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= Using &quot;bei&quot; sentences =


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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/B1_grammar_points B1]

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<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Direction_complement Direction complement] (B1)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Using_%22ba%22_sentences Using &quot;ba&quot; sentences] (B1)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Advanced_uses_of_%22ba%22 Advanced uses of &quot;ba&quot;] (B2)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_passive_voice_with_%22gei%22 Expressing passive voice with &quot;gei&quot;] (B2)</li>
<li>[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Passive_verbs_with_%22shou%22 Passive verbs with &quot;shou&quot;] (B2)</li></ul>


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Used for

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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_passive_voice Expressing passive voice], [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Sentence_Patterns Sentence Patterns]

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[https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/%E8%A2%AB 被]

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Bei Sentences, which are called 被字句 (bèizìjù) in Chinese, are a key way to express the [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Passive_voice passive] voice in modern Mandarin Chinese. In passive sentences, the ''object'' of an action becomes the subject of the sentence, and what would have been the subject of the normal (active voice) sentence, the &quot;doer&quot; of the action, becomes secondary and may or may not be included in the passive sentence.

<div id="toc" class="toc">

<div id="toctitle">

== Contents ==

<span class="toctoggle"> [[[#|hide]]] </span>

</div>
* [[#What_is_a_.E8.A2.AB_sentence.3F|<span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">What is a 被 sentence?</span>]]
* [[#Why_use_them.3F|<span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Why use them?</span>]]
* [[#How_to_use_them|<span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">How to use them</span>]]
** [[#Structure|<span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span>]]
** [[#Examples|<span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span>]]
** [[#Right_or_Wrong|<span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Right or Wrong</span>]]
* [[#Forming_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences|<span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Forming 把 Sentences</span>]]
** [[#Negating_.E8.A2.AB_Sentences|<span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Negating 被 Sentences</span>]]
** [[#Question_Forms_of_.E8.A2.AB_Sentences|<span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Question Forms of 被 Sentences</span>]]
** [[#.E8.A2.AB_Sentences_with_Aspect_Particles|<span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">被 Sentences with Aspect Particles</span>]]
** [[#.E8.A2.AB_Sentences_with_Complements|<span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">被 Sentences with Complements</span>]]
** [[#Adverbs_in_.E8.A2.AB_Sentences|<span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Adverbs in 被 Sentences</span>]]
* [[#See_also|<span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span>]]
* [[#Sources_and_further_reading|<span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and further reading</span>]]
** [[#Books|<span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span>]]
** [[#Websites|<span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Websites</span>]]


</div>
== <span id="What_is_a_.E8.A2.AB_sentence.3F" class="mw-headline">What is a 被 sentence?</span> ==

被 (bèi) sentences (被字句 in Chinese) are simply sentences which use a [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Passive_voice passive] verb and the preposition 被. 被 sentences are not the only way to create the passive verb form in Chinese, but they are the most common and definitely the type to tackle first.

For the sake of clarity, take these sentences for example:

<div class="liju">

* 男孩 吃 了 '''热狗''' 。<span class="expl">normal sentence in the active voice; note that &quot;the hot dog&quot; is the object of the verb &quot;ate&quot;</span><span class="trans">The boy ate the hot dog.</span>
* '''热狗''' ''被'' 男孩 吃 了 。<span class="expl">&quot;the hot dog&quot; is now the subject, and &quot;the boy&quot; is the &quot;doer&quot;</span><span class="pinyin">'''Règǒu''' ''bèi'' nánhái chī le.</span><span class="trans">The hot dog was eaten by the boy. </span>
* '''热狗''' ''被'' 吃 了 。<span class="expl">passive voice with the &quot;doer&quot; omitted</span><span class="pinyin">'''Règǒu''' ''bèi'' chī le.</span><span class="trans">The hot dog was eaten.</span>


</div>
== <span id="Why_use_them.3F" class="mw-headline">Why use them?</span> ==

Passive sentences are used for several main reasons:

<ol>
<li>To indicate that one has been negatively affected. For example:
<div class="liju">

<ul>
<li><span class="liju spaced">他 ''被'' 打 了 。</span><span class="pinyin">Tā ''bèi'' dǎ le.</span><span class="trans">He got beaten up.</span></li></ul>


</div></li>
<li>To shift emphasis from the &quot;doer&quot; of the action to the one affected by that action. For example:
<div class="liju">

<ul>
<li><span class="liju spaced">你 ''被'' 公司 炒鱿鱼 了 ？</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐ ''bèi'' gōngsī chǎo yóuyú le?</span><span class="trans">You got fired by the company?</span></li></ul>


