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0	3000	Standard Chinese, a modular approach.
3000	7000	Resource module on pronunciation and romanization. Take two.
7000	11000	On this tape we're going to take up most of the vowel sounds of standard Chinese,
11000	15000	as well as their spellings in the pinyin system of romanization.
15000	20000	These vowel sounds all have approximate equivalents in English,although not exact equivalents.
20000	25000	And there's always some precedent if only in forward names for their spellings.
25000	30000	We'll hold the consonants to the same fairly obvious ones we used on the first tape.
30000	34000	Turn to display one for this tape in your workbook.
34000	37000	The left column has five Chinese surnames.
37000	40000	Listen to the vowel sound in the first surname.
47000	52000	Notice that the vowel sound a is spelled with the letter a as in Okinawa.
52000	55000	Try repeating the surname after the speaker.
63000	66000	Listen to the vowel in the second surname.
72000	76000	Notice that the sound e is spelled with an i as in Tahiti.
76000	87000	Try repeating,mi,mi,mi.
87000	89000	Here's the third surname.
96000	100000	Notice that the sound u is spelled with a u.
100000	105000	The English vowel u,which is not quite the same as spelled with a u in Honolulu.
105000	107000	Try repeating.
115000	117000	Here's the fourth one.
123000	128000	Notice that this does not sound much like the English vowel we use for Hong Kong.
128000	132000	It sounds more like the short double o vowel in Hook.
132000	136000	About the only word with this sound spelled o in English is woman.
136000	138000	Try repeating.
146000	148000	Listen to the last surname.
156000	160000	Notice that the sound a is spelled with an e as in chicken.
160000	164000	Notice also that this is not the vowel sound spelled with an e as in hen.
164000	166000	Try repeating.
174000	181000	You may find the sound a written e a bit close to the sound a written a and to the sound o written o.
181000	185000	Exercise 1 will give you practice in making these distinctions.
185000	189000	For each numbered item,the speaker will read a surname.
189000	193000	Write in the appropriate vowel letter repeating as you do so.
193000	221000	Then I'll give you the correct vowel letter.
223000	225000	O 6
225000	228000	Hang
228000	231000	E 7
231000	233000	Hang
233000	237000	E 8
237000	239000	Hong
239000	243000	O 9
243000	245000	Heng
245000	249000	E 10
249000	251000	Heng
251000	255000	E 11
255000	257000	Hong
257000	261000	O 12
261000	263000	Hang
263000	266000	A
266000	269000	Now try pronouncing the names in exercise 2.
269000	272000	Don't let it bother you if you're not sure of some of them.
272000	277000	You'll have a chance to repeat each of them after the speaker and each vowel will come up several times.
277000	279000	Don't ignore the tone marks.
279000	282000	Now when I give you the item number,try reading the item.
282000	285000	One
285000	288000	Ma
288000	292000	Two
292000	295000	Yi
295000	298000	Three
298000	301000	Four
301000	305000	Four
305000	308000	Long
308000	312000	Five
312000	315000	He
315000	319000	Six
319000	322000	Wu
322000	325000	Seven
325000	328000	Fang
328000	331000	Eight
331000	334000	An
334000	337000	Nine
337000	340000	Long
340000	344000	Ten
344000	347000	Yong
347000	350000	Eleven
350000	354000	Mang
354000	357000	Twelve
357000	359000	An
359000	363000	Thirteen
363000	366000	Yin
366000	369000	Fourteen
369000	373000	Ming
373000	376000	Fifteen
376000	378000	Hong
378000	384000	Now look at display 2,which presents four diphthongs or vowel combinations.
384000	387000	Listen to the first surname.
387000	392000	Li
392000	399000	Notice that the diphthong i is spelled ai as in Shanghai,which is pronounced in Chinese like this.
399000	404000	Shanghai
404000	407000	Try repeating the surname.
407000	413000	Li
413000	416000	Here's the second surname.
416000	423000	Wei
423000	431000	The diphthong a is spelled ei as in Taipei,the largest city in Taiwan,which is pronounced in Chinese like this.
431000	436000	Taipei
436000	443000	Remember that without the letter i,the letter e was pronounced 呃,try repeating the surname.
443000	445000	Wei
445000	450000	Wei
450000	454000	Here's the third surname.
