WEBVTT

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Standard Chinese Modular Approach

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Resource module on pronunciation and romanization

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Tape 5

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This tape will take up several abbreviations in pinyin spelling

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A new vowel and a new consonant

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Display 1 contains three cases of abbreviation

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Listen to the speaker read the surnames in the first row

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I'm one one

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Listen again and notice that they run

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I'm one one

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Each of these syllables clearly has the vowel sound uh

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But the last one is spelled without an e

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We've supplied the e in the version in brackets to reflect the pronunciation

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Notice, by the way, that the ton mark has wound up on the u

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The only surviving vowel letter

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Now listen to the names in the second row

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say

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way

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way

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Listen again, they run

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say

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way

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way

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way

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Here, you'd expect g-u-e-i

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Since the a sound is spelled e-i

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But in fact, there is no e

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Notice that the ton mark has shifted to the i

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The last vowel letter

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Now listen to the last row

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hole

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yo

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leo

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Listen again

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Except for the tone, they run

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hole

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yo

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leo

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Here, you'd expect l-i-o-u

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Since the sound o is spelled o-u

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But in fact, there's no o

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Notice that the ton mark has shifted to the u

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The last vowel letter

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We've been treating these spelling simply as abbreviations

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But in fact, they make some kind of phonetic sense

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It happens that vowels often have a slightly different quality

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in the first and second tones

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And in each of these cases, the abbreviated spelling

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is suggestive of the first and second tones

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pronunciations

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For example, listen to the pairs of names in the

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play too

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yo

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leo

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leo

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Perhaps you'll agree that you hear something

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approaching a simple u sound after the

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semi vowel in the first and second tones names

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so that the spelling without the o

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might be better for both of them

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Listen again and notice that the pairs don't quite rhyme

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yo

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leo

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leo

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leo

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Now listen to the speaker read down the columns

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This way, you may better hear the rhymes

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yo

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leo

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yo

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leo

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Again

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yo

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leo

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yo

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leo

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This way, three presents a slightly different kind of abbreviation

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Listen to the speaker read the names

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leo

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leo

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leo

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leo

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Listen again and notice that they rhyme

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All three end in o

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leo

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leo

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leo

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leo

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In this case, the semi vowel is not written after m

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There's no u

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The same goes after other consonants involving the lips

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b,p and f

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The theory seems to be that the lip involvement of m,b,p and f

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is sufficient to suggest the lip rounding of the semi vowel without writing u

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Now try reading the names in exercise 1

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and repeat after the speaker

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one

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one

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two

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one

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three

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four

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way

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four

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way

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five

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yo

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six

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leo

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seven

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more

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eight

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more

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nine

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lun

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ten

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niu

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eleven

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rei

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twelve

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bo

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thirteen

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tsui

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fourteen

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twenty

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fifteen

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q

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exercise two is a dictation exercise

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fill in the blanks repeating as you do so

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one

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one

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we

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two

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one

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hu

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three

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guay

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u,i

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four

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way

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we,i

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vi

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more

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wo

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six

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more

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wo

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seven

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leo

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iu

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eight

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yo

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wei

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yu

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nine

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guay

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u,i

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ten

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war

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wo

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eleven

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one

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hu

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twelve

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wei

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we,i

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thirteen

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more

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yu,o

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fourteen

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one

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we

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fifteen

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yo

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yu

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sixteen

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liu

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iu

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display four introduces a new vowel

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it's written as a letter u with two dots over it

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for lack of a better term let's use the german term umlaut

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for the accent mark and call the combination u umlaut

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listen to the speaker read the three names

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li

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lu

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lu

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lu

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again

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li

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lu

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u

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liu

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yi

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yu

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yi

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yu

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yi

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yu

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yi

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yu

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yi

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yu

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yi

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yi

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u,i

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u,i

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u,i

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u,i

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u,i

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u,i

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li

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lu

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lu

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again

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li

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lu

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li

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li

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yu umlaut

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tu

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li

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i

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ri

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lu

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yu

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for

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lu

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yu umlaut

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fif

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lu

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yu umlaut

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sixte

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li

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i

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seven

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li

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i

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eight

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lu

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u

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nine

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lu

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yu umlaut

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ten

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lu

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lu

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yu

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in exercise four try reading the names and repeat

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one

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li

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two

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lu

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three

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li

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four

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lu

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five

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lu

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six

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li

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seven

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lu

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eight

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lu

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nine

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li

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ten

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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u

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U

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U

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U

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U

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U

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U

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U

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U

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Yen, Yen

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Yen

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For many speakers, the last pair rhymes.

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The pronunciation would be better represented by the spelling in the parentheses,

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with an E added for the S sound.

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For many speakers, however, this pair doesn't rhyme.

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The pronunciation is well represented by the actual spelling Y,

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U-umn-lout, A-N.

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We put the umlaut axid mark over the u's in display 5, but actual pinion spelling doesn't.

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After a y, a u couldn't stand for anything but the u umlaut sound, and so pinion doesn't bother to add the two dots.

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The same goes after the palatal consonants written j, q, and x.

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Since these consonants pronounced with the tongue in the e position occur only before vowels pronounced with the tongue in the e position, namely e and e, or their semi-vol equivalents,

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you know that a u after a j, q, or x must mean u umlaut.

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Just to be helpful though, we'll write the umlaut for you every time in the early part of this course,

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but just to get an idea of how the system works, try reading the names in exercise 5.

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Pronouncing the letter u with the sound value y after y and the palatal consonants written j, q, and x,

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and then repeating after the speaker.

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1, shu, 2, su, 3, shu, 4, wu, 5, yu,

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6, zhu, 7, zhu, 8, ju,

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9, chu, 10, q, 11, mu,

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12, yu, 13, ju, 14,

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chu, 15, shu,

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15, shu,

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in exercise 6 we've gone back to our helpful spelling. Try reading the names and repeat after the speaker.

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2, shu, 3, shu, 4, quen, 5, shuang,

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6, chun, 7,

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jun, 8, yue,

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9, quen, 10, lü,

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11, lù,

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12, yu, 13,

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ju, 14,

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yuan, 15,

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chuan, 16,

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yun.

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yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,

19:58.140 --> 20:08.140
yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,

20:38.140 --> 20:48.140
yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,

20:58.140 --> 21:08.140
yuan, 16,

21:08.140 --> 21:28.140
yuan, 16,

21:28.140 --> 21:38.140
yuan, 16,

21:38.140 --> 21:48.140
yuan, 16,

21:48.140 --> 21:58.140
yuan, 16,

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yuan, 16,