The most common way to form a superlative (best, worst, biggest,
smallest, etc.) in Chinese is to use 最 (zuì) before an adjective (and a few
select verbs).
最 (zuì) with Adjectives
Structure
The structure is:
And now you have the superlative form of the adjective. Unlike
in English, this structure is consistent for all adjectives in
Chinese. The inconsistencies in English sometimes confuse
beginners, so note in the examples below how to say "best,"
"worst," "least," and "most" (meaning "greatest number").
Examples
- 哪 个 老师 最 好?Nǎge lǎoshī
zuì hǎo? Which teacher is the
best?
- 你们 家 谁 最 漂亮?Nǐmen jiā shéi
zuì piàoliang? In your family
who is the most beautiful?
- Zuckerberg 最 有钱。 Zuckerberg
zuì yǒuqián.Zuckerberg is the
richest.
- 汉语 最 难。 Hànyǔ zuì
nán.The Chinese language is the most
difficult.
- 这 种 事 最 麻烦。Zhè zhǒng shì
zuì máfan.These kind of things
are the most troublesome.
Optional 了 (le)
Occasionally you'll also see a 了 (le) added after the adjective.
This simply adds emphasis to the "-est."
Structure
Examples
- 小狗 最 可爱 了。This 了 is optionalXiǎogǒu zuì kěài
le.The puppy is the
cutest.
- 四川 菜 最 辣 了。This 了 is optionalSìchuān cài zuì là
le.Sichuan food is the
spiciest.
- 我 的 中国 朋友 最 热情 了。This 了 is optionalWǒ de Zhōngguó péngyou zuì rèqíng
le.My Chinese friend is
the most enthusiastic.
- 他 的 学生 最 认真 了。This 了 is optionalTā de xuésheng zuì rènzhēn
le.His student is the
most serious.
- 黄山 的 风景 最 美 了。 This 了 is optionalHuángshān de fēngjǐng zuì měi
le.Huang Mountain's
landscape is the most beautiful.
最 (zuì) with Psychological
Verbs
最 (zuì) can also come before psychological verbs, to express what one "most
likes," "most hates," etc. It won't make sense if you try to use 最
(zuì) with non-psychological verbs, though.
Structure
The structure is:
最 + [Psychological Verb] + Obj. (+ 了)
Note the 了 (le) on the end there! It's not strictly required,
but you'll hear it a lot in spoken Chinese.
Examples
- 老板 最 喜欢 你 了! Lǎobǎn zuì xǐhuan nǐ
le!The boss likes you the
best!
- 你 最 怕 什么?Nǐ
zuì pà shénme?What do you most fear?
- 我 最 爱 中国 菜。Wǒ
zuì ài Zhōngguó cài.I love Chinese food most.
- 谁 最 了解 你? Shéi
zuì liǎojiě nǐ?Who knows you best?
- 她 最 讨厌 抽烟 的 男人 了。Tā zuì tǎoyàn chōuyān de nánrén
了.She most hates men that
smoke.
Although you could translate it as "like the best," pairing 最
(zuì) with the psychological verb 喜欢 (xǐhuan) is also a great way
to talk about one's "favorite."
- 你 最 喜欢 什么 颜色?Nǐ
zuì xǐhuan shénme yánsè?
What is your favorite color?
- 你 最 喜欢 什么 动物?Nǐ
zuì xǐhuan shénme
dòngwù?What is your favorite
animal?
See also
Sources and further
reading
Books
Category:A2 grammar points