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[[#|[[File:Non-exhaustive%20lists%20with%20%22dengdeng%22%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/cog.png]]]] = Non-exhaustive lists with "dengdeng" =
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  • Similar to
    • [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22stuff_like_that%22_with_%22zhileide%22 Expressing "stuff like that" with "zhileide"] (B1)
    • [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Listing_things_with_%22a%22 Listing things with "a"] (B2)
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    [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%AD%89 等], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%AD%89%E7%AD%89 等等]
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等等 (děng děng), or simply 等 (děng), is just like saying “and so on” or “etc.” in English but just a bit more formal. Both are placed after listing a series of items (generally with a list that exceeds two items).
== Contents ==  [[[#|hide]]] 
* [[#Structure|1 Structure]] * [[#Examples|2 Examples]] * [[#See_also|3 See also]] * [[#Sources_and_further_reading|4 Sources and further reading]] ** [[#Books|4.1 Books]]
== Structure == The basic structure is easy. Just make a list of things and add 等 (děng) or 等等 (děng děng) to the end of the list. It's the same as in English when we use "etc." at the end of a list.
A1，A2 ⋯⋯ 等 / 等等
== Examples ==
* 西瓜、菠萝、葡萄、''等等'' ，我 都 喜欢 吃 。 Xīguā, bōluó, pútáo, ''děngděng'', wǒ dōu xǐhuan chī.Watermelons, pineapples, apples, grapes, and so on, I like them all. * 我 爸爸 很 喜欢 运动 ，比如 跑步、游泳、打羽毛球、''等等'' 。Wǒ bàba hěn xǐhuan yùndòng, bǐrú pǎobù, yóuyǒng, dǎ yǔmáoqiú, ''děngděng''.My father likes different sports, for example, running, swimming, playing badminton, etc. * Bruce Li、Jackie Chan、Jet Li ''等'' 都 是 有名 的 功夫 明星 。 Bruce Li, Jackie Chan, Jet Li ''děng'' dōu shì yǒumíng de gōngfu míngxīng.Bruce Li, Jackie Chan, Jet Li, etc. are all famous Chinese martial arts stars. * 我们 公司 有 市场部、设计部、技术部、 ''等等'' 。Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu shìchǎng bù, shèjì bù, jìshù bù ''děngděng''.Our company has marketing department, design department, technology department, etc. * 联合国 的 工作 语言 有 英语、法语、西班牙语 ''等'' 。Liánhéguó de gōngzuò yǔyán yǒu Yīngyǔ, Fǎyǔ, Xībānyáyǔ ''děng''.The working languages of the UN are English, French, Spanish, etc.
等 (děng) can also be added to the end of a list and is followed by a noun that represents the list. In this case, you can only use 等:
A1，A2 ⋯⋯ 等 + [Category] + Predicate
The [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Predicate predicate] part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
* 长城、故宫 ''等'' 景点 都 是 北京 有名 的 景点 。 Chángchéng, Gùgōng ''děng'' jǐngdiǎn dōu shì Běijīng yǒumíng de jǐngdiǎn.The Great Wall, the Forbidden City, etc. are all famous tourist attractions in Beijing. * 北京、上海、广州 ''等'' 城市 的 经济 都 很 发达 。Běijīng, Shànghǎi, Guǎngzhōu ''děng'' chéngshì de jīngjì dōu hěn fādá.Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and so on are economically developed cities. * 牛津、剑桥 ''等'' 大学 是 英国 最 有名 的大学 。Niújīn, Jiànqiáo ''děng'' dàxué shì Yīngguó zuì yǒumíng de dàxué.Oxford, Cambridge and so on are the most famous British Universities. * 中国、印度、巴西 ''等'' 国家 都 是 发展中 国家 。Zhōngguó, Yìndù, Bāxī ''děng'' guójiā dōu shì fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā.China, India, Brazil and so on are all developing countries. * 食品安全、环保、和平 ''等'' 话题 都是 热点 话题 。Shípǐn ānquán, huánbǎo, hépíng ''děng'' huàtí dōu shì rèdiǎn huàtí.Food safety, environmental protection, peace and so on are all hot topics.
== See also == * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Ending_a_Non-Exhaustive_List_with_%22shenme_de%22 Ending a Non-Exhaustive List with "shenme de"] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Stuff_like_that%22_with_%22zhileide%22 "Stuff like that" with "zhileide"] == Sources and further reading == === Books === * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BE%E9%A1%B9%E8%AE%B2%E7%BB%83_-_%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7) Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)] (pp. 304) [ →buy]
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