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Using "ba" sentences
====================

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    -   [Direction
        complement](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Direction_complement) (B1)
    -   [Using "bei"
        sentences](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22bei%22_sentences) (B1)
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        "ba"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Advanced_uses_of_%22ba%22) (B2)
    -   [Using "jiang" as a formal
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-   <div class="ibox-label">
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    [把](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E6%8A%8A)

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*Also known as: 把字句 ("bǎ"zìjù), 把 construction, preposition 把,
disposal construction and pre-transitive 把.* The **把 (bǎ) sentence**
is a useful structure for focusing on the result or influence of an
action. It's really common in Mandarin, but can feel a bit strange for
English speakers at first.

<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">
Contents
--------

<span class="toctoggle"> [hide]([# "wikilink")\] </span>

</div>
-   [<span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">What is a 把
    sentence?</span>](#What_is_a_.E6.8A.8A_sentence.3F "wikilink")
-   [<span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Notes about
    把</span>](#Notes_about_.E6.8A.8A "wikilink")
-   [<span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">把 Sentences
    with Two
    Objects</span>](#.E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Two_Objects "wikilink")
-   [<span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">把 Sentences
    with
    Complements</span>](#.E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Complements "wikilink")
-   [<span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Forming 把
    Sentences</span>](#Forming_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences "wikilink")
    -   [<span class="tocnumber">5.1</span>
        <span class="toctext">Negating 把
        Sentences</span>](#Negating_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences "wikilink")
    -   [<span class="tocnumber">5.2</span>
        <span class="toctext">Question Forms of 把
        Sentences</span>](#Question_Forms_of_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences "wikilink")
    -   [<span class="tocnumber">5.3</span>
        <span class="toctext">Adverbs in 把
        Sentences</span>](#Adverbs_in_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences "wikilink")
    -   [<span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">把
        Sentences with Aspect
        Particles</span>](#.E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Aspect_Particles "wikilink")
    -   [<span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">把
        Sentences and Quantity
        Phrase</span>](#.E6.8A.8A_Sentences_and_Quantity_Phrase "wikilink")
-   [<span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Verbs for 把
    Sentences</span>](#Verbs_for_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences "wikilink")
-   [<span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Other Use of
    把</span>](#Other_Use_of_.E6.8A.8A "wikilink")
-   [<span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See
    also</span>](#See_also "wikilink")
-   [<span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and
    further reading</span>](#Sources_and_further_reading "wikilink")
    -   [<span class="tocnumber">9.1</span>
        <span class="toctext">Books</span>](#Books "wikilink")
    -   [<span class="tocnumber">9.2</span>
        <span class="toctext">Websites</span>](#Websites "wikilink")

</div>
<span id="What_is_a_.E6.8A.8A_sentence.3F" class="mw-headline">What is a 把 sentence?</span>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A basic sentence in Mandarin is formed with a subject-verb-object (SVO)
[word
order](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Word_order),
as in English:

<div class="jiegou">
Subj. + \[Verb Phrase\] + Obj.

</div>
A 把 sentence shakes things up a bit, and you get this structure:

<div class="jiegou">
Subj. + 把 + Obj. + \[Verb Phrase\]

</div>
Note that the **object has moved**, and is preceded by 把. You now have
SOV word order.

This is all well and good, but most students of Chinese, on learning
about 把 sentences for the first time, have the same reaction: *"Why the
hell would I ever use this structure? The SVO word order always works
just fine, right?"* The answer is: well, no... not always. It's true
that 把 sentences are often used to achieve somewhat subtle differences
in emphasis, but there are also very good reasons to use 把 sentences
when a regular sentence just won't do. Take this sentence for example:

<div class="liju">
-   *把* **书** 放 **在** 桌子 **上** 。<span class="expl">"Put the book
    on the table."</span><span class="pinyin">*Bǎ* **shū** fàng **zài**
    zhuōzi **shàng**.</span>

</div>
How would you say this without the 把 construction? You might try this:

<div class="liju">
-   放 **书** 在 桌子 **上** 。<span class="pinyin">Fàng **shū** **zài**
    zhuōzi **shàng**.</span>

The only problem is that the above sentence is not grammatical. You
can't put an object right after a verb, and then put other modifiers of
the verb after the object. Here are other examples of how to
successfully use 把 and 放 in the same sentence.

