[![](The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/logo-40x195.png "fig:The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/logo-40x195.png")](http://www.allsetlearning.com/)
[ ]( "wikilink")
Jump to: [navigation](#mw-head "wikilink"), [search](#p-search "wikilink")
[![](The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/CGW-print-250_60.jpg "fig:The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/CGW-print-250_60.jpg")](http://amzn.to/2iioVRP)
[![](The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/Wiki-title.png "fig:The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/Wiki-title.png")](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Main_Page)
- [Main Page](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Main_Page) - [Learner FAQ](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Learner_FAQ) - [Grammar Points](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Grammar_points_by_level) - [Chinese Keywords](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Keywords) - [Word Translations](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Translations) - [Textbook Index](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_textbook_grammar_index) - [Chinese Forums](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Forums) - [Acknowledgments](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Acknowledgments) - [Contact Us](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Contact) []( "wikilink")
Useful Pages - [Reading Tools](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Tools) - [Recent changes](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:RecentChanges) - [Random page](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:Random) - [Help](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents) - [Newsletter](http://resources.allsetlearning.com/) - []( "wikilink")
Tools -
\[...\_de%22\_patterns:\_an\_overview What links here\] -
\[...\_de%22\_patterns:\_an\_overview Related changes\] -
[Special pages](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:SpecialPages) -
\[...\_de%22\_patterns:\_an\_overview&printable=yes Printable version\] - \[...\_de%22\_patterns:\_an\_overview&oldid=42356 Permanent link\] -
\[...\_de%22\_patterns:\_an\_overview&action=info Page information\]
[![](The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/CGW-iBooks-150_150.jpg "fig:The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/CGW-iBooks-150_150.jpg")](http://itunes.apple.com/us/book/id1286538933)
[![](The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/cog.png "fig:The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/cog.png")](# "wikilink") The "shi... de" patterns: an overview =====================================
[![](The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/link.png "fig:The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/link.png")](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASG8YTSF)
-
Level
[B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points)
-
Similar to
- \[...\_de%22\_construction\_for\_emphasizing\_details The "shi... de" construction for emphasizing details\] (B1) - \[...\_de%22\_construction\_for\_indicating\_purpose The "shi... de" construction for indicating purpose\] (B1) - [Using "de" (modal particle)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22de%22_(modal_particle)) (B1)
-
Used for
[Emphasizing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing)
-
Keywords
[是](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%98%AF), [的](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%9A%84)
[![Chinese-grammar-wiki-shi.jpg](The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/300px-Chinese-grammar-wiki-shi.jpg "fig:Chinese-grammar-wiki-shi.jpg"){width="300" height="300"}](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-shi.jpg)
An intermediate student of Chinese should be aware of the classic \[...\_de%22\_construction "shi... de" construction\]. It's important to learn and use. But don't be tempted to think that the "official" 是⋯⋯的 (shì... de) pattern is the only way that 是 and 的 can work together in a sentence! There are multiple ways to use 是 and 的 together, and they can be used for different purposes. This article helps break down the various uses of 是⋯⋯的 and tackle the confusion head-on.
