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<p>Both <a href="%E4%B8%8D" title="wikilink">不 (bù)</a> and
<a href="%E6%B2%A1" title="wikilink">没 (méi)</a> can be placed in
front of a verb or adjective to negate its meaning. However, 不 (bù)
and 没 (méi) are not usually interchangeable, so it's important to
learn when you must use 不 (bù) as opposed to 没 (méi), and vice
versa.</p>
<h2 id="不-bù-negates-in-the-present-and-future">不 (bù) Negates in
the Present and Future</h2>
<p>不 (bù) is generally used to negate an action that you <em>do not
want to do</em> or <em>do not intend to do</em> (in the future). So
expressing things like "I don't want to go" or "I'm not going"
would be uses of 不 (bù).</p>
<h3 id="structure">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + 不 + Verb</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<p>Whether it's "don't wanna do it" or "not gonna do it," use 不
(bù):</p>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>我 今天 晚上 <em>不</em> 喝酒。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ jīntiān wǎnshang
<em>bù</em> hējiǔ.</span><span class="trans">Tonight I'm not going
to drink.</span></li>
<li>爸爸 <em>不</em> 回来 吃 晚饭。<span class="pinyin">Bàba <em>bù</em>
huílái chī wǎnfàn.</span><span class="trans">Dad is not coming back
to eat dinner.</span></li>
<li>老板 明天 <em>不</em> 来 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn míngtiān
<em>bù</em> lái.</span><span class="trans">The boss won't come
tomorrow.</span></li>
<li>我 知道 这 个 周末 <em>不</em> 下雨。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhīdào zhège
zhōumò <em>bù</em> xiàyǔ.</span><span class="trans">I know it's not
going to rain this weekend.</span></li>
<li>你 女朋友 <em>不</em> 跟 你 一起 去 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ nǚpéngyou
<em>bù</em> gēn nǐ yīqǐ qù ma?</span> <span class="trans">Is your
girlfriend not going with you?</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="不-bù-negates-habitual-actions">不 (bù) Negates Habitual
Actions</h2>
<p>不 (bù) can be used to negate habitual actions, to express what
you just aren't in the habit of doing, such as eating meat, or
watching TV, or drinking alcohol. This is simply done by placing 不
(bù) in front of the verb.</p>
<h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + 不 + Verb + Obj.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>我 <em>不</em> 吃 肉。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>bù</em> chī
ròu.</span><span class="trans">I don't eat meat.</span></li>
<li>你们 都 <em>不</em> 喝酒 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen dōu <em>bù</em>
hējiǔ ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you all not drink
alcohol?</span></li>
<li>他 <em>不</em> 喜欢 说话。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>bù</em> xǐhuan
shuōhuà.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't like to
speak.</span></li>
<li>你 <em>不</em> 用 手机 看书 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>bù</em> yòng
shǒujī kàn shū ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you not use your
phone to read books?</span></li>
<li>你 晚上 <em>不</em> 洗澡 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ wǎnshang
<em>bù</em> xǐzǎo ma?</span> <span class="trans">Don't you shower
at night?</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Please note that, while it is grammatically correct to use 没
(méi) in all the sentences above, 没 (méi) does not negate any
<em>habitual</em> actions. The sentences above, if they contained 没
(méi) instead of 不 (bù), would express that the speaker <em>didn't
do</em> the named activity (at one particular point <em>in the
past</em>). So it would not be about <em>habitual actions</em>.</p>
<h2 id="不-bù-is-normally-used-with-adjectives">不 (bù) Is Normally
Used with Adjectives</h2>
<p>When it comes to a simple negation of an adjective (such as "not
cold"), use 不 (bù).</p>
<h3 id="structure-2">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>不 + Adj.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-2">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>我们 <em>不</em> 饿。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>bù</em>
è.</span><span class="trans">We're not hungry.</span></li>
<li>你 <em>不</em> 胖。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>bù</em>
