WEBVTT

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Standard Chinese, a modular approach.

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Orientation Module Unit 3, Comprehension Tape 1.

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In this tape you learn to understand questions and answers

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about what country you're from

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and what part of the country.

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We should mention that in Chinese, more often than not,

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these questions are really asking where you were from originally

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or even where your family was from originally.

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The proper answer for a first generation Chinese American

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might well be that he's Chinese.

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A lifelong peaking resident of Cantonese parentage

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might well say that he's Cantonese.

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Later we'll learn to refer specifically to current nationality

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and residents, as well as to ethnic and regional origins.

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First, let's take up questions about nationality.

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Listen to the following exchange.

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Are you an American?

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你是美國人嗎?

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你是美國人嗎?

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I'm an American.

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我是美國人.

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我是美國人.

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Here's the word for America in the sense of the United States of America.

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美國

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May was suggested phonetically by the second syllable of America.

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May also has a complimentary meaning, beautiful.

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國 means country,

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so 美國 means the beautiful country.

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Notice that 國 takes the neutral tone in a country name.

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Listen to America.

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美國

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Here's the word for person.

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人

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The word for an American combines America,

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美國, and person,

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人 into America person.

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Listen.

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美國人

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Listen for 美國人

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an American.

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Are you an American?

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你是美國人嗎?

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你是美國人嗎?

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I'm an American.

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我是美國人.

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我是美國人.

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Here it is live.

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你是美國人嗎?

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我是美國人.

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Again.

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你是美國人嗎?

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我是美國人.

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Here's a similar exchange.

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Listen.

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Are you Chinese?

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你是中國人嗎?

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你是中國人嗎?

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I'm Chinese.

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我是中國人.

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我是中國人.

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Here's the word for China.

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中國

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中 means middle.

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中國 is often translated as the middle kingdom.

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Here's the word for a Chinese,

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literally China person.

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中國人

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Listen for 中國人, Chinese.

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Are you Chinese?

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你是中國人嗎?

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你是中國人嗎?

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I'm Chinese.

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我是中國人.

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我是中國人.

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Here it is live.

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你是中國人嗎?

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我是中國人.

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Again.

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你是中國人嗎?

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我是中國人.

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Let's see if you can follow this new live exchange.

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Listen carefully.

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你是中國人嗎?

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我不是中國人,是美國人.

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Again.

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你是中國人嗎?

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我不是中國人,是美國人.

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To check up on your understanding of this exchange,

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here it is with the pause after each sentence and then the English.

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Translate to yourself during the pause.

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你是中國人嗎?

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Are you Chinese?

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我不是中國人.

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I'm not Chinese.

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是美國人.

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I'm an American.

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Notice that we translate 是美國人,

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the same way we would translate 我是美國人,

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I'm an American.

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Even though the word war does not appear,

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you know from the context that the subject is I,

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and you can hardly leave it out in English.

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Here's a new exchange.

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Listen carefully.

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Mr. Wang, are you English?

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王先生,你是英國人嗎?

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王先生,你是英國人嗎?

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I'm not English.

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我不是英國人,我不是英國人.

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Here's the word for England.

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英國,英國,英國.

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And here's the word for Englishman.

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英國人,英國人,英國人.

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Listen for a英國人 in the following conversation.

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Mr. Wang, are you English?

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王先生,你是英國人嗎?

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王先生,你是英國人嗎?

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I'm not English.

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我不是英國人,我不是英國人.

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Here it is live.

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王先生,你是英國人嗎?

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我不是英國人.

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Again.

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王先生,你是英國人嗎?

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我不是英國人.

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It may have struck you that we've been asking what we call yes-no questions

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without actually answering them with yes or no.

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This is because there is no single word for yes or no in Chinese.

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There are several ways to convey a yes or no response.

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The closest Chinese equivalent to a yes or no

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is an answer stripped down to its essentials,

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often the verb alone for yes or the verb plus the negative for no.

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Listen to this conversation.

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Are you Chinese?

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你是中國人嗎?

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No.

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不是.不是.

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Are you an American?

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你是美國人嗎?

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Yes.

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是.

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是.

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Literally, the answers are not am and am.

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A compromised translation would be

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I am not and I am.

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Listen again live.

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你是中國人嗎?

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不是.

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你是美國人嗎?

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是.

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Again.

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你是中國人嗎?

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不是.

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你是美國人嗎?

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是.

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It's possible to strip a negative reply

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down to 不.

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Not.

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without the verb.

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But this is considered a bit too abrupt for polite usage.

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However, following 不.

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Not.

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with the full sentence changes this.

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Frequently,

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a short answer like 是 or 不 是

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is followed by the full answer.

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Listen.

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Is Miss Ma an American?

