Standard Chinese

Module 1

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Defense Language Institute

Foreign Language Center

Nonresident Training Division

Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006

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Note

This course was formatted by Eric Streit (eric@yojik.eu) using the docbook format from the pdf scanned documents found on:

https://fsi-language.yojik.eu

Ronald Grenier (Demi Puppet) is helping a lot with digitizing, proofreading! Thanks a lot.

You can find the pdf, epub, odt versions on https://git.yojik.eu/ (whole book or separate lessons)

The document will be edited with traditional characters, and converted to simplified later. The transformation from traditional to simplified is far more accurate than the other way I intended to do.

The tones in the book sentences will match how the word would sound when spoken in a sentence, not how it sounds in the dictionary.

I intend to do a French version later ….

Preface

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an inter-agency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials, to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei.

The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.

A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).

The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 1974 in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.

Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.

Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communications classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.

All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chi Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.

Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.

The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.

The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.

Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks.

Chapter 1. Module 1: Orientation

The Orientation Module and associated resource modules provide the linguistic tools needed to begin the study of Chinese. The materials also introduce the teaching procedures used in this course.

The Orientation Module is not a typical course module in several respects. First, it does not have a situational topic of its own, but rather leads into the situational topic of the following module—Biographic Information. Second, it teaches only a little Chinese grammar and vocabulary. Third, two of the associated resource modules (Pronunciation and Romanization, Numbers) are not optional; together with the Orientation Module, they are prerequisite to the rest of the course.

1 Objectives

Upon successful completion of this module and the two associated resource modules, the student should:

Distinguish the sounds and tones of Chinese well enough to he able to write the Hànyǔ Pīnyīn romanization for a syllable after hearing the syllable.
Be able to pronounce any combination of sounds found in the words of the Target Lists when given a romanized syllable to read. (Although the entire sound system of Chinese is introduced in the module, the student is responsible for producing only sounds used in the Target Sentences for ORN. Producing the remaining sounds is included in the Objectives for Biographic Information,)
Know the names and locations of five cities and five provinces of China well enough to point out their locations on a map, and pronounce the names well enough to be understood by a Chinese.
Comprehend the numbers 1 through 99 well enough to write them down when dictated, and be able to say them in Chinese when given English equivalents.
Understand the Chinese system of using personal names, including the use of titles equivalent to “Mr.,” "Mrs.,” “Miss,” and “Comrade.”
Be able to ask and understand questions about where someone is from.
Be able to ask and understand questions about where someone is.
Be able to give the English equivalents for all the Chinese expressions in the Target Lists.
Be able to say all the Chinese expressions in the Target Lists when cued with English equivalents.
Be able to take part in short Chinese conversations, based on the Target Lists, about how he is, who he is, and where he is from.

2 Tapes for ORN and associated resource modules

Orientation (ORN)
Unit 1	1 C-1	1 P-1	1&2 D-1
Unit 2	2 C-1	2 P-1	1&2 D-1
Unit 3	3 C-1	3 P-1	3 D-1	3 C-2	3 P-2
Unit 4	4 C-1	4 P-1	4 D-1	4 C-2	4 P-2

Pronunciation and Romanization (P&R)
P&R 1	P&R 2	P&R 3	P&R 4	P&R 5	P&R 6

Numbers
NUM 1	NUM 2	NUM 3	NUM 4

Classroom Expressions (CE)
CE 1

3 Unit 1 Target List

1.	A:	Nĭ shi shéi?
		你是誰？
		Who are you?

	B:	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián.
		我是王大年。
		I am Wáng Dànián (Daniel King).

	A:	Wǒ shi Hú Mĕilíng.
		我是胡美玲。
		I am Hú Mĕilíng.

2.	A:	Nĭ xìng shénme?
		你姓什麼？
		What is your surname?

	B:	Wǒ xìng Wáng.
		我姓王。
		My surname is Wáng (King).

	A:	Wǒ xìng Hú.
		我姓胡。
		My surname is Hú.

3.	A:	Tā shi shéi?
		他/她是誰？
		Who is he/she?

	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglĭ.
		他是馬明理。
		He is Mǎ Mínglĭ.

	A:	Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng.
		他是馬先生。
		He is Mr. Mǎ.

	B:	Tā shi Mǎ tàitai.
		她是馬太太。
		She is Mrs. Mǎ.

	A:	Tā shi Mǎ xiǎojiě?
		她是馬小姐。
		She is Miss Mǎ.

	B:	Tā shi Mǎ tóngzhì
		他/她是馬同志。
		He/she is Comrade Mǎ.

4.	A:	Wáng xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		王先生，他是誰？
		Mr. Wáng, who is he?

	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglĭ xiānsheng.
		他是馬明理先生。
		He is Mr. Mǎ Mínglĭ.

5.	A:	Xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		先生，她是誰？
		Sir, who is she?

	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglĭ tàitai.
		她是馬明理太太。
		She is Mrs. Mǎ Mínglĭ.

6.	A:	Tóngzhì, tā shi shéi?
		同志，她是誰？
		Comrade, who is she?

	B:	Tā shi Fāng Bǎolán tóngzhì.
		她是方寶蘭同志。
		She is Comrade Fāng Bǎolán.

4 Unit 2 Target List

1.	A:	Nĭ shi Wáng Xiānsheng ma?
		你是王先生嗎？
		Are you Mr. Wáng?

	B:	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián.
		我是王大年。
		I am Wáng Dànián.

	A:	Wǒ bú shi Wáng Xiānsheng.
		我不是王先生。
		I'm not Mr. Wáng.

2.	A:	Nĭ xìng Wáng ma?
		你姓王嗎？
		Is your surname Wáng?

	B:	Wǒ xìng Wáng.
		我姓王。
		My surname is Wáng.

	A:	Wǒ bú xìng Wáng.
		我不姓王。
		My surname isn't Wáng.

3.	A:	Nín guìxìng?
		您貴姓？
		Your surname? (POLITE)

	B:	Wǒ xìng Wáng.
		我姓王。
		My surname is Wáng.

4.	A:	Nĭ jiào shénme?
		你叫什麼？
		What is your given name?

	B:	Wǒ jiào Dànián.
		我叫大年。
		My given name is Dànián (Daniel).

5.	A:	Nĭ hăo a?
		你好啊？
		How are you?

	B:	Wǒ hăo. Nĭ ne?
		我好。你呢？
		I'm fine. And you?

	A:	Hăo. Xièxie.
		好。謝謝。
		Fine, thanks.

6.		míngzi
		名字
		given name

5 Unit 3 Target List

1.	A:	Nĭ shi Měiguo rén ma?
		你是美國人嗎？
		Are you an American?

	B:	Shì.
		是。
		Yes (I am).

	B:	Bú shì.
		不是。
		No (I’m not).

2.	A:	Nĭ shi Zhōngguo rén ma?
		你是中國人嗎？
		Are you Chinese?

	B:	Shì, wǒ shi Zhōngguo rén.
		是，我是中國人。
		Yes, I’m Chinese.

	B:	Bú shì, wǒ bú shi Zhōngguo rén.
		不是，我不是中國人。
		No, I’m not Chinese.

3.	A:	Nĭ shi neǐguó rén?
		你是哪國人？
		What is your nationality?

	B:	Wǒ shi Měiguo rén.
		我是美國人。
		I’m an American.

	B:	Wǒ shi Zhōngguo rén.
		我是中國人。
		I’m Chinese.

	B:	Wǒ shi Yīngguó rén.
		我是英國人。
		I’m English.

4.	A:	Nĭ shi nărde rén?
		你是哪兒的人？
		Where are you from?

	B:	Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu rén.
		我是加州人。
		I’m a Californian.

	B:	Wǒ shi Shànghǎi rén.
		我是上海人。
		I’m from Shanghai.

5:		Déguó
		德國
		Germany

6:		Èguó (Éguó)
		俄國
		Russia

7:		Fàguó (Făguó)
		法國
		France

8:		Rìběn
		日本
		Japan

6 Unit 4 Target List

1.	A:	Āndésēn xiānsheng, nǐ shì nărde rén?
		安德森先生，你是哪兒的人？
		Where are you from, Mr. Anderson?

	B:	Wǒ shì Dézhōu rén.
		我是德州人。
		I’m from Texas.

	A:	Āndésēn fūren ne?
		安德森夫人呢？
		And Mrs. Anderson?

	B:	Tā yĕ shì Dézhōu rén.
		她也是德州人。
		She is from Texas too.

2:	A:	Tā shì Yīngguo rén ma?
		他是英國人嗎？
		Is he English?

	B:	Bú shì, tā bú shì Yīngguo rén.
		不是，他不是英國人。
		No, he is not English.

	A:	Tā àiren ne?
		他愛人呢？
		And his wife?

	B:	Tā yĕ bú shì Yīngguo rén.
		她也不是英國人。
		She isn’t English either.

3.	A:	Qĭngwèn, nǐ lăojiā zài nǎr?
		請問，你老家在哪兒？
		May I ask, where is your family from?

	B:	Wǒ lăojiā zài Shāndōng.
		我老家在山東。
		My family is from Shāndōng

4.	A:	Qīngdăo zài zhèr ma?
		青島在這兒嗎？
		Is Qīngdăo here? (pointing to a map)

	B:	Qīngdăo bú zài nàr, zài zhèr.
		青島不在那兒，在這兒。
		Qīngdăo isn’t there; it’s here. (pointing to a map)

5.	A:	Nĭ àiren xiànzài zài nǎr?
		你愛人現在在哪兒？
		Where is your spouse now?

	B:	Tā xiànzài zài Jiānádà.
		他/她現在在見那大。
		He/she is in Canada now.

Figure 6.1 On a Běijīng street (courtesy of Pat Fox)

7 Unit 1

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Topics Covered in this Unit

Questions and answers about full names and surnames.
Titles and terms of address (“Mr.,” “Mrs.,” etc.).

7.1.2 Prerequisites to the Unit

(Be sure to complete these before starting the unit.)

Background Notes
P&R 1 (Tape 1 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization), the tones.
P&R 2 (Tape 2 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization), the tones.

7.1.3 Materials You Will Need

The C-1 and P-1 tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.
The drill tape (1D-1)

7.1.4 About the C-1 and P-1 Tapes

The C-1 and P-1 tapes are your introduction to the Chinese words and structures presented in each unit. The tapes give you explanations and practice on the new material. By the time you have worked through these two tapes, you will be competent in understanding and producing the expressions introduced in the unit.

With the C-1 tape, you learn to understand the new words and structures. The material is presented in short conversational exchanges, first with English translations and later with pauses which allow you to translate. Try to give a complete English translation for each Chinese expression. Your goal when using the C-1 tape is to learn the meanings of all the words and structures as they are used in the sentences.

With the P-1 tape, you learn to put together these sentences. You learn to pronounce each new word and use each new structure. When the recorded instructions direct you to pronounce a word or say a sentence, do so out loud. It is important for you to hear yourself speaking Chinese, so that you will know whether you are pronouncing the words correctly. Making the effort to say the expression is a big part of learning it. It is one thing to think about how a sentence should be put together or how it should sound. It is another thing to put it together that way or make it sound that way. Your goal when using the P-1 tape is to produce the Target List expressions in Chinese when given English equivalents. At the end of each P-1 tape is a review of the Target List which you can go over until you have mastered the expressions.

At times, you may feel that the material on a tape is being presented too fast. You may find that there is not enough time allowed for working out the meaning of a sentence or saying a sentence the way you want to. When this happens, stop the tape. If you want to, rewind; Use the control buttons on your machine to make the tape manageable for you most and to get the most out of it.

7.1.5 About the Reference List and the Reference Notes

The Reference List and the Reference Notes are designed to be used before, during, or directly after work with the C-1 and P-1 tapes.

The Reference List is a summary of the C-1 and P-1 tapes. It contains all sentences which introduce new material, shoving you both the Chinese sentences written in romanization and their English equivalents. You will find that the list is printed so that either the Chinese or the English can be covered to allow you to test yourself on comprehension, production, or romanization of the sentences.

The Reference Notes give you information about grammar, pronunciation, and cultural usage. Some of these explanations duplicate what you hear on the C-1 and P-1 tapes. Other explanations contain new information.

You may use the Reference List and Reference Notes in various ways. For example, you may follow the Reference Notes as you listen to a tape, glancing at an exchange or stopping to read a comment whenever you want to. Or you may look through the Reference Notes before listening to a tape, and then use the Reference List while you listen, to help you keep track of where you are. Whichever way you decide to use these parts of a unit, remember that they are reference materials. Don’t rely on the translations and romanizations as subtitles for the C-1 tape or as cue cards for the P-1 tape, for this would rob you of your chance to develop listening and responding skills.

7.1.6 About the Drills

The drills help you develop fluency, ease of response, and confidence. You can go through the drills on your own, with the drill tapes, and the teacher may take you through them in class as well.

Allow more than half an hour for a half-hour drill tape, since you will usually need to go over all or parts of the tape more than once to get full benefit from it.

The drills include many personal names, providing you with valuable pronunciation practice. However, if you find the names more than you can handle the first time through the tape, replace them with the pronoun tā whenever possible. Similar substitutions are often possible with place names.

Some of the drills involve sentences which you may find too long to understand or produce on your first try, and you will need to rewind for another try. Often, particularly the first time through a tape, you will find the pauses too short, and you will need to stop the tape to give yourself more time. The performance you should aim for with these tapes, however, is full comprehension and full, fluent, and accurate production while the tape rolls.

The five basic types of drills are described below.