pàng.</span><span class="trans">You are not fat.</span></li>
<li>我 家 <em>不</em> 远。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ jiā <em>bù</em>
yuǎn.</span><span class="trans">My home is not far.</span></li>
<li>今天 <em>不</em> 冷。<span class="pinyin">Jīntiān <em>bù</em>
lěng.</span><span class="trans">Today it isn't cold.</span></li>
<li>我 觉得 Starbucks 的 咖啡 <em>不</em> 好喝。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ juéde
Starbucks de kāfēi <em>bù</em> hǎohē.</span><span class="trans">I
think the coffee at Starbucks isn't good.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="不-bù-is-for-asking-questions">不 (bù) Is for Asking
Questions</h2>
<p>There are couple ways to use 不 (bù) to ask questions. One such
way is through <a href="Affirmative-negative_question" title=
"wikilink">affirmative-negative questions</a>. This is done by
stating a verb and then immediately repeating that verb in a
negative state (with 不 (bù)).</p>
<h3 id="structure-3">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + Verb + 不 + Verb + Obj.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-3">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>你 是 不<em>是</em> 我 的 老师?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shì <em>bu</em>
shì wǒ de lǎoshī?</span> <span class="trans">Are you my teacher or
not?</span></li>
<li>她 想 <em>不</em> 想 来?<span class="pinyin">Tā xiǎng <em>bu</em>
xiǎnglái?</span> <span class="trans">Does she want to
come?</span></li>
<li>你 爱 <em>不</em> 爱 我?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ ài <em>bu</em> ài
wǒ?</span> <span class="trans">Do you love me or not?</span></li>
<li>你们 周末 上 <em>不</em> 上班?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen zhōumò shàng
<em>bu</em> shàngbān?</span> <span class="trans">Do you all go to
work on weekends?</span></li>
<li>你 的 外国 朋友们 喜 <em>不</em> 喜欢 吃 中国菜?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de
wàiguó péngyoumen xǐ <em>bu</em> xǐhuan chī Zhōngguó cài?</span>
<span class="trans">Do your foreign friends like to eat Chinese
food?</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>不 (bù) can also be used to form <a href=
"Tag_questions_with_&quot;bu&quot;" title="wikilink">tag
questions</a>. Tag questions use the positive-negative question
form, but are placed at the end of the sentence. Tag questions are
used to seek approval or acceptance for a statement, very similar
to the English "OK?" or "right?" You can't use 没 (méi) for
this.</p>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>我们 去 吃饭 ,好 <strong>没</strong> 好? <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen qù
chīfàn, hǎo <strong>méi</strong> hǎo?</span></li>
<li>我们 去 吃饭 ,好 <em>不</em> 好? <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen qù chīfàn,
hǎo <em>bu</em> hǎo?</span> <span class="trans">Let's go eat, is
that OK?</span></li>
<li>你们 是 好 朋友 ,对 <strong>没</strong> 对?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen
shì hǎo péngyou, duì <strong>méi</strong> duì?</span></li>
<li>你们 是 好 朋友 ,对 <em>不</em> 对?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen shì hǎo
péngyou, duì <em>bu</em> duì?</span> <span class="trans">You are
good friends, right?</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="没-méi-negates-past-actions">没 (méi) Negates Past
Actions</h2>
<p>没 (méi) and 没有 (méiyǒu) can both be used to <a href=
"Negation_of_past_actions_with_&quot;meiyou&quot;" title=
"wikilink">negate actions that occurred in the past</a>, or to say
that something has not happened yet.</p>
<h3 id="structure-4">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + 没(有) + Verb + Obj.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-4">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>他 <em>没有</em> 打 电话 给 我 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>méiyǒu</em>
dǎ diànhuà gěi wǒ.</span><span class="trans">He did not give me a
call.</span></li>
<li>你 <em>没</em> 去 上班 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>méi</em> qù
shàngbān ma?</span> <span class="trans">You didn't go to
work?</span></li>
<li>我 昨天 <em>没</em> 喝酒。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān <em>méi</em>
hējiǔ.</span><span class="trans">I did not drink alcohol
yesterday.</span></li>
<li>妈妈 <em>没有</em> 做 晚饭。<span class="pinyin">Māma <em>méiyǒu</em>
zuò wǎnfàn.</span><span class="trans">Mom did not cook
