<p>总 (zǒng) can often be simply translated as "<a href="always" class="uri" title="wikilink">always</a>," but it has other advanced uses as well. It can express "no matter how long or under what circumstances, facts are facts." It can also express "no matter what." It is often paired with other words to form set phrases such as 总会, 总归, 总得, 总要, 总能, etc. It can also be structured together with other unconditional compound phrases like <a href="无论" class="uri" title="wikilink">无论</a> and <a href="不管" class="uri" title="wikilink">不管</a>. You cannot place it directly after the verb.</p> <h2 id="used-with-auxiliary-verb">Used with Auxiliary Verb</h2> <p>In this structure, 总, with its companion character (usually a modal/<a href="auxiliary_verb" title="wikilink">auxiliary verb</a>), means "always will (fill in character/action here)" Once again, it gives the feeling of something very concrete and factual. One of the examples below says "No matter what happens, people have to eat."</p> <h3 id="structure">Structure</h3> <div class="jiegou"> <p>总 + 会 / 得 / 要 / 能 + Verb</p> </div> <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3> <div class="liju"> <ul> <li>这里 是 他 家，他 <em>总 会</em> 回来 的。<span class="trans">This is his home. He will always come back.</span></li> <li>咱们 <em>总 得</em> 想 个 办法 啊。<span class="trans">We always have to come up with something to do.</span></li> <li>不管 发生 了 什么，人 <em>总 要</em> 吃饭 吧。<span class="trans">No matter what happens, people have to eat.</span></li> <li>他 是 你 爸爸，你 <em>总 要</em> 礼貌 一点 吧。<span class="trans">He is your father, you should always a little more polite.</span></li> <li>你 拿 了 人家 的 钱，<em>总 得</em> 帮 人家 做 事 吧。<span class="trans">You took their money, so you're always going to have to help them do stuff.</span></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="used-with-不-and-没">Used with 不 and 没</h2> <p>When 总 is used together with a negating word (like 不 or 没), it often has a tone of speculation, judgement or suggestion. The sentence often ends with a 吧.</p> <h3 id="structure-1">Structure</h3> <div class="jiegou"> <p>总 + 不 / 没 + Verb</p> </div> <h3 id="examples-1">Examples</h3> <div class="liju"> <ul> <li>你们 之间 的 联系 这么 少，看 起来 <em>总</em> <strong>不</strong> 像 是 一 家 人。<span class="trans">You talk to each other so little. It seems that you're barely family. </span></li> <li>他 这么 大 年纪 了，我们 <em>总</em> <strong>不</strong> 能 让 他 一个人 去 吧？<span class="trans">He'e so old. We can't let him go there all alone. What do you think?</span></li> <li>这么 晚 了，<em>总</em> <strong>不</strong> 会 出 了 什么事 吧？<span class="trans">It's getting late. Do you think something bad happened? </span></li> <li>这 件 事 <em>总</em> <strong>不</strong> 会 是 内部 的 人 做 的 吧？<span class="trans">Do you think this is an inside job? </span></li> <li>他 想 带 父母 去 旅行，可是 <em>总</em> <strong>没</strong> 时间。<span class="trans">He wants to take her parents to travel, but he's always not able to find time.</span></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li><a href="Comparing_"zongsuan"_and_“zhongyu"" title="wikilink">Comparing "zongsuan" and “zhongyu"</a></li> <li><a href=""Always"_with_"zongshi"" title="wikilink">"Always" with "zongshi"</a></li> <li><a href="Expressing_"After_All"_with_"bijing"" title="wikilink">Expressing "After All" with "bijing"</a></li> <li><a href="Expressing_"In_the_End"_with_"daodi"" title="wikilink">Expressing "In the End" with "daodi"</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="sources-and-further-reading">Sources and further reading</h2> <h3 id="books">Books</h3> <ul> <li><a href="现代汉语八百词（增订本）" class="uri" title="wikilink">现代汉语八百词（增订本）</a> (总归p. 698) <a href="http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1">→buy</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="现代汉语虚词例释" class="uri" title="wikilink">现代汉语虚词例释</a>(总 p.663）<a href="http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B004323J90/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1">→buy</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><a href="Category:B2_grammar_points" title="wikilink">Category:B2 grammar points</a></p>