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= Separable verb =


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''Also known as: 离合词 (líhécí) and verb-object phrase.''
&quot;Separable verbs&quot; get their name from their ability to &quot;separate&quot; into two parts (a [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Verb verb] part and an [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Object object] part), with other words in between. In fact, you could also simply call separable verbs &quot;verb-object [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Phrase phrases].&quot;

<div id="toc" class="toc">

<div id="toctitle">

== Contents ==

<span class="toctoggle"> [[[#|hide]]] </span>

</div>
* [[#What_Are_They|<span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">What Are They</span>]]
* [[#Why_Use_Them|<span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Why Use Them</span>]]
* [[#Basic_Usage|<span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Basic Usage</span>]]
** [[#Common_Examples|<span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Common Examples</span>]]
* [[#Where_to_put_.E4.BA.86.2C_.E8.BF.87.2C_.E7.9D.80|<span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Where to put 了, 过, 着</span>]]
** [[#Examples|<span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]]
* [[#Where_to_Put_Measure_Words|<span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Where to Put Measure Words</span>]]
** [[#Examples_2|<span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]]
* [[#How_to_Reduplicate|<span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">How to Reduplicate</span>]]
** [[#Examples_3|<span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]]
* [[#Academic_debate|<span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Academic debate</span>]]
* [[#Sources_and_further_reading|<span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and further reading</span>]]
** [[#Books|<span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span>]]
** [[#Websites|<span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Websites</span>]]


</div>
== <span id="What_Are_They" class="mw-headline">What Are They</span> ==

Purely from the &quot;separable&quot; aspect, Mandarin's separable verbs have a counterpart in English: phrasal verbs (also called two-word verbs). While the grammatical components of English's phrasal verbs are different, the &quot;separable&quot; quality works in a very similar way. Take the phrasal verb &quot;check out&quot; for example:

* '''Check out''' my new computer.
* '''Check''' my new computer '''out'''.

Do you see what happened there? The verb &quot;check out&quot; can split into two parts (a ''verb'' and a ''preposition''), and other words can go in between those two parts. Separable verbs work much the same way in Chinese, except that the two parts are a ''verb'' and an ''object'' (a noun).

Let's look at a typical example in Chinese, using the verb 见面, meaning &quot;to meet.&quot; 见 is the verb; 面 is the object, literally meaning &quot;face.&quot;

<div class="liju">

* 我 想 ''见面'' '''你''' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng ''jiànmiàn'' '''nǐ'''.</span>
* 我 想 ''见'' '''你''' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng ''jiàn'' '''nǐ'''.</span>
* 我 想 '''跟''' 你 ''见面'' 。<span class="expl">the prepositional phrase, literally &quot;with you,&quot; comes before the verb</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng '''gēn''' nǐ ''jiànmiàn''.</span>


</div>
Perhaps the most common examples of separable verbs that beginners struggle with are 见面 and 睡觉. For a more complete list, see the [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/List_of_separable_verbs list of separable verbs].

Below we will introduce separable verbs in more detail, provide more examples, and also offer more specific cases of where separable verbs can get tricky.

== <span id="Why_Use_Them" class="mw-headline">Why Use Them</span> ==

If separable verbs are simply verb-object phrases, then why the special name? It's because there are some special features of Chinese verb-object phrases worth special attention, and the name &quot;separable verbs&quot; helps call attention to this. Mastering separable verbs can be a little tricky and is an essential objective of the intermediate ([https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1 B1]) level learner of Chinese.

Separable verbs are just one of those things you can't avoid. Many extremely common verbs, such as &quot;to sleep&quot; (睡觉) or &quot;to meet&quot; (见面) are separable verbs, and until you understand which verbs are separable verbs and how they work, you'll forever be making mistakes with these verbs, even in very basic sentences.