dinner.</span></li>
<li>他们 吃 完 饭 以后 <em>没</em> 付 钱。 <span class="pinyin">Tāmen chī wán
fàn yǐhòu <em>méi</em> fù qián.</span><span class="trans">They
didn't pay after they finished eating.</span></li>
<li>我 昨天 <strong>不</strong> 喝酒。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān
<strong>bù</strong> hējiǔ.</span><span class="trans">I not drink
wine yesterday.</span></li>
<li>我 上个 周末 <strong>不</strong> 跟 他 见面。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ shàng
gè zhōumò <strong>bù</strong> gēn tā jiànmiàn.</span><span class=
"trans">I not meet with him last weekend.</span></li>
<li>上个月 你 <strong>不</strong> 去 北京 吗? <span class="pinyin">Shàng gè
yuè nǐ <strong>bù</strong> qù Běijīng?</span> <span class=
"trans">You not go to Beijing last month?</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>There are a few things worth noting in these examples. For one,
it is still grammatically correct to leave out the 有 (yǒu) in the
sentences using 没有 (méiyǒu). Also, the sentences using 不 (bù)
<em>would be</em> grammatically correct, if not for the time words
telling us that it is definitely the <strong>past</strong> we're
talking about.</p>
<h2 id="only-没-méi-negates-有-yǒu">Only 没 (méi) Negates 有 (yǒu)</h2>
<p><a href="Negation_of_past_actions_with_&quot;meiyou&quot;"
title="wikilink">没 (méi) can be used to negate the verb 有 (yǒu)</a>
("to have") to mean "do not have." You can only use 没 (méi) to
convey this meaning. It is grammatically incorrect to use 不 (bù) to
negate 有 (yǒu).</p>
<h3 id="structure-5">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Subj. + 没有 + Obj.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-5">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>我 <strong>不 有</strong> 钱。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>bù
yǒu</strong> qián.</span></li>
<li>我 <em>没有</em> 钱。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>méiyǒu</em>
qián.</span><span class="trans">I don't have money.</span></li>
<li>他 <strong>不 有</strong> 女朋友。<span class="pinyin">Tā <strong>bù
yǒu</strong> nǚpéngyou.</span></li>
<li>他 <em>没有</em> 女朋友。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>méiyǒu</em>
nǚpéngyou.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't have a
girlfriend.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>There are times when you can leave out 有 (yǒu) entirely while
still expressing 没有 (méiyǒu), (meaning "to not have" or "there is
no"). One well-known example of this is <a href=
"Inability_with_&quot;mei_banfa&quot;" title="wikilink">没办法 (méi
bànfǎ)</a> ("there is no way" [that's gonna happen]). Both 没 (méi)
and 没有 (méiyǒu) are correct, however.</p>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>我 <em>没</em> 办法。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>méi</em>
bànfǎ.</span><span class="trans">I don't have a way.</span></li>
<li>我 <em>没有</em> 办法。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>méiyǒu</em>
bànfǎ.</span><span class="trans">I don't have a way.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>(You can also <a href="Inability_with_&quot;mei_banfa&quot;"
title="wikilink">use 没办法 (méi bànfǎ)</a> to express other
meanings.)</p>
<h2 id="没-méi-is-for-making-comparisons">没 (méi) Is for Making
Comparisons</h2>
<p>没 (méi) or 没有 (méiyǒu) can be used to make <a href=
"basic_comparisons_with_&quot;meiyou&quot;" title="wikilink">simple
comparisons</a> meaning "not as... as...":</p>
<h3 id="structure-6">Structure</h3>
<div class="jiegou">
<p>Noun 1 + 没有 + Noun 2 + Adj.</p>
</div>
<h3 id="examples-6">Examples</h3>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>你 <strong>不 有</strong> 我 高。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>bù
yǒu</strong> wǒ gāo.</span></li>
<li>你 <em>没有</em> 我 高。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>méiyǒu</em> wǒ
gāo.</span><span class="trans">You are not as tall as
me.</span></li>
<li>我 的 手机 <strong>不 有</strong> 他 的 手机 贵。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ
de shǒujī <strong>bù yǒu</strong> tā de shǒujī guì.</span></li>
<li>我 的 手机 <em>没有</em> 他 的 手机 贵。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de shǒujī
<em>méiyǒu</em> tā de shǒujī guì.</span><span class="trans">My cell
phone isn't as expensive as his.</span></li>
