14 Unit 5
14.1 References
14.1.1 Reference List
1. | A: | |
我也想到南京去看看。 | ||
I would also like to go to | to look around.||
B: | ||
你計劃那天去? | ||
What day do you plan to go? | ||
A: | ||
明天或是後天去都可以。 | ||
Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible. | ||
2. | A: | |
上海離南京有多元。 | ||
How far is | from ?||
B: | ||
有兩百五十多公里。 | ||
It’s over 250 kilometers. | ||
3. | A: | |
坐火車要走多少時候。 | ||
How long does it take to go by train? | ||
B: | ||
大概要走四個半小時。 | ||
It probably takes four and a half hours. | ||
4. | C: | |
要走半個小時。 | ||
It takes half an hour. | ||
5. | B: | |
你計劃在南京住幾天? | ||
How many days do you plan to stay in | ?||
A: | ||
這是我第一次到南京去。以前沒去過。你説兩天夠不夠? | ||
This will be the first time I have gone to | . I haven’t gone there before. Would you say two days are enough?||
B: | ||
兩天夠了。 | ||
Two days are enough. | ||
6. | A: | |
每天有幾趟車? | ||
How many trips are there each day? | ||
A: | ||
下午有沒有車? | ||
Are there trains in the afternoon? | ||
A: | ||
我希望下午離開這兒。 | ||
I hope to leave here in the afternoon. | ||
7. | *B: | |
十三點零五分有一班特快。 | ||
There’s an express at 1305. | ||
8. | **B: | |
十三點零五分有一趟特快。 | ||
There’s an express at 1305. | ||
9. | ||
打算 | ||
to plan to | ||
10. | ||
或者 | ||
or (alternate form of | )||
11. | ||
以後 | ||
afterwards, later on, in the future | ||
12. | ||
鐘頭 | ||
hour (alternate word for | )
14.1.2 Vocabulary
半 | half (followed by a counter or a noun which does not take a counter) | |
次 | occasion, time | |
大概 | probably, approximately | |
打算 | to plan to | |
第一次 | the first time | |
多 | over, more than | |
公里 | kilometer | |
夠 | to be enough | |
或是 | or | |
或者 | or | |
計劃 | to plan to | |
看看 | to see, to look around, to sight-see, to visit | |
離開 | to leave | |
趟 | (counter for bus trips, train trips, etc.) | |
特快 | express train | |
小時 | hour | |
希望 | to hope | |
要 | must, to have to; to take (a certain amount of time) | |
以後 | afterwards, later on; in the future | |
以前 | before, in the past | |
鐘頭 | hour | |
別的地方 | other places (cf. | , “other people”)|
參觀 | to visit as an observer | |
多少號 | what size (shoe) | |
工廠 | factory | |
決定 | to decide | |
一雙皮鞋 | a pair of leather shoes | |
又好又便宜 | both good and inexpensive |
14.1.3 Reference Notes
14.1.3.1 Notes on №1
1. | A: | |
我也想到南京去看看。 | ||
I would also like to go to | to look around.||
B: | ||
你計劃那天去? | ||
What day do you plan to go? | ||
A: | ||
明天或是後天去都可以。 | ||
Tomorrow and (or) the day after are both possible. |
, “to have a look”: In exchange 1, refers to doing some sight-seeing. The reduplicated verb form implies an indefinite amount of sight-seeing, best translated into English as “to have a look,” “to look around.”
(alternate, ) is used for “or” when both alternatives are acceptable or possible.
|
我去買一點兒啤酒或是後天來看你嗎? |
I will go to buy some beer or some soft drinks. |
|
他明天或是後天來看你嗎? |
Is he coming to see you tomorrow or the day after? (i.e., sometime during the next two days) |
is used for “or” when a choice is required between the alternatives.
|
你買啤酒還是買汽水? |
Are you buying beer or (are you buying) soft drinks? |
|
你喜歡大的還是喜歡小的? |
Do you like the large one or (do you like) the small one? |
Do you like the large one or (do you like) the small one?
14.1.3.2 Notes on №2
2. | A: | |
上海離南京有多元。 | ||
How far is | from ?||
B: | ||
有兩百五十多公里。 | ||
It’s over 250 kilometers. |
is used in expressing the distance between two points.
上海 | 離 | 南京 | 有 | 多 | 遠? |
be separated from | here is | how much | distance? |
“How far is
from ?”120 | |||||
天津 | 離 | 北京 | 有 | 120 | 公里。 |
be separated from | there is | 120 | kilometers. |
“Tianjin is 120 kilometers from Běijīng.”
1 - refers to an indefinite amount within the range of the round number.