== <span id="Basic_Usage" class="mw-headline">Basic Usage</span> ==

First, you need to understand the structure of separable verbs. Most separable verbs are a &quot;Verb + Object&quot; (the object is a noun) construct. One might wonder, then, why there needs to be a separate category called &quot;separable verbs&quot; instead of just thinking of them as a verb and an object. There are several reasons to think of them as special verbs:

# Many separable verbs can't be easily translated into other languages in a way that makes both the verb and the object part clear. For instance, 见面 (to meet) and 结婚 (to get married) are such examples. In these examples, it's just not easy to think of the objects as an object.
# The relationship between the verb and the object in a separable verb pair is very close; adding the object to the verb is sort of the &quot;default form&quot; of the verb, even if the verb part can be used without the object.
# Separable verbs are a source of frequent errors from learners of Chinese. No matter how you think of them, it's good to give these &quot;words&quot; or &quot;phrases&quot; extra attention to make your Chinese more natural.

'''The key to using separable verbs correctly is to remember that they are &quot;Verb + Object&quot; constructs.''' The verb alone must be treated as a verb, and the object cannot be treated as a verb. It's from this essential relationship that the following principles flow:

=== <span id="Common_Examples" class="mw-headline">Common Examples</span> ===

* 帮忙 (bāngmáng) to help; to do a favor

帮 is the verb; 忙 is the object, meaning &quot;a favor.&quot;

<div class="liju">

* 我们 可以 ''帮忙'' 你 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen kěyǐ ''bāngmáng'' nǐ.</span>
* 我们 可以 ''帮 你'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen kěyǐ ''bāng nǐ''.</span><span class="trans">We can help you.</span>
* 我们 可以 ''帮忙'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen kěyǐ ''bāngmáng''.</span><span class="trans">We can do (you) this favor.</span>

If you want to ask someone to do you a favor, check this out:

* 你 可以 帮 ''我'' '''一个 忙''' 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ kěyǐ bāng ''wǒ'' '''yī gè máng''' ma?</span><span class="trans">Can you do me a favor?</span>


</div>
* 结婚 (jiéhūn) to get married

结 is the verb; 婚 acts as the object, meaning &quot;marriage.&quot; However, 婚 cannot be used as a noun very much.

<div class="liju">

* 我 想 ''结婚'' 她 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng ''jiéhūn'' tā.</span>
* 我 想 '''跟''' 她 ''结婚'' 。<span class="expl">the prepositional phrase, literally &quot;with her,&quot; comes before the verb</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng '''gēn''' tā ''jiéhūn''.</span><span class="trans">I want to get married to her.</span>


</div>
* 聊天 (liáotiān) to chat; to talk (about things in general)

聊 is the verb; 天 acts as the object.

<div class="liju">

* 他 很 喜欢 ''聊天'' 女生 。<span class="pinyin">Tā hěn xǐhuan ''liáotiān'' nǚshēng.</span>
* 上班 时间 不要 ''聊天'' 。<span class="pinyin">Shàngbān shíjiān bùyào ''liáotiān''.</span>
* 他 很 喜欢 '''跟''' 女生 ''聊天'' 。<span class="expl">the prepositional phrase, literally &quot;with you,&quot; comes before the verb</span><span class="pinyin">Tā hěn xǐhuan '''gēn''' nǚshēng ''liáotiān''.</span><span class="trans">He loves talking with girls.</span>

Literally, 天 doesn't mean anything. The object needs to be something specific if you mean to be clear. An important note to keep in mind is that you don't need to translate &quot;about&quot; into 关于 in this scenario.

* 爸爸 不 喜欢 ''聊天'' 他 的 工作 。<span class="pinyin">Bàba bù xǐhuan ''liáotiān'' tā de gōngzuò.</span>
* 爸爸 不 喜欢 ''聊'' '''关于''' 他 的 工作 。<span class="pinyin">Bàba bù xǐhuan ''liáo'' '''guānyú''' tā de gōngzuò.</span>
* 爸爸 不 喜欢 ''聊'' 他 的 工作 。<span class="pinyin">Bàba bù xǐhuan ''liáo'' tā de gōngzuò.</span><span class="trans">My father doesn't like to talk about his work.</span>


</div>
* 创业 (chuàngyè) to start up one's business

创 is the verb; 业 is the object.

