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= Aspect particle &quot;zhe&quot; =


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<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_actions_in_progress_with_%22zai%22 Expressing actions in progress with &quot;zai&quot;] (A2)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Simultaneous_tasks_with_%22yibian%22 Simultaneous tasks with &quot;yibian&quot;] (A2)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Alternative_existential_sentences Alternative existential sentences] (B1)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_actions_in_progress_(full_form) Expressing actions in progress (full form)] (B1)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22zhe%22_when_%22verbing_away%22 Using &quot;zhe&quot; when &quot;verbing away&quot;] (B2)</li></ul>


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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_duration Expressing duration], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Indicating_conditions Indicating conditions]

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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E7%9D%80 着]

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The particle 着 (zhe) is one way of indicating the ''continuous aspect'' in Mandarin Chinese (another common way is [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_actions_in_progress using the adverb 在 in front of verbs]). You may have heard that the Chinese particle 着 added onto the end of verbs is similar to the use of ''-ing'' in English. This isn't particularly helpful, however, because the use of 着 in Chinese is not nearly so frequent and can also be quite idiomatic.

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== Contents ==

<span class="toctoggle"> [[[#|hide]]] </span>

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* [[#Basic_Usage|<span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Basic Usage</span>]]
** [[#Structure|<span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span>]]
** [[#Examples|<span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]]
* [[#Used_for_Manner_or_State_in_which_an_Action_is_Performed|<span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Used for Manner or State in which an Action is Performed</span>]]
** [[#Structure_2|<span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span>]]
** [[#Examples_2|<span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]]
* [[#Used_for_Continuous_State|<span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Used for Continuous State</span>]]
** [[#Examples_3|<span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]]
* [[#Colloquial_Saying|<span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Colloquial Saying</span>]]
* [[#See_also|<span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span>]]
* [[#Sources_and_further_reading|<span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and further reading</span>]]
** [[#Books|<span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span>]]
** [[#Websites|<span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Websites</span>]]


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== <span id="Basic_Usage" class="mw-headline">Basic Usage</span> ==

The idea here is that the action won't just happen and stop immediately; it will continue for a while.

=== <span id="Structure" class="mw-headline">Structure</span> ===

<div class="jiegou">

Verb + 着


</div>
=== <span id="Examples" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> ===

This basic pattern is often used with commands involving certain verbs where the action persists for a while.

<div class="liju">

* 我 读 ，你 听 ''着'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ dú, nǐ tīng ''zhe''.</span><span class="trans">I'll read, and you will listen.</span>
* 我们 做 ，你们 看 ''着'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen zuò, nǐmen kàn ''zhe''.</span><span class="trans">We will do it, and you will watch.</span>
* 你们 坐 ''着'' ，我 马上 回来 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen zuò ''zhe'', wǒ mǎshàng huílái.</span><span class="trans">Sit here. I'll be right back.</span>
* 我 出去 一下 ，你 帮 我 看 ''着'' 行李 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ chūqù yīxià, nǐ bāng wǒ kān ''zhe'' xíngli.</span><span class="trans">I'll go out for a second, and you watch the luggage for me.</span>


</div>
== <span id="Used_for_Manner_or_State_in_which_an_Action_is_Performed" class="mw-headline">Used for Manner or State in which an Action is Performed</span> ==

=== <span id="Structure_2" class="mw-headline">Structure</span> ===

<div class="jiegou">

Verb 1 + 着 + Verb 2


</div>
Note that the '''first verb''' (followed by 着) describes the '''state'''; the second verb is the action verb. In this case, the &quot;-ing&quot; translation can be useful.

=== <span id="Examples_2" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> ===

<div class="liju">

* 她 喜欢 站 ''着'' 吃饭 。<span class="expl">&quot;standing + eat = eating while standing&quot;</span><span class="pinyin">Tā xǐhuan zhàn ''zhe'' chīfàn.</span>
* 他 笑 ''着'' 说 “对不起” 。<span class="expl">&quot;smiling + say = saying &quot;I'm sorry&quot; while smiling</span><span class="pinyin">Tā xiào ''zhe'' shuō &quot;duìbuqǐ&quot;.</span>
* 孩子 抱 ''着'' 爸爸 哭 了 起来 。<span class="expl">&quot;hugging + cry = crying while hugging</span><span class="pinyin">Háizi bào ''zhe'' bàba kū le qǐlái.</span>


</div>
'''Note:''' If you want to make a sentence where both verbs are action verbs (neither is truly a state), then you don't want this pattern; you want [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Simultaneous_tasks_with_%22yibian%22 一边⋯⋯，一边⋯⋯].

== <span id="Used_for_Continuous_State" class="mw-headline">Used for Continuous State</span> ==

While it's true that the &quot;[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_actions_in_progress_(full_form) full progressive pattern]&quot; can make use of 着, this is not a pattern you're going to want to use all the time. The most commonly used verbs are the ones below:

* 开 (kāi) alone can mean &quot;to open&quot; or &quot;to turn on.&quot; Adding 着 allows one to express that something &quot;is open&quot; or &quot;is on.&quot;

* 关 (guān) alone can mean &quot;to close&quot; or &quot;to turn off.&quot; Adding 着 allows one to express that something &quot;is closed&quot; or &quot;is off.&quot;

* 穿 (chuān) alone means &quot;to wear.&quot; Adding 着 allows one to express that one &quot;is wearing&quot; or &quot;has&quot; something (on one's person).