454000	460000	hao
460000	465000	The diphthong o is spelled a-o as in Mao Zedong in Chinese.
465000	470000	Mao Zedong
470000	472000	Try repeating.
472000	479000	How
479000	482000	Here's the last surname.
482000	488000	Lou
488000	494000	The diphthong o is spelled o-u as in Zhou and Lai in Chinese.
494000	499000	Zhou and Lai
499000	501000	Try repeating.
501000	509000	Lou
509000	514000	Now try reading the surnames in exercise three and repeat after the speaker.
514000	517000	One
517000	520000	My
520000	523000	Two
523000	525000	Fei
525000	529000	Three
529000	534000	Four
534000	536000	Hou
536000	539000	Five
539000	541000	He
541000	544000	Six
544000	546000	Hu
546000	548000	Seven
548000	550000	Ha
550000	552000	Eight
552000	555000	Li
555000	557000	None
557000	559000	Lou
559000	563000	Ten
563000	565000	Meng
565000	568000	Eleven
568000	570000	Mei
570000	573000	Twelve
573000	576000	Lao
576000	579000	Thirteen
579000	581000	Long
581000	585000	Fourteen
585000	587000	Li
587000	590000	Fifteen
590000	592000	O
592000	595000	Sixteen
595000	597000	Wei
597000	601000	Seventeen
601000	603000	N
603000	605000	Eighteen
605000	608000	Nine
608000	612000	Nineteen
612000	615000	Yong
615000	619000	Twenty
619000	621000	How
621000	626000	Up until this point, we've treated the sounds spelled w and y as if they were regular consonants.
626000	633000	Fanatically, however, they're shortened vowels or semi-vowels, which glide into the full vowel of the syllable.
633000	641000	They're so close to being vowels that when a semi- vowel is followed by a vowel with the same articulation, it might be difficult to hear any transition.
641000	649000	The syllable written wu may sound like u and the syllable written yi may sound like e.
649000	652000	Like vowels, semi-vowels may follow consonants.
652000	659000	When they do, the pinyin system writes them with the equivalent vowel letter u instead of w and i instead of y.
659000	665000	Listen to the speaker read the triplets of surnames in display three.
665000	672000	Hang,Wang,Huang
672000	678000	Lan,Wang,Luan
678000	684000	Mao,Yao,Miao
684000	690000	Lang,Yang,Liang
690000	696000	In each triplet, the first surname starts with a regular consonant, the second with a semi-vowel,
696000	701000	and the third with a regular consonant followed by a semi-vowel spelled as a vowel.
701000	704000	If you have any difficulty with semi-vowels following consonants,
704000	710000	you can build up to them by starting with full vowels and speeding up until their semi-vowels.
710000	717000	For example, we could build up to the surname huang by starting from the full name, surname, and given name.
717000	721000	Listen.
721000	725000	Huang,Huang
725000	727000	Again
727000	731000	Huang,Huang
731000	734000	Try repeating after the speaker.
734000	739000	Huang,Huang
739000	741000	Again
741000	746000	Huang,Huang
746000	752000	Try repeating after the speaker as she reads through the display again.
752000	759000	Huang,Huang
759000	763000	Huang
763000	769000	Lan,Wang
769000	775000	Luan,Mao
775000	781000	Miao,Miao
781000	787000	Lang,Yang
787000	790000	Liang
790000	795000	Now try reading the surnames in exercise 4 and repeat after the speaker.
795000	801000	One,Han
801000	806000	Two,Huang
806000	811000	Three,Huang
811000	815000	Four,Lang
815000	819000	Five,Yang
819000	824000	Six,Liang
824000	829000	Seven,Luan
829000	833000	Eight,Miao
833000	838000	Nine,Huang
838000	843000	Ten,Liao
843000	849000	Eleven,Huang
849000	855000	Twelve,Huai
855000	861000	Thirteen,Liang
861000	867000	Fourteen,Luan
867000	873000	Fifteen,Liao
873000	879000	Display 4 presents three irregularities that crop up in combinations of semivol and vol.
879000	883000	Listen to the speaker read the first triplet of surnames.
883000	889000	Uh,Yeh,Liang
889000	894000	Notice the effect of the semivol written Y or I, again.
894000	900000	Uh,Yeh,Liang
900000	906000	After the semivol written Y or I,the letter E has the same sound value as in English yet,
906000	910000	rather than the sound value Uh,which it has alone.