Substitution Drills: The teacher (T) gives a pattern sentence which the student (S) repeats. Then the teacher gives a word or phrase (a cue) which the student substitutes appropriately in the original sentence. The teacher follows immediately with a new cue.
- T: Are you an American?
- S: Are you an American?
- T: (cue) English
- S: Are you English?
- T: (cue) French
- S: Are you French?
Example 1.1 Here is an English example of a substitution drill:
Transformation Drills: On the basis of a model provided at the beginning of the drill, the student makes a certain change in each sentence the teacher says.
- T: I’m going to the bank.
- S: I’m not going to the bank.
- T: I’m going to the store.
- S: I’m not going to the store.
Example 2.1 Here is an English example of a transformation drill, in which the student is changing affirmative sentences into negative ones:
Response Drills: On the basis of a model given at the beginning of the drill, the student responds to questions or remarks by the teacher as cued by the teacher.
- T: What is his name? (cue) Harris
- S: His name is Harris.
- T: What is her name? (cue) Noss
- S: Her name is Noss.
Example 3.1 Here is an English example of a response drill:
Expansion Drills: The student adds something to a pattern sentence as cued by the teacher.
- T: He isn’t Chinese, (cue) Japanese.
- S: He isn’t Chinese. He’s Japanese.
- T: She isn’t German. (cue) French.
- S: She isn’t German. She’s French.
Example 4.1 Here is an English example of an expansion drill:
Combination Drills: On the basis of a model given at the beginning of the drill, the student combines two phrases or sentences given by the teacher into a single utterance.
- T: I am reading a book. John gave me the book.
- S: I am reading a book which John gave me.
- T: Mary bought a picture. I like the picture.
- S: Mary bought a picture which I like.
Example 5.1 Here is an English example of a combination drill:

7.2 References

7.2.1 Reference list

1.	A:	Nǐ shi shéi?
		你是誰？
		Who are you?
	B:	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián.
		我是王大年。
		I’m Wáng Dànián.
2.	A:	Nǐ shi shéi?
		你是誰？
		Who are you?
	B:	Wǒ shi Hú Měilíng.
		我是胡美玲。
		I’m Hú Měilíng.
3.	A:	Tā shi shéi?
		他是誰？
		Who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ
		他是馬明理。
		He is Mǎ Mínglǐ.
4.	A:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ.
		他是馬明理。
		He is Mǎ Mínglǐ.
	B:	Tā shi Hú Měilíng.
		她是胡美玲。
		She is Hú Měilíng.
5.	A:	Nǐ xìng shénme?
		你姓什麼？
		What is your surname?
	B:	Wǒ xìng Wáng.
		我姓王。
		My surname is Wáng.
6.	A:	Tā xìng shénme?
		他姓什麼？
		What is his surname?
	B:	Tā xìng Mǎ.
		他姓馬。
		His surname is Mǎ.
7.	A:	Tā shi shéi?
		他是誰？
		Who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng.
		他是馬先生。
		He is Mr. Mǎ .
8.	A:	Tā shi shéi?
		他是誰？
		Who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ xiānsheng.
		他是馬明理先生。
		He is Mr. Mǎ Mínglǐ.
9.	A:	Wáng xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		王先生，他是誰？
		Mr. Wáng, who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ xiānsheng.
		他是馬明理先生。
		He is Mr. Mǎ Mínglǐ.
10.	A:	Xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		先生，他是誰？
		Sir, who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng
		他是馬先生。
		He is Mr. Mǎ.
11.	A:	Xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		先生，她是誰？
		Sir, who is she?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ tàitai.
		她是馬太太。
		She is Mrs. Mǎ.
12.	A:	Wáng xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		王先生，她是誰？
		Mr. Wáng, who is she?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ tàitai.
		她是馬明理太太。
		She is Mrs. Mǎ Mínglǐ.
13.	A:	Wáng xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		王先生，她是誰？
		Mr. Wáng, who is she?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ xiǎojiě.
		她是馬小姐。
		She is Miss Mǎ.
14.	A:	Tā shi shéi?
		他是誰？
		Who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ tóngzhì.
		他是馬明理同志。
		He is Comrade Mǎ Mínglǐ.
15.	A:	Tóngzhì, tā shi shéi?
		同志，她是誰？
		Comrade, who is she?
	B:	Tā shi Fāng Bǎolán.
		她是方寶蘭。
		She is Fāng Bǎolán.
16.	A:	Tóngzhì, tā shi shéi?
		同志，她是誰？
		Comrade, who is she?
	B:	Tā shi Fāng Bǎolán tóngzhì.
		她是方寶蘭同志。
		She is Comrade Fāng Bǎolán.

7.2.2 Vocabulary

nǐ	你	you
shéi	誰	who
shénme	什麼	what
shì	是	to be
tā	他，她，它	he, she, it
tàitai	太太	Mrs.; wife, married woman, lady
tóngzhì	同志	comrade
wǒ	我	I
xiānsheng	先生	Mr., sir, husband, teacher
xiǎojiě (xiǎojie)	小姐	Miss, lady, daughter (polite)
xìng	姓	to be surnamed

7.2.3 Reference Notes

7.2.3.1 Notes on № 1-4

1.	A:	Nǐ shi shéi?
		你是誰？
		Who are you?
	B:	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián.
		我是王大年。
		I’m Wáng Dànián.
2.	A:	Nǐ shi shéi?
		你是誰？
		Who are you?
	B:	Wǒ shi Hú Měilíng.
		我是胡美玲。
		I’m Hú Měilíng.
3.	A:	Tā shi shéi?
		他是誰？
		Who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ
		他是馬明理。
		He is Mǎ Mínglǐ.

The verb shì means “to be” in the sense of “to be someone or something,” as in “I am Daniel King.” It expresses identity. (In Unit 4 you will learn a verb which means “to be” in another sense, “to be somewhere,” as in “I am in Běijīng.” That verb expresses location.) The verb shì is in the Neutral tone (with no accent mark) except when emphasized.

Unlike verbs in European languages, Chinese verbs do not distinguish first, second, and third persons. A single form serves for all three persons.

Wǒ	shi	Wáng Dànián.	I am Wáng Dànián.
Nǐ	shi	Hú Měilíng.	You are Hú Měilíng.
Tā	shi	Mǎ Mínglǐ.	He is Mǎ Mínglǐ.

Later you will find that Chinese verbs do not distinguish singular and plural, either, and that they do not distinguish past, present, and future as such. You need to learn only one form for each verb.

The pronoun tā is equivalent to both “he” and “she.” (and it), but the writing is different: he ↠ 他 , she ↠ 她 , it ↠ 它.

The question Nǐ shi shéi? is actually too direct for most situations, although it is all right from teacher to student or from student to student. (A more polite question is introduced in Unit 2.)

Unlike English, Chinese uses the same word order in questions as in statements.

Tā	shi	shéi?	Who is he?
Tā	shi	Mǎ Mínglǐ?	He is Mǎ Mínglǐ.

When you answer a question containing a question word like shéi. “who,” simply replace the question word with the information it asks for.

7.2.3.2 Notes on № 5-6

5.	A:	Nǐ xìng shénme?
		你姓什麼？
		What is your surname?
	B:	Wǒ xìng Wáng.
		我姓王。
		My surname is Wáng.
6.	A:	Tā xìng shénme?
		他姓什麼？
		What is his surname?
	B:	Tā xìng Mǎ.
		他姓馬。
		His surname is Mǎ.

Xìng is a verb, “to be surnamed.” It is in the same position in the sentence as shì, “to be.”

Wǒ	shi	Wáng Dànián.
I	am	Wáng Dànián.

Wǒ	xìng	Wáng.
I	am surnamed	Wáng.

Notice that the question word shénme. “What,” takes the same position as the question word shéi “who.”

Nǐ	shi	shéi?
You	are	who?

Nǐ	xìng	shénme?
You	are surnamed	what?

Shénme is the official spelling. However, the word is pronounced as if it were spelled shémma, or even shéma (often with a single rise in pitch extending over both syllables.) Before another word which begins with a consonant sound, it is usually pronounced as if it were spelled shém.

7.2.3.3 Notes on № 7-8

7.	A:	Tā shi shéi?
		他是誰？
		Who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng.
		他是馬先生。
		He is Mr. Mǎ .
8.	A:	Tā shi shéi?
		他是誰？
		Who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ xiānsheng.
		他是馬明理先生。
		He is Mr. Mǎ Mínglǐ.

After the verb shì you may have the full name alone, the surname plus title, or the full name plus title.

Tā	shi	Mǎ	Mínglǐ
Tā	shi	Mǎ		xiānsheng.
Tā	shi	Mǎ	Mínglǐ	xiānsheng.

Xiānsheng, literally “first-born,” has more of a connotation of respectfulness than “Mr.” Xiānsheng is usually applied only to people other than oneself. Do not use the title xiānsheng (or any other respectful title, such as Jiàoshòu, “Professor” when giving your own name. If you want to say “I am Mr. Jones,” you may say Wǒ xìng Jones.

When a name and title name are said together, logically enough it is the name which gets the heavy stress: WÁNG xiānsheng, You will often hear the title pronounced with no full tones: WÁNG Xiansheng.

7.2.3.4 Notes on № 9-12

9.	A:	Wáng xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		王先生，他是誰？
		Mr. Wáng, who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ xiānsheng.
		他是馬明理先生。
		He is Mr. Mǎ Mínglǐ.
10.	A:	Xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		先生，他是誰？
		Sir, who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng
		他是馬先生。
		He is Mr. Mǎ.
11.	A:	Xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		先生，她是誰？
		Sir, who is she?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ tàitai.
		她是馬太太。
		She is Mrs. Mǎ.
12.	A:	Wáng xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		王先生，她是誰？
		Mr. Wáng, who is she?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ tàitai.
		她是馬明理太太。
		She is Mrs. Mǎ Mínglǐ.

When you address someone directly, use either the name plus the title or the title alone. Xiānsheng must be translated as “Sir” when it is used alone, since “Mr.” would not capture its respectful tone. (Tàitai, however, is less respectful when used alone. You should address Mrs. Mǎ as Mǎ tàitai..)

7.2.3.5 Notes on № 13-16

13.	A:	Wáng xiānsheng, tā shi shéi?
		王先生，她是誰？
		Mr. Wáng, who is she?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ xiǎojiě.
		她是馬小姐。
		She is Miss Mǎ.
14.	A:	Tā shi shéi?
		他是誰？
		Who is he?
	B:	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ tóngzhì.
		他是馬明理同志。
		He is Comrade Mǎ Mínglǐ.
15.	A:	Tóngzhì, tā shi shéi?
		同志，她是誰？
		Comrade, who is she?
	B:	Tā shi Fāng Bǎolán.
		她是方寶蘭。
		She is Fāng Bǎolán.
16.	A:	Tóngzhì, tā shi shéi?
		同志，她是誰？
		Comrade, who is she?
	B:	Tā shi Fāng Bǎolán tóngzhì.
		她是方寶蘭同志。
		She is Comrade Fāng Bǎolán.

See the Background Notes on Chinese Personal Names and Titles for tóngzhì. “Comrade,” and the use of maiden names.

7.3 Drills

7.3.1 Substitution drill.

Table 7.3.1.1 Substitution drill.

1.	Mǎ Mínglǐ
	馬明理
	Mǎ Mínglǐ

	Tā shi Mǎ Mínglǐ.
	他是馬明理。
	He is Mǎ Mínglǐ.

2.	Hú Měilíng
	胡美玲
	Hú Měilíng

	Tā shi Hú Měilíng.
	她是胡美玲。
	She is Hú Měilíng.

3.	Wáng Dànián
	王大年
	Wáng Dànián

	Tā shi Wáng Dànián.
	他是王大年。
	He is Wáng Dàniá.

4.	Lǐ Shìmín
	李世民
	Lǐ Shìmín

	Tā shi Lǐ Shìmín.
	他是李世民。
	He is Lǐ Shìmín.

5.	Liú Lìróng
	劉麗容
	Liú Lìróng

	Tā shi Liú Lìróng.
	她是劉麗容。
	She is Liú Lìróng.

6.	Zhāng Bǎolán
	張寶蘭
	Zhāng Bǎolán

	Tā shi Zhāng Bǎolán.
	她是張寶蘭。
	She is Zhāng Bǎolán

7.3.2 Response Drill

When the cue is given by a male speaker, male students should respond. When the cue is given by a female speaker, female students should respond.

	Question	Cue	Answer

1.	Nǐ shi shéi? 你是誰？ Who are you?	Wáng Dànián 王大年	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián 我是王大年。 I am Wáng Dànián.
2.	Nǐ shi shéi? 你是誰？ Who are you?	Hú Měilíng 胡美玲	Wǒ shi Hú Měilíng. 我是胡美玲。 I am Hú Měilíng.
3.	Nǐ shi shéi? 你是誰？ Who are you?	Liú Shìmín 李世民	Wǒ shi Liú Shìmín. 我是李世民。 I am Liú Shìmín.
4.	Nǐ shi shéi? 你是誰？ Who are you?	Chén Huìrán 陳蕙然	Wǒ shi Chén Huìrán. 我是陳蕙然。 I am Chén Huìrán.
5.	Nǐ shi shéi? 你是誰？ Who are you?	Huáng Déxián 黃德賢	Wǒ shi Huáng Déxián. 我是黃德賢。 I am Huáng Déxián.
6.	Nǐ shi shéi? 你是誰？ Who are you?	Zhào Wǎnrú 趙婉如	Wǒ shi Zhào Wǎnrú. 我是趙婉如。 I am Zhào Wǎnrú.
7.	Nǐ shi shéi? 你是誰？ Who are you?	Jiǎng Bīngyíng 蔣冰瑩	Wǒ shi Jiǎng Bīngyíng. 我是蔣冰瑩。 I am Jiǎng Bīngyíng.
8.	Nǐ shi shéi? 你是誰？ Who are you?	Gāo Yǒngpíng 局永平	Wǒ shi Gāo Yǒngpíng. 我是高永平。 I am Gāo Yǒngpíng.

7.3.3 Response drill.

	Question	Cue	Answer

1.	Tā shi shéi? 他是誰？ Who is he?	Mǎ xiānsheng 馬先生 Mr. Mǎ	Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng. 他是馬先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ.
2.	Tā shi shéi? 她是誰？ Who is she?	Hú tàitai. 胡太太 Mrs. Hú	Tā shi Hú tàitai. 她是胡太太。 She is Mrs. Hú.
3.	Tā shi shéi? 他是誰？ Who is he?	Máo xiānsheng 毛先生 Mr. Máo	Tā shi Máo xiānsheng. 他是毛先生。 He is Mr. Máo.
4.	Tā shi shéi? 他是誰？ Who is he?	Zhāng tóngzhì 張同志 Comrade Zhāng	Tā shi Zhāng tóngzhì. 他是張同志。 He is Comrade Zhāng.
5.	Tā shi shéi? 她是誰？ Who is she?	Liú xiǎojiě 劉小姐 Miss Liú	Tā shi Liú xiǎojiě. 她是劉小姐。 She is Miss Liú.
6.	Tā shi shéi? 他是誰？ Who is he?	Mǎ xiānsheng 馬先生 Mr. Mǎ	Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng. 他是馬先生 He is Mr. Mǎ.
7.	Tā shi shéi? 她是誰？ Who is she?	Zhào tàitai. 趙太太 Mrs. Zhào	Tā shi Zhào tàitai. 她是趙太太。 She is Mrs. Zhào.

8 Unit 2

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Topics covered in this unit

Questions and answers about given names.
Yes/no questions.
Negative statement.
Greetings.

8.1.2 Prerequisites to the Unit

P&R 3 and P&R 4 (Tapes 3 and 4 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization).

8.1.3 Materials You Will Need

The C-1 and P-1 tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.
The 2D-1 tape.