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馬小姐是美國人嗎?

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No.

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She's not an American.

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不是.

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她不是美國人.

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不是.

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她不是美國人.

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Is she Chinese?

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她是中國人嗎?

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她是中國人嗎?

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Yes.

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She's Chinese.

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是.

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她是中國人.

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是.

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她是中國人.

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Here it is.

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Again.

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Live.

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馬小姐是美國人嗎?

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不是.

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她不是美國人.

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她是中國人嗎?

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是.

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她是中國人.

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Again.

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馬小姐是美國人嗎?

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不是.

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她不是美國人.

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她是中國人嗎?

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是.

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她是中國人.

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Now,

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Professor Zhou is going over his class list for next semester with the dean.

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He has heard that some of his students will be foreign students.

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Listen to part of the conversation live.

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馬小姐是美國人嗎?

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不是.

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馬小姐不是美人,她是中國人.

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Oh,

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他是中國人,

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白小姐呢?

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她是英國人嗎?

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不是.

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她不是英國人,

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白小姐是美國人.

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Again.

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馬小姐是美國人嗎?

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不是.

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馬小姐不是美國人,

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她是中國人.

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Oh,

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她是中國人,

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白小姐呢?

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她是英國人嗎?

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不是.

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她不是英國人,

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白小姐是美國人.

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Here it is with the English following. Use the pauses to translate to yourself.

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马小姐是美国人吗?

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Is Miss Ma an American?

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不是,马小姐不是美国人。

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No, Miss Ma is not American.

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她是中国人。

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She is Chinese.

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哦,她是中国人。

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Oh, she is Chinese.

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白小姐呢?

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And Miss Bai?

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她是英国人吗?

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Is she English?

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不是,她不是英国人。

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No, she is not English.

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她是美国人。

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She is American.

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So far, we've only been asking yes-no questions about nationality.

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Now listen to a question asking which country someone is from.

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What's your nationality?

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你是美国人。

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I'm an American.

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我是美国人。

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The word for which is...

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美,美,美。

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The word for which,

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美, is a bound word.

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That is, it can't stand by itself.

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If you add another bound word,国, meaning country,

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you have a free word meaning which country. Listen.

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美国,美国,美国。

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Now add person,人, to which country,

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美国,美国。And you have which country person?

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美国人。

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Notice that,国, loses its tone.

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美国人,美国人,美国人。

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Listen for,美国人,

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which country person in the exchange.

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What's your nationality?

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你是美国人。

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I'm American.

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我是美国人。

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Notice that, the idiomatic translation.

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What's your nationality?

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Has to be rather far from the word for word translation.

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You are which country person?

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Here it is live.

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你是美国人。

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Again.

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你是美国人。

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Here's a new live exchange.

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你是美国人。

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我是中国人。

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Again.

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你是美国人。

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我是中国人。

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Here it is with the English following.

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你是美国人。

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What's your nationality?

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我是中国人。

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I'm Chinese.

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Here's another live dialogue.

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Listen carefully.

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马先生是美国人吗?

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不是,他不是美国人。

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他是哪国人?

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他是中国人。

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Try translating it.

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马先生是美国人吗?

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不是,他不是美国人。

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他是哪国人?

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他是中国人。

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Try translating it.

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马先生是美国人吗?

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Is Mr. Ma an American?

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不是,他不是美国人。

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No, he isn't an American.

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他是美国人。

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What's his nationality?

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他是中国人。

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He's Chinese.

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American,美国人,

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and which country person,

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美国人, are confusingly alike.

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Sometimes you may not catch whether it was an M for mother

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or an N for nephew.

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But notice that,

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are you an American?

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is a yes-no question,

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and so has the yes-no question

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marga ma at the end.

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While what's your nationality

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is not a yes-no question,

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and so doesn't have ma at the end.

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The interrogative element in

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what's your nationality

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is the word 哪,which,in 哪国人,

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which country person.

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Let's compare the two questions.

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The English will follow the Chinese after a pause

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to give you a chance to decide for yourself

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which question is being asked.

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你是哪国人?

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What's your nationality?

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你是美国人吗?

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Are you an American?

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你是哪国人?

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What's your nationality?

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你是美国人吗?

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Are you an American?

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Once you've established someone's nationality,

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you may want to ask what part of the country

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it comes from.

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For example,what province or major city of China?

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Listen to this exchange.

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Where are you from?

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你是哪的人?

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I'm from Shanghai.

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我是上海人.

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Let's look at the answer first.

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It's easier.

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You already know the word 人,person,as in 中国人,

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literally China person.

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You can also add 人 to the names

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of these provinces.

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Listen to 上海人.

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What Miss Hu is saying is

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I'm a Shanghai person.

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Listen to her reply.

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Where are you from?