910000	915000	The rest of the same sound value it has in the diphthong A written EI.
915000	919000	Try repeating these three surnames after the speaker.
919000	926000	Uh,Yeh,Liang
926000	933000	Again,Uh,Yeh,Liang
933000	937000	Now listen to the second triplet.
937000	944000	Uh,Yeh,Liang
944000	949000	Notice the effect of the semivol,again.
949000	955000	Uh,Yeh,Liang
955000	961000	Here after the semivol the AN takes on the sound value of EN in hen.
961000	966000	We include the N in the rule because this change only takes place where there is an N.
966000	968000	Try repeating these surnames.
968000	976000	Uh,Yeh,Liang
976000	986000	Again,Uh,Yeh,Liang
986000	991000	Now listen to the three surnames in the last row.
991000	997000	Uh,Yeh,Liang
997000	1002000	Listen for the effect of the semivol written W or U.
1002000	1010000	Uh,Yeh,Liang
1010000	1018000	ONG is pronounced UN,but after the semivol written W or U,the letter O stands for another vowel sound.
1018000	1024000	The combination WO or UO is pronounced rather like the beginning of the English word WAL.
1024000	1027000	Try repeating after the speaker.
1027000	1036000	LONG,WO,LO
1036000	1046000	Again,LONG,WO,LO
1046000	1050000	Exercise 5 provides some practice in these combinations.
1050000	1052000	Read the surnames and repeat.
1052000	1057000	1,Yeh
1057000	1062000	2,Yen
1062000	1067000	3,WO
1067000	1073000	4,Lie
1073000	1078000	5,Lian
1078000	1083000	6,Luo
1083000	1089000	7,Liang
1089000	1094000	8,Long
1094000	1099000	9,Nie
1099000	1103000	10,Heh
1103000	1108000	11,Huo
1108000	1113000	12,Yang
1113000	1118000	13,On
1118000	1122000	14,Yeh
1122000	1129000	15,Nian
1129000	1133000	16,Luo
1133000	1138000	17,Uh
1138000	1143000	18,Luo
1143000	1149000	19,Lian
1149000	1154000	20,Lie
1154000	1157000	Now let's review what we've covered on this tape.
1157000	1162000	Try reading the surnames in exercise 6 and repeat after the speaker.
1162000	1167000	1,Fang
1167000	1172000	2,Luo
1172000	1178000	3,Huang
1178000	1181000	4,Mao
1181000	1186000	5,Yi
1186000	1190000	6,Way
1190000	1196000	7,Miao
1196000	1201000	8,Luo
1201000	1207000	9,Lai
1207000	1212000	10,Hu
1212000	1217000	11,Hong
1217000	1222000	12,Liang
1222000	1227000	13,Luan
1227000	1232000	14,Wo
1232000	1237000	15,Lian
1237000	1242000	16,Yang
1242000	1247000	17,Lian
1247000	1252000	18,Lie
1252000	1257000	19,Heh
1257000	1262000	20,Yeh
1262000	1265000	Exercise 7 is a dictation exercise.
1265000	1268000	Try filling in the blank in the romanization of each surname.
1268000	1270000	Repeating as you do so.
1270000	1273000	I'll give you the correct answers as we go.
1273000	1279000	1,Fang
1279000	1286000	A,2,Miao
1286000	1291000	2,Iao
1291000	1296000	3,Yi
1296000	1302000	4,Way
1302000	1307000	5,Wu
1307000	1314000	6,Huang
1314000	1320000	7,Yeh
1320000	1327000	8,Lian
1327000	1334000	9,An
1334000	1341000	10,Yang
1341000	1348000	11,Luan
1348000	1355000	12,Hong
1355000	1361000	13,Liang
1361000	1367000	14,Wo
1367000	1373000	15,Luo
1373000	1379000	16,Lai
1379000	1385000	17,Huang
1385000	1391000	18,Lie
1391000	1398000	18,Lian
1398000	1405000	19,Yan
1405000	1411000	20,Luo
1411000	1414000	Wu
1414000	1421000	20,Liang
1421000	1424000	21,Liang
1424000	1429000	22,Liang
1429000	1434000	23,Liang
1434000	1439000	24,Liang
1439000	1443000	25,Liang