8.2 References

8.2.1 Reference list

1.	A:	Tā shi Wáng tàitai ma?
		她是王太太嗎？
		Is she Mrs. Wáng?
	B:	Tā shi Wáng tàitai.
		她是王太太。
		she is Mrs. Wáng.
2.	A:	Nǐ shi Wáng xiānsheng ma?
		你是王先生嗎?
		Are you Mr. Wáng?
	B:	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián.
		我是王大年。
		I’m Wáng Dànián.
3.	A:	Nǐ shi Mǎ xiānsheng ma?
		你是馬先生嗎？
		Are you Mr. Mǎ.
	B:	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián.
		我是王大年。
		I’m Wáng Dànián.
4.	A:	Nǐ shi Mǎ xiānsheng ma?
		你是馬先生嗎？
		are you Mr. Mǎ?
	B:	Wǒ bú shi Mǎ xiānsheng.
		我不是馬先生。
		I’m not Mr. Mǎ.
5.	A:	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián.
		我是王大年。
		I am Wáng Dànián.
	B:	Wǒ bú shi Wáng Dànián.
		我不是王大年。
		I am not Wáng Dànián.
6.	A:	Nǐ xìng Fāng ma?
		你姓方嗎？
		Is your surname Fāng?
	B:	Wǒ bú xìng Fāng
		我不姓方。
		My surname isn’t Fāng.
7.	A:	Wǒ xìng Wáng.
		我姓王。
		My surname is Wáng.
	B:	Wǒ bú xìng Wáng.
		我不姓王。
		My surname isn’t Wáng.
8.	A:	Nǐ xìng Mǎ ma?
		你姓馬嗎？
		Is your surname Mǎ?
	B:	Bù xìng Mǎ. Xìng Wáng.
		不姓馬。(我)姓王。
		My surname isn’t Mǎ. My surname is Wáng.
9.	A:	Nín guìxing?
		您貴姓？
		Your surname? (polite)
	B:	Wǒ xìng Wáng.
		我姓王。
		My surname is Wáng.
10.	A:	Nǐ jiào shénme?
		你叫什麼？
		What is your given name?
	B:	Wǒ jiào Dànián.
		我叫大年。
		My given name is Dànián.
11.	A:	Nǐ hǎo a?
		你好啊？
		How are you?
	B:	Wǒ hǎo.
		我好
		I’m fine.
12.	A:	Nǐ hǎo a?
		你好啊？
		How are you?
	B:	Wǒ hǎo. Nǐ ne?
		我好，你呢？
		I’m fine. And you?
	A:	Hǎo, xièxie.
		好，謝謝。
		Fine, thanks.

8.2.2 Vocabulary

a	啊	question Marker
bù/bú	不	not
bú shi	不是	not to be
guìxìng	貴姓	honorable name
hǎo	好	to be fine, to be well, ok, good
jiào	叫	to be called, named
ma	嗎	question marker at the end of the sentence
míngzi	名字	given name, full name
ne	呢	question marker
xièxie	謝謝	thank you

8.2.3 Reference Notes

8.2.3.1 Notes on № 1-3

1.	A:	Tā shi Wáng tàitai ma?
		她是王太太嗎？
		Is she Mrs. Wáng?
	B:	Tā shi Wáng tàitai.
		她是王太太。
		she is Mrs. Wáng.
2.	A:	Nǐ shi Wáng xiānsheng ma?
		你是王先生嗎?
		Are you Mr. Wáng?
	B:	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián.
		我是王大年。
		I’m Wáng Dànián.
3.	A:	Nǐ shi Mǎ xiānsheng ma?
		你是馬先生嗎？
		Are you Mr. Mǎ.
	B:	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián.
		我是王大年。
		I’m Wáng Dànián.

The marker ma may be added to any statement to turn it into a question which may be answered “yes” or “no,”

The reply to a yes/no question is commonly a complete affirmative or negative statement, although, as you will see later, the statement may be stripped down considerably.

8.2.3.2 Notes on № 4-5

4.	A:	Nǐ shi Mǎ xiānsheng ma?
		你是馬先生嗎？
		are you Mr. Mǎ?
	B:	Wǒ bú shi Mǎ xiānsheng.
		我不是馬先生。
		I’m not Mr. Mǎ.
5.	A:	Wǒ shi Wáng Dànián.
		我是王大年。
		I am Wáng Dànián.
	B:	Wǒ bú shi Wáng Dànián.
		我不是王大年。
		I am not Wáng Dànián.

The negative of the verb shì, “to be,” is bú shi, “not to be.” The equivalent of “not” is the syllable bù. The tone for the syllable bù depends on the tone of the following syllable. When followed by a syllable with a High, Rising, or Low tone, a Falling tone is used (bù). When followed by a syllable with a Falling or Neutral tone, a Rising tone is used (bú).

bù fēi (not to fly)

bù féi (not to be fat)

bù fěi (not to slander)

bú fèi (not to waste)

Example 1.1 Examples

Almost all of the first few verbs you learn happen to be in the Falling tone, and so take bú. But remember that bù is the basic form. That is the form the syllable takes when it stands alone as a short “no” answer—bù—and when it is discussed, as in “bù means ‘not’.”

Notice that even though shì, “to be,” is usually pronounced in the Neutral tone in the phrase bú shi , the original Falling tone of shì still causes bù to “be pronounced with a Rising tone: bú.

Wǒ		shi		Wáng Dànián.
I		am		Wáng Dànián.

Wǒ	bú	shi		Mǎ xiānsheng.
I		am	not	Mǎ xiānsheng.

8.2.3.3 Notes on № 6-8

6.	A:	Nǐ xìng Fāng ma?
		你姓方嗎？
		Is your surname Fāng?
	B:	Wǒ bú xìng Fāng
		我不姓方。
		My surname isn’t Fāng.
7.	A:	Wǒ xìng Wáng.
		我姓王。
		My surname is Wáng.
	B:	Wǒ bú xìng Wáng.
		我不姓王。
		My surname isn’t Wáng.
8.	A:	Nǐ xìng Mǎ ma?
		你姓馬嗎？
		Is your surname Mǎ?
	B:	Bù xìng Mǎ. Xìng Wáng.
		不姓馬。(我)姓王。
		My surname isn’t Mǎ. My surname is Wáng.

It is quite common in Chinese—much commoner than in English—to omit the subject of a sentence when it is clear from the context.

8.2.3.4 Notes on № 9

9.	A:	Nín guìxing?
		您貴姓？
		Your surname? (polite)
	B:	Wǒ xìng Wáng.
		我姓王。
		My surname is Wáng.

Nín is the polite equivalent of nǐ, “you.”

Guìxìng is a polite noun, “surname.” Guì means “honorable.” Xìng which you have learned as the verb “to be surnamed” is in this case a noun, “surname.”

Literally, Nín guìxìng? is “Your surname?” The implied question is understood, and the “sentence” consists of the subject alone.

8.2.3.5 Notes on № 10

10.	A:	Nǐ jiào shénme?
		你叫什麼？
		What is your given name?
	B:	Wǒ jiào Dànián.
		我叫大年。
		My given name is Dànián.

Jiào is a verb meaning “to be called.” In a discussion of personal names, we can say that it means “to be given-named.”

8.2.3.6 Notes on № 11

11.	A:	Nǐ hǎo a?
		你好啊？
		How are you?
	B:	Wǒ hǎo.
		我好
		I’m fine.

Notice that the Low tones of wǒ and nǐ change to Rising tones before the Low tone of hǎo: Ní hǎo a? Wó hǎo.

Hǎo is a verb: “to be good” “to be well” “to be fine.” Since it functions like the verb “to be” plus an adjective in English, we will call it an adjectival verb.

Wǒ	hǎo
I	am fine

Nǐ	hǎo	a?
You	are fine	?

8.2.3.7 Notes on № 12

12.	A:	Nǐ hǎo a?
		你好啊？
		How are you?
	B:	Wǒ hǎo. Nǐ ne?
		我好，你呢？
		I’m fine. And you?
	A:	Hǎo, xièxie.
		好，謝謝。
		Fine, thanks.

The marker ne makes a question out of the single work nǐ, “you”: “And you?” or “How about you?”

Xiè is the verb “to thank.” “I thank you” would be Wǒ xièxie ni. Xièxie is often repeated: Xièxie, xièxie.

8.2.3.8 Notes on № 13

One way to ask what someone’s given name is: Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi?

8.3 Drills

8.3.1 Transformations drill

Table 8.3.1.1 Create a question from the statement

	Statement	Answer

1.	Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng. 他是王先生。 He is Mr. Wáng .	Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Wáng?

2.	Tā shi Hú tàitai. 她是胡太太。 She is Mrs. Hú	Tā shi Hú tàitai. ma? 她是胡太太嗎？ Is she Mrs. Hú?

3.	Tā shi Liú tóngzhì. 他是劉同志 He is Comrade Liú.	Tā shi Liú tóngzhì ma? 他是劉同志嗎？ Is he Comrade Liú?

4.	Tā shi Zhāng xiǎojiě. 她是張小姐 She is Miss Zhāng.	Tā shi Zhāng xiǎojiě ma? 她是張小姐嗎？ Is she Miss Zhāng?

5.	Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng. 他是馬先生。 He is Mr. Mǎ.	Tā Shi Mǎ xiānsheng ma? 他是馬先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Mǎ?

6.	Tā shi Fāng xiǎojiě. 她是方小姐。 She is Miss Fāng.	Tā shi Fāng xiǎojiě ma? 她是方小姐嗎？ Is she Miss Fāng?

7.	Tā shi Lín tóngzhì. 他是林同志。 He is Comrade Lín.	Tā shi Lín tóngzhì ma? 他是林同志嗎？ Is he Comrade Lín?

8.3.2 Response drill

Table 8.3.2.1 Respond by affirmative.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Wáng?	Shi. Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng. 是。他是王先生。 Yes. He is Mr. Wáng.

2.	Tā shi Zhào tàitai. ma? 她是趙太太嗎？ Is she Mrs. Zhào?	Shi. Tā shi Zhào tàitai. 是。她是趙太太。 Yes. She is Mrs. Zhào.

3.	Tā shi Chén tóngzhì ma? 她是陳同志嗎？ Is she Comrade Chén?	Shi. Ta shi Chén tóngzhì. 是。她是陳同志。 Yes. She is Comrade Chén.

4.	Tā shi Liú xiǎojiě ma? 她是劉小姐嗎？ Is she Miss Liú?	Shi. Tā shi Liú xiǎojiě. 是。她是劉小姐。 Yes. She is Miss Liú.

5.	Tā shi Sòng xiānsheng ma? 他是宋先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Sòng?	Shi. Tā shi Sòng xiānsheng. 是。他是宋先生。 Yes. He is Mr. Sòng.

6.	Tā shi Sūn tàitai. ma? 她是孫太太嗎？ Is she Mrs. Sūn?	Shi. Tā shi Sūn tàitai. 是。她是孫太太。 Yes. She is Mrs. Sūn.

7.	Tā shi Zhāng xiānsheng ma? 他是張先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Zhāng?	Shi. Tā shi Zhāng xiānsheng. 是。他是張先生。 Yes. He is Mr. Zhāng.

8.3.3 Response drill

Table 8.3.3.1 All your answers will be negative. Give the correct name according to the cue.

	Statement	Cue	Answer

1.	Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生嗎? Is he Mr. Wáng?	Liú 劉	Bú shi. Tā shi Liú xiānsheng. 不是。他是劉先生。 No. He is Mr. Liú .

2.	Tā shi Gāo xiǎojiě ma? 她是高小姐嗎？ Is she Miss Gāo?	Zhào 趙	Bú shi. Tā shi Zhào xiǎojiě. 不是。她是趙小姐。 No. She is Miss Zhào.

3.	Tā shi Huáng tóngzhì ma? 她是黃同志嗎？ Is she Comrade Huáng?	Wáng 王	Bú shi. Tā shi Wáng tóngzhì. 不是。她是王同志。 No. She is Comrade Wáng.

4.	Tā shi Yáng tàitai. ma? 她是楊太太嗎？ Is she Mrs. Yáng?	Jiǎng 蔣	Bú shi. Tā shi Jiǎng tàitai. 不是。她是蔣太太。 No. She is Mrs. Jiǎng.

5.	Tā shi Mǎ xiānsheng ma? 他是馬先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Mǎ?	Máo 毛	Bú shi. Tā shi Máo xiānsheng. 不是。他是毛先生。 No. He is Mr. Máo.

6.	Tā shi Zhōu xiǎojiě ma? 她是周小姐嗎？ Is she Miss Zhōu?	Zhào 趙	Bú shi.Tā shi Zhào xiǎojiě. 不是。她是趙小姐。 No. She is Miss Zhào.

7.	Tā shi Jiāng xiānsheng ma? 他是江先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Jiāng?	Jiǎng 蔣	Bú shi. Tā shi Jiǎng xiānsheng. 不是。他是蔣先生。 No. He is Mr. Jiǎng .

8.3.4 Response drill

Table 8.3.4.1 This drill is a combination of the two previous drills. Give an affirmative or a negative answer according to the cue.

	Statement	Cue	Answer

1.	Tā shi Liú tàitai. ma? 她是劉太太嗎？ Is she Mrs. Liú?	Liú 劉	Shì. Tā shi Liú tàitai. 是。她是劉太太。 Yes. She is Mrs. Liú.

2.	Tā shi Liú tàitai. ma? 她是劉太太嗎？ Is she Mrs. Liú?	Huáng 黃	Bú shi. Tā shi Huáng tàitai. 不是。她是黃太太。 No. She is Mrs. Huáng.

3.	Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Wáng?	Wáng 王	Shì. Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng. 是。他是王先生。 Yes He is Mr. Wáng.

4.	Tā shi Gāo tàitai. ma? 她是高太太嗎？ Is she Mrs. Gāo?	Zhào 趙	Bú shi. Tā shi Zhào tàitai. 不是。她是趙太太。 No. She is Mrs. Zhào.

5.	Tā shi Táng xiǎojiě ma? 她是唐小姐嗎？ Is she Miss Táng?	Táng 唐	Shì. Tā shi Táng xiǎojiě. 是。她是唐小姐。 Yes. She is Miss Táng.

6.	Tā shi Huáng xiānsheng ma? 她是黃先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Huáng?	Wáng 王	Bú shi. Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng. 不是。他不是王先生。 No. He is Mr. Wáng.

7.	Tā shi Zhāng tàitai. ma? 她是張太太嗎？ Is she Mrs. Zhāng?	Jiāng 江	Bú shi. Tā shi Jiāng tàitai. 不是。她是江太太。 No. She is Mrs. Jiāng.

8.3.5 Transformation drill

Table 8.3.5.1 Transform the sentence using xìng.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Nǐ shi Zhāng xiānsheng ma? 你是張先生嗎？ Are you Mr. Zhāng ?	Nǐ xìng Zhāng ma? 你姓張嗎？ Is your surname Zhāng?

2.	Nǐ shi Zhào tàitai. ma? 你是趙太太嗎？ Are you Mrs. Zhào?	Nǐ xìng Zhào ma? 你姓趙嗎？ Is your surname Zhào?

3.	Nǐ shi Jiǎng xiǎojiě m? 你是蔣小姐嗎？ Are you Miss Jiǎng?	Nǐ xìng Jiǎng ma? 你姓蔣嗎？ Is your surname Jiǎng?

4.	Nǐ shi Liú tóngzhì ma? 你是劉同志嗎？ Are you Comrade Liú?	Nǐ xìng Liú ma? 你姓劉嗎？ Is your surname Liú?

5.	Nǐ shi Sòng tàitai. ma? 你是宋太太嗎？ Are you Mrs. Sòng?	Nǐ xìng Sòng ma? 你姓宋嗎？ Is your surname Sòng?

6.	Nǐ shi Lǐ xiānsheng ma? 你是李先生嗎？ Are you Mr. Lǐ?	Nǐ xìng Lǐ ma? 你姓李嗎？ Is your surname Lǐ?

7.	Nǐ shi Sūn tóngzhì ma? 你是孫同志嗎？ Are you Comrade Sūn?	Nǐ xìng Sūn ma? 你姓孫嗎？ Is your surname Sūn?

8.3.6 Transformation drill

Table 8.3.6.1 Transform the sentence in a negative one.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Wǒ xìng Zhāng. 我姓張。 My surname is Zhāng.	Wǒ bú xìng Zhāng. 我不姓張。 My surname is not Zhāng.