Contents --------  [hide]([# "wikilink")\] 
- [1 Omitting a Noun with 的](#Omitting_a_Noun_with_.E7.9A.84 "wikilink") - [2 Used with Distinguishing Words](#Used_with_Distinguishing_Words "wikilink") - [2.1 Structure](#Structure "wikilink") - [2.2 Examples](#Examples "wikilink") - [3 The Classic Construction](#The_Classic_Construction "wikilink") - [3.1 Structure](#Structure_2 "wikilink") - [3.2 Examples](#Examples_2 "wikilink") - [4 Used for Indicating Purpose or Intent](#Used_for_Indicating_Purpose_or_Intent "wikilink") - [4.1 Structure](#Structure_3 "wikilink") - [4.2 Examples](#Examples_3 "wikilink") - [5 Used for Talking about What People Do](#Used_for_Talking_about_What_People_Do "wikilink") - [6 Used for a Tone of Strong Affirmation](#Used_for_a_Tone_of_Strong_Affirmation "wikilink") - [7 See also](#See_also "wikilink") - [8 Sources and Further Reading](#Sources_and_Further_Reading "wikilink") - [8.1 Books](#Books "wikilink")
Omitting a Noun with 的 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is the most simple way to use 是 with 的: you drop the noun and let 的 represent it. This usage requires context; otherwise the other person won't know what noun you are referring to. Once that is established, however, this usage is really easy: having the 的 take the place of the noun is sort of like the way we say "one" or "it" in English. It's a basic substitution, but it's one that is very common and very helpful in everyday Chinese. Some people consider this just to be a version of "Adjective + 的 + Noun" that has dropped the noun, so the 的 has to take it's place. The [structure without the noun](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modifying_nouns_with_adjective_%2B_%22de%22#Structure_Without_the_noun) might take a little practice, but once you get it, it's so easy you'll be using it all the time.
- A: 你 也 是 大学生 ？你 *是* **什么 专业** *的* ？Nǐ yě shì dàxuéshēng? Nǐ *shì* **shénme zhuānyè** *de*?Are you also a college student? What's your major? - B: 我 *是* **中文 专业** *的* 。Wǒ *shì* **Zhōngwén zhuānyè** *de*.My major is Chinese.
Used with Distinguishing Words --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If you're a good student, you learned the classic pattern for [simple sentences using adjectives](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Simple_%22noun_%2B_adjective%22_sentences) long ago (you know, the 你很漂亮 type), and you know that you're ***not*** supposed to use 是 in these sentences. But then you may have later come across some sentence patterns--apparently using adjectives--where you ***have*** to use 是 (and also 的). These are sentences that use a special type of word (you might think of it as a special class of adjectives, if that helps) called [distinguishing words](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Distinguishing_word). ### Structure
Subj. + 是 + \[Distinguishing Words\] + 的
### Examples The bold words are the "distinguishing words," so pay attention to what sorts of things they describe.
- 这个 苹果 *是* **坏***的*。Zhège píngguǒ *shì* **huài** *de*.This apple is bad. - 你 错 了 ，那个人 *是* **女***的*。Nǐ cuò le, nàge rén *shì* **nǚ** *de*.You are mistaken. That person is a woman. - 他 家 的 家具 都 *是* **中式***的*。Tā jiā de jiājù dōu *shì* **Zhōng shì** *de*.The furniture in his house is all in Chinese style.
The Classic Construction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Structure
Subj. + 是 + \[Information to be Emphasized\] + Verb + 的
This classic pattern is the one for emphasizing certain *details* about events in the *past*. It's often used to ask pointed questions about past events, and then to answer those questions. Usually, the situation is already established, and the speakers are trying to get more specific clarification, such as when, where, or how the action took place. When this is the case, the phrase that follows the 是 is the part of the situation that is being emphasized. It is also important to know that you can't use "了" in this sentence. "了" only tells you that the action is completed, not any of the other details that this construction is looking for. Since it is already understood that the action took place, the "了" is unnecessary. A more complete explanation of this particular usage can be found \[...\_de%22\_construction here\]. ### Examples The examples below share the theme: 我在上海学了两年中文. The bolded words are the aspect of the situation that are being emphasized.
- A: 你 *是* **什么 时候** 开始 学 中文 *的*？Nǐ *shì* **shénme shíhou** kāishǐ xué Zhōngwén *de*?A: When was it that you started studying Chinese? - B: 我 *是* **两 年 前** 开始 学 中文 *的*。Wǒ *shì* **liǎng nián qián** kāishǐ xué Zhōngwén *de*.It was two years ago when I started studying Chinese. - A: 你 *是* **在 哪里** 学 *的* 中文？Nǐ *shì* **zài nǎlǐ** xué *de* Zhōngwén?Where is it that you study Chinese? - B: 我 *是* **在 上海** 学 *的* 中文。Wǒ *shì* **zài Shànghǎi** xué *de* Zhōngwén.It's in Shanghai that I study Chinese.