</div></li>
<li>To avoid having to mention the &quot;doer&quot; of the action, either because it is unknown, or for other reasons. For example:
<div class="liju">

<ul>
<li><span class="liju spaced">我 家 ''被'' 偷 了 。</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ jiā ''bèi'' tōu le.</span><span class="trans">My house got stolen.</span></li></ul>


</div></li></ol>

== <span id="How_to_use_them" class="mw-headline">How to use them</span> ==

Normal use of 被 has a few preconditions:

# The verb to be used with 被 needs to have an object (this will become the new subject of the 被 sentence). Verbs that take objects are called ''transitive verbs''.
# If you're going to state ''who the verb was done by'' (the &quot;doer&quot;), then the subject doing the original action must be known.
# The verb can't be too simple (for example, a one-character verb like 吃). Put simply, ''something needs to come after the verb''. That &quot;something&quot; can be a particle, a complement, or sometimes even an additional object.

We're using the most basic 被 sentence pattern for example, so that it will be easier for you to understand well:

=== <span id="Structure" class="mw-headline">Structure</span> ===

<div class="jiegou">

Subj. + 被 (+ Doer) + Verb + 了


</div>
=== <span id="Examples" class="mw-headline">Examples</span> ===

被 sentence with a doer:

<div class="liju">

* 我 ''被'' '''他''' 骗 '''了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ ''bèi'' '''tā''' piàn '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">I got deceived by him.</span>
* 他 ''被'' '''警察''' 抓 '''了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Tā ''bèi'' '''jǐngchá''' zhuā '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">He got arrested by the police.</span>
* 他 ''被'' '''父母''' 骂 '''了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Tā ''bèi'' '''fùmǔ''' mà '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">He was scolded by his parents.</span>


</div>
被 sentence without doer:

<div class="liju">

* 我 的 车 ''被'' 撞 '''了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de chē ''bèi'' zhuàng '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">My car got hit.</span>
* 他们 做 的 坏事 ''被'' 发现 '''了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen zuò de huàishì ''bèi'' fāxiàn '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">The bad things they've done were discovered.</span>
* 文件 ''被'' 删 '''了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Wénjiàn ''bèi'' shān '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">The files are deleted.</span>


</div>
=== <span id="Right_or_Wrong" class="mw-headline">Right or Wrong</span> ===

<div class="liju">

* 咖啡 ''被'' 我 喝 。<span class="pinyin">Kāfēi ''bèi'' wǒ hē.</span><span class="trans">The coffee was drank by me.</span>
* 咖啡 ''被'' 我 喝 '''了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Kāfēi ''bèi'' wǒ hē '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">The coffee was drank by me.</span>
* 咖啡 ''被'' 我 喝 '''完 了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Kāfēi ''bèi'' wǒ hē '''wán le'''.</span><span class="trans">The coffee was finished by me.</span>


</div>
<div class="liju">

* 他 ''被'' 打 。<span class="pinyin">Tā ''bèi'' dǎ.</span><span class="trans">He got beaten up.</span>
* 他 ''被'' 打 '''了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Tā ''bèi'' dǎ '''le'''.</span><span class="trans">He got beaten up.</span>
* 他 ''被'' 打 '''伤 了''' 。<span class="pinyin">Tā ''bèi'' dǎ '''shāng le'''.</span><span class="trans">He got beaten up and he was wounded.</span>


</div>
== <span id="Forming_.E6.8A.8A_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Forming 把 Sentences</span> ==

=== <span id="Negating_.E8.A2.AB_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Negating 被 Sentences</span> ===

There's just one other complication. What if you want to make a sentence in the ''negative''? To negate a 被 sentence, you need to insert 没 or 没有 (past) directly in front of 被. For the present and future, use 不.

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ Some examples:
! Doer
! ''Negative''
! 被
! Subject
! Verb Phrase
!

|-
| 他
| ''没有''
| 被
|

| 打伤
| 。
|-
| 他
| ''没''
| 被
|

| 炒鱿鱼
| 。
|-
| 她 的 想法
| ''不''
| 被
| 父母
| 理解
| 。
|}


</div>
=== <span id="Question_Forms_of_.E8.A2.AB_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Question Forms of 被 Sentences</span> ===

You can make 被 sentences into questions in the usual three ways to form questions in Mandarin:

* With a question particle
* With a question word
* With positive-negative verbs

Some examples:

<div class="liju">

* 那些 书 ''被'' 借 '''走 了''' 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nàxiē shū ''bèi'' jiè '''zǒu le''' ma?</span><span class="trans">Are those books borrowed?</span>
* 他 ''被'' 谁 打 '''的''' ？<span class="pinyin">Tā ''bèi'' shéi dǎ '''de'''?</span><span class="trans">Who did he get beat up by? </span>
* 你 是不是 ''被'' 公司 炒鱿鱼 '''了''' ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shì bu shì ''bèi'' gōngsī chǎo yóuyú '''le'''?</span><span class="trans">Did you get fired by the company or not?</span>


</div>
=== <span id=".E8.A2.AB_Sentences_with_Aspect_Particles" class="mw-headline">被 Sentences with Aspect Particles</span> ===

The particles 了 and 过 can both be used with 被 constructions, while 着 cannot. This is because the disposal of the object in 被 construction must be complete in some way in the context. 着 indicates an action is &quot;ongoing,&quot; which is why it's not appropriate for a 被 construction.

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ Some examples:
! Subject
! 被
! Object
! Verb
! ''Aspect particle''
!

|-
| 他
| 被
| 老师
| 打
| ''过''
| 。
|-
| 你
| 被
| 他
| 骗
| ''了''
| ！
|-
| 我 的 车
| 被
|

| 撞
| ''过''
| 。
|-
| 她
| 被
| 男朋友
| 甩
| ''了''
| 。
|}


</div>
=== <span id=".E8.A2.AB_Sentences_with_Complements" class="mw-headline">被 Sentences with Complements</span> ===

Both [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement Result complements] and [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Direction_complement Direction complements] work well in 被 sentences.

Some examples:

<div class="liju">

* 花瓶 ''被'' 摔 '''碎''' 了 。<span class="pinyin">Huāpíng ''bèi'' shuāi '''suì''' le.</span><span class="trans">The vase was broken into pieces.</span>
* 那个人 ''被'' 车 撞 '''死''' 了 。<span class="pinyin">Nàge rén ''bèi'' chē zhuàng '''sǐ''' le.</span><span class="trans">That man got hit and killed by a car.</span>
* 那个 男人 ''被'' 警察 赶 '''出去''' 了 。<span class="pinyin">Nàge nánrén ''bèi'' jǐngchá gǎn '''chūqù''' le.</span><span class="trans">The man was kicked out by the policeman.</span>
* 孩子 ''被'' 他 父母 带 '''回去''' 了 。<span class="pinyin">Háizi ''bèi'' tā fùmǔ dài '''huíqù''' le.</span><span class="trans">The child was taken back by his parents.</span>


</div>
=== <span id="Adverbs_in_.E8.A2.AB_Sentences" class="mw-headline">Adverbs in 被 Sentences</span> ===

What if you want to include adverbs in your 被 sentence? Where should those go? They go in the same place as the ''negative'' adverb 没有, above. (Frequently you'll see the word &quot;adverbial&quot; or &quot;adverbial adjunct&quot; used in this case, because some words in Chinese, such as time words, act like adverbs but are technically nouns.) In the following example we'll use the adverb 刚, which is used to express that something just recently happened.

<div class="liju">

{|
|+ Some examples:
! Subject
! Adv.
! ''被''
! Doer
! Verb Phrase
!

!

|-
| 他
| '''刚才'''
| ''被''
| 同学
| 打
| 了
| 。
|-
| 我们
| '''都'''
| ''被''
| 老师
| 骂
| 了
| 。
|-
| 你 的 手机
| '''又'''
| ''被''
|

| 偷
| 了
| ？
|-
| 小偷
| '''终于'''
| ''被''
|

| 抓住
| 了
| ！
|}


</div>
== <span id="See_also" class="mw-headline">See also</span> ==

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Passive_verbs_with_%22shou%22 Passive verbs with &quot;shou&quot;]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Ba_sentence Ba sentence]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Result_complement Result complement]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Direction_complement Direction complement]

== <span id="Sources_and_further_reading" class="mw-headline">Sources and further reading</span> ==

=== <span id="Books" class="mw-headline">Books</span> ===

* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/A_Practical_Chinese_Grammar_For_Foreigners_(%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95) A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)] (pp. 470-7) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA →buy]
* [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar] (pp. 55) [http://amzn.to/2ykU1OD →buy]
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=== <span id="Websites" class="mw-headline">Websites</span> ===

* ChinesePod (free content): [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/passive-verbs-and-%E8%A2%AB Qing Wen - Passive Verbs and 被]
* East Asia Student: [http://eastasiastudent.net/2090/china/mandarin/cmn-grammar/passive-voice/ Mandarin passive voice: grammar and usage]

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