10 Unit 1
10.1 References
10.1.1 Reference List
1. | A: | |
到西門町去,坐幾路車? | ||
What bus do you take to get to | ?||
B: | ||
坐十八路。 | ||
Take Number 18. | ||
2. | A: | |
十八路車多不多? | ||
Are there many Number 18 buses? | ||
B: | ||
不很多。 | ||
Not very many. | ||
3. | A: | |
每隔多少時候有一班車。 | ||
How much time is there between buses? | ||
B: | ||
每隔二十分鐘有一班。 | ||
There’s one every twenty minutes. | ||
4. | C: | |
我每個星期六都去看電影。 | ||
I go to see a movie every Saturday. | ||
5. | A: | |
最後一班車是幾點鐘? | ||
What time is the last bus? | ||
B: | ||
十一點十分。 | ||
Eleven-ten. | ||
十一點十分。 | ||
6. | D: | |
這班車是不是去西門町? | ||
Does this bus go to | ?||
E: | ||
是。上車吧! | ||
Yes, Get on! | ||
7. | A: | |
到西門町的時候,請告誦我。 | ||
When we get to | , please tell me.||
F: | ||
好。 | ||
Okay. | ||
8. | A: | |
還有幾站到西門町? | ||
How many more stops are there to (before) | ?||
F: | ||
下一站就是西門町。 | ||
The next stop is | .||
DDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-1 and P-1 tapes) |
||
9. | ||
上 | ||
last, previous (something) | ||
10. | ||
頭 | ||
first (something) | ||
11. | ||
告訴 | ||
to tell, to inform (alternate pronunciation for | )||
12. | ||
少 | ||
to be few | ||
13. | ||
下車 | ||
to get off the bus; "Out, please!" | ||
14. | ||
有(的)時候 | ||
sometimes | ||
15. | ||
城 | ||
city |
10.1.2 Vocabulary
班 | (counter for regularly scheduled trips of buses, planes, subways, trains, etc.) | |
車 | vehicle, bus, car | |
城 | city | |
多 | to be many | |
分 | a minute | |
告誦 | to tell, to inform | |
告訴 | to tell, to inform | |
隔 | to separate, to divide off | |
幾路車 | what number bus | |
每 | every, each | |
上 | to get on | |
上 | last, previous (something) | |
少 | to be few | |
頭 | first (something) | |
下 | to get off | |
下 | next (something) | |
下車 | to get off the bus; “Out, please!” | |
西門町 | (an area of Taipei) | |
有(的)時候 | sometimes | |
站 | a stop, a station | |
最後 | last, final (something) | |
(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes) | ||
北海公園 | (a famous park in | )|
別的時候 | other times | |
東京 | Tokyo | |
放假 | to close for a holiday | |
好玩 | to “be fun (lit. , “good for relaxing”) | |
會 | will | |
司機 | driver of a hired vehicle | |
走吧 | let’s go |
10.1.3 Reference Notes
10.1.3.1 Notes on №1-2
1. | A: | |
到西門町去,坐幾路車? | ||
What bus do you take to get to | ?||
B: | ||
坐十八路。 | ||
Take Number 18. | ||
2. | A: | |
十八路車多不多? | ||
Are there many Number 18 buses? | ||
B: | ||
不很多。 | ||
Not very many. |
literally means “West Gate ding”— being a Japanese term for “district.” is the area of Taipei which surrounds the former west gate of the city. Today the district includes many shops, department stores, and movie theaters.
is the word for “route.” The question ? asks for the route number of the bus.
, “to ride/to go by/to take [a conveyance]”:
appeared earlier in , “Take the elevator to the second floor.
你怎麽去? |
How are you going? (i.e., by what means of transportation) |
我坐火車去。 |
I am going by train. |
”
, “to be many/much,” is an adjectival verb. There are several points to remember about :Note
Adjectival verbs are one type of STATE verb. See BIO, Unit 6.
Adjectival verbs are sometimes used before a noun to modify it (e.g.,
, “new table”; , “big house”). However, when is used in this way, it must be modified, for example, by or .他買了很多東西。
He bought a lot of things.
比較街上有很多厠所。
There are many toilets on the streets of
.Much more often, however,
is used as the main verb of a sentence.你的書很多。
You really have a lot of books!
