-after-the-verb">过 after the verb</h2> <h3 id="structure-5">Structure</h3> <div class="jiegou"> <p>Subj. + 有 + Verb + 过 + Obj.</p> </div> <h3 id="examples-5">Examples</h3> <div class="liju"> <ul> <li>我 <em>有</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国。<span class="trans">I have been to China.</span></li> <li>他 <em>有</em> 吃 <strong>过</strong> 小笼包。<span class="trans">He has eaten steamed dumplings.</span></li> <li>你 <em>有</em> 见 <strong>过</strong> 那 个 人 吗？<span class= "trans">Have you seen that person before?</span></li> <li>我 <em>有</em> 做 <strong>过</strong> 这样 的 工作。<span class="trans">I have done work like this before.</span></li> <li>你 <em>有</em> 自己 做 <strong>过</strong> 饭 吗？<span class= "trans">Have you ever cooked for yourself?</span></li> <li>你 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 中文？<span class="trans">Have you ever studied Chinese?</span></li> <li>你 <em>有</em> 看 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 电影 吗？<span class= "trans">Have you seen this movie?</span></li> <li>我 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 词。<span class="trans">I have studied this word.</span></li> <li>我 <em>有</em> 用 <strong>过</strong> 电脑，我 会 用。<span class= "trans">I have used a computer before, I can use it.</span></li> <li>我 <em>有</em> 买 <strong>过</strong> 这里 的 巧克力，不 好吃。<span class= "trans">I have bought the chocolate here, it's not good.</span></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="在-after-有">在 after 有</h2> <p>In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is the equivalent to the English –ing. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not in the past tense, but rather a continuing action.</p> <h3 id="structure-6">Structure</h3> <div class="jiegou"> <p>Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb</p> </div> <h3 id="examples-6">Examples</h3> <div class="liju"> <ul> <li>那 时候 你 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 工作 吗？<span class= "trans">At that time, were you working?</span></li> <li>这家 店 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 卖 小孩子的 衣服 吗？<span class= "trans">Is this store selling children’s clothes?</span></li> <li>我 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 考虑 跟 她 分手 。<span class= "trans">I am considering breaking up with her.</span></li> <li>我 妈妈 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 吃素 。 <span class="trans">My mom is a vegetarian.</span></li> <li>你的 学生 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 写 日记 吗？ <span class= "trans">Do your students write diaries?</span></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2> <h3 id="books">Books</h3> <ul> <li><a href="Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition" title= "wikilink">Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition</a> (pp. 59-60) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href= "Chinese_Grammar_Without_Tears_(%E7%AE%80%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C)" title="wikilink">Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册)</a> (pp. 73-4) <a href= "http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)" title= "wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)</a> (pp. 83- 4) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1" title= "wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1</a> (pp. 345-7) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2" title= "wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2</a> (pp. 49-51) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href="Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide" title="wikilink">Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide</a> (pp. 76-7, 230-2) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href= "New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_2_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC2)" title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)</a> (pp. 175-6) <a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297"> →buy</a></li> <li><a href= "40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89" title="wikilink">40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）</a> (p. 188)<a href= "http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20">→buy</a></li> </ul> <h3 id="websites">Websites</h3> <ul> <li>ChinesePod: <a href= "http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E8%BF%87guo">Qing Wen - 过(guo)</a> (free podcast content)</li> <li><a href= "http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/60384/1/101501.pdf"> 1</a></li> </ul> <p><a href="Category:B2_grammar_points" title= "wikilink">Category:B2 grammar points</a> <a href= "Category:Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="wikilink">Category:Taiwanese Mandarin</a></p> </body> </html>