* 戴 (dài) alone means &quot;to wear.&quot; Adding 着 allows one to express that one &quot;is wearing&quot; or &quot;has&quot; something (on one's person).

* 躺 (tǎng) alone means &quot;to lie on one's back.&quot; Adding 着 allows one to express that someone &quot;is lying down.&quot;

=== <span id="Examples_3" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> ===

<div class="liju">

* 公司 的 门 开 ''着'' ，可是 没 人 在 。<span class="expl">&quot;Being on&quot; is a state, so using 着 is natural.)</span><span class="pinyin">Gōngsī de mén kāi ''zhe'', kěshì méi rén zài.</span><span class="trans">The company's door is open but no one is in there.</span>
* 公司 的 门 ''在'' 开 ，可是 没 人 在 。<span class="expl">&quot;Being open&quot; is not an action, so don't use 在.)</span><span class="pinyin">Gōngsī de mén ''zài'' kāi, kěshì méi rén zài.</span>

* 她 穿 ''着'' 一 条 小 黑 裙 。<span class="expl">&quot;Be wearing&quot; is a state, so using 着 is natural.)</span><span class="pinyin">Tā chuān ''zhe'' yī tiáo xiǎo hēi qún.</span><span class="trans">She's wearing a little black dress.</span>
* 她 ''在'' 穿 一 条 小 黑 裙 。<span class="expl">&quot;Be wearing&quot; is not an action, so don't use 在.)</span><span class="pinyin">Tā ''zài'' chuān yī tiáo xiǎo hēi qún.</span>

* 躺 ''着'' 最 舒服 。<span class="expl">&quot;Lying here&quot; is a state, so using 着 is natural.)</span><span class="pinyin">Tǎng ''zhe'' zuì shūfu.</span><span class="trans">It makes me most comfortable just lying there.</span>
* ''在'' 躺 最 舒服 。<span class="expl">&quot;Lying here&quot; is not strictly an action, so don't use 在.)</span><span class="pinyin">''Zài'' tǎng zuì shūfu.</span>


</div>
== <span id="Colloquial_Saying" class="mw-headline">Colloquial Saying</span> ==

Certain verbs tend to take 着 more frequently than others, and what the 着 exactly is ''doing'' might not be apparent at all. It's best to think of these usages as colloquialisms. You can even think of them as set phrases.

Examples of this usage:

<div class="liju">

* 听 ''着'' ! <span class="expl">&quot;to listen and keep listening&quot;</span><span class="pinyin">Tīng ''zhe''!</span>
* 别 客气 ，拿 ''着'' 吧 。<span class="expl">&quot;to take and keep it&quot;</span><span class="pinyin">Bié kèqi, ná ''zhe'' ba.</span>
* 你们 等 ''着'' ! <span class="expl">&quot;to wait and keeping waiting&quot;</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐmen děng ''zhe''!</span>


</div>
There's also one colloquial usage of 着 that's been chosen by at least one textbook for special treatment, so we'll cover it here as well:

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 是 + Verb + 着 + 玩 + 的


</div>
This pattern may look like that &quot;doing an action in a particular state&quot; pattern already covered above, but in practice it doesn't really work that way. It just means &quot;[Verb] for fun&quot; or &quot;[Verb] as a joke.&quot;

Examples of this usage:

<div class="liju">

* 你 不要 生气 ，我 是 说 ''着'' 玩 的 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bùyào shēngqì, wǒ shì shuō ''zhe'' wán de!</span><span class="trans">Don't be mad. I was just joking.</span>
* 我 听不懂 英文 歌 ，只 是 听 ''着'' 玩 的 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ tīng bu dǒng Yīngwén gē, zhǐshì tīng ''zhe'' wán de.</span><span class="trans">I don't understand English songs. I listen just for fun.</span>


</div>
== <span id="See_also" class="mw-headline">See also</span> ==

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_actions_in_progress Expressing actions in progress]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_actions_in_progress_(full_form) Expressing actions in progress (full form)]

== <span id="Sources_and_further_reading" class="mw-headline">Sources and further reading</span> ==

=== <span id="Books" class="mw-headline">Books</span> ===

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A_Practical_Chinese_Grammar_For_Foreigners_(%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95) A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)] (pp. 414 - 423) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition] (pp. 89) [http://amzn.to/2h67UYa →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Mandarin_Chinese:_A_Functional_Reference_Grammar Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar] (pp. 217 - 225) [http://amzn.to/2yOtlXc →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed) Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)] (pp. 242-3) [http://amzn.to/2femBuy →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_2 Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2] (pp. 17) [http://amzn.to/2ftpILV →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_2_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC2) New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)] (pp. 238-9) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）] (pp. 255) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]

=== <span id="Websites" class="mw-headline">Websites</span> ===

* About.com: [http://mandarin.about.com/od/grammar/a/aspect.htm Mandarin Chinese Aspect]
* ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-%E7%9D%80-zhe-chronicles-how-we-verb Qing Wen - The 着 (zhe) Chronicles: How We Verb] (free content)
* ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-%E7%9D%80-zhe-chronicles-actions-in-progress Qing Wen - The 着 (zhe) Chronicles: Actions in Progress] (free content)
* ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/the-%E7%9D%80-zhe-chronicles-verbs-as-states Qing Wen - The 着 (zhe) Chronicles: Verbs as States] (free content)

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