-   她 *把* **我 的 手机** 放 **在** 她 的 包 **里** 了
    。<span class="pinyin">Tā *bǎ* **wǒ de shǒujī** fàng **zài** tā de
    bāo **lǐ** le.</span><span class="trans">She put my phone in her
    bag.</span>
-   他 *把* **脏 衣服** 放 **在** 床 **下面** 了
    。<span class="pinyin">Tā *bǎ* **zāng yīfu** fàng **zài** chuáng
    **xiàmiàn** le.</span><span class="trans">He put his dirty laundry
    under his bed.</span>
-   你 是 不 是 *把* **护照** 放 **在** 行李箱 **里** 了
    ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shì bu shì *bǎ* **hùzhào** fàng **zài**
    xínglixiāng **lǐ** le?</span><span class="trans">Did you put your
    passport in your suitcase?</span>

</div>
<span id="Notes_about_.E6.8A.8A" class="mw-headline">Notes about 把</span>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

-   The object is known. (It's already been mentioned or
    discussed previously.)
-   把字句 is often used to describe what happened to the object in some
    detail (it's not just a "bare" verb; there's "more stuff" after
    the verb).
-   It's not necessarily used in past tense. You also use 把字句 for
    making a request or asking for a favor.

<span id=".E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Two_Objects" class="mw-headline">把 Sentences with Two Objects</span>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The usual structure for 把 sentences, as described above, puts the
object right after 把 for certain verbs, however, you can have two
objects in a 把 sentence. Their use in a 把 sentence will also involve
[prepositions](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Prepositions).

They use the following structure:

<div class="jiegou">
Subj. + 把 + Obj. 1 + Verb + 给 + Obj. 2

</div>
Common verbs that take two objects include: 送 (sòng), 拿 (ná), 递 (dì),
卖 (mài), 借 (jiè), 还 (huán), 介绍 (jièshào).

<div class="liju">
  Subject   把   *Object 1*   Verb   Preposition   *Object 2*        
  --------- ---- ------------ ------ ------------- ------------ ---- ----
  我们      把   *礼物*       送     给            *客人*       了   。
            把   *盐*         递     给            *我*              。
  他        把   *房子*       卖     给            *谁*         了   ?
  我        把   *他*         介绍   给            *我 老板*    了   。

  : Some examples:

</div>
<span id=".E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Complements" class="mw-headline">把 Sentences with Complements</span>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Because 把 sentences are all about disposal, and
[complements](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Complements)
in Mandarin often handle this issue, it's good to be aware of how these
two grammar features interact.

[Result
complements](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement)
work particularly well in 把 sentences. When you consider that both
structures deal with the result or outcome of an action, this makes
sense. The majority of result complements (except for perception verbs)
fit in very well in a 把 construction. For example:

<div class="liju">
-   我 *把* 作业 做 **完** 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ *bǎ* zuòyè zuò
    **wán** le.</span><span class="trans">I finished doing my
    homework.</span>
-   老师 *把* 我 的 名字 读 **错** 了 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī *bǎ*
    wǒ de míngzì dú **cuò** le.</span><span class="trans">The teacher
    read my name wrong.</span>

</div>
[Direction
complements](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Direction_complement)
also work well in 把 constructions, for similar reasons. For example:

<div class="liju">
-   请 *把* 客人 带 **进去** 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng *bǎ* kèrén dài
    **jìnqù**.</span><span class="trans">Please take the guests
    inside.</span>
-   *把* 我 的 眼镜 拿 **过来** 。<span class="pinyin">*Bǎ* wǒ de
    yǎnjìng ná **guòlái**.</span><span class="trans">Please bring my
    glasses over here.</span>

</div>
Note that [potential
complements](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Potential_complement)
do not appear in 把 sentences. This is because they are hypothetical,
whereas a 把 sentence must describe what actually happens.

<span id="Forming_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Forming 把 Sentences</span>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

### <span id="Negating_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Negating 把 Sentences</span>

To negate a 把 sentence, insert 不要 or 别 (present or future) or 没有
(past) directly in front of 把. You can't put it after 把, 'inside' the
把 construction, as this would break the rule about describing what
happened to the object. It would be like saying "What happened to ...
was nothing." It doesn't sound natural.

