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[[#|[[File:Expressing%20%22already%22%20with%20%22dou%22%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/cog.png]]]] = Expressing "already" with "dou" =
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  • Level
    [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points B1]
  • Similar to
    • [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22already%22_with_%22yijing%22 Expressing "already" with "yijing"] (A2)
    • [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22already%22_with_just_%22le%22 Expressing "already" with just "le"] (A2)
    • [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_duration_of_inaction Expressing duration of inaction] (B1)
  • Used for
    [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_attitude Expressing attitude], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Emphasizing Emphasizing]
  • Keywords
    [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E9%83%BD 都], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%86 了]
  • Translations
    [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Already already]
[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-dou.jpg [[File:Expressing%20%22already%22%20with%20%22dou%22%20-%20Chinese%20Grammar%20Wiki_fichiers/300px-Chinese-grammar-wiki-dou.jpg|300x300px|Chinese-grammar-wiki-dou.jpg]]]
都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%22Already%22_with_%22yijing%22 已经⋯⋯了]. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了.
== Contents ==  [[[#|hide]]] 
* [[#Used_before_Time|1 Used before Time]] ** [[#Structure|1.1 Structure]] ** [[#Examples|1.2 Examples]] * [[#Used_before_Predicate|2 Used before Predicate]] ** [[#Structure_2|2.1 Structure]] ** [[#Examples_2|2.2 Examples]] * [[#See_also|3 See also]] * [[#Sources_and_further_reading|4 Sources and further reading]] ** [[#Books|4.1 Books]] ** [[#Dictionaries|4.2 Dictionaries]]
== Used before Time == === Structure === When 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is used at the beginning of a sentence, it will usually be followed with 还 (hái) or 还在 (háizài). This implies that the other party should stop some kind of action.
都 + Time + 了
=== Examples ===
* ''都'' 九点 '''了''' ，快点 起床 ！''Dōu'' jiǔ diǎn '''le''', kuài diǎn qǐchuáng!It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed! * ''都'' 十二 点 '''了''' ，你 '''还''' 不 睡 ？''Dōu'' shí'èr diǎn '''le''', nǐ '''hái''' bù shuì?It's already 12am. Aren't you going to bed? * ''都'' 二十一 世纪 '''了''' ，你 '''还''' 这么 想 ？''Dōu'' èrshí-yī shìjì '''le''', nǐ '''hái''' zhème xiǎng?It's already the 21st century and you still think this way? * ''都'' 一 个 小时 '''了''' ，他 '''还''' 在 厕所 里 。''Dōu'' yī gè xiǎoshí '''le''', tā '''hái''' zài cèsuǒ lǐ.It's already been an hour. He's still in the bathroom. * ''都'' 一 个 星期 '''了''' ，'''还在''' 下雨 。''Dōu'' yī gè xīngqī '''le''', '''háizài''' xiàyǔ.It's been raining for a week and it's still raining.
== Used before Predicate == === Structure ===
Subj. + 都 + Predicate + 了
The [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Predicate predicate] part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective. === Examples ===
* 饭 ''都'' 凉 '''了''' ，快 吃 吧 。Fàn ''dōu'' liáng '''le'''. Kuài chī ba.The food is cold already. Let's eat. * 牛奶 ''都'' 坏 '''了''' ，扔掉 吧 。Niúnǎi ''dōu'' huài '''le''', rēngdiào ba.The milk's gone bad. You should throw it away. * 我 ''都'' 说 了 三 遍 '''了''' 。别 烦 我 ！Wǒ ''dōu'' shuō le sān biàn '''le'''. Bié fán wǒ!I've said it three times already. Leave me alone! * 这个 电影 你 ''都'' 看 过 '''了''' ，看 别的 吧 。Zhège diànyǐng nǐ ''dōu'' kàn guo '''le''', kàn biéde ba.You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else. * 他 ''都'' 道歉 '''了''' ，你 别 生气 了。Tā ''dōu'' dàoqiàn '''le''', nǐ bié shēngqì le.He made an apology. Stop being so mad at him.
== See also == == Sources and further reading == === Books === * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_-_Broken_down_into_100_items_-_Basic_and_Intermediate_Levels_(%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%99%BE%E9%A1%B9%E8%AE%B2%E7%BB%83_-_%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E7%BA%A7) Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)] (pp. 97-99) [ →buy] * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%89 现代汉语八百词（增订本）] (pp. 178) [ →buy] === Dictionaries === * [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC5%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89 现代汉语词典（第5版）] (pp. 329 ) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]
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