2.	Wǒ xìng Chén. 我姓陳。 My surname is Chén.	Wǒ bú xìng Chén. 我不姓陳。 My surname is not Chén.

3.	Wǒ xìng Huáng. 我姓黃。 My surname is Huáng.	Wǒ bú xìng Huáng. 我不姓黃。 My surname is not Huáng.

4.	Wǒ xìng Gāo. 我姓高。 My surname is Gāo.	Wǒ bú xìng Gāo. 我不姓高。 My surname is not Gāo.

5.	Wǒ xìng Sūn. 我姓孫。 My surname is Sūn.	Wǒ bú xìng Sūn. 我不姓孫。 My surname is not Sūn.

6.	Wǒ xìng Zhāng. 我姓張。 My surname is Zhāng.	Wǒ bú xìng Zhāng. 我不姓張。 My surname is not Zhāng.

7.	Wǒ xìng Zhōu. 我姓周。 My surname is Zhōu.	Wǒ bú xìng Zhōu. 我不姓周。 My surname is not Zhōu.

8.3.7 Transformation drill

Table 8.3.7.1 Transform the sentence using bú xìng.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Wǒ bú shi Lǐ xiānsheng. 我不是李先生。 I’m not Mr. Lǐ.	Wǒ bú xìng Lǐ. 我不姓李。 My surname is not Lǐ.

2.	Wǒ bú shi Wáng tàitai. 我不是王太太。 I’m not Mrs. Wáng.	Wǒ bú xìng Wáng. 我不姓王。 My surname is not Wáng.

3.	Wǒ bú shi Chén xiānsheng. 我不是陳先生。 I’m not Mr. Chén.	Wǒ bú xìng Chén. 我不姓陳。 My surname is not Chén.

4.	Wǒ bú shi Lín tóngzhì. 我不是林同志。 I’m not Comrade Lín.	Wǒ bú xìng Lín. 我不姓林。 My surname is not Lín.

5.	Wǒ bú shi Zhōu xiǎojiě. 我不是周小姐。 I’m not Miss Zhōu.	Wǒ bú xìng Zhōu. 我不姓周。 My surname is not Zhōu.

6.	Wǒ bú shi Jiǎng xiānsheng. 我不是蔣先生。 I’m not Mr. Jiǎng.	Wǒ bú xìng Jiǎng. 我不姓蔣。 My surname is not Jiǎng.

7.	Wǒ bú shi Sòng tàitai. 我不是宋太太。 I’m not Mrs. Sòng.	Wǒ bú xìng Sòng. 我不姓宋。 My surname is not Sòng.

8.3.8 Expansion drill

Table 8.3.8.1 Transfomr the sentence according to the model.

	Statement	Cue	Answer

1.	Tā bú shi Wáng xiānsheng. 他不是王先生。 He is not Mr. Wáng.	Huáng 黃	Tā bú shi Wáng xiānsheng, tā xìng Huáng. 他不是王先生，他姓黃。 He is not Mr. Wáng, his surname is Huáng.

2.	Tā bú shi Jiǎng tàitai. 她不是蔣太太。 She is not Mrs. Jiǎng.	Jiāng 江	Tā bú shi Jiǎng tàitai., tā xìng Jiāng. 她不是蔣太太，她姓江。 She is not Mrs. Jiǎng, her surname is Jiāng.

3.	Tā bú shi Liú tóngzhì. 他不是劉同志。 He is not Comrade Liú.	Lín 林	Tā bú shi Liú tóngzhì, tā xìng Lín. 他不是劉同志，他姓林。 He is not Comrade Liú, his surname is Lín.

4.	Tā bú shi Sòng xiǎojiě. 她不是宋小姐。 She is not Miss Sòng.	Sūn 孫	Tā bú shi Sòng xiǎojiě, tā xìng Sūn. 她不是宋小姐，她姓孫。 She is not Miss Sòng, her surname is Sūn.

5.	Tā bú shi Zhào xiānsheng. 他不是趙先生。 He is not Mr. Zhào.	Zhōu 周	Tā bú shi Zhào xiānsheng, tā xìng Zhōu. 他不是趙先生，他姓周。 He is not Mr. Zhào, his surname is Zhōu .

6.	Tā bú shi Jiāng tóngzhì. 他不是江同志。 He is not Comrade Jiāng.	Zhāng 張	Tā bú shi Jiāng tóngzhì, tā xìng Zhāng. 他不是江同志，他姓張。 He is not Comrade Jiāng, his surname is Zhāng.

7.	Tā bú shi Sūn tàitai. 她不是孫太太。 She is not Mrs. Sūn.	Sòng 宋	Tā bú shi Sūn tàitai., tā xìng Sòng. 她不是孫太太，她姓宋。 She is not Mrs. Sūn, her surname is Sòng.

8.3.9 Expansion drill

Table 8.3.9.1 Expand the sentence using the model.

	Statement	Cue	Answer

1.	Wǒ bú xìng Fāng. 我不姓方。 My surname is not Fāng.	Hú 胡	Wǒ bú xìng Fāng, xìng Hú. 我不姓方。姓胡。 My surname is not Fāng, it’s Hú.
2.	Wǒ bú xìng Sūn. 我不姓孫。 My surname is not Sūn.	Sòng 宋	Wǒ bú xìng Sūn, xìng Sòng. 我不姓孫，姓宋。 My surname is not Sūn, it’s Sòng.

3.	Wǒ bú xìng Yáng. 我不姓楊。 My surname is not Yáng.	Táng 唐	Wǒ bú xìng Yáng, xìng Táng. 我不姓楊，姓唐。 My surname is not Yáng, it’s Táng.

4.	Wǒ bú xìng Jiǎng. 我不姓蔣。 My surname is not Jiǎng.	Zhāng 張	Wǒ bú xìng Jiǎng, xìng Zhāng. 我不姓蔣，姓張。 My surname is not Jiǎng, it’s Zhāng.

5.	Wǒ bú xìng Zhōu. 我不姓周。 My surname is not Zhōu.	Zhào 趙	Wǒ bú xìng Zhōu, xìng Zhào. 我不姓周，姓趙。 My surname is not Zhōu, it’s Zhào.

6.	Wǒ bú xìng Wáng. 我不姓王。 My surname is not Wáng.	Huáng 黃	Wǒ bú xìng Wáng, xìng Huáng. 我不姓王，姓黃。 My surname is not Wáng, it’s Huáng.

7.	Wǒ bú xìng Jiāng. 我不姓江。 My surname is not Jiāng.	Jiǎng 蔣	Wǒ bú xìng Jiāng, xìng Jiǎng. 我不姓江，姓蔣。 My surname is not Jiāng, it’s Jiǎng.

8.3.10 Response drill

Table 8.3.10.1 Respond according to the cue and the model.

	Statement	Cue	Answer

1.	Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Wáng?	Wáng 王	Shì. Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng. 是。他是王先生。 Yes. He is Mr. Wáng

2.	Tā shi Wáng xiānsheng ma? 他是王先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Wáng?	Huáng 黃	Tā bú shi Wáng xiānsheng, tā xìng Huáng. 他不是王先生，他姓黃。 His is not Mr. Wáng. His surname is Huáng.

3.	Tā shi Liú tàitai. ma? 她是劉太太嗎？ Is she Mrs. Liú?	Lín 林	Tā bú shi Liú tàitai. Tā xìng Lín. 她不是劉太太。她姓林。 She is not Mrs. Liú. Her surname is Lín.

4.	Tā shi Chén xiǎojiě ma? 她是陳小姐嗎？ Is she Miss Chén?	Chén 陳	Shì. Tā shi Chén xiǎojiě. 是。她是陳小姐。 Yes. She is Miss Chén.

5.	Tā shi Máo xiānsheng ma? 他是毛先生嗎？ Is he Mr. Máo?	Máo 毛	Shì. Tā shi Máo xiānsheng. 是。他是毛先生。 Yes. He is Mr. Máo.

6.	Tā shi Jiāng tóngzhì ma? 他是江同志嗎？ Is He/she Comrade Jiāng?	Zhāng 張	Tā bú shi Jiāng tóngzhì. Tā xìng Zhāng. 他不是江同志。他姓張。 He/she isn’t Comrade Jiāng. His/her surname is Zhāng.

7.	Tā shi Sòng tàitai. ma? 她是宋太太嗎？ Is she Mrs. Sòng?	Sòng 宋	Shì. Tā shi Sòng tàitai. 是。她是宋太太。 Yes. She is Mrs. Sòng.

8.	Tā shi Lǐ xiānsheng ma? Is he Mr. Lǐ? 他是李先生嗎？	Wáng 王	Tā bú shi Lǐ xiānsheng. Tā xìng Wáng. 他不是李先生。他姓王。 He isn’t Mr. Lǐ. His surname is Wáng.

8.3.11 Transformation drill

Table 8.3.11.1 Respond according to the model.

	Statement	Answer part1	Answer part 2

1.	Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng.	Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什麼？ What is his surname?	Tā xìng Wáng. 他姓王。 His surname is Wáng.

2.	Wǒ xìng Chén. 我姓陳。 My surname is Chén.	Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什麼？ What is his surname?	Tā xìng Chén. 他姓陳。 His surname is Chén.

3.	Wǒ xìng Liú. 我姓劉。 My surname is Liú.	Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什麼？ What is his surname?	Tā xìng Liú. 他姓劉。 His surname is Liú.

4.	Wǒ xìng Huáng. 我姓黃。 My surname is Huáng.	Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什麼？ What is his surname?	Tā xìng Huáng. 他姓黃。 His surname is Huáng.

5.	Wǒ xìng Sòng. 我姓宋。 My surname is Sòng.	Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什麼？ What is his surname?	Tā xìng Sòng. 他姓宋。 His surname is Sòng.

6.	Wǒ xing Lǐ. 我姓李。 My surname is Lǐ.	Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什麼？ What is his surname?	Tā xìng Lǐ. 他姓李。 His surname is Lǐ.

7.	Wǒ xìng Wáng. 我姓王。 My surname is Wáng.	Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什麼？ What is his surname?	Tā xìng Wáng. 他姓王。 His surname is Wáng.

8.3.12 Transformation drill

Table 8.3.12.1 Transform the statement according to the model.

	Statement	Answer part 1	Answer part 2

1.	Wǒ xìng Wáng jiào Dànián. 我姓王叫大年。 My surname is Wáng, and my given name is Dànián.	Nǐ xìng Wáng jiào shénme? 你姓王叫什麼？ Your surname is Wáng, and what is your given name?	Dànián. 大年。

2.	Wǒ xìng Hú　jiào Měilíng. 我姓胡叫美玲。 My surname is Hú, and my given name is Měilíng.	Nǐ xìng Hú　jiào shénme? 你姓胡叫什麼？ Your surname is Hú, and what is your given name?	Měilíng. 美玲。

3.	Wǒ xìng Lǐ　jiào Shìyīng. 我姓李叫世英。 My surname is Lǐ, and my given name is Shìyīng.	Nǐ xìng Lǐ　jiào shénme? 你姓李叫什麼？ Your surname is Lǐ, and what is your given name?	Shìyīng. 世英。

4.	Wǒ xìng Fāng jiào Bǎolán. 我姓方叫寶蘭。 My surname is Fāng, and my given name is Bǎolán.	Nǐ xìng Fāng jiào shénme? 你姓方叫什麼？ Your surname is Fāng, and what is your given name?	Bǎolán. 寶蘭。

5.	Wǒ xìng Sūn　jiào Déxián. 我姓孫叫德賢。 My surname is Sūn, and my given name is Déxián.	Nǐ xìng Sūn　jiào shénme? 你姓孫叫什麼？ Your surname is Sūn, and what is your given name?	Déxián. 德賢。

6.	Wǒ xìng Chén　jiào Huìrán. 我姓陳叫蕙然。 My surname is Chén, and my given name is Huìrán.	Nǐ xìng Chén　jiào shénme? 你姓陳叫什麼？ Your surname is Chén, and what is your given name?	Huìrán. 蕙然。

7.	Wǒ xìng Zhāng　jiào Zhènhàn. 我姓張叫振漢。 My surname is Zhāng, and my given name is Zhènhàn.	Nǐ xìng Zhāng　jiào shénme? 你姓張叫什麼？ Your surname is Zhāng, and what is your given name?	Zhènhàn. 振漢。

8.3.13 Combination drill

Table 8.3.13.1 Transform the sentence according to the model.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Tā xìng Chén. Tā jiào Bǎolán. 他姓陳。他叫寶蘭。 Her surname is Chén. Her given name is Bǎolán.	Tā xìng Chén, jiào Bǎolán. 他姓陳，叫寶蘭。 Her surname is Chén, given name Bǎolán.

2.	Tā xìng Lǐ. Tā jiào Mínglǐ. 他姓李。他叫明理。 Her surname is Lǐ. Her given name is Mínglǐ.	Tā xìng Lǐ, jiào Mínglǐ. 他姓李，叫明理。 Her surname is Lǐ, given name Mínglǐ.

3.	Tā xìng Hú. Tā jiào Bǎolán. 他姓胡。他叫寶蘭。 Her surname is Hú. Her given name is Bǎolán.	Tā xìng Hú, jiào Bǎolán. 他姓胡，叫寶蘭。 Her surname is Hú, given name Bǎolán.

4.	Tā xìng Jiāng. Tā jiào Déxián. 他姓江。他叫德賢。 Her surname is Jiāng. Her given name is Déxián.	Tā xìng Jiāng, jiào Déxián. 他姓江，叫德賢。 Her surname is Jiāng, given name Déxián.

5.	Tā xìng Zhōu. Tā jiào Zǐyàn. 他姓周。他叫紫燕。 Her surname is Zhōu. Her given name is Zǐyàn.	Tā xìng Zhōu, jiào Zǐyàn. 他姓周，叫紫燕。 Her surname is Zhōu, given name Zǐyàn.

6.	Tā xìng Zhāng. Tā jiào Tíngfēng. 他姓張。他叫廷峯。 Her surname Zhāng. Her given name is Tíngfēng.	Tā xìng Zhāng, jiào Tíngfēng. 他姓張，叫廷峯。 Her surname is Zhāng, given name Tíngfēng.

7.	Tā xìng Chén. Tā jiào Huìrán. 他姓陳。他叫蕙然。 Her surname is Chén. Her given name is Huìrán.	Tā xìng Chén, jiào Huìrán. 他姓陳，叫蕙然。 Her surname is Zhāng, given name Huìrán.

9 Unit 3

9.1 Introduction

9.1.1 Topics covered in this unit

Nationality.
Home state, province, and city.

9.1.2 Prerequisites to the unit

P&R 5 and P&R 6 (Tapes 5 and 8 of the resource module on Pronunciation and Romanization.)
NUM 1 and NUM 2 (Tapes 1 and 3 of the resource module on Numbers), the numbers from 1 to 10.

9.1.3 Material you will need

The C-1 and P-1 tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.
The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the workbook.
The 3D-1 tape.