<li>我们 都 <strong>不 有</strong> 老板 忙。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu
<strong>bù yǒu</strong> lǎobǎn máng.</span></li>
<li>我们 都 <em>没有</em> 老板 忙。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu
<em>méiyǒu</em> lǎobǎn máng.</span><span class="trans">We all are
not as busy as the boss.</span></li>
<li>上海 的 冬天 <strong>不 有</strong> 北京 的 冬天 冷。 <span class=
"pinyin">Shànghǎi de dōngtiān <strong>bù yǒu</strong> Běijīng de
dōngtiān lěng.</span></li>
<li>上海 的 冬天 <em>没有</em> 北京 的 冬天 冷。 <span class="pinyin">Shànghǎi de
dōngtiān <em>méiyǒu</em> Běijīng de dōngtiān
lěng.</span><span class="trans">Shanghai winters are not as cold
Beijing winters.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>You can only use 没 (méi) or 没有 (méiyǒu) for this purpose, and
<strong>not</strong> 不 (bù).</p>
<h2 id="不-bù-is-used-almost-exclusively-with-certain-verbs">不 (bù)
Is Used Almost Exclusively with Certain Verbs</h2>
<p>Certain verbs just don't get negated by 没 (méi) or 没有 (méiyǒu)
ever. These include the verbs 是 (shì) ("to be") and 在 (zài) ("to be
(in a place)"), as well as some psychological verbs such as 知道
(zhīdào) ("to know") and 认识 (rènshi) ("to know (a person)"). For
these verbs, it's best to just take them on a case-by-case basis.
Being aware of their existence can save you a fair bit of
confusion.</p>
<div class="liju">
<ul>
<li>他 以前 <strong>没</strong> 是 我的 老板。<span class="pinyin">Tā yǐqián
<strong>méi</strong> shì wǒ de lǎobǎn.</span></li>
<li>他 以前 <em>不</em> 是 我的 老板。<span class="pinyin">Tā yǐqián
<em>bù</em> shì wǒ de lǎobǎn.</span><span class="trans">He was not
my boss before.</span></li>
<li>我 <strong>没</strong> 知道 他 要 来 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ
<strong>méi</strong> zhīdào tā yào lái.</span></li>
<li>我 <em>不</em> 知道 他 要 来。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>bù</em>
zhīdào tā yào lái.</span><span class="trans">I didn't know he was
coming.</span></li>
<li>他 小 时候 <strong>没</strong> 认识 她 。<span class="pinyin">Tā xiǎo
shíhou <strong>méi</strong> rènshi tā.</span></li>
<li>他 小时候 <em>不</em> 认识 她。<span class="pinyin">Tā xiǎo shíhou
<em>bù</em> rènshi tā.</span><span class="trans">He did not know
her when he was young.</span></li>
<li>昨天 我 <strong>没</strong> 在 家。<span class="expl">Use of 没 with 在
is technically incorrect, but you sometimes hear
it.</span><span class="pinyin">Zuótiān wǒ <strong>méi</strong> zài
jiā.</span></li>
<li>昨天 我 <em>不</em> 在 家 。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān wǒ
<em>bù</em> zài jiā.</span><span class="trans">I was not home
yesterday.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Note that in non-standard Mandarin you might encounter
exceptions to this rule. It's still useful to know the rule!</p>
<h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further
reading</h2>
<h3 id="websites">Websites</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.docin.com/p-20925643.html" class=
"uri">http://www.docin.com/p-20925643.html</a></li>
<li><a href=
"http://wenku.baidu.com/view/e2e8eb2ce2bd960590c67703.html" class=
"uri">http://wenku.baidu.com/view/e2e8eb2ce2bd960590c67703.html</a></li>
<li>ChinesePod Qing Wen: <a href=
"https://chinesepod.com/lessons/when-to-use-%E2%80%9C%E4%B8%8D%E2%80%9D-bu-and-%E2%80%9C%E6%B2%A1%E2%80%9D-mei">
When To Use “不” bù and “没” méi?</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="videos">Videos</h3>
<ul>
<li>Yoyo Chinese: <a href=
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=340G2Sw4Z50&amp;list=PL94A5E422FB99CDDD">
Negation word 不</a></li>
<li>Yoyo Chinese: <a href=
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMaE2w7C5qI&amp;list=PL94A5E422FB99CDDD&amp;index=12">
Negation word 没</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="books">Books</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition" title=
"wikilink">Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition</a> (pp.
141-4) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0415372615">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed)" title=
"wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)</a> (pp.
137-9) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276385">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href=
"New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_1_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC1)"