<div class="liju">

* 我 想 ''创业'' 自己 的 公司 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng ''chuàngyè'' zìjǐ de gōngsī.</span>
* 我 想 ''创业'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng ''chuàngyè''.</span><span class="trans">I want to start up my own business.</span>

If you mean to say &quot;to launch a company&quot; or &quot;to set up your business,&quot; use this sentence below:

* 我 想 ''开'' '''公司''' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng ''kāi'' '''gōngsī'''''''.</span><span class="trans">I want to lunch my business.</span>


</div>
== <span id="Where_to_put_.E4.BA.86.2C_.E8.BF.87.2C_.E7.9D.80" class="mw-headline">Where to put 了, 过, 着</span> ==

=== <span id="Examples" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> ===

见面 (jiànmiàn)

<div class="liju">

* 我们 昨天 ''见'' '''了''' ''面'' 。<span class="expl">separated, 了 inserted</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen zuótiān ''jiàn'' '''le''' ''miàn''.</span><span class="trans">We've met yesterday.</span>
* 我们 ''见'' '''过''' ''面'' 。<span class="expl">separated, 过 inserted</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen ''jiàn'' '''guo''' ''miàn''.</span><span class="trans">We've met.</span>


</div>
开会 (kāihuì)

<div class="liju">

* 我们 早上 ''开'' '''了''' ''会'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen zǎoshang ''kāi'' '''le''' ''huì''.</span><span class="trans">We had a meeting this morning.</span>
* 你们 ''开'' '''过''' ''会'' 了 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen ''kāi'' '''guo''' ''huì'' le ma?</span><span class="trans">Have you had the meeting yet?</span>
* 我们 ''开'' '''着''' ''会'' 呢 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen ''kāi'' '''zhe''' ''huì'' ne.</span><span class="trans">We're having a meeting right now.</span>


</div>
吃饭 (chīfàn)

<div class="liju">

* 他 昨天 来 我 家 了 ，还 ''吃'' '''了''' ''饭'' 。<span class="pinyin">Tā zuótiān lái wǒ jiā le, hái ''chī'' '''le''' ''fàn''.</span><span class="trans">He came to my house yesterday and he ate a meal with us.</span>
* 他 ''吃'' '''过''' ''饭'' 了 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Tā ''chī'' '''guo''' ''fàn'' le ma?</span><span class="trans">Has he eaten yet?</span>
* 他 ''吃'' '''着''' ''饭'' 呢 。<span class="pinyin">Tā ''chī'' '''zhe''' ''fàn'' ne.</span><span class="trans">He's eating a meal right now.</span>


</div>
''Note: unlike the particles 过 and 着, the particle 了 is especially tricky, and it can also appear after the object. So it can be correct in multiple places.''

== <span id="Where_to_Put_Measure_Words" class="mw-headline">Where to Put Measure Words</span> ==

=== <span id="Examples_2" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> ===

* 见面 (jiànmiàn)

<div class="liju">

* 我们 ''见'' '''个''' ''面'' 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen ''jiàn'' '''gè''' ''miàn'' ba.</span><span class="trans">Let's meet.</span>
* 我们 ''见'' 过 '''几 次''' ''面''。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen ''jiàn'' guo '''jǐ cì''' ''miàn''.</span><span class="trans">We've met a few times.</span>


</div>
* 吃饭 (chīfàn)

<div class="liju">

* 我们 一起 ''吃'' 过 '''几 次''' ''饭'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen yīqǐ ''chī'' guo '''jǐ cì''' ''fàn''.</span><span class="trans">We've had several meals together.</span>
* 老板 请 大家 ''吃'' 了 '''一 顿''' ''饭'' 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn qǐng dàjiā ''chī'' le '''yī dùn''' ''fàn''.</span><span class="trans">The boss invited everyone to dinner.</span>