<div class="liju">
  Subject   *Negative*   把   Object     Verb Phrase   
  --------- ------------ ---- ---------- ------------- ----
  阿姨      *没有*       把   房间       打扫 干净     。
  我        *没*         把   钱         借给 他       。
  你们      *不要*       把   这 件 事   告诉 她       。

  : A few examples:

</div>
### <span id="Question_Forms_of_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Question Forms of 把 Sentences</span>

You can make 把 sentences into questions in the usual three ways to form
questions in Mandarin:

-   With a question particle
-   With a question word
-   With positive-negative verbs

Some examples:

<div class="liju">
-   你们 *把* **那个 问题** 解决 了 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen *bǎ*
    **nàge wèntí** jiějué le ma?</span><span class="trans">Did you solve
    that problem?</span>
-   你 *把* **我 手机** 放 在哪儿 了 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ *bǎ* **wǒ
    shǒujī** fàng zài nǎr le?</span><span class="trans">Where did you
    put my cell phone?</span>
-   他 *把* **钱** 借 给 谁 了 ?<span class="pinyin">Tā *bǎ* **qián**
    jiè gěi shéi le?</span><span class="trans">Who did he lend the money
    to?</span>
-   你 能不能 *把* **你 房间** 打扫 干净 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ néng
    bu néng *bǎ* **nǐ fángjiān** dǎsǎo
    gānjìng?</span><span class="trans">Can you clean your room or
    not?</span>

</div>
Be careful how you form questions with 把 sentences though. Remember
that you have to have a definite object, and you have to describe the
disposal of that object. A question form could easily get in the way of
one of these conditions.

### <span id="Adverbs_in_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Adverbs in 把 Sentences</span>

Adverbs can usually be placed before 把 or before the verb (the
exception is negative adverbs, as described above). Adverbs in each of
these positions can change the meaning in slightly different ways, as
demonstrated with 都 in the examples below. In the first sentence,
我们都把作业做完了, 都 modifies 我们 to make "We all finished the
homework." In the second sentence, 都 modifies 咖啡 to make "He finished
all the coffee".

<div class="liju">
  Subj.   Adv.       *把*   Object   Adv.     Verb Phrase        
  ------- ---------- ------ -------- -------- ------------------ ----
  我们    **都**     *把*   作业     ''''     做 完 了           。
  他                 *把*   咖啡     **都**   喝 完 了           。
  他      **已经**   把     钱                还给 我 了         。
  我      **可能**   把     手机              忘 在 朋友 家 了   。

  : Some examples:

</div>
(Note the subtle difference in meaning between the first two sentences.)

### <span id=".E6.8A.8A_Sentences_with_Aspect_Particles" class="mw-headline">把 Sentences with Aspect Particles</span>

The particles 了 and 着 can both be used with 把 constructions, while 过
cannot. This is because the object of a 把 construction must be obvious,
or 'present' in some way in the context. 过 indicates some kind of
action in the past, which suggests that the object is no longer present
in the context, so it's not suitable for a 把 construction.

了 and 着, though, can be used to indicate that the disposal of the
object is complete or ongoing, respectively.

<div class="liju">
  Subject   把   Object       Verb   *Aspect particle*   
  --------- ---- ------------ ------ ------------------- ----
            把   你 的 电脑   带     *着*                。
            把   门           开     *着*                。
  我        把   这件事       忘     *了*                。
  她        把   垃圾         扔     *了*                。

  : Some examples:

</div>
### <span id=".E6.8A.8A_Sentences_and_Quantity_Phrase" class="mw-headline">把 Sentences and Quantity Phrase</span>

As mentioned above, the object of a 把 sentence must be something
specific and definite. This might involve noun [measure
words](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_word),
which will come after the 把 and before the object.

<div class="liju">
  Subject   把   *Quantity Phrase*   Noun      Verb Phrase   
  --------- ---- ------------------- --------- ------------- ----
  我        把   那 *两 件*          脏 衣服   洗 干净 了    。
  他        把   最后 *三 块*        蛋糕      吃 完 了      。
  你        把   这 *几 句*          话        读 一下       。

  : Some examples:

</div>
[Verb measure
words](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Verb_measure_words)
are frequently used in 把 sentences and come at the end of a 把
sentence.

<div class="liju">
  Subject   把   Object    Verb      *Quantity Phrase*   
  --------- ---- --------- --------- ------------------- ----
            把   课文      读        *一 遍*             。
  她        把   这个 字   写 了     *十 遍*             。
  他        把   手机      摔坏 过   *两 三 次*          。

  : Some examples:

</div>
Note that in all of these sentences, the object is something specific
and definite.

