WEBVTT

00:00.000 --> 00:03.000
Standard Chinese, a modular approach.

00:03.000 --> 00:07.000
Resource module on pronunciation and romanization. Take two.

00:07.000 --> 00:11.000
On this tape we're going to take up most of the vowel sounds of standard Chinese,

00:11.000 --> 00:15.000
as well as their spellings in the pinyin system of romanization.

00:15.000 --> 00:20.000
These vowel sounds all have approximate equivalents in English,although not exact equivalents.

00:20.000 --> 00:25.000
And there's always some precedent if only in forward names for their spellings.

00:25.000 --> 00:30.000
We'll hold the consonants to the same fairly obvious ones we used on the first tape.

00:30.000 --> 00:34.000
Turn to display one for this tape in your workbook.

00:34.000 --> 00:37.000
The left column has five Chinese surnames.

00:37.000 --> 00:40.000
Listen to the vowel sound in the first surname.

00:47.000 --> 00:52.000
Notice that the vowel sound a is spelled with the letter a as in Okinawa.

00:52.000 --> 00:55.000
Try repeating the surname after the speaker.

01:03.000 --> 01:06.000
Listen to the vowel in the second surname.

01:12.000 --> 01:16.000
Notice that the sound e is spelled with an i as in Tahiti.

01:16.000 --> 01:27.000
Try repeating,mi,mi,mi.

01:27.000 --> 01:29.000
Here's the third surname.

01:36.000 --> 01:40.000
Notice that the sound u is spelled with a u.

01:40.000 --> 01:45.000
The English vowel u,which is not quite the same as spelled with a u in Honolulu.

01:45.000 --> 01:47.000
Try repeating.

01:55.000 --> 01:57.000
Here's the fourth one.

02:03.000 --> 02:08.000
Notice that this does not sound much like the English vowel we use for Hong Kong.

02:08.000 --> 02:12.000
It sounds more like the short double o vowel in Hook.

02:12.000 --> 02:16.000
About the only word with this sound spelled o in English is woman.

02:16.000 --> 02:18.000
Try repeating.

02:26.000 --> 02:28.000
Listen to the last surname.

02:36.000 --> 02:40.000
Notice that the sound a is spelled with an e as in chicken.

02:40.000 --> 02:44.000
Notice also that this is not the vowel sound spelled with an e as in hen.

02:44.000 --> 02:46.000
Try repeating.

02:54.000 --> 03:01.000
You may find the sound a written e a bit close to the sound a written a and to the sound o written o.

03:01.000 --> 03:05.000
Exercise 1 will give you practice in making these distinctions.

03:05.000 --> 03:09.000
For each numbered item,the speaker will read a surname.

03:09.000 --> 03:13.000
Write in the appropriate vowel letter repeating as you do so.

03:13.000 --> 03:41.000
Then I'll give you the correct vowel letter.

03:43.000 --> 03:45.000
O 6

03:45.000 --> 03:48.000
Hang

03:48.000 --> 03:51.000
E 7

03:51.000 --> 03:53.000
Hang

03:53.000 --> 03:57.000
E 8

03:57.000 --> 03:59.000
Hong

03:59.000 --> 04:03.000
O 9

04:03.000 --> 04:05.000
Heng

04:05.000 --> 04:09.000
E 10

04:09.000 --> 04:11.000
Heng

04:11.000 --> 04:15.000
E 11

04:15.000 --> 04:17.000
Hong

04:17.000 --> 04:21.000
O 12

04:21.000 --> 04:23.000
Hang

04:23.000 --> 04:26.000
A

04:26.000 --> 04:29.000
Now try pronouncing the names in exercise 2.

04:29.000 --> 04:32.000
Don't let it bother you if you're not sure of some of them.

04:32.000 --> 04:37.000
You'll have a chance to repeat each of them after the speaker and each vowel will come up several times.

04:37.000 --> 04:39.000
Don't ignore the tone marks.

04:39.000 --> 04:42.000
Now when I give you the item number,try reading the item.

04:42.000 --> 04:45.000
One

04:45.000 --> 04:48.000
Ma

04:48.000 --> 04:52.000
Two

04:52.000 --> 04:55.000
Yi

04:55.000 --> 04:58.000
Three

04:58.000 --> 05:01.000
Four

05:01.000 --> 05:05.000
Four

05:05.000 --> 05:08.000
Long

05:08.000 --> 05:12.000
Five

05:12.000 --> 05:15.000
He

05:15.000 --> 05:19.000
Six

05:19.000 --> 05:22.000
Wu

05:22.000 --> 05:25.000
Seven

05:25.000 --> 05:28.000
Fang

05:28.000 --> 05:31.000
Eight

05:31.000 --> 05:34.000
An

05:34.000 --> 05:37.000
Nine

05:37.000 --> 05:40.000
Long

05:40.000 --> 05:44.000
Ten

05:44.000 --> 05:47.000
Yong

05:47.000 --> 05:50.000
Eleven

05:50.000 --> 05:54.000
Mang

05:54.000 --> 05:57.000
Twelve

05:57.000 --> 05:59.000
An

05:59.000 --> 06:03.000
Thirteen

06:03.000 --> 06:06.000
Yin

06:06.000 --> 06:09.000
Fourteen

06:09.000 --> 06:13.000
Ming

06:13.000 --> 06:16.000
Fifteen

06:16.000 --> 06:18.000
Hong

06:18.000 --> 06:24.000
Now look at display 2,which presents four diphthongs or vowel combinations.

06:24.000 --> 06:27.000
Listen to the first surname.

