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[[#|[[File:Comparing%20%22changchang%22%20and%20%22jingchang%22%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/cog.png]]]] = Comparing "changchang" and "jingchang" =
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  • Level
    [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points B1]
  • Similar to
    • [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22pingshi%22_and_%22pingchang%22 Comparing "pingshi" and "pingchang"] (B2)
  • Used for
    [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_frequency Expressing frequency], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Describing_actions Describing actions], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Referring_to_habitual_actions Referring to habitual actions]
  • Keywords
    [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%B8%B8%E5%B8%B8 常常], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%BB%8F%E5%B8%B8 经常]
Both 常常 (chángcháng) and 经常 (jīngcháng) express similar concepts, though using them properly requires attention to some small details.
== Contents ==  [[[#|hide]]] 
* [[#Used_as_an_Adverb|1 Used as an Adverb]] ** [[#Structure|1.1 Structure]] ** [[#Examples|1.2 Examples]] * [[#Used_as_an_Adjective|2 Used as an Adjective]] * [[#Negative_Form|3 Negative Form]] * [[#See_also|4 See also]] * [[#Sources_and_further_reading|5 Sources and further reading]] ** [[#Books|5.1 Books]]
== Used as an Adverb == 常常 and 经常 both can be used to express frequency, meaning "often," and that the time between each instance it happens is very short. In this case, they are interchangeable. === Structure ===
常常 / 经常 + Verb
=== Examples ===
* 我 ''常常'' 收到 垃圾 短信 。Wǒ ''chángcháng'' shōudào lājī duǎnxìn.I often receive junk messages. * 你们 ''经常'' 加班 吗 ？Nǐmen ''jīngcháng'' jiābān ma?Do you often work late? * 他们 ''常常'' 吵架 。Tāmen ''chángcháng'' chǎojià.They often fight.
Note that 常常 or 经常 can't be placed before the subject:
* ''常常'' 他 不 吃 早饭 。''Chángcháng'' tā bù chī zǎo fàn. * 他 ''经常'' 不 吃 早饭 。Tā ''jīngcháng'' bù chī zǎo fàn.He often skips breakfast.
Note that 常 is often used for future actions in colloquial Chinese.
* ''常'' 来 玩 ！''Cháng'' lái wán!Come and hang out often! * ''常'' 联系 ！''Cháng'' liánxì!Let's keep in touch!
== Used as an Adjective == 经常 can also be used as an adjective referring to things that happens very frequently, or you can use 经常性 instead. 常常 can't be used this way. A few examples:
* 她 忘 带 钥匙 是 ''经常'' 的 事情 。Tā wàng dài yàoshi shì ''jīngcháng'' de shìqing.It's a regular thing for her to forget to bring her keys. * 游泳 是 王力 ''经常性'' 的 运动。yóuyǒng shì wánglì ''jīngchángxìng'' de yùndòng. It's a common job for a hotel's manager to deal with customers' complaints.
== Negative Form == 经常 and 常常 can share the same negative form '''不常'''. You can simply use 不 to negate 经常 while you can't do that with 常常. A few examples:
* 他 ''不 常'' 抽烟 。Tā ''bù cháng'' chōuyān.He doesn't smoke very often. * 我 妈妈 ''不 常'' 网购 。Wǒ māma ''bù cháng'' wǎng gòu.My mother doesn't often shop online. Try not to say: * 我 ''不 常常'' 看 电视 。Wǒ ''bù chángcháng'' kàn diànshì.I don't watch television very often.
== See also == * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Comparing_%22pingshi%22_and_%22pingchang%22 Comparing "pingshi" and "pingchang"] == Sources and further reading == === Books === * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/HSK_Standard_Course_5%E4%B8%8A HSK Standard Course 5上] (pp. 119) [https://amzn.to/2rwwnu1 →buy]
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