9.2 References

9.2.1 Reference List

1.	A:	Nǐ shi Měiguo rén ma?
		你是美國人嗎？
		Are you American?
	B:	Wǒ shi Měiguo rén.
		我是美國人。
		I’m American.
2.	A:	Nǐ shi Zhōngguo rén ma?
		你是中國人嗎？
		Are you Chinese?
	B:	Wǒ shi Zhōngguo rén.
		我是中國人。
		I’m Chinese.
3.	A:	Wáng xiānsheng, nǐ shi Yīngguo rén ma?
		王先生，你是英國人嗎？
		Mr. Wáng, are you English?
	B:	Wǒ bú shi Yīngguo rén.
		我不是英國人。
		I’m not English.
4.	A:	Nǐ shi Zhōngguo rén ma?
		你是中國人嗎？
		Are you Chinese?
	B:	Bú shì.
		不是。
		No.
	A:	Nǐ shi Měiguo rén ma?
		你是美國人嗎？
		Are you American?
	B:	Shì.
		是。
		Yes, I’m.
5.	A:	Mǎ xiǎojiě shi Měiguo rén ma?
		馬小姐是美國人嗎？
		Is Miss Mǎ an American?
	B:	Bú shì, tā bú shi Měiguo rén.
		不是，他不是美國人。
		No, she is not an American.
	A:	Tā shi Zhōngguo rén ma?
		她是中國人嗎？
		Is she Chinese?
	B:	Shì, tā shi Zhōngguo rén.
		是，她是中國人。
		Yes, she is Chinese.
6.	A:	Nǐ shi něiguo rén?
		你是哪國人？
		What is your nationality?
	B:	Wǒ shi Měiguo rén.
		我是美國人。
		I’m American.
7.	A:	Tā shi něiguo rén?
		他是哪國人？
		What is his nationality?
	B:	Tā shi Yīngguo rén.
		他是英國人。
		He is English.
8.	A:	Nǐ shi nǎrde rén?
		他是哪兒的人？
		Where are you from?
	B:	Wǒ shi Shànghǎi rén.
		我是上海人。
		I’m from Shànghǎi.
9.	A:	Tā shi Fāng Bǎolán de xiānsheng.
		他是方寶蘭的先生？
		He is Fāng Bǎolán’s husband.
10.	A:	Tā shi nǎrde rén?
		他是哪兒的人？
		Where is he from?
	B:	Tā shi Shāndōng rén.
		他是山東人。
		He’s from Shāndōng.
11.	A:	Nǐ shi nǎrde rén?
		你是哪兒的人？
		Where are you from?
	B:	Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu rén.
		我是加州人。
		I’m Californian.
12.	A:	Nǐ shǐ Měiguo rén ma?
		你是美國人嗎？
		Are you an American?
	B:	Nǐ shi něiguo rén?
		你是哪國人？
		What’s your nationality?
	A:	Nǐ shi nǎrde rén?
		你是哪兒的人？
		Where are you from?

9.2.2 Vocabulary

-de	—的	possessive Marker
Déguo	德國	Germany
Èguo Éguo	俄國	Russia
Fàguó Fǎguo	法国	France
Jiāzhōu	加州	California
Měiguo	美國	America, United States
nǎr	哪儿	where?
něi-	哪—	which?
něiguo	哪國	which country?
rén	人	person
Rìběn	日本	Japan
Shāndōng	山东	a province name
Shànghǎi	上海	a city name
Yīngguo	英國	England
Zhōngguo	中國	China

Figure 9.2.2.1 0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-7.png

9.2.3 Reference Notes

9.2.3.1 Notes on № 1-3

1.	A:	Nǐ shi Měiguo rén ma?
		你是美國人嗎？
		Are you American?
	B:	Wǒ shi Měiguo rén.
		我是美國人。
		I’m American.
2.	A:	Nǐ shi Zhōngguo rén ma?
		你是中國人嗎？
		Are you Chinese?
	B:	Wǒ shi Zhōngguo rén.
		我是中國人。
		I’m Chinese.
3.	A:	Wáng xiānsheng, nǐ shi Yīngguo rén ma?
		王先生，你是英國人嗎？
		Mr. Wáng, are you English?
	B:	Wǒ bú shi Yīngguo rén.
		我不是英國人。
		I’m not English.

Rén is a noun, “person” or “persons”; so Měiguó rén is a noun phrase, literally “American person.” Sometimes, however, it is preferable or necessary to translate expressions of this sort as adjectives or prepositional phrases.

Tā shi Meǐguó rén .	他是美國人。	He is an American (noun phrase)
Tā shi Zhōngguó rén.	他是中國人。	He is Chinese (adjective)
Tā shi Shāndōng rén.	他是山東人。	Hi is from Shāndōng. (prepositional phrase)

Although Měiguó rén is translated here as “an American,” in other contexts it may be translated as “the American,” “American,” or “the Americans.” Later you will learn the various ways to indicate in Chinese whether a noun is definite or indefinite, singular or plural.

The syllable -guó usually loses its tone in expressions like Měiguó rén. (some speakers drop the tone when the word stands alone: Měiguo.)

9.2.3.2 Notes on № 4-5

4.	A:	Nǐ shi Zhōngguo rén ma?
		你是中國人嗎？
		Are you Chinese?
	B:	Bú shì.
		不是。
		No.
	A:	Nǐ shi Měiguo rén ma?
		你是美國人嗎？
		Are you American?
	B:	Shì.
		是。
		Yes, I’m.
5.	A:	Mǎ xiǎojiě shi Měiguo rén ma?
		馬小姐是美國人嗎？
		Is Miss Mǎ an American?
	B:	Bú shì, tā bú shi Měiguo rén.
		不是，他不是美國人。
		No, she is not an American.
	A:	Tā shi Zhōngguo rén ma?
		她是中國人嗎？
		Is she Chinese?
	B:	Shì, tā shi Zhōngguo rén.
		是，她是中國人。
		Yes, she is Chinese.

The short “yes” answer shì is really the verb “am” of the longer, more complete answer. The short “no” answer bú shi is really the “am not” of the longer answer.

It is possible to reduce a “no” answer to bù (note the Falling tone), but polite usage requires that you follow it up with a more complete answer. Both the short answers shì and bú shi are commonly followed by complete answers.

9.2.3.3 Notes on № 6-7

6.	A:	Nǐ shi něiguo rén?
		你是哪國人？
		What is your nationality?
	B:	Wǒ shi Měiguo rén.
		我是美國人。
		I’m American.
7.	A:	Tā shi něiguo rén?
		他是哪國人？
		What is his nationality?
	B:	Tā shi Yīngguo rén.
		他是英國人。
		He is English.

Něi- is the question word “which.” It is a bound word—a word which cannot stand alone—not a free word.

něi-	guo	rén
which	country	person

Notice that the syllable -guó, “country,” in the phrase něiguó rén may lose its rising tone.

9.2.3.4 Notes on № 8-11

8.	A:	Nǐ shi nǎrde rén?
		他是哪兒的人？
		Where are you from?
	B:	Wǒ shi Shànghǎi rén.
		我是上海人。
		I’m from Shànghǎi.
9.	A:	Tā shi Fāng Bǎolán de xiānsheng.
		他是方寶蘭的先生？
		He is Fāng Bǎolán’s husband.
10.	A:	Tā shi nǎrde rén?
		他是哪兒的人？
		Where is he from?
	B:	Tā shi Shāndōng rén.
		他是山東人。
		He’s from Shāndōng.
11.	A:	Nǐ shi nǎrde rén?
		你是哪兒的人？
		Where are you from?
	B:	Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu rén.
		我是加州人。
		I’m Californian.

nǎr is the question word “where.” The syllable de is the possessive marker; it functions like the English possessive ending -’s.

nǎr	-de	rén
where	’s	person

By reversing the word order, a slightly more idiomatic translation is possible: “a person of where.” The closest English equivalent is “a person from where.” To clarify the role of -de in this expression, the tape gives the following example of -de functioning like the English possessive ending -’s:

Fāng Bǎolán	-de	xiānsheng
Fāng Bǎolán	’s	husband

9.2.3.5 Notes on № 12

12.	A:	Nǐ shǐ Měiguo rén ma?
		你是美國人嗎？
		Are you an American?
	B:	Nǐ shi něiguo rén?
		你是哪國人？
		What’s your nationality?
	A:	Nǐ shi nǎrde rén?
		你是哪兒的人？
		Where are you from?

9.3 Drills

9.3.1 Response Drill

Table 9.3.1.1 All responses will be affirmative.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Tā shi Zhōngguó rén ma? 他是中國人嗎？ Is he Chinese?	Tā shi Zhōngguó rén. 他是中國人。 He is Chinese.

2.	Tā shi Rìběn rén ma? 他是日本人嗎？ Is he Japanese?	Tā shi Rìběn rén. 他是日本人。 He is Japanese.

3.	Tā shi Zhōngguó rén ma? 他是中國人嗎？ Is he Chinese?	Tā shi Zhōngguó rén. 他是中國人。 He is Chinese.

4.	Tā shi Měiguó rén ma? 他是美國人嗎？ Is he American?	Tā shi Měiguó rén. 他是美國人。 He is American.

5.	Tā shi Déguo rén ma? 他是德國人嗎？ Is he German.	Tā shi Déguo rén. 他是德國人。 He is German.

6.	Tā shi Jiānádà rén ma? T阿斯加拿大人嗎？ Is he Canadian?	Tā shi Jiānádà rén. 他是加拿大人。 He is Canadian.

7.	Tā shi Fàguo rén ma? 他是法國人嗎？ Is he French.	Tā shi Fàguo rén. 他是法國人。 He is French.

9.3.2 Response Drill

Table 9.3.2.1 Answer according to the model.

	Statement	Cue	Answer
1.	Tā shi Jiānádà rén ma? 他是加拿大人嗎？ Is he Canadian?	Yīngguó England 英國	Tā bú shi Jiānádà rén. Shì Yīngguó　rén. 他不是加拿大人。是英國人。 He not Canadian. (He) is English.

2.	Tā shi Rìběn rén ma? 他是日本人嗎？ Is he Japanese?	Zhōngguó China 中國	Tā bú shi Rìběn rén. Shì Zhōngguó rén. 他不是日本人。是中國人。 He is not Japanese. (He) is Chinese.

3.	Tā shi Yīngguó rén ma? 他是英國人嗎？ Is he English?	Měiguó America 美國	Tā bú shi Yīngguó rén. Shì Měiguó ren. 他不是英國人。是美國人。 He is not English. (He) is American.

4.	Tā shi Měiguó rén ma? 他是美國人嗎？ Is he American?	Jiānádà Canada 加拿大	Tā bú shi Měiguó rén, Shì Jiānádà rén. 他不是美國人。是加拿大人。 He is not American. (He) is Canadian.

5.	Tā shi Èguó rén ma? 他是俄國人嗎？ Is he Russian?	Déguó Germany 德國	Tā bú shi èguó rén. Shì Déguó rén. 他不是俄國人。是德國人。 He is not Russian. (He) is German .

6.	Tā shi Yuènán rén ma? 他是越南人嗎？ Is he Vietnamese?	Zhōngguó China 中國	Tā bú shi Yuènán rén. Shì Zhōngguó rén. 他不是越南人。是中國人。 He is not Vietnamese. (He) is Chinese.

7.	Tā shi Fàguó rén ma? 他是法國人嗎？ Is he French?	Yīngguó England 英國	Tā bú shi Fàguó rén. Shì Yīngguó ren. 他不是法國人。是英國人。 He is not French. (He) is English.

9.3.3 Response Drill

Table 9.3.3.1 Answer according to the cue.

	Statement	Cue	Answer

1.	Tā shi něiguo rén? 他是哪國人？ What is his nationality?	Fàguó France 法國	Tā shi Fàguó rén. 他是法國人。 He is French.

2.	Tā shi něiguo rén? 他是哪國人？ What is his nationality?	Zhōngguó China 中國	Tā shi Zhōngguó rén. 他是中國人。 He is Chinese.

3.	Tā shi něiguo rén? 他是哪國人？ What is his nationality?	Měiguó America 美國	Tā shi Měiguó rén. 他是美國人。 He is American.

4.	Tā shi něiguo rén? 他是哪國人？ What is his nationality?	Jiānádà Canada 加拿大	Tā shi Jiānádà rén. 他是加拿大人。 He is Canadian.

5.	Tā shi něiguo rén? 他是哪國人？ What is his nationality?	Rìběn Japan 日本	Tā shi Rìběn rén. 他是日本人。 He is Japanese.

6.	Tā shi něiguo rén? 他是哪國人？ What is his nationality?	Èguó Russian 俄國	Tā shi Èguó rén. 他是俄國人。 He is Russian.

7.	Tā shi něiguo rén? 他是哪國人？ What is his nationality?	Déguó German 德國	Tā shi Déguó rén. 他是德國人。 He is German.

9.3.4 Response Drill

Table 9.3.4.1 Respond according to the cue.

	Statement	Cue	Answer

1.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?	Běijīng 北京	Tā shi Běijīng rén. 他是北京人。 He is from Běijīng.

2.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?	Shànghǎi 上海	Tā shi Shànghǎi rén. 他是上海人。 He is from Shànghǎi.

3.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?	Chángshā 長沙	Tā shi Chángshā rén. 他是長沙人。 He is from Chángshā.

4.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?	Táizhōng 臺中	Tā shi Táizhōng rén. 他是臺中人。 He is from Táizhōng.

5.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?	Táiběi 臺北	Tā shi Táiběi rén. 他是臺北人。 He is from Táiběi.

6.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?	Tiānjīn 天津	Tā shi Tiānjīn rén. 他是天津人。 He is from Tiānjīn.

7.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?	Běijīng 北京	Tā shi Běijīng rén. 他是北京人。 He is from Běijīng.

9.3.5 Transformation Drill

Table 9.3.5.1 Transform the sentence according to the model.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Tā shi Běijīng rén. 他是北京人。 He is from Běijīng.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?

2.	Tā shi Zhōngguó rén. 他是中國人。 He is from China.	Tā shi něiguó rén? 他是哪國人？ Where is he from?

3.	Tā shi Jiānádà ren. 他是加拿大人。 He is from Canada.	Tā shi něiguó rén? 他是哪國人？ Where is he from?

4.	Tā shi Táiběi rén. 他是臺北人。 He is from Táiběi.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?

5.	Tā shi Shànghǎi rén. 他是上海人。 He is from Shànghǎi.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?

6.	Tā shi Yīngguó rén. 他是英國人。 He is from England.	Tā shi něiguó rén? 他是哪國人？ Where is he from?

7.	Tā shi Měiguó rén. 他是美國人。 He is from America.	Tā shi něiguó rén? 他是哪國人？ Where is he from?

8.	Tā shi Táizhōng rén. 他是臺中人。 He is from Táizhōng.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?

9.3.6 Transformation Drill

Table 9.3.6.1 Transform the sentence according to the model.


1.	Tā shi Lǐ tàitai. 她是李太太。 She is Mrs. Lǐ.	Tā bú shi Lǐ tàitai. 她不是李太太。 She is not Mrs. Lǐ.

2.	Tā xìng Gāo. 他姓高。 Her surname is Gāo.	Tā bú xìng Gāo. 他不姓高。 Her surname is not Gāo.

3.	Tā shi Táiběi rén. 她是臺北人。 Hi is from Táiběi.	Tā bú shi Táiběi rén. 她不是臺北人。 Hi is not from Táiběi.

4.	Tā xìng Liú. 他姓劉。 Her surname is Liú.	Tā bú xìng Liú. 他不姓劉。 Her surname is not Liú.

5.	Tā shi Měiguó rén. 她是美國人。 She is American.	Tā bú shi Měiguó rén. 她不是美國人。 She is not American.

6.	Tā shi Jiānádà rén. 她是加拿大人。 She is Canadian.	Tā bú shi Jiānádà rén. 她不是加拿大人。 She is not Canadian.

9.3.7 Transformation Drill

Table 9.3.7.1 Transform the sentence according to the model.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Tā xìng Hú. 他姓胡。 His surname is Hú.	Tā xìng Hú ma? 他姓胡嗎？ Is his surname Hú?

