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Result complements
==================
[](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/ASGNNMST)
-
Level
[B1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points)
-
Similar to
- [Result complement "-wan" for
finishing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement_%22-wan%22_for_finishing) (A2)
- [Expressing not knowing how to do something using
"hao"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_not_knowing_how_to_do_something_using_%22hao%22) (B1)
- [Using "bei"
sentences](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22bei%22_sentences) (B1)
-
Used for
[Expressing
result](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_result),
[Describing
actions](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Describing_actions)
-
Keywords
[好](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E5%A5%BD),
[了](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E4%BA%86)
[{width="300"
height="300"}](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-hao.jpg)
Contents
--------
[hide]([# "wikilink")\]
- [1 Using
Adjectives](#Using_Adjectives "wikilink")
- [1.1
Structure](#Structure "wikilink")
- [1.2
Examples](#Examples "wikilink")
- [2 Using
One-Syllable Verbs](#Using_One-Syllable_Verbs "wikilink")
- [2.1
Structure](#Structure_2 "wikilink")
- [2.2
Examples](#Examples_2 "wikilink")
- [3 Compared
with Potential
Complement](#Compared_with_Potential_Complement "wikilink")
- [4 Used in 把
Sentences](#Used_in_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences "wikilink")
- [5 See
also](#See_also "wikilink")
- [6 Sources and
further reading](#Sources_and_further_reading "wikilink")
- [6.1
Books](#Books "wikilink")
- [6.2
Websites](#Websites "wikilink")
Subj. + Verb + Adj. + 了 (+ Obj.)
To negate a result complement, use 没 instead of 不:
Subj. + 没 + Verb + Adj. (+ Obj.)
### Examples
- 你 吃 *好* **了** 吗 ？Nǐ chī *hǎo* **le**
ma?Are you done eating?
- 对不起 ，我 记 *错* **了** 时间 。Duìbuqǐ, wǒ
jì *cuò* **le** shíjiān.Sorry, I got the
time wrong.
- 你 来 *晚* **了** ，我们 已经 关门 **了** 。Nǐ
lái *wǎn* **le**, wǒmen yǐjīng guānmén
**le**.You came too late. We're already
closed.
- 他 玩 *坏* **了** 哥哥 的 玩具 。Tā wán *huài*
**le** gēge de wánjù.He broke his older
brother's toy.
- 我 **没** 吃 *饱* 。Wǒ **méi** chī
*bǎo*.I didn't eat enough.
- 他 还 **没** 想 *好* 。Tā hái **méi** xiǎng
*hǎo*.He hasn't thought it through
yet.
- 我们 **没** 听 *清楚* ，请 再 说 一遍 。Wǒmen
**méi** tīng *qīngchu*, qǐng zài shuō yī
biàn.We didn't hear it clearly. Please
say it again.
When using result complements, it's very common to make the object a
[topic](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Topic-comment_sentences).
This means the object is moved to the beginning of the sentence and the
subject is often omitted.
Some examples:
- **这 个 字** 写 *错* 了。**Zhège zì** xiě *cuò*
le.You wrote this character wrong.
- **杯子** 摔 *坏* 了 。**Bēizi** shuāi *huài*
le.The cup is broken.
- **房间** 打扫 *干净* 了 吗 ？**Fángjiān** dǎsǎo
*gānjìng* le ma?Is your room all cleaned
up?
Using One-Syllable Verbs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Besides adjectives, there are a few single-syllable verbs which can also
be used as result complements. Some examples include [到 (dào), 见
(jiàn)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complements_%22-dao%22_and_%22-jian%22),
懂 (dǒng), 会 (huì), 走 (zǒu), 掉 (diào). There really aren't a lot of
these, which is part of the reason why these words are usually seen as
one verb instead of two verbs.
### Structure
For the basic structure, you'll often see a 了 after the complement:
Subj. + Verb + \[One-syllable Verb\] +了 (+ Obj.)
### Examples
- 你们 都 *听懂* 了 吗 ？Nǐmen dōu *tīngdǒng* le
ma?Do you understand all of it?
- 我 看 了 ，但是 没 *看懂* 。Wǒ kàn le, dànshì
méi *kàndǒng*.I read it, but I didn't
really understand it.