: Approximate numbers may be expressed by adding - to number phrases. When added immediately after a number, before the counter,
|
兩百多公里 |
more than 200 kilometers (but fewer than 300) |
|
一千多個學生 |
more than 1,000 students (but fewer than 2,000) |
|
三十多塊錢 |
more than 30 dollars (but fewer than 40) |
Beginning with 20, -
may be used in this way with any round number.With round numbers from 20 through 90, -
may be used instead of - .
|
more than 20 persons (but fewer than 30) |
二十多個人 |
|
|
|
二十幾個人 |
|
more than 40 kilometers (but fewer than 50) |
四十多公里 |
|
|
|
四十幾公里 |
With the number 10, -
only is used, never - .
|
十幾塊 |
more than 10 dollars (but fewer than 20) |
14.1.3.3 Notes on №3-4
3. | A: | |
坐火車要走多少時候。 | ||
How long does it take to go by train? | ||
B: | ||
大概要走四個半小時。 | ||
It probably takes four and a half hours. | ||
4. | C: | |
要走半個小時。 | ||
It takes half an hour. |
The auxiliary verb yào, “to want,” is sometimes used as “to need to,” “to have to.” (See the first sentence in exchange 3.)
Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duōshao shíhou?
坐 火車 要走多 少時候。
(ride train have to go how much time?)
“How long does it take to go by train?”
Yào may also be used as a main verb meaning “to take [a certain amount of time]”:
Zuò huǒchē yào duōshao shíhou?
坐 火車 要 少時候。
(ride train takes how much time?)
“How long does it take by train?”
Bàn-, “a half (of),” is used like a number—before a counter or before a noun which does not require a counter.
bànge xiǎoshí
半個小時
half an hour
bànniǎn
半年
half a year
bànge píngguǒ
半個蘋果
half an apple
Sìge bàn: When bàn FOLLOWS a counter or a noun not requiring a counter, the word is translated as “and a half.”
liǎngkuài bàn
兩塊半
two and a half dollars
sāntiān bàn
三天半
three and a half days
yíge bàn xiǎoshí
一個半小時
one and a half hours
Xiǎoshí: Formerly, the Chinese considered that one day and night (24 hours) was divided into twelve 2-hour periods of time. Each of these time periods was divided into two xiǎoshí, “small hours,” when telling time by the Western 24-hour system gained popularity throughout the world.
14.1.3.4 Notes on №5
5. | B: | |
你計劃在南京住幾天? | ||
How many days do you plan to stay in | ?||
A: | ||
這是我第一次到南京去。以前沒去過。你説兩天夠不夠? | ||
This will be the first time I have gone to | . I haven’t gone there before. Would you say two days are enough?||
B: | ||
兩天夠了。 | ||
Two days are enough. |
Gòu le: The last sentence in exchange 5 ends with the new-situation marker le. This marker is used to describe what a situation is, was, or will be AT A SPECIFIED TIME. The travel agent says that, when the visit has lasted two days, THEN it will be long enough.
14.1.3.5 Notes on №6
6. | A: | |
每天有幾趟車? | ||
How many trips are there each day? | ||
A: | ||
下午有沒有車? | ||
Are there trains in the afternoon? | ||
A: | ||
我希望下午離開這兒。 | ||
I hope to leave here in the afternoon. |
Jǐtàng: The counter -tàng is used when the trip mentioned is not a particular one, scheduled at a certain time. Similarly, it can also be used to talk about the number of trips a person has made, or will make.
Líkāi, “to leave,” may be followed by an object (the place). On the other hand, zǒu, “to leave,” is never followed by an object.
Nǐ shénme shíhou líkāi zhèr?
你什麽時候離開這兒?
When are you leaving here?
Nǐ shénme shíhou zǒu?
你什麽時候走?
When are you leaving?
14.1.3.6 Notes on №7-8
7. | *B: | |
十三點零五分有一班特快。 | ||
There’s an express at 1305. | ||
8. | **B: | |
十三點零五分有一趟特快。 | ||
There’s an express at 1305. |
Shísāndiǎn líng wǔfēn: For train and bus schedules, a 24-hour clock is commonly used in China, beginning with 1 a.m. and continuing to mid- night, or 2400.
12-hour clock 24-hour clock
zǎoshàng shídiǎn
早上十點
10 a.m.
shídiǎn
十點
1000
xiàwǔ yìdiān
下午一點
1 p.m.
shísāndiǎn
十三點
1300
xiàwǔ wǔdiǎn
下午五點
5 p.m.
shìqīdiǎn
十七點
1700
wǎnshàng shídiǎn
晚上十點
10 p.m.
èrshièrdiǎn
二十二點
2200
Líng is included to indicate the zero in “1305.”
Tèkuài is an abbreviation for tèbié kuàichē, “special express train.”
Yìbān and yítàng, counters for trips made by trains, buses, planes, and other conveyances, are sometimes interchangeable.