<span id="Verbs_for_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Verbs for 把 Sentences</span>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Some verbs generally can't indicate what happened *to* the object. They
only describe what the subject did. Here are some examples of verbs that
do not generally work in 把 sentences:

-   Psychological verbs
    -   爱 (ài) to love
    -   喜欢 (xǐhuan) to like
    -   想 (xiǎng) to miss
    -   了解 (liǎojiě) to know
    -   害怕 (hàipà) to fear
    -   恨 (hèn ) to hate

<!-- -->

-   Perception verbs
    -   看 (kàn)
    -   听 (tīng)
    -   闻 (wén)
    -   像 (xiàng)

<span id="Other_Use_of_.E6.8A.8A" class="mw-headline">Other Use of 把</span>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

It's important to note that 把 has other uses. The most common is as a
[measure
word](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_word)
for things with handles, or things that you hold. Examples include
一把伞, 一把枪, and 一把椅子. So, you've got to look at how 把 is being
used in a sentence before you can understand its meaning.

To demonstrate the difference, here's a sentence with both kinds of 把
in:

<div class="liju">
-   请 你 *把* 那 **把** 伞 拿 给 我 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng nǐ *bǎ*
    nà **bǎ** sǎn ná gěi wǒ.</span><span class="trans">Please give me
    that umbrella.</span>

</div>
<span id="See_also" class="mw-headline">See also</span>
-------------------------------------------------------

-   [Result
    complement](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement)
-   [Direction
    complement](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Direction_complement)
-   [Bei
    sentence](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Bei_sentence)
-   [Aspect
    particles](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Aspect_particles)

<span id="Sources_and_further_reading" class="mw-headline">Sources and further reading</span>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

### <span id="Books" class="mw-headline">Books</span>

-   [A Practical Chinese Grammar For
    Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A_Practical_Chinese_Grammar_For_Foreigners_(%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)) (pp.
    461-70)
    [→buy](http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA)
-   [Basic Patterns of Chinese
    Grammar](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar) (pp.
    53-4) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2ykU1OD)
-   [Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second
    Edition](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition) (pp.
    159-64) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2h67UYa)
-   [Chinese Grammar Without
    Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_Without_Tears_(%E7%AE%80%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C)) (pp.
    167-81) \[ →buy\]
-   [Common Chinese Patterns
    330 (汉语常用格式330例)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Common_Chinese_Patterns_330_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F330%E4%BE%8B)) (pp.
    3-5) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2zBMfhl)
-   [Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2
    (3rd ed)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)) (pp.
    142-4) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2femBuy)
-   [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part
    2](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2) (pp.
    225-7, 321-3) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2ftpILV)
-   [Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference
    Grammar](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Mandarin_Chinese:_A_Functional_Reference_Grammar) (pp.
    463-92) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2yOtlXc)
-   [Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical
    Guide](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide) (pp.
    354-5) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2xCpX2m)
-   [New Practical Chinese Reader
    2 (新实用汉语课本2)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_2_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC2)) (pp.
    41-2, 88)
    [→buy](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297)
-   [New Practical Chinese Reader
    3 (新实用汉语课本3)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3)) (pp.
    15, 51, 101-2)
    [→buy](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X)
-   [40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course
    (基础汉语40课下册)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8B%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89) (pp.
    369-70, 384, 398-9)
    [→buy](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20)

### <span id="Websites" class="mw-headline">Websites</span>

-   Mandarin Essential Grammar (Yale): [把
    Construction](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/ba/grammar/ba.htm)
-   CTCFL (Oxford): [The 把
    Construction](http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/Ba.htm)
-   ChinesePod: [Qing Wen - The Magic Word
    把](http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-magic-word-%E6%8A%8A) (free
    podcast content)
-   ChinesePod: [Qing Wen - 把
    Humbug](http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E6%8A%8A-humbug) (free
    podcast content)
-   FluentU: [The Definite Guide to the Chinese Ba
    Construction](http://www.fluentu.com/chinese/blog/2015/04/01/mandarin-chinese-ba/)
-   Mandarin Online:
    [把字句](http://xmmandarinonline.com/2010/10/grammar-the-ba3-sentence/)
-   Just Learn Chinese (blog): [Lesson 10 How to understand and use
    Chinese sentence pattern
    “…把…”?](http://justlearnchinese.com/lesson-10-how-to-understand-and-use-pattern-%E2%80%9C-%E6%8A%8A-%E2%80%9D-in-chinese/)

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[Categories](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:Categories):

-   [Structures](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Category:Structures)
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