2.	Tā shi Běijīng rén. 他是北京人。 He is from Běijīng.	Tā shi Běijīng rén ma? 他是北京人嗎？ Is he from Běijīng?

3.	Tā shi Wáng Dànián. 他是王大年。 He is Wáng Dànián.	Tā shi Wáng Dànián ma? 他是王大年嗎？ Is he Wáng Dànián?

4.	Tā xìng Lín. 她姓林。 Her surname is Lín.	Tā xìng Lín ma? 她姓林嗎？ Is her surname Lín?

5.	Tā shi Zhōngguó rén. 她是中國人。 She is Chinese.	Tā shi Zhōngguó rén ma? 她是中國人嗎？　 Is she Chinese?

9.3.8 Transformation Drill

Table 9.3.8.1 Ask the question corresponding to the statement.


1.	Tā xìng Zhāng. 他姓張。 His surname is Zhāng.	Tā xìng shénme? 他姓什麼？　 What’s his surname?

2.	Tā shi Běijīng rén. 他是北京人。 He is from Běijīng.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?

3.	Tā shi Wáng Dànián. 他是王大年。 He is Wáng Dànián.	Tā shi shéi? 他是誰？ Who is he?

4.	Tā shi Rìběn rén. 他是日本人。 He is Japanese.	Tā shi něiguó rén? 他是哪國人？ What is his nationality?

5.	Tā shi Shāndōng rén. 他是山東人。 He is from Shāndōng.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他是哪兒的人？ Where is he from?

6.	Tā shi Chén tóngzhì. 他是陳同志。 He is Comrade Chén.	Tā shi shéi? 他是誰？ Who is he?

10 Unit 4

10.1 Introduction

10.1.1 Topics covered in this unit

Location of people and places.
Where people’s families are from.

10.1.2 Prerequisites to the unit

NUM 3 and NUM 4 (Tapes 3 and 4 of the resource module on Numbers.)
CE 1, on Classroom Expressions.

10.1.3 Material you will need

The C-1 and P-1 tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.
The C-2 and P-2 tapes , the workbook.
The 4D-1 tape.

10.2 References

10.2.1 Reference List

1.	A:	Qǐngwèn, nǐ shi nǎrde rén?
		請問，你是哪兒的人？
		May I ask, where are you from?
	B:	Wǒ shi Dézhōu rén.
		我是德州人。
		I’m from Texas.
2.	A:	Qǐngwèn, Āndésen fūren shi nǎrde rén?
		请請問，安德森夫人是哪兒的人?
		May I ask, where is Mrs. Andersen from?
	B:	Tā yě shi Dézhōu rén.
		她也是德州人。
		She is from Texas too.
3.	A:	Tā shi Yīngguó rén ma?
		他是英國人嗎？
		Is she English?
	B:	Bú shì, tā bú shi Yīngguó rén.
		不是，他不是英國人。
		No, he is not English.
	A:	Tā àiren ne?
		他爱人呢？
		And his wife?
	B:	Tā yě bú shi Yīngguó rén.
		她也不是英國人。
		She isn’t English either.
4.	A:	Qǐngwèn, Qīngdǎo zài nǎr?
		請問，青島在哪兒？
		May I ask, where is Qīngdǎo?
	B:	Qīngdǎo zài Shāndōng.
		青島在山東。
		Qīngdǎo is in Shāndōng.
5.	A:	Qǐngwèn, nǐ lǎojiā zài nǎr?
		請問，你老家在哪兒？
		May I ask, where is your family from?
	B:	Wǒ lǎojiā zài Āndàlüè.
		我老家在安大略。
		My family is from Ontario.
	B:	Wǒ lǎojiā zài Shāndōng.
		我老家在山東。
		My family is from Shāndōng.
6.	A:	Chén Shìmín tóngzhì zài nǎr?
		陳世民同志在哪兒？
		Where is Comrade Shìmín?
	B:	Tā zài nàr.
		他在那兒。
		He’s there.
7.	A:	Qīngdǎo zài nǎr?
		青島在哪兒？
		Where is Qīngdǎo?
	B:	Zài zhèr.
		在這兒。
		It’s here.
8.	A:	Nǐ àiren xiànzài zài nǎr?
		你愛人現在在哪兒？
		Where is your wife now?
	B:	Wǒ àiren xiànzài zài Jiānádà.
		我愛人現在在加拿大。
		My wife is in Canada now.

10.2.2 Vocabulary

àiren	愛人	spouse
Āndàlüè	安大略	Ontario
Dézhōu	德州	Texas
fūren	夫人	Lady, Madame, Mrs., wife (of a high ranking person)
Jiānádà	加拿大	Canada
lǎojiā	老家	“original home”
nàr (nèr)	那兒	there
Qīngdǎo	青島	a city name
Qǐngwèn	請問	May I ask?
xiànzài	現在	now
yě	也	also, too, either
zài	在	to be in/at/one
zhèr	這兒	here

Additional required vocabulary not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes.

Learn the pronunciation and location of any five cities and five provinces of China on the maps on page 80-81.

Figure 10.2.2.1 0021-FSI-StandardChinese-Module01ORN-StudentText-8.png

10.2.3 Reference Notes

10.2.3.1 Notes on № 1

1.	A:	Qǐngwèn, nǐ shi nǎrde rén?
		請問，你是哪兒的人？
		May I ask, where are you from?
	B:	Wǒ shi Dézhōu rén.
		我是德州人。
		I’m from Texas.

Qǐngwèn: Literally, qǐng means “request,” and wèn means “ask (for information).” Qǐngwèn is used as English speakers use “excuse me,” to get someone’s attention in order to ask him a question.

🛈︎

Note

Qǐngwèn is NOT the word used for saying “excuse me” when you step on someone’s foot. For that, you say duìbuqǐ .

10.2.3.2 Notes on № 2

2.	A:	Qǐngwèn, Āndésen fūren shi nǎrde rén?
		请請問，安德森夫人是哪兒的人?
		May I ask, where is Mrs. Andersen from?
	B:	Tā yě shi Dézhōu rén.
		她也是德州人。
		She is from Texas too.

Names: In the People’s Republic, a foreigner is known by the standard phonetic equivalent of his full name. His given name is followed by his surname, which is followed by the appropriate title, Mr. David Anderson will be called Dàiwéi Āndésèn xiānsheng . In Taiwan, there is no set way of giving names to foreigners. Sometimes, as in the PRC, a phonetic equivalent of the full name is used (though there are no standard versions). Sometimes, the equivalent is based entirely on the surname. Mr. Anderson, for instance, might be Ān Désēn xiānsheng. The surname may also be translated, as when “King” is translated into Wáng. It is also common to base the Chinese surname on the first syllable of the original surname, and the Chinese given name on something else (often the original given name). In Taiwan, Dàwèi is a common phonetic equivalent for “David.” “Mr. David Anderson,” therefore, might be Ān Dàwèi xiānsheng .

Here is a chart of SOME of the Chinese names that might be given to Mr. David Anderson.

Table 2.1 PRC

Dàwéi

Āndésēn

xiānsheng

Table 2.2 TAIWAN

Ān	Désēn	xiānsheng
Ān	Dàwèi	xiānsheng

Titles: In the PRC, a foreign man is addressed as xiānsheng, and a married woman as either fūren or taìtai, depending on her status. The term fūren is an especially respectful term used to address the wife of a high-ranking official or businessman. Fūren is also used this way on Taiwan.

An unmarried foreign woman in the PRC may be addressed as xiǎojiě “Miss.” Married or unmarried women may be addressed as Nǚshì. or “Ma’am.” Nǚshì will be introduced in BIO, Unit 1.

The term tóngzhì, “Comrade,” was originally used only by members of the Communist Party to address other members. It is now the general term of address used by all Chinese adults in the PRC. It should be remembered, though, that tóngzhì does carry a distinct political implication. Visitors in the People’s Republic, who are not citizens and who do not take part in efforts to realize Communist ideals, will not be addressed as tóngzhì and should not feel obliged to address anyone else as such.

Yě is an adverb meaning “also,” or “too.” It always comes before the verb.

10.2.3.3 Notes on № 3

3.	A:	Tā shi Yīngguó rén ma?
		他是英國人嗎？
		Is she English?
	B:	Bú shì, tā bú shi Yīngguó rén.
		不是，他不是英國人。
		No, he is not English.
	A:	Tā àiren ne?
		他爱人呢？
		And his wife?
	B:	Tā yě bú shi Yīngguó rén.
		她也不是英國人。
		She isn’t English either.

Àiren, which originally meant “loved one,” “sweetheart” or “lover,” is used in the PRC for either “husband” or “wife,” i.e., for “spouse.”

The possessive phrase Tā Àiren, “his wife” (or, “her husband”), is formed by putting the words for “he” (or “she”) and “spouse” together.

The marker -de (which you have seen in nǎrde rén) is not needed when the possessive relationship is felt to be very close. (See also the notes on No. 5.)

Yě in a negative sentence is usually translated as “either.” In this case, bù comes between yě and the verb. Possible English translations for yě, in both affirmative and negative sentences, are:

Tā yě shi Yǐngguo rén.

她也是英國人。

She is English too.

She is also English.

Tā yě bú shi Yīnggguo rén.

她也不是英國人。

She is not English either.

She is also not English.

10.2.3.4 Notes on № 4

4.	A:	Qǐngwèn, Qīngdǎo zài nǎr?
		請問，青島在哪兒？
		May I ask, where is Qīngdǎo?
	B:	Qīngdǎo zài Shāndōng.
		青島在山東。
		Qīngdǎo is in Shāndōng.

Zài is the verb “to be in/at/on,” that is, “to be somewhere.” Zài involves location, while shì involves identity, “to be someone/something.”

10.2.3.5 Notes on № 5

5.	A:	Qǐngwèn, nǐ lǎojiā zài nǎr?
		請問，你老家在哪兒？
		May I ask, where is your family from?
	B:	Wǒ lǎojiā zài Āndàlüè.
		我老家在安大略。
		My family is from Ontario.
	B:	Wǒ lǎojiā zài Shāndōng.
		我老家在山東。
		My family is from Shāndōng.

Literally, lǎojiā is “old home” (“original home,” “ancestral home,” “native place”), that is, the place you and your family are from. When a Chinese asks you about your lǎojiā, he probably wants to know about your hometown, the place where you grew up.

When you ask a Chinese about his lǎojiā however, he will tell you where his family came from originally. A Chinese whose grandparents came from the province of Guǎngdōng will give that as his lǎojiā, even if he and his parents have spent all of their lives in Sìchuān.

Nǐ lǎojiā zài nǎr? (literally “Where is your original home?”) asks for the LOCATION of the town you come from.

The question is answered with zài plus the name of the province (or state) that the town is located in: Wǒ lǎojiā zài Dèzhōu (Āndàlüè, Shāndōng). Nǐ lǎojiā shi nǎr? (translated into English as “What is your original home?” asks about the IDENTITY of the town you come from. That question is answered with shi plus the name of the town (or city): Wǒ lǎojiā shi Jiùjīnshān (Qǐngdǎo, Shànghǎi).

Compare:

Wó lǎojiā zài Guǎngdōng.	我老家在廣東。	My original home is in Guǎngdōng.
Wǒ lǎojiā shi Guǎngzhōu.	我老家是廣州。	My original home is Guǎngzhōu.

The possessive nǐ lǎojiā, like tā àiren, does not require a possessive marker. However, if more than one word must be used to indicate the possessor, -de is often inserted after the last word: nǐ àirende lǎojiā, “your spouse’s original home” or “where your spouse’s family comes from.”

10.2.3.6 Notes on № 6-8

6.	A:	Chén Shìmín tóngzhì zài nǎr?
		陳世民同志在哪兒？
		Where is Comrade Shìmín?
	B:	Tā zài nàr.
		他在那兒。
		He’s there.
7.	A:	Qīngdǎo zài nǎr?
		青島在哪兒？
		Where is Qīngdǎo?
	B:	Zài zhèr.
		在這兒。
		It’s here.
8.	A:	Nǐ àiren xiànzài zài nǎr?
		你愛人現在在哪兒？
		Where is your wife now?
	B:	Wǒ àiren xiànzài zài Jiānádà.
		我愛人現在在加拿大。
		My wife is in Canada now.

You have learned three words for asking and telling about locations.

nǎr	哪兒	where
nàr (nèr)	那兒	there
zhèr	這兒	here

Notice that the question word nǎr is in the Low tone, while the answer words nàr and zhèr are both in the Falling tone. Also notice that the vowel sound in zhèr is different from that in nǎr and nàr. (Some speakers prefer nèr to nàr.) When you are talking about movable things and people that you presume are not nearby (“nearby,” being approximately within pointing range), you usually ask where they are NOW. The “present time” word may be omitted if the time has been established earlier in the conversation.

Nǐ àiren xiànzài zài nǎr?	你愛人現在在哪兒？	Where is your wife now?
Tā zài Běijīng.	她在北京。	She’s in Běijīng (now).

If you ask about someone or something you presume to be nearby (a pair of scissors in a drawer, for instance, or a person in a group across the room), you do not use xiànzài.

In English, the words “here” and “there” are used to refer to locations of any size. In Chinese, however, zhèr and nàr are usually not used for cities, provinces, and countries (with the exception that you may use zhèr to refer to the city you are in). Instead, you repeat the name of the place.

Compare these two exchanges in Beìjǐng:

Country:

Mǎdīng xiānsheng xiànzài zài Zhōngguó ma?

Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó.

He is here now.

City:

Mǎdīng xiānsheng xiànzài zài Shànghǎi ma?

Tā bú zài Shànghǎi; tā zài zhèr.

He is not there; he is here.

Jiānádà “Canada”: Although the middle syllable of this word is marked with the Rising tone, at a normal rate of speech you will probably hear Jiānādà.

10.3 Drills

10.3.1 Response Drill

Table 10.3.1.1 Respond to the question “Where is He/she from?” according to the cue.

	Statement	Cue	Answer

1.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪兒的人？ Where is He/she from?	Húnán 湖南	Tā shi Húnán rén. 他/她是湖南人。 He/she is from Húnán.

2.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪兒的人？ Where is He/she from?	Shāndōng 山東	Tā shi Shāndōng rén. 他/她是山東人。 He/she is from Shāndōng.

3.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪兒的人？ Where is He/she from?	Héběi 河北	Tā shi Héběi rén. 他/她是河北人。 He/she is from Héběi.

4.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪兒的人？ Where is He/she from?	Jiāngsū 江蘇	Tā shi Jiāngsū rén. 他/她是江蘇人。 He/she is from Jiāngsū.