- 你 *踩到* 了 我 的 脚 。Nǐ *cǎidào* le wǒ de
jiǎo.You're stepping on my foot.
- 我 不小心 *撞到* 了 墙 。Wǒ bù xiǎoxīn
*zhuàngdào* le qiáng.I hit the wall by
accident.
- 我 女儿 *学会* 了 数数 。Wǒ nǚ'ér *xuéhuì* le
shǔ shù.My daughter has learned how to
count numbers.
- 我 爸爸 还没 *学会* 用 智能 手机 。Wǒ bàba hái
méi *xuéhuì* yòng zhìnéng shǒujī.My
father hasn't learned how to use a smart phone yet.
- 老师 *拿走* 了 我 的 iPad 。Lǎoshī *názǒu* le
wǒ de iPad.The teacher took away my
iPad.
- 小偷 *偷走* 了 我 的 钱包 。Xiǎotōu *tōuzǒu* le
wǒ de qiánbāo.The thief stole my
wallet.
- 他 不小心 *推倒* 了 一 个 老人 。Tā bù xiǎoxīn
*tuīdǎo* le yī gè lǎorén.He pushed over
an old person on accident.
- 你 *撞倒* 了 我 的 自行车 。Nǐ *zhuàngdǎo* le
wǒ de zìxíngchē.You knocked over my
bike.
- 谁 *扔掉* 了 我 的 袜子 ？Shéi *rēngdiào* le wǒ
de wàzi?Who threw away my socks?
- 我 *卖掉* 了 我 的 旧 手机 。Wǒ *màidiào* le wǒ
de jiù shǒujī.I sold my old cell
phone.
Compared with Potential Complement
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Result Complement Aff. Potential Complement Neg. Potential Complement
------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------
做 完 做 *得* 完 做 *不* 完
听 懂 听 *得* 懂 听 *不* 懂
看 清楚 看 *得* 清楚 看 *不* 清楚
洗 干净 洗 *得* 干净 洗 *不* 干净
: Result and Potential Complements
Used in 把 Sentences
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Although we have avoided [把
sentences](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Ba_sentence)
in this article for the sake of simplicity, you may have noticed that
sentences which feature result complements often also use 把. This is
because 把 sentences and result complements work particularly well
together, as they both deal with the result of an action or the
"disposal" of an object. Apart from result complements involving
perception and psychological verbs, most result compounds work nicely in
把 sentences.
Subject *把* Object RC compound verb
--------- ------ ------------ ------------------ ----
我 *把* 杯子 摔 坏 了 。
他 *把* 我 的 电脑 修 好 了 。
小偷 *把* 我 的 钱包 偷 走 了 。
我们 *把* 房间 打扫 干净 了 。
: Result complements in 把 sentences
See also
-------------------------------------------------------
- [Result complement
"xiaqu"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement_%22xiaqu%22)
- [Advanced result
complements](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Advanced_result_complements)
- [Result complement "-wan" for
finishing](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement_%22-wan%22_for_finishing)
- [Result complements "dao" and
"jian"](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complements_%22dao%22_and_%22jian%22)
Sources and further reading
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
### Books
- [A Practical Chinese Grammar For
Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A_Practical_Chinese_Grammar_For_Foreigners_(%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)) (pp.
273 - 284)
[→buy](http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA)
- [Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second
Edition](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese:_An_Essential_Grammar,_Second_Edition) (pp.
97-9) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2h67UYa)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2
(3rd ed)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_2_(3rd_ed)) (pp.
43- 4) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2femBuy)
- [Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part
1](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_2,_Part_1) (pp.
233-4) [→buy](http://amzn.to/2fdV2l3)
- [New Practical Chinese Reader
2 (新实用汉语课本2)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_2_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC2)) (pp.
87 - 88)
[→buy](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297)
- [New Practical Chinese Reader
3 (新实用汉语课本3)](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3)) (pp.
35)
[→buy](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X)
- [40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course
(基础汉语40课上册）](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89) (pp.
223)
[→buy](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20)
### Websites
- Mandarin Essential Grammar (Yale): [The Complement of
Result](http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/result/grammar/result.htm)
[Categories](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Special:Categories):
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points](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Category:B1_grammar_points)
- [Result
complement](https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Category:Result_complement)
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