The Basic "How to do" Something with "zěnme" "怎么"
怎么 (zěnme) means "how" in Chinese, and it's not hard to use at all: just put it before a verb.
Contents
The Basic "How to Verb" Something
Structure
The question word 怎么 (zěnme) is used to ask how in Chinese. It is inserted in front of the verb that's being asked about:
Subj. + 怎么 + Verb + Obj.
Note that the subject can often be omitted from general "how to" questions, and there doesn't always have to be an object.
Examples
- 你们 怎么 学 中文?
Nǐmen zěnme xué Zhōngwén?
How do you study Chinese?
- 你 怎么 上班?坐 地铁 吗?
Nǐ zěnme shàngbān? Zuò dìtiě ma?
How do you get to work? By metro?
- 你 知道 怎么 去 外滩 吗?
Nǐ zhīdao zěnme qù Wàitān ma?
Do you know how to get to the Bund?
- 你 怎么 知道 我 喜欢 旅行?
Nǐ zěnme zhīdao wǒ xǐhuan lǚxíng?
How did you know I like to travel?
- 我 不 知道 怎么 跟 女孩子 说话。
Wǒ bù zhīdao zěnme gēn nǚháizi shuōhuà.
I don't know how to talk to girls.
Topic First
Starting a "how to" question with the topic at the beginning of the question is very common. That is, the thing being asked about is introduced first, then a question is asked about how to do something involving it.
Structure
Topic + 怎么 + Verb
The object doesn't have to come after the verb. Sometimes it moves to the front of the question, establishing what the question is going to be about, before getting specific with the "how" question.
Examples
- 芒果 怎么 吃?
Mángguǒ zěnme chī?
How do you eat mangos?
- iPad 怎么 用?
iPad zěnme yòng?
How do you use an iPad?
- 语法 怎么 学 ?
Yǔfǎ zěnme xué?
How do you study grammar?
- 中国 菜 怎么 做?
Zhōngguó cài zěnme zuò?
How do you cook Chinese food?
- "Apple" 怎么 说?
"Apple" zěnme shuō?
How do you say "apple"?
See also
Sources and further reading
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed) (p. 191)
- 现代汉语八百词(增订本) (pp. 651-2)
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (p. 163)