今天的街上的人很多。
There are a lot of people out today, (literally, “on the streets today”) [16]
Often it does not occur to students to use
as the main verb of a sentence because in English they do not usually say “The students are many.” They would say “There are many students,” with “many” as an adjective preceding “students.” Compare:這兒的人很多。
There are a lot of people here.
來的人很多。
A lot of people came.
NOTE:
, “to be few,” is used in almost the same ways as . (See Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary.)
10.1.3.2 Notes on №3
3. | A: | |
每隔多少時候有一班車。 | ||
How much time is there between buses? | ||
B: | ||
每隔二十分鐘有一班。 | ||
There’s one every twenty minutes. |
- is the word for “each,” “every.”
is a verb meaning “to separate,” “to divide.” It is used for intervals of time between regularly occurring events (e.g., “every half hour”). In exchange 3, gé refers to the length of time between buses.
|
每 隔 多少 時候 |
(every divide-off [interval] how much time) “(every) how often” |
The first sentence could also be translated as “How often is there a bus?” or “How often do the buses run?”
The counter -
is used for scheduled trips, or runs, of a vehicle. is one bus run.The counter -
, for minutes, is usually followed by , “clock.” ( means “o’clock” in telling time.) “One minute” is .每 | 隔 | 二十分鐘 | 有 | 一班 | 車。 |
each | interval | twenty minutes | there is | one [run] | bus |
10.1.3.3 Notes on №4
4. | C: | |
我每個星期六都去看電影。 | ||
I go to see a movie every Saturday. |
: When used with a noun, - acts as a specifier and must be followed by a counter or a noun that does not require a counter.
每(個)人 |
every person |
|
|
每個桌子 |
every table |
|
每天 |
every day |
, “all”: Here the adverb implies “each and every,” or “without exception”—“every Saturday, without exception.” When the subject of a sentence is specified by -, the following verb is usually modified by the adverb .
10.1.3.4 Notes on №5
5. | A: | |
最後一班車是幾點鐘? | ||
What time is the last bus? | ||
B: | ||
十一點十分。 | ||
Eleven-ten. | ||
十一點十分。 |
: is the word for “most,” or “-est.” means “latest,” or “last.” Note the order in which the elements of this phrase appear:
最後 | 一 | 班 | 車 |
last | one | run | bus |
“the last bus”
Both the number and the counter are required in this phrase.
Compare:
“the first bus” | ||||
頭 | 一 | 班 | 車 | |
“the next bus” | ||||
下 | 一 | 班 | 車 | |
“the last (previous) bus” | ||||
上 | 一 | 班 | 車 |
(See Note on No. 8 and Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary for
-, “next”; -, “last,” “previous”; and -, “first.”)10.1.3.5 Notes on №6
6. | D: | |
這班車是不是去西門町? | ||
Does this bus go to | ?||
E: | ||
是。上車吧! | ||
Yes, Get on! |
, “does it go to”:* The use of rather than in this sentence implies that the speaker has an idea that the bus does go to and wants to make sure. ( ? would also be correct.)
*For a discussion of the use of
before another verb to form a question, see MON, Unit 5, notes on No. 8.“go to ”: The destination directly follows the main verb . You now know two ways to indicate destination:
|
|
我到西門町去。 |
|
|
|
我去西門町。 |
The two forms are equally widely used.
: This verb has several meanings. In the Directions Module, the meaning was “to go up” in . In this exchange, the meaning of is “to get on/in [a vehicle].”
10.1.3.6 Notes on №7
7. | A: | |
到西門町的時候,請告誦我。 | ||
When we get to | , please tell me.||
F: | ||
好。 | ||
Okay. |
means “when we arrive in .” If you want to say, in Chinese, “when [something happens],” add - to the phrase which names the happening.