5.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪兒的人？ Where is He/she from?	Guāngdōng 廣東	Tā shi Guāngdōng rén. 他/她是廣東人。 He/she is from Guāngdōng.

6.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪兒的人？ Where is He/she from?	Húběi 湖北	Tā shi Húběi rén. 他/她是湖北人。 He/she is from Húběi.

7.	Tā shi nǎrde rén? 他/她是哪兒的人？ Where is He/she from?	Sìchuān 四川	Tā shi Sìchuān rén. 他/她是四川人。 He/she is from Sìchuān.

10.3.2 Transformation Drill

Table 10.3.2.1 Ask the appropriate “where” question, as in the example.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Zhāng tóngzhì fūren shi Běijīng rén. 張同志夫人是北京人。 Comrade Zhāng’s wife is from Běijīng.	Qǐngwèn, Zhāng fūren shi nǎrde rén? 請問張夫人是哪兒的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Zhāng from?

2.	Huáng tóngzhì fūren shi Shànghǎi ren. 黃同志夫人是上海人。 Comrade Huáng’s wife is from Shànghǎi.	Qǐngwèn, Huáng fūren shi nǎrde rén? 請問黃夫人是哪兒的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Huáng from?

3.	Wáng tóngzhì fūren shi Nánjīng rén. 王同志夫人是南京人。 Comrade Wáng’s wife is from Nánjīng.	Qǐngwèn, Wáng fūren shi nǎrde ren? 請問黃夫人是哪兒的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Wáng from?

4.	Lǐ tóngzhì fūren shi Guǎngzhōu rén. 李同志夫人是廣州人。 Comrade Lǐ’s wife is from Guǎngzhōu.	Qǐngwèn, Lǐ fūren shi nǎrde rén? 請問李夫人是哪兒的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Lǐ from?

5.	Zhào tōngzhì fūren shi Xiānggǎng ren. 趙同志夫人是香港。 Comrade　Zhào’s wife is from Xiānggǎng.	Qǐngwèn, Zhào fūren shi nǎrde ren? 請問趙夫人是哪兒的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Zhào from?

6.	Máo tóngzhì fūren shi Qīngdǎo ren. 毛同志夫人是青島人。 Comrade Máo’s wife is from Qīngdǎo.	Qǐngwèn, Máo fūren shi nǎrde rén? 請問毛夫人是哪兒的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Máo from?

7.	Chén tóngzhì fūren shi Běijīng rén. 陳同志夫人是北京人。 Comrade Chén’s wife is from Xiānggǎng.	Qǐngwèn, Chén fūren shi nǎrde rén? 請問陳夫人是哪兒的人？ May I ask, where is Mrs. Chén from?

10.3.3 Transformation Drill

Table 10.3.3.1 Change affirmative statements to negative statements.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Tā shi Héběi rén. 他/她是河北人。 He/she is from Héběi.	Tā bú shi Héběi ren. 他/她不是河北人。 He/she is not from Héběi.

2.	Tā shi Shāndōng rén. 他/她是山東人。 He/she is from Shāndōng.	Tā bú shi Shāndōng rén. 他/她不是山東人。 He/she is not from Shāndōng.

3.	Tā shi Jiāngsū ren. 他/她是江蘇人。 He/she is from Jiāngsū.	Tā bú shi Jiāngsū rén. 他/她不是江蘇人。 He/she is not from Jiāngsū.

4.	Tā shi Fújiàn rén. 他/她是福建人。 He/she is from Fújiàn.	Tā bú shi Fújiàn rén. 他/她不是福建人。 He/she is not from Fújiàn.

5.	Tā shi Zhèjiāng rén. 他/她是浙江人。 He/she is from Zhèjiāng.	Tā bú shi Zhèjiāng rén. 他/她不是浙江人。 He/she is not from Zhèjiāng.

6.	Tā shi Húnán ren. 他/她是湖南人。 He/she is from Húnán.	Tā bú shi Húnán ren. 他/她不是湖南人。 He/she is not from Húnán.

7.	Tā shi Sìchuān rén. 他/她是四川人。 He/she is from Sìchuān.	Tā bú shi Sìchuān rén. 他/她不是四川人。 He/she is not from Sìchuān.

10.3.4 Transformation Drill

Table 10.3.4.1 Add yě to the statement.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Tā shi Héběi ren. 他/她是河北人。 He/she is from Héběi	Tā yě shi Héběi rén. 他/她也是河北人。 He/she is from Héběi too.

2.	Tā shi Zhèjiāng ren. 他/她是浙江人。 He/she is from Zhèjiāng	Tā yě shi Zhèjiāng rén. 他/她也是浙江人。 He/she is from Zhèjiāng too.

3.	Tā shi Fújiàn ren. 他/她是福建人。 He/she is from Fújiàn	Tā yě shi Fújiàn rén. 他/她也是福建人。 He/she is from Fújiàn too.

4.	Tā shi Húnán ren. 他/她是湖南人。 He/she is from Húnán	Tā yě shi Húnán rén. 他/她也是湖南人。 He/she is from Húnán too.

5.	Tā shi Jiāngsū ren. 他/她是江蘇人。 He/she is from Jiāngsū	Tā yě shi Jiāngsū rén. 他/她也是江蘇人。 He/she is from Jiāngsū too.

6.	Tā shi Shāndōng rén. 他/她是山東人。 He/she is from Shāndōng	Tā yě shi Shāndōng rén. 他/她也是山東人。 He/she is from Shāndōng too.

7.	Tā shi Hénán rén. 他/她是河南人。 He/she is from Hénán	Tā yě shi Hénán rén. 他/她也是河南人。 He/she is from Hénán too.

10.3.5 Transformation Drill

Table 10.3.5.1 Add yě to the statement.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Zhào xiānsheng bú shi Táiwān rén. 趙先生不是臺灣人。 Mr. Zhào isn’t from Táiwān.	Zhào xiānsheng yě bú shi Táiwān rén. 趙先生也不是臺灣人。 Mr. Zhào isn’t from Táiwān either.

2.	Lǐ xiānsheng bú shi Táiběi ren. 李先生不是臺北人。 Mr. Lǐ isn’t from Táiběi.	Lǐ xiānsheng yě bú shi Táiběi ren. 李先生也不是臺北人。 Mr. Lǐ isn’t from Táiběi either.

3.	Wáng xiānsheng bú shi Táizhōng ren. 王先生不是臺中人。 Mr. Wáng isn’t from Táizhōng.	Wáng xiānsheng yě bú shi Táizhōng ren. 王先生也不是臺中人。 Mr. Wáng isn’t from Táizhōng either.

4.	Huáng xiānsheng bú shi Táinán rén. 黃先生不是臺南人。 Mr. Huáng isn’t from Táinán.	Huáng xiānsheng yě bú shi Táinán rén. 黃先生也不是臺南人。 Mr. Huáng isn’t from Táinán either.

5.	Liú xiānsheng bú shi Táidōng rén. 劉先生不是臺東人。 Mr. Liú isn’t from Táidōng.	Liú xiānsheng yě bú shi Táidōng rén. 劉先生也不是臺東人。 Mr. Liú isn’t from Táidōng either.

6.	Hú xiānsheng bú shi Jīlóng rén. 胡先生不是基隆市人。 Mr. Hú isn’t from Jīlóng.	Hú xiānsheng yě bú shi Jīlóng rén. 胡先生也不是基隆市人。 Mr. Hú isn’t from Jīlóng either.

7.	Chén xiānsheng bú shi Gāoxióng rén. 陳先生不是高雄人。 Mr. Chén isn’t from Gāoxióng.	Chén xiānsheng yě bú shi Gāoxióng rén. 陳先生也不是高雄人。 Mr. Chén isn’t from Gāoxióng either.

10.3.6 Response drill

Table 10.3.6.1 Give a negative answer to the statements..

	Question	Answer

1.	Mǎ tóngzhì shi Běijīng rén ma? 馬同志是北京人嗎？ Is Comrade Mǎ from Běijīng?	Tā bú shi Běijīng rén. 他/她不是北京人。 He/she isn’t from Běijīng.

2.	Tā àiren ne? 他/她愛人呢? And his/her spouse?	Tā àiren yě bú shi Běijīng rén. 他/她愛人也不是北京人。 He/she isn’t from Běijīng either.

3.	Zhāng tóngzhì shi Shànghǎi rén ma? 張同志是上海人嗎？ Is Comrade Zhāng from Shànghǎi?	Tā bú shi Shànghǎi rén. 他/她不是上海人。 He/she isn’t from Shànghǎi.

4.	Tā àiren ne? 他/她愛人呢? And his/her spouse?	Tā yě bú shi Shànghǎi rén. 他/她也不是上海人。 He/she isn’t from Shànghǎi either.

5.	Jiāng tóngzhì shi Nánjīng rén ma? 蔣同志是南京人嗎？ Is Comrade Jiāng from Nánjīng?	Tā bú shi Nánjīng rén. 他/她不是南京． He/she isn’t from Nánjīng.

6.	Tā àiren ne? 他/她愛人呢? And his/her spouse?	Tā yě bú shi Nánjīng rén. 他/她也不是南京人。 He/she isn’t from Nánjīng either.

7.	Chén tóngzhì shi Guǎngzhōu rén ma? 陳同志是廣州人嗎？ Is Comrade Chén from Guǎngzhōu?	Tā bú shi Guǎngzhōu rén. 他/她不是廣州人。 He/she isn’t from Guǎngzhōu.

8.	Tā àiren ne? 他/她愛人呢? And his/her spouse?	Tā yě bú shi Guǎngzhōu rén. 他/她也不是廣州人。 He/she isn’t from Guǎngzhōu either.

9.	Sūn tóngzhì shi Chéngdū rén ma? 孫同志是成都人嗎？ Is Comrade Sūn from Chéngdū?	Tā bū shi Chéngdū rén. 他/她不是成都人。 He/she isn’t from Chéngdū.

10.	Tā àiren ne? 他/她愛人呢? And his/her spouse?	Tā yě bú shi Chéngdū rén. 他/她也不是成都人。 He/she isn’t from Chéngdū either.

11.	Máo tóngzhì shi Qīngdǎo rén ma? 毛同志是青島人嗎？ Is Comrade Máo from Qīngdǎo?	Tā bú shi Qīngdǎo rén. 他/她不是青島人。 He/she isn’t from Qīngdǎo.

12.	Tā àiren ne? 他/她愛人呢? And his/her spouse?	Tā yě bú shi Qīngdǎo rén. 他/她也不是青島人。 He/she isn’t from Qīngdǎo either.

13.	Yáng tóngzhì shi Běijīng rén ma? 楊同志是北京人嗎？ Is Comrade Yáng from Běijīng?	Tā bú shi Běijīng rén. 他/她不是北京人。 He/she isn’t from Běijīng.

14.	Tā àiren ne? 他/她愛人呢? And his/her spouse?	Tā yě bú shi Běijīng rén. 他/她也不是北京人。 He/she isn’t from Běijīng either.

10.3.7 Response Drill

Table 10.3.7.1 Respond according to the cue.

	Statement	Cue	Answer

1.	Qǐngwèn, Qīngdǎo zài nǎr? 請問青島在哪兒？ May I ask, where is Qīngdǎo?	Shāndōng 山東	Qīngdǎo zài Shāndōng. 青島在山東。 Qīngdǎo is in Shāndōng.

2.	Qǐngwèn, Nánjīng zài nǎr? 請問南京在哪兒？ May I ask, where is Nánjīng?	Jiāngsū 江蘇	Nánjīng zài Jiāngsū. 南京在江蘇。 Nánjīng is in Jiāngsū.

3.	Qǐngwèn, Guǎngzhōu zài nǎr? 請問廣州在哪兒？ May I ask, where is Guǎngzhōu?	Guǎngdōng 廣東	Guǎngzhōu zài Guǎngdōng. 廣州在廣東。 Guǎngzhōu is in Guǎngdōng.

4.	Qǐngwèn, Shànghǎi zài nǎr? 請問上海在哪兒？ May I ask, where is Shànghǎi?	Jiāngsū 江蘇	Shànghǎi zài Jiāngsū. 上海在江蘇。 Shànghǎi is in Jiāngsū.

5.	Qǐngwèn, Běijīng zài nǎr? 請問北京在哪兒？ May I ask, where is Běijīng?	Héběi 河北	Běijīng zài Héběi. 北京在河北。 Běijīng is in Héběi.

6.	Qǐngwèn, Qīngdǎo zài nǎr? 請問青島在哪兒？ May I ask, where is Qīngdǎo?	Shāndōng 山東	Qīngdǎo zài Shāndōng. 青島在山東。 Qīngdǎo is in Shāndōng.

7.	Qǐngwèn, Shànghǎi zài nǎr? 請問上海在哪兒？ May I ask, where is Shànghǎi.	Jiāngsū 江蘇	Shànghǎi zài Jiāngsū. 上海在江蘇。 Shànghǎi is in Jiāngsū.

10.3.8 Transformation Drill

Table 10.3.8.1 Transform the statement according to the model.

	Statement	Answer

1.	Lín tóngzhì shi Húběi rén. 林同志是河北。 Comrade Lín is from Húběi.	Lín tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Húběi. 林同志的老家在河北。 Comrade Lín’s family is from Húběi.

2.	Wáng tóngzhì shi Shānxī rén. 王同志哦是山西。 Comrade Wáng is from Shānxī.	Wáng tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Shānxī. 王同志的老家在山西。 Comrade Wáng’s family is from Shānxī.

3.	Huáng tóngzhì shi Shānxī rén. 黃同志哦是山西。 Comrade Huáng is from Shānxī.	Huáng tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Shānxī. 黃同志的老家在山西。 Comrade Huáng’s family is from Shānxī.

4.	Gāo tóngzhì shi Fújiàn rén. 高同志哦是福建。 Comrade Gāo is from Fújiàn.	Gāo tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Fújiàn. 高同志的老家在福建。 Comrade Gāo’s family is from Fújiàn.

5.	Lǐ tóngzhǐ shi Sǐchuān rén. 李同志是四川。 Comrade Lǐ is from Sǐchuān.	Lǐ tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Sìchuān. 李同志的老家在四川。 Comrade Lǐ’s family is from Sǐchuān.

6.	Zhōu tóngzhì shi Zhèjiāng rén. 周同志是浙江。 Comrade Zhōu is from Zhèjiāng.	Zhōu tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Zhèjiāng. 周同志的老家在浙江。 Comrade Zhōu’s family is from Zhèjiāng.

7.	Máo tóngzhì shi Húnán rén. 毛同志是湖南。 Comrade Máo is from Húnán.	Máo tóngzhìde lǎojiā zài Húnán. 毛同志的老家在湖南。 Comrade Máo’s family is from Húnán.

10.3.9 Response Drill

Table 10.3.9.1 Respond according to the cue.

	Statement	Cue	Answer

1.	Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她愛人在哪兒？ Where is his/her spouse?	Měiguó 美國	Tā àiren xiànzài zài Měiguó. 他/她愛人現在在美國。 His/Her spouse is in America now.

2.	Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她愛人在哪兒？ Where is his/her spouse?	Jiānádà 加拿大	Tā àiren xiànzài zài Jiānádà. 他/她愛人現在在加拿大。 His/Her spouse is in Canada now.