</div>
* 睡觉 (shuìjiào)

<div class="liju">

* 晚安！''睡'' '''个''' ''好 觉'' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǎn'ān! ''Shuì'' '''gè''' ''hǎo jiào''.</span><span class="trans">Good night! I hope you can have some good sleep.</span>
* 昨晚 我 只 ''睡'' 了 '''两 个 小时''' ''觉'' 。<span class="pinyin">Zuówǎn wǒ zhǐ ''shuì'' le '''liǎng gè xiǎoshí''' ''jiào''.</span><span class="trans">I only slept two hours last night.</span>


</div>
== <span id="How_to_Reduplicate" class="mw-headline">How to Reduplicate</span> ==

[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Verb_reduplication Reduplication] is a way to express the casual nature of a verb or that it happens only briefly. When it comes to separable verbs, ''only the verb part reduplicates.''

=== <span id="Examples_3" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> ===

<div class="liju">

* 见 ''见'' 面<span class="pinyin">jiàn ''jiàn'' miàn</span>
* 吃 ''吃'' 饭<span class="pinyin">chī ''chī'' fàn</span>
* 聊 ''聊'' 天<span class="pinyin">liáo ''liáo'' tiān</span>

* 吃 '''饭''' 吃饭<span class="expl">饭 is the object; it should not be repeated.)</span><span class="pinyin">chī '''fàn''' chīfàn</span>
* 聊 '''天''' 聊天<span class="expl">天 is the object; it should not be repeated.</span><span class="pinyin">liáo '''tiān''' liáotiān</span>


</div>
Note that separable verbs can't used with 一下 to express it happens briefly.

<div class="liju">

* 见面 '''一下'''<span class="pinyin">jiànmiàn '''yīxià'''</span>


</div>
== <span id="Academic_debate" class="mw-headline">Academic debate</span> ==

There is some debate as to how useful the concept of separable verbs really is. For our purposes, we're only concerned with whether or not separable verbs are a useful concept ''for the student of Mandarin Chinese''. Many learners do, in fact, find the concept to be quite useful in helping them speak more natural Chinese.

== <span id="Sources_and_further_reading" class="mw-headline">Sources and further reading</span> ==

=== <span id="Books" class="mw-headline">Books</span> ===

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Chinese_Grammar_Without_Tears_(%E7%AE%80%E6%98%8E%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C) Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册)] (pp. 208) [ →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%BE%E6%9C%AC3) New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)] (pp. 16-7) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed) Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)] (pp. 113) [http://amzn.to/2xe9H5W →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/40_Lessons_for_Basic_Chinese_Course_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD40%E8%AF%BE%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）] (pp. 111) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]

=== <span id="Websites" class="mw-headline">Websites</span> ===

* The Canadian TCSL Association: [http://www.canadiantcslassociation.ca/PDF/jor0852037.pdf 离合词教学的理论与实践]
* 北京语言大学网络教育学院: [http://media.eblcu.cn/cls/demo/401053/course/1/1/sid003.htm 离合词及其教学]
* 百度百科: [http://baike.baidu.com/view/165257.htm 离合词]
* Sinosplice.com: [http://www.sinosplice.com/life/archives/2008/10/13/syntactic-anguish-of-the-verb-object-modifier-variety Syntactic Anguish of the Verb-Object-Modifier Variety]
* ChinesePod (free content): [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/separable-verbs Qing Wen - Separable Verbs]
* Chinesegrammar.info: [http://chinesegrammar.info/vocabulary/bang-and-bang-mang/ A look into the seperable verb 帮忙 by comparing it to 帮.]
* Mandarin Friend: [https://mandarinfriend.wordpress.com/2015/02/12/separable-verbs-a-misleading-concept-for-chinese-learners/ “Separable Verbs” – A Misleading and Unnecessary Concept]

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