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你是哪的人?

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I'm from Shanghai.

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我是上海人.

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It's an idiomatic but rather free translation

14:46.200 --> 14:49.200
of the question 你是哪的人?

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The Chinese is actually something like

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you are a person of where.

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The word for where is 哪,哪,哪.

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Listen for 哪, meaning where.

15:03.200 --> 15:05.200
Where are you from?

15:05.200 --> 15:10.200
你是哪的人?

15:10.200 --> 15:12.200
I'm from Shanghai.

15:12.200 --> 15:17.200
我是上海人.

15:17.200 --> 15:19.200
Be sure to associate the low tone

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with the word for where 哪,

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since the word for there is 哪 in the falling tone.

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This is one of the best illustrations

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of the importance of tones in Chinese.

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The possibilities for confusion

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between 哪,where and 哪

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there are obvious.

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Here's the word for where again.

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哪,哪,哪.

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The weak syllable 德 in 哪的人

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is a marker of the possessive.

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We translated 哪的人 as a person of where

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using of for the possessive marker 德.

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But in the process we reversed the order.

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In Chinese the word for where comes first

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and the word for person last.

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So a closer although even less idiomatic

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translation is with the English possessive

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possessive apostrophe s,where's person.

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Here's a somewhat more straight forward example

16:10.200 --> 16:12.200
of the possessive marker 德.

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You need to know that 先生 can mean husband

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as well as mister and sir.

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Listen.

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He's Fang Baolan's husband.

16:20.200 --> 16:23.200
他是方保兰的先生.

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他是方保兰的先生.

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In the phrase 方保兰的先生.

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方保兰's husband.

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It's clear that the marker 德 is working

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with the possessive apostrophe s.

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Now let's go back to the exchange with 哪的人

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where's person or a person of where.

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Listen.

16:44.200 --> 16:46.200
Where are you from?

16:46.200 --> 16:50.200
你是哪的人?

16:50.200 --> 16:52.200
I'm from Shanghai.

16:52.200 --> 16:56.200
我是上海人.

16:56.200 --> 16:58.200
Listen to the exchange again.

16:58.200 --> 17:00.200
Where are you from?

17:00.200 --> 17:02.200
你是哪的人?

17:02.200 --> 17:04.200
你是哪的人?

17:04.200 --> 17:06.200
I'm from Shanghai.

17:06.200 --> 17:08.200
我是上海人.

17:08.200 --> 17:10.200
我是上海人.

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Here it is live.

17:11.200 --> 17:13.200
你是哪的人?

17:13.200 --> 17:15.200
我是上海人.

17:15.200 --> 17:16.200
Again.

17:16.200 --> 17:18.200
你是哪的人?

17:18.200 --> 17:20.200
我是上海人.

17:20.200 --> 17:22.200
Here's a similar exchange.

17:22.200 --> 17:23.200
Listen.

17:23.200 --> 17:25.200
Where is he from?

17:25.200 --> 17:29.200
他是哪的人?

17:29.200 --> 17:31.200
He's from Shandong.

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他是上东人.

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Shandong is one of the provinces in north China.

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Listen to Shandong person.

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Shandong人.

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Shandong人.

17:44.200 --> 17:46.200
Shandong人.

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Here's the exchange live.

17:48.200 --> 17:50.200
他是哪的人?

17:50.200 --> 17:52.200
他是上东人.

17:52.200 --> 17:53.200
Again.

17:53.200 --> 17:55.200
他是哪的人?

17:55.200 --> 17:58.200
他是上东人.

17:58.200 --> 17:59.200
If the question

17:59.200 --> 18:01.200
Where are you from?

18:01.200 --> 18:02.200
is asked of an American,

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the expected answer is the name of a state.

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In Chinese, there's a phonetic approximation

18:07.200 --> 18:09.200
for the name of each American state.

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Here's California, for example.

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佳理佛尼亚.

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佳理佛尼亚.

18:17.200 --> 18:19.200
佳理佛尼亚.

18:19.200 --> 18:21.200
Several states, among them California,

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have abbreviated names consisting of the first syllable

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of the phonetic version and the syllable 中 or state.

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Here's the abbreviated name for California.

18:31.200 --> 18:32.200
佳州.

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佳州.

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佳州.

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Listen to this exchange.

18:38.200 --> 18:39.200
Where are you from?

18:39.200 --> 18:41.200
你是哪的人?

18:41.200 --> 18:43.200
你是哪的人?

18:43.200 --> 18:45.200
I'm a Californian.

18:45.200 --> 18:47.200
我是佳州人.

18:47.200 --> 18:49.200
我是佳州人.

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Here it is live.

18:51.200 --> 18:52.200
你是哪的人?

18:52.200 --> 18:54.200
我是佳州人.

