{{Grammar Box}}
Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the usage of 有.
== Completed Verbs ==
In the Chinese language, there are verbs called “completed verbs.” These verbs are usually followed by a compliment, as they are not verbs that are ongoing. This is referring to the past tense.
=== Structure ===
Subj. + 有 + Verb + Obj.
=== Examples ===
*你 有 说 错 这 句 话 。You said this sentence wrong.
*老板 有 学 会 上海话 。The boss studied the Shanghai dialect.
*我们 有 听 懂 你的 话 。I understood what you said.
*我 有 看到 她 跟 你 前男友 在 一起。I saw her and your ex-boyfriend together.
*我们 都 有 听到 宝宝 哭。We all heard the baby cry.
== Action Verbs ==
There are also verbs categorized as “action verbs.” In Taiwanese Mandarin, when 有 is put in front of these verbs, it actually indicates that the verb is still continuing.
=== Structure ===
Subj. + 有 + Verb + Obj.
=== Examples ===
*我 有 吃 药，可是 感冒 还是 美好 。I have taken medicine, but my cold hasn’t gotten better.
*他 有 告诉 我 你的 电话 号码 。He has told me your phone number.
*我 有 考虑 你 提的 建议。I have considered the suggestion you proposed.
*她 有 拿 你的 钱 吗？Has she taken your money?
== Adj. that follow 有 with 到 ==
Adjectives can also follow 有. These adjectives are all in the past tense, with a 到 following the adjective.
=== Structure ===
Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到
=== Examples ===
* 第一次 做 这么 多 运动，真的 有 累 到 。The first time I exercised so much, I was so tired.
* 他 突然 提出 跟 我 分手，我 真的 有 伤 到 。He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.
* 你 买 了 那么 多 二手 家具，有 省 到 吗？You bought so many second-hand furniture. Does it save you a lot of money?
* 你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来，我 真的有 吓 到 ！You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared!
* 这 家 店 今天 全场 打 一 折，我 买 了 好 多，有 赚 到！Everything in this store is 90% off today. I bought a lot. It was so cheap!
== Adj. not in the past tense using 有 ==
Some adjectives can follow 有 and are not used as the past tense.
=== Structure ===
Subj. + 有 + Adj.
=== Examples ===
* 你 跟 你 妈妈 有 像 耶 ！You and your mom look alike!
* 他 那天 有 生气。He was angry the other day.
* 我 有 紧张 吗？Was I nervous?
* 她 当然 有 失望，你 又 忘了 她 的 生日！Of course she was disappointed. You forgot her birthday again!
* 你 那么 大声 说话，我们 都 有 害怕。We were all scared when you shout at us.
== 了 after the verb ==
When adding a 了after the verb, you’re stressing that the action is completed.
=== Structure ===
Subj. + 有 + Verb + 了
=== Examples ===
*我 刚才 有上 厕所 了。I just now finished using the restaurant.
*他 有 吃 中饭 了 。He finished eating lunch.
*老板 早上有 喝 咖啡 了。The boss drank coffee this morning.
*我 有 发 微信 给 你 了。I already sent you a WeChat.
*我们 昨晚 有 吵架 了 。We fought last night.
== 过 after the verb ==
=== Structure ===
Subj. + 有 + Verb + 过 + Obj.
=== Examples ===
*我 有 去 过 中国。I have been to China.
*他 有 吃 过 小笼包。He has eaten steamed dumplings.
*你 有 见 过 那 个 人 吗？Have you seen that person before?
*我 有 做 过 这样 的 工作。I have done work like this before.
*你 有 自己 做 过 饭 吗？Have you ever cooked for yourself?
*你 有 学 过 中文？Have you ever studied Chinese?
*你 有 看 过 这 个 电影 吗？Have you seen this movie?
*我 有 学 过 这 个 词。I have studied this word.
*我 有 用 过 电脑，我 会 用。I have used a computer before, I can use it.
*我 有 买 过 这里 的 巧克力，不 好吃。I have bought the chocolate here, it's not good.
== 在 after 有 ==
In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is the equivalent to the English –ing. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not in the past tense, but rather a continuing action.
=== Structure ===
Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb
=== Examples ===
*那 时候 你 有 在 工作 吗？At that time, were you working?
*这家 店 有 在 卖 小孩子的 衣服 吗？Is this store selling children’s clothes?
*我 有 在 考虑 跟 她 分手 。I am considering breaking up with her.
*我 妈妈 有 在 吃素 。 My mom is a vegetarian.
*你的 学生 有 在 写 日记 吗？ Do your students write diaries?
== Sources and further reading ==
=== Books ===
{{Source|A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)|138|link=http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA}}
*[[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 59-60) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
*[[Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) ]] (pp. 73-4) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU →buy]
*[[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 83- 4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
*[[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp. 345-7) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
*[[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (pp. 49-51) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy]
*[[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 76-7, 230-2) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
*[[New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)]] (pp. 175-6) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）]] (p. 188)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]
=== Websites ===
*ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E8%BF%87guo Qing Wen - 过(guo)] (free podcast content)
*[http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/60384/1/101501.pdf]
{{Used for|Referring to the past}}
{{Used for|Referring to past experiences}}
[[Category:B2 grammar points]]
[[Category:Taiwanese Mandarin]]
{{Basic Grammar|有|B2|有 + Verb + 过|我 有 去 过 中国。|grammar point|ASGY2D79}}
{{Rel char|过}}
{{Similar|Expressing experiences with "guo"}}
{{Translation|have}}
{{POS|Particles}}