title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)</a> (p.
87) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=7561910401">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href=
"New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_1_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC1)(2nd_ed)"
title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd
ed)</a> (pp. 102, 250-1) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561926235/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399373&amp;creativeASIN=7561926235">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href="Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition" title=
"wikilink">Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition</a> (pp.
54-5) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0415372615">
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<li><a href=
"New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3)"
title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)</a> (pp.
33-4) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=756191251X">
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<li><a href="Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition" title=
"wikilink">Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition</a> (p.
51) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0415372615">
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<li><a href=
"%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89"
class="uri" title="wikilink">现代汉语八百词(增订本)</a> (p. 382) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1345693275&amp;sr=8-1">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href=
"Practicing_HSK_Grammar_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%B2%BE%E8%AE%B2%E7%B2%BE%E7%82%BC)"
title="wikilink">Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)</a> (p. 32)
<a href=
"http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-23&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;asin=B001N6R7DI&amp;camp=536&amp;creative=3132&amp;creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href=
"%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89"
class="uri" title="wikilink">现代汉语八百词(增订本)</a> (p. 383) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1345693275&amp;sr=8-1">
→buy</a></li>
<li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed)" title=
"wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)</a> (p. 31)
<a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276385">
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<li><a href="Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(1st_ed)" title=
"wikilink">Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (1st ed)</a> (pp.
85-86) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=0887276385">→buy</a></li>
<li><a href=
"New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_1_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC1)(2nd_ed)"
title="wikilink">New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd
ed)</a> (p. 218) <a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-20&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=217145&amp;creative=399369&amp;creativeASIN=7561910401">
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<li><a href=
"Reference:Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BE%E9%A1%B9%E8%AE%B2%E7%BB%83_-_%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7)"
title="wikilink">Reference:Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100
items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)</a>(不
没p.156)<a href=
"http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;tag=allset-23&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;camp=536&amp;creative=3132&amp;creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ">→buy</a></li>
<li><a href=
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title="wikilink">40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course
(基础汉语40课上册)</a> (p. 157-8)<a href=
"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=allset-20">→buy</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="Category:grammar_comparison" title=
"wikilink">Category:grammar comparison</a></p>
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