You may have learned that 在 (zài) and
正在
(zhèngzài) can be used before verbs to express that an action is
ongoing or in progress. They are used to create
the Mandarin equivalent of present continuous in English.
But that pattern is actually a part of a longer, fuller pattern.
It's rarely used in its full form, but bits and pieces of it are
frequently used in everyday speech, so it's important to know the
full form, even if you don't use it regularly yourself.
Structure
Subj. + 正在 + Verb + 着 + Obj. + 呢
It's important to remember that virtually every part of
the above pattern is optional, so you're going to
see all sorts of variations of it (and rarely the full form). The
most common variation is just the "在 + V"
pattern that you probably already learned long ago. Another common
variation is "正 + V" pattern.
Examples
Some examples using the verb phrase 上汉语课:
- 我们 在 上 汉语 课。Wǒmen zài
shàng Hànyǔ kè.
- 我们 在 上 汉语 课 呢。Wǒmen
zài shàng Hànyǔ kè ne.
- 我们 在 上 着 汉语 课 呢。Wǒmen zài shàng zhe Hànyǔ kè
ne.
- 我们 正在 上 汉语 课。Wǒmen
zhèngzài shàng Hànyǔ kè.
- 我们 正在上 汉语课 呢。Wǒmen
zhèngzài shàng Hànyǔ kè ne.
- 我们 正在上 着 汉语课 呢。Wǒmen zhèngzài shàng zhe Hànyǔ kè
ne.
- 我们 上 汉语 课 呢。Wǒmen shàng Hànyǔ kè
ne.
- 我们 上 着 汉语 课 呢。Wǒmen
shàng zhe Hànyǔ kè ne.All these sentences mean "We are having a Chinese
lesson."
Some examples using the verb phrase 看报纸:
- 她 在 看 报纸。Tā zài kàn
bàozhǐ.
- 她 看 报纸 呢。Tā kàn bàozhǐ
ne.
- 她 看着 报纸 呢。Tā kàn
zhe bàozhǐ ne.
- 她 正在 看 报纸。Tā zhèngzài
kàn bàozhǐ.
- 她 正 看 报纸 呢。Tā
zhèng kàn bàozhǐ ne.
- 她 正 看 着 报纸 呢。Tā
zhèng kàn zhe bàozhǐ
ne.All these sentences mean
"She is reading the newspaper."
Some examples using the verb phrase 喝啤酒:
- 我 在 喝 啤酒。Wǒ zài hē
píjiǔ.
- 我 喝 啤酒 呢。Wǒ hē píjiǔ
ne.
- 我 喝 着 啤酒 呢。Wǒ hē zhe píjiǔ
ne.
- 我 正在 喝 啤酒 呢。Wǒ
zhèngzài hē píjiǔ ne.
- 我 正 喝 啤酒 呢。Wǒ
zhèng hē píjiǔ ne.
- 我 正 喝 着 啤酒。Wǒ
zhèng hē zhe píjiǔ.All
these sentences mean "I am drinking beer."
Some examples using the separable verb 唱歌:
- 他们 正在 唱歌。Tāmen zhèngzài
chànggē.
- 他们 正 唱 着 歌。Tāmen
zhèng chàng zhe gē.
- 他们 唱 着 歌。Tāmen chàng zhe
gē.
- 他们 唱着 歌 呢。Tāmen chàng
zhe gē ne.All these
sentences mean "They are singing."
See also
Sources and further
reading
Books
Websites
Category:B1 grammar points