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Again.

18:55.200 --> 18:56.200
你是哪的人?

18:56.200 --> 18:59.200
我是佳州人.

18:59.200 --> 19:02.200
On this tape, we've covered yes-no questions such as

19:02.200 --> 19:04.200
are you an American?

19:04.200 --> 19:06.200
and the questions, what's your nationality?

19:06.200 --> 19:08.200
and where are you from?

19:08.200 --> 19:10.200
Here they are for review.

19:10.200 --> 19:12.200
Are you an American?

19:12.200 --> 19:15.200
你是美国人吗?

19:15.200 --> 19:17.200
你是美国人吗?

19:17.200 --> 19:19.200
What's your nationality?

19:19.200 --> 19:21.200
你是哪个人?

19:21.200 --> 19:23.200
你是哪个人?

19:23.200 --> 19:25.200
Where are you from?

19:25.200 --> 19:27.200
你是哪个人?

19:27.200 --> 19:30.200
你是哪个人?

19:30.200 --> 19:32.200
Let's see if you can tell them apart.

19:32.200 --> 19:34.200
Here they are in random order.

19:34.200 --> 19:36.200
With a pause between the Chinese and the English.

19:36.200 --> 19:40.200
Try translating to yourself during the pause.

19:40.200 --> 19:44.200
你是美国人吗?

19:44.200 --> 19:47.200
Are you an American?

19:47.200 --> 19:50.200
你是哪个人?

19:50.200 --> 19:53.200
What's your nationality?

19:53.200 --> 19:56.200
你是哪个人?

19:56.200 --> 19:58.200
Where are you from?

19:58.200 --> 20:02.200
你是哪个人?

20:02.200 --> 20:05.200
What's your nationality?

20:05.200 --> 20:08.200
你是哪个人?

20:08.200 --> 20:11.200
Where are you from?

20:11.200 --> 20:15.200
你是美国人吗?

20:15.200 --> 20:18.200
Are you an American?

20:18.200 --> 20:21.200
你是美国人吗?

20:21.200 --> 20:24.200
Are you an American?

20:24.200 --> 20:27.200
你是哪个人?

20:27.200 --> 20:29.200
Where are you from?

20:29.200 --> 20:33.200
你是哪个人?

20:33.200 --> 20:38.200
What's your nationality?

20:38.200 --> 20:42.200
Now let's review both questions and answers in the same format.

20:42.200 --> 20:45.200
Chinese, pause, English.

20:45.200 --> 20:48.200
你是哪个人?

20:48.200 --> 20:51.200
What's your nationality?

20:51.200 --> 20:54.200
我是中国人.

20:54.200 --> 20:56.200
I'm Chinese.

20:56.200 --> 20:59.200
你是哪个人?

20:59.200 --> 21:01.200
Where are you from?

21:01.200 --> 21:05.200
我是上海人.

21:05.200 --> 21:09.200
I'm from Shanghai.

21:09.200 --> 21:12.200
你是美国人吗?

21:12.200 --> 21:14.200
Are you an American?

21:14.200 --> 21:18.200
是,我是美国人.

21:18.200 --> 21:21.200
Yes, I'm an American.

21:21.200 --> 21:24.200
你是英国人吗?

21:24.200 --> 21:26.200
Are you English?

21:26.200 --> 21:30.200
不是,我不是英国人.

21:30.200 --> 21:32.200
No, I'm not English.

21:32.200 --> 21:35.200
你是中国人吗?

21:35.200 --> 21:37.200
Are you Chinese?

21:37.200 --> 21:41.200
是,我是中国人.

21:41.200 --> 21:44.200
Yes, I'm Chinese.

21:44.200 --> 21:47.200
你是哪个人?

21:47.200 --> 21:50.200
What's your nationality?

21:50.200 --> 21:52.200
我是美国人.

21:52.200 --> 21:55.200
I'm an American.

21:55.200 --> 21:58.200
你是哪个人?

21:58.200 --> 22:00.200
Where are you from?

22:00.200 --> 22:03.200
我是加州人.

22:03.200 --> 22:06.200
I'm a Californian.

22:06.200 --> 22:10.200
他是哪个人?

22:10.200 --> 22:13.200
What's his nationality?

22:13.200 --> 22:16.200
他是中国人.

22:16.200 --> 22:18.200
He's Chinese.

22:18.200 --> 22:22.200
他是哪个人?

22:22.200 --> 22:24.200
Where is he from?

22:24.200 --> 22:28.200
他是山东人.

22:28.200 --> 22:30.200
He's from Shandong.

22:30.200 --> 22:34.200
你是英国人吗?

22:34.200 --> 22:36.200
Are you English?

22:36.200 --> 22:41.200
我不是英国人.