In the example above, you might have noticed something funny with the object of the verb. In this construction, if the verb is transitive (it takes an object), then the object can be placed either before or after the 的 without affecting the meaning. Take a look at the example below:
- A: 昨天 你 *是* **怎么** 回 *的* 家 ？Zuótiān nǐ *shì* **zěnme** huí *de* jiā?How did you come back yesterday? - B: 昨天 我 *是* **打车** 回 家 *的* 。Zuótiān wǒ *shì* **dǎchē** huíjiā *de*.I went home by taxi yesterday.
Used for Indicating Purpose or Intent ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Structure When explaining "what you came for" or "what you want to do," it's common to use yet \[...de another type of 是⋯⋯的 construction\].
Person + 是 + 来 / 去 + Verb+ 的
When expressing a purpose, 是 and 的 are often used together with 用来, especially when the subject is a thing.
Thing + 是 + 用来 + Verb + 的
### Examples
- 我 *是* **来** 实习 *的* 。Wǒ *shì* **lái** shíxí *de*.I came here to do an internship. - 钱 *是* **用来** 花 *的* ，不 *是* **用来** 省 *的* 。Qián *shì* **yònglái** huā *de*, bù *shì* **yònglái** shěng *de*.Money is for spending, not for saving.
Used for Talking about What People Do ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This pattern can also be used to talk about what kind of work people do:
- A: 我 *是* **教 汉语** *的* 。你 *是* **做 什么** *的* ？Wǒ *shì* **jiāo Hànyǔ** *de*. Nǐ *shì* **zuò shénme** *de*?A: I teach Chinese. What kind of work do you do? - B: 我 *是* **送 外卖** *的* 。Wǒ *shì* **sòng wàimài** *de*.B: I'm a take-out delivery guy.
Used for a Tone of Strong Affirmation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sometimes you can use 的 to really add a kick to your responses, making them stronger. You might even hear Chinese people reply with just 是的 which means "That's right." This usage is similar to the way that English speakers might stress the word "is" in sentences like "It *is* my food." When used to express affirmation, 会, 能, and 可以 are often used as well. Again, the 是 is optional.
- 这个 东西 *是* **可以** 吃 *的* 。Zhège dōngxi *shì* **kěyǐ** chī *de*.This thing is edible. - 我 **会** 去 *的* 。Wǒ **huì** qù *de*.I will go. - 我们 **能** 做到 *的* 。Wǒmen **néng** zuòdào *de*.We can do it.
See also ------------------------------------------------------- - [Modifying nouns with phrase + de](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modifying_nouns_with_phrase_%2B_de) - [Expressing possession](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_possession) - \[...\_de%22\_construction\_for\_emphasizing\_details The "shi... de" construction for emphasizing details\] - \[...\_de%22\_construction\_for\_indicating\_purpose The "shi... de" construction for indicating purpose\] Sources and Further Reading --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Books - [Structures of Mandarin Chinese for speakers of English 中文语法快易通：句型结构](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Structures_of_Mandarin_Chinese_for_speakers_of_English_%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%BF%AB%E6%98%93%E9%80%9A%EF%BC%9A%E5%8F%A5%E5%9E%8B%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84) (pp. 125) \[ →buy\] - [Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide) (pp. 233-5) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2xCpX2m) - [Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar) (pp. 54) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2ykU1OD) - [A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A_Practical_Chinese_Grammar_For_Foreigners_(%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)) (pp. 222-5) [→buy](http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA)
\
[![](The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/CGW-print-500_120.jpg "fig:The%20%22shi...%20de%22%20patterns:%20an%20overview%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/CGW-print-500_120.jpg")](http://amzn.to/2iioVRP)
Retrieved from "...\_de%22\_patterns:\_an\_overview&oldid=42356"