In English, “when” can mean either “during the same time” (e.g., “when I was a student”) or “immediately after” (e.g., “when the light turns green”). In Chinese, however, two different expressions are used for the two meanings: -
for “at the same time” and for “immediately after.”
|
我在香港的時候很喜歡去看電影。 |
When [i.e., while] I was in Hong Kong, I liked to go to the movies very much. |
|
我到了臺北以後,買了很多中文書。 |
When [i.e., after] I got to Taipei, I bought a lot of Chinese books. |
10.1.3.7 Notes on №8
8. | A: | |
還有幾站到西門町? | ||
How many more stops are there to (before) | ?||
F: | ||
下一站就是西門町。 | ||
The next stop is | .
: Here means “the next.” It is a specifier. is usually followed by a numeral or a counter, as in the following examples:
|
next month |
下個月 | |
|
the next bus |
下一班車 |
The phrase
contains no counter because - , like - and - , is not used with a counter.10.1.3.8 Notes on Additional Vocabulary
9. | |
上 | |
last, previous (something) | |
10. | |
頭 | |
first (something) | |
11. | |
告訴 | |
to tell, to inform (alternate pronunciation for | )|
12. | |
少 | |
to be few | |
13. | |
下車 | |
to get off the bus; "Out, please!" | |
14. | |
有(的)時候 | |
sometimes | |
15. | |
城 | |
city |
The specifier
-, “last,” “previous,” is used in the same patterns as -.
|
last month |
上個月 |
|
|
the previous bus |
上一班車 |
-, “first,” literally “head”: Let’s contrast - and -: - has no meaning of its own. Its function is to make a cardinal number into an ordinal number: for example, , “three,” becomes , “third,” as in , “the third door.” - has a meaning of its own: “first,” as in , “the first three doors.”
- is always followed by at least a number plus a counter (or a noun that does not require a counter).
|
the first two people |
頭兩個人 | |
|
the first three volumes |
頭三本 | |
|
the first four days |
頭四天 |
Notice that
, “the first two,” and , “the second one,” must use different words for “two,” because
(COUNTING) |
|
頭兩個 | |
|
(NOT COUNTING) |
第二個 |
, “the first one,” and , “the first one,” are similar in meaning and often interchangeable.
, “to tell”: is the usual colloquial pronunciation in speech. is the usual colloquial pronunciation in many other places in China, including Taiwan. The fact that, in a Taipei setting, the first speaker in exchange 7 uses tells you that he is almost certainly not a native of Taiwan.
, “to be few”: Most of the comments about in these Reference Notes (exchange 2) also apply to the adjectival verb . Most frequently is used as the main verb of a sentence.
|
我的錢不少。 |
I have quite a bit of money. |
|
在臺灣沒有工作的人很少。 |
There are few people in Taiwan who do not have Jobs. |
One point deserves special attention: Although you may say
for “a lot of books,” you may not say . can rarely modify a noun which follows—and neither can , , and related expressions., “to get off [a vehicle],” may be used to signal that you wish to get off—that this is your stop. The expression would be translated as “Out, please,” or “Getting off, getting off,” used by passengers in crowded buses and elevators.
, “sometimes,” precedes the verb of a sentence, as other time expressions do.
|
He sometimes reads English newspapers. |
他有的時候看英文報 | |
|
Sometimes I take the Number 18 bus. |
我有時候坐十八路車。 |
Originally,
meant “city wall.” This early meaning still affects modern usage: you must say “going INto the city,” not just “to the city.”
He is going to the city today. |
|
他今天到城裏頭去。 |
10.1.3.9 Vocabulary booster
Modes of Transportation
bicycle | 自行車 | |
脚踏車 | ||
boat | 船 | |
motorboat | 汽艇 | |
rowboat | 划艇 | |
sailboat | 帆船 | |
sampan | 舢舨 | |
bus | 公共汽車 | |
coach (long-distance) | 長途汽車 | |
car (automobile) | 汽車 | |
車子 | ||
車 | ||
helicopter | 直升飛機 | |
horseback riding | 騎馬 | |
jeep | 吉普車 | |
motorcycle | 摩托車 | |
plane | 飛機 | |
jet | [PRC] | 噴氣式飛機 |
噴射式飛機 | ||
噴射機 | ||
subway | 地下鐵 | |
地鐵 | ||
地下火車 | ||
taxi | 出租汽車 | |
[PRC] | 出租車 | |
計程車 | ||
train | 火車 | |
trolley | 電車 | |
truck | 卡車 | |
walking | 走路 |