3.	Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她愛人在哪兒？ Where is his/her spouse?	Yīngguó 英國	Tā àiren xiànzài zài Yīngguó. 他/她愛人現在在英國。 His/Her spouse is in England now.

4.	Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她愛人在哪兒？ Where is his/her spouse?	Déguó 德國	Tā àiren xiànzài zài Déguó. 他/她愛人現在在德國。 His/Her spouse is in Germany now.

5.	Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她愛人在哪兒？ Where is his/her spouse?	Měiguó 美國	Tā àiren xiànzài zài Měiguó. 他/她愛人現在在美國。 His/Her spouse is in America now.

6.	Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她愛人在哪兒？ Where is his/her spouse?	Fàguó 法國	Tā àiren xiànzài zài Fàguó. 他/她愛人現在在法國。 His/Her spouse is in France now.

7.	Tā àiren zài nǎr? 他/她愛人在哪兒？ Where is his/her spouse?	Èguó 俄國	Tā àiren xiànzài zài Èguó. 他/她愛人現在在俄國。 His/Her spouse is in Russia now.

11 Criterion Test

The purpose of the Criterion Test at the end of each module is to show you not only how much of the material you have learned, but also what points you need to work on before beginning to study another module.

Since the primary goal of ORN is to introduce the sound system of Standard Chinese, this test focuses on your ability to discriminate and produce tones, vowels, and consonants. Additionally, there are sections which test your ability to comprehend and produce numbers from 1 through 99 and the material in the ORN Target Lists.

Your knowledge of personal names and titles and the romanization system is also tested. Read the Objectives at the beginning of the module for a description of exactly what the test covers.

Note: Although the entire sound system is introduced in the Pronunciation and Romanization Module, you will be tested here only on those sounds which occur in the Target Sentences. Other sounds will be included in Criterion Tests for later modules.

Following is a sample of the Criterion Test for this module. Each section of the test, with directions and a sample question, is represented here so that you may know exactly what is expected of you after studying the ORN Module.

Minimum scores are suggested for each section of the test. Achieving these scores means that you are adequately prepared for the next module. If you fall below the minimum criterion on any section, you should review relevant study materials.

You will use a tape to complete Part I of the test. Part II is written, and you will complete Part III with your instructor. Part IV of the test (Diagnostics) indicates the passing score for each section and review materials for each section.

11.1 Part I

This section tests your ability to distinguish the four tones. In your test booklet you will see two syllables after each letter. The speaker will pronounce both syllables, and then say one of them again. You are to decide which syllable was repeated, and circle the appropriate one to indicate your choice. The syllables may occur in any of the four tones, regardless of which tone was used previously in the module. The same syllable may occur more than once in this section.

For example, the speaker might say: fēi … fěi and then repeat fēi
1. fēi fěi
This section tests your ability to recognize the four tones in isolated syllables. The speaker will pronounce a syllable twice; you add to the written syllable the tone that you hear. Again, the syllables may occur in any of the four tones, regardless of which tone was used previously in the module.

For example, the speaker might say: fěi...fěi
1. fei → fěi
This section tests your ability to recognize the four tones in two-syllables combinations. The speaker pronounces each two-syllable item twice and then pauses a moment for you to mark tones on the written syllables. For the first ten items, one of the two tones is already marked. For the last ten items, you must fill in both tones.

For example: the speaker might say: cháběi...cháběi
1. chabei → cháběi
In this section, you are tested on syllables which differ minimally in sound. The speaker will pronounce each syllable in an item once; then he will pronounce one of the syllables again. Decide which of the syllables was repeated, and indicate your choice by circling that written syllable in your test booklet. The syllables in this test do not necessarily correspond in every way to syllables in the Target Lists They may vary in tone, for example.

For example, the speaker might say: fàn...fàng and then repeat fàng.
1. fàn fàng
In this section, you complete the romanization for the syllables that you hear. As the speaker says a syllable, write the appropriate vowel or consonant letter(s) in the blank. This tests your ability to recognize the sounds of a syllable and to use the romanization system correctly. The speaker will say each syllable twice.

For example, the speaker might say: pàng...pàng then you would write:
1. pàng
This section tests your ability to understand the numbers 1 through 99 in Chinese. For each item, the speaker will say a number, and you write down the numerals for that number.

For example, you might hear: shí-sān
1. 13

This section tests your ability to understand questions and answers about where someone is from and where he is now. Listen to a conversation between Mr. Johnson and Comrade Zhào, who have just met. You will hear the conversation three times. The third time you hear it, a pause will follow each line. You may use these pauses to fill in the boxes in your booklet with appropriate information. (You do not have to wait for the second repetition of the conversation to fill in the answers, of course.)

For example: [You will hear a conversation similar to conversations you heard on the C-2 tapes in this module.]

	Home State or Province	Present Location
Comrade Zhào
Mr. Johnson (Yuēhànsūn)
Comrade Zhào’s husband
Mrs. Johnson

This section tests your ability to comprehend Chinese utterances by asking you for the English equivalents. For each item, the speaker will say a sentence from the Target List twice. You indicate your understanding of the sentence by circling the letter of the English sentence which most closely matches the meaning of the Chinese sentence.

For example, you might hear: nǐ shi shéi?...nǐ shi shéi?
1. Who is she?
2. Who is he?
3. Who are you?

11.2 Part II

This section tests your general understanding of the Chinese system of personal names and titles. Read the family histories in your test booklet, and answer the questions.

For example,

Yáng Tíngfēng is the Chinese name used lay an American, Timothy Young, now that he is living in Taipei. His Chinese surname is:
1. Yáng
2. Tíngféng
3. Yáng Tíngféng

11.3 Part III

This section tests your ability to pronounce the four tones. Simple sound combinations have been chosen so that special attention may be given to tone production. For each item, choose one syllable and read it aloud. As you do so, put a circle around the one you choose. The instructor will note the syllable he hears. Be sure to choose a fair sampling of all four tones, and select them in random order.

For example, you might say: má
1. mā má mǎ mà
This section tests your ability to pronounce Chinese sounds from the Target Lists, as well as your ability to read romanization. For each item, choose one syllable and read it aloud. As you do so, put a circle around the one you choose. The instructor will note the syllable he hears. Be sure to choose syllables from each column as you go through this section of the test.

For example, you might say: nín
1. nín...níng
This section tests your ability to locate and name main cities and provinces in China. Using the map in your booklet, point out to your instructor five cities and five provinces and name them. Pronunciation is of secondary importance here.
This section tests your ability to produce sentences in Chinese. Your instructor will say an English sentence from the Target Lists, and you translate it into Chinese. Your Chinese sentence must “be correct,” both in grammar and in content.
This section tests your ability to make conversational use of the material covered in this module. Although limited in scope, this conversation between you and your instructor represents a situation which you are likely to encounter in the real world. As in any conversation, you are free to ask for a repetition or rephrasing of a sentence, or you may volunteer information on the subject. It is not so much the correctness of your pronunciation and grammar that is being tested as it is your ability to communicate effectively.

12 Appendices

12.1 Appendix 1: Map of China

12.2 Appendix 2: Map of Taiwan

12.3 Appendix 3: Countries and Regions

12.4 Appendix 4: American States

Alabama	阿拉巴馬	Ālābāmǎ
Alaska	阿拉斯加	Ālāsǐjiā
Arizona	亞利桑那	Yàlìsāngnà
Arkansas	阿肯色	Ākěnsè, Akānsàsī
California	加州, 加利福尼亞	Jiāzhōu, Jiālìfóníyà
Colorado	科羅拉多	Kēluólāduō
Connecticut	康涅狄格, 康乃狄克	Kāngnièdígé, Kāngnǎidígé
Delaware	特拉華	Tèlāhuá, Délāwēi (ěr)
Florida	弗羅裏達	Fóluólǐdá
Georgia	喬治亞, 佐治亞	Qiáozhìyà, Zuǒzhìyà
Hawaii	夏威夷	Xiàwēiyí
Idaho	愛達荷	Àidáhé
Illinois	伊利諾	Yīlìnuò (sī)
Indiana	印第安納	Yìndiànnà
Iowa	愛奧華	Yīāhuá, Àiāhuá
Kansas	堪薩斯	Kānsàsī
Kentucky	肯塔基	Kěntǎjī
Louisiana	路易斯安那	Lùyìsīānnà
Maine	緬因	Miǎnyīn
Maryland	馬里蘭	Mǎlǐlán
Massachusetts	馬薩諸塞	Mǎsāzhūsài, Mǎshěng
Michigan	密歇根,	Mìxīgēn, Mìzhíān
Minnesota	明尼蘇達	Míngnísūdá
Mississippi	密西西比	Mìxīxībǐ
Missouri	密蘇里	Mìsūlǐ
Montana	蒙大納	Méngdànà
Nebraska	內布拉斯加	Nèibùlāsījiā
Nevada	內華達	Nèihuádá
New Hampshire	新罕布什爾	Xīn Hānbùshíěr, Xīn Hǎnbùxià
New Jersey	新澤西	Xīn Zéxī
New Mexico	新墨西哥	Xīn Mòxīgē
New York	紐約	Niǔyuē
North Carolina	北卡羅來納	Běi Kǎluóláinà, Běi Kǎluólínnà
North Dakota	北達科他	Běi Dákētā, Běi Dákēdá
Ohio	俄亥俄	Éhàié
Oklahoma	俄克拉荷馬	Ékèlāhémǎ, Ākèlāhémǎ
Oregon	俄勒岡	Élègāng
Pennsylvania	賓州, 賓夕法尼亞, 賓西法尼亞	Bīnxhōu, Bīnxīfǎníyà, Bīnxīfánníyà
Rhode Island	羅得島	Luódé Dǎo, Luódéàilán
South Carolina	南卡羅來納	Nán Kǎluóláinà, Nán Kǎluólínnà
South Dakota	南達科他	Nán Dákētā
Tennessee	田納西	Tiánnàxī
Texas	得克薩斯	Dézhōu, Dékèsàsī
Utah	猶他	Yóutā, Yōuta
Vermont	佛蒙特	Wēiméngtè, Fóméngtè
Virginia	維吉尼亞, 弗吉尼亞	Wēijíníyà, Fójíníyà
Washington	華盛頓	Huáshèngdùn
West Virginia	西弗吉尼亞	Xī Fójíníyà
Wisconsin	威斯康星	Wēisīkāngxīn(g)
Wyoming	懷俄明	Huáiémíng

12.5 Appendix 5: Canadian Provinces

Alberta	阿爾伯塔, 艾伯塔	(Yǎbódá) Ā'ěrbótǎ, Àibótǎ
British Columbia	英屬哥倫比亞	Yīngshǔ Gēlúnbǐyà
Manitoba	馬尼托巴	Mànnítuōbā
New Brunswick	新不倫瑞克	Xīn Bùlúnzīwéikè
Newfoundland	紐芬蘭與拉布拉多	Niǔfēnlándǎo
Northwest Territories	西北領地	Xīběilíngdì
Nova Scotia	新斯科舍	Xīn Sīkèshè
Ontario	安大略省	Āndàlüè
Prince Eduard Island	愛德華島	Àidéhuádǎo
Quebec	魁北克	Kuíběkè
Saskatchewan	薩克其萬, 萨斯喀彻温	Sàkèqíwàn, Sàsīkāchèwēn
Yukon	育空	Yùkōng

12.6 Appendix 6: Common Chinese Names

🛈︎

Note

Wikipedia has a nice page about Chinese names, more complete than this short list. Take a look here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_Chinese_surnames#Mainland_China,_Hong_Kong,_Macau,_and_Taiwan

Table 12.6.1 Surnames

Huáng	黃	Zhōu	周	Liú	劉
Wáng	王	Jiāng	江	Chén	陳
Zhāng	張	Jiǎng	蔣	Yáng	楊
Lǐ	李	Gaō	高	Sīmǎ	司馬
Zhào	趙	Lín	林	Oūyáng	歐陽
Máo	毛	Sūn	孫	Hú	胡
Táng	唐	Sòng	宋	Wú	吳
Mǎ	馬	Fāng	方	Liáng	梁
Qián	錢	Zēng	曾	Hé	何

Table 12.6.2 Given names (male)

Dálǐ	達禮	Yǒngpíng	永平	Shàowén	紹文
Mínglǐ	明理	Zìqiáng	自強	Shìyīng	世英
Dànián	大年	Jié	傑	Tíngfēng	廷峯
Shìmín	世民	Zhīyuǎn	知遠	Chéng	誠
Huá	華	Guóquán	國權	Zhènhàn	振漢
Déxián	德賢

Table 12.6.3 Given names (female)

Juān	娟	Huìwén	蕙文	Mínzhēn	敏貞
Lìróng	麗容	Défēn	德芬	Huìrán	蕙然
Wǎnrú	婉如	Lù	露	Bīngyíng	冰瑩
Xiùfèng	秀風	Yùzhēn	玉珍	Zǐyàn	紫燕
Qiǎoyún	巧雲	Měilì	美麗

12.7 Appendix 7: Chinese Provinces

Pinyin spelling	Chinese spelling	Map spelling
Ānhui	安徽	Anhwei
Fújiàn	福建	Fukien
Gānsù	甘肅	Kansu
Guǎngdōng	廣東	Kvangtung
Guànzhōu	官洲島	Kvangsi
Guǐzhōu	貴州	Kveìchou
Hébuǐ/Héběi	河北	Hopeh
Hēilóngjiāng	黑龍江	Heilungkiang
Hénán	河南	Honan
Húběi	湖北	Hupeh
Húnán	湖南	Hunan
Jiāngsū	江蘇	Kiangsu
Jiāngxī	江西	Kiangsi
Jílín	吉林	Kirin
Liáoníng	遼寧	Liaoning
Nèiměnggǔ	內蒙古	Inner Mongolia
Níngxià	寧夏	Ninghai
Qīnghǎi	青海	Tsinghai
Shāndōng	山東	Shantung
Shānxī	山西	Shansi
Shǎnxī	陝西	Shensi
Sìchuān	四川	Szechuan
Táiwān	臺灣	Taiwan
Xīnjiāng	新疆	Xinjiang
Xīzàng	西藏	Tibet
Yúnnán	雲南	Yunnan
Zhèjiāng	浙江	Chekiang

12.8 Appendix 8: Chinese Cities

Pinyin spelling	Chinese spelling	Map spelling
Běijīng	北京	Peking
Chángshā	長沙	Chʽang-sha
Chéngdū	成都	Chʽeng-tu
Dàtóng	大同	Ta-tʽung
Gāoxióng	高雄	Kao-hsiung
Guǎngzhōu	廣州	Canton
Hángzhōu	杭州	Hang-chou
Hánkǒu	漢口	Han-kʽou
Hǎinán	海南	Huai-nan
Jīlóng	基隆	Chi-lung
Kāifēng	開封	Kʽai-feng
Nánchāng	南昌	Nan-chʽang
Nánjīng	南京	Nanking
Qīngdǎo	青島	Tsingtao
Shànghǎi	上海	Shanghai
Táiběi	臺北	Taipei
Táidōng	臺東	Tʽai-tung
Táinán	臺南	Tʽai-nan
Táizhōng	臺中	Tʽai-chung
Tiānjīn	天津	Tientsin
Wúchāng	武昌	Wu-chʽang
Wǔhàn	武漢	Wu-han
Xīān	西安	Sian