06:27.000 --> 06:32.000
Li

06:32.000 --> 06:39.000
Notice that the diphthong i is spelled ai as in Shanghai,which is pronounced in Chinese like this.

06:39.000 --> 06:44.000
Shanghai

06:44.000 --> 06:47.000
Try repeating the surname.

06:47.000 --> 06:53.000
Li

06:53.000 --> 06:56.000
Here's the second surname.

06:56.000 --> 07:03.000
Wei

07:03.000 --> 07:11.000
The diphthong a is spelled ei as in Taipei,the largest city in Taiwan,which is pronounced in Chinese like this.

07:11.000 --> 07:16.000
Taipei

07:16.000 --> 07:23.000
Remember that without the letter i,the letter e was pronounced 呃,try repeating the surname.

07:23.000 --> 07:25.000
Wei

07:25.000 --> 07:30.000
Wei

07:30.000 --> 07:34.000
Here's the third surname.

07:34.000 --> 07:40.000
hao

07:40.000 --> 07:45.000
The diphthong o is spelled a-o as in Mao Zedong in Chinese.

07:45.000 --> 07:50.000
Mao Zedong

07:50.000 --> 07:52.000
Try repeating.

07:52.000 --> 07:59.000
How

07:59.000 --> 08:02.000
Here's the last surname.

08:02.000 --> 08:08.000
Lou

08:08.000 --> 08:14.000
The diphthong o is spelled o-u as in Zhou and Lai in Chinese.

08:14.000 --> 08:19.000
Zhou and Lai

08:19.000 --> 08:21.000
Try repeating.

08:21.000 --> 08:29.000
Lou

08:29.000 --> 08:34.000
Now try reading the surnames in exercise three and repeat after the speaker.

08:34.000 --> 08:37.000
One

08:37.000 --> 08:40.000
My

08:40.000 --> 08:43.000
Two

08:43.000 --> 08:45.000
Fei

08:45.000 --> 08:49.000
Three

08:49.000 --> 08:54.000
Four

08:54.000 --> 08:56.000
Hou

08:56.000 --> 08:59.000
Five

08:59.000 --> 09:01.000
He

09:01.000 --> 09:04.000
Six

09:04.000 --> 09:06.000
Hu

09:06.000 --> 09:08.000
Seven

09:08.000 --> 09:10.000
Ha

09:10.000 --> 09:12.000
Eight

09:12.000 --> 09:15.000
Li

09:15.000 --> 09:17.000
None

09:17.000 --> 09:19.000
Lou

09:19.000 --> 09:23.000
Ten

09:23.000 --> 09:25.000
Meng

09:25.000 --> 09:28.000
Eleven

09:28.000 --> 09:30.000
Mei

09:30.000 --> 09:33.000
Twelve

09:33.000 --> 09:36.000
Lao

09:36.000 --> 09:39.000
Thirteen

09:39.000 --> 09:41.000
Long

09:41.000 --> 09:45.000
Fourteen

09:45.000 --> 09:47.000
Li

09:47.000 --> 09:50.000
Fifteen

09:50.000 --> 09:52.000
O

09:52.000 --> 09:55.000
Sixteen

09:55.000 --> 09:57.000
Wei

09:57.000 --> 10:01.000
Seventeen

10:01.000 --> 10:03.000
N

10:03.000 --> 10:05.000
Eighteen

10:05.000 --> 10:08.000
Nine

10:08.000 --> 10:12.000
Nineteen

10:12.000 --> 10:15.000
Yong

10:15.000 --> 10:19.000
Twenty

10:19.000 --> 10:21.000
How

10:21.000 --> 10:26.000
Up until this point, we've treated the sounds spelled w and y as if they were regular consonants.

10:26.000 --> 10:33.000
Fanatically, however, they're shortened vowels or semi-vowels, which glide into the full vowel of the syllable.

10:33.000 --> 10:41.000
They're so close to being vowels that when a semi- vowel is followed by a vowel with the same articulation, it might be difficult to hear any transition.

10:41.000 --> 10:49.000
The syllable written wu may sound like u and the syllable written yi may sound like e.

10:49.000 --> 10:52.000
Like vowels, semi-vowels may follow consonants.

10:52.000 --> 10:59.000
When they do, the pinyin system writes them with the equivalent vowel letter u instead of w and i instead of y.

10:59.000 --> 11:05.000
Listen to the speaker read the triplets of surnames in display three.

11:05.000 --> 11:12.000
Hang,Wang,Huang

11:12.000 --> 11:18.000
Lan,Wang,Luan

11:18.000 --> 11:24.000
Mao,Yao,Miao

11:24.000 --> 11:30.000
Lang,Yang,Liang

11:30.000 --> 11:36.000
In each triplet, the first surname starts with a regular consonant, the second with a semi-vowel,

11:36.000 --> 11:41.000
and the third with a regular consonant followed by a semi-vowel spelled as a vowel.

11:41.000 --> 11:44.000
If you have any difficulty with semi-vowels following consonants,

11:44.000 --> 11:50.000
you can build up to them by starting with full vowels and speeding up until their semi-vowels.

11:50.000 --> 11:57.000
For example, we could build up to the surname huang by starting from the full name, surname, and given name.

11:57.000 --> 12:01.000
Listen.

12:01.000 --> 12:05.000
Huang,Huang

12:05.000 --> 12:07.000
Again

12:07.000 --> 12:11.000
Huang,Huang

12:11.000 --> 12:14.000
Try repeating after the speaker.

12:14.000 --> 12:19.000
Huang,Huang

12:19.000 --> 12:21.000
Again

12:21.000 --> 12:26.000
Huang,Huang

12:26.000 --> 12:32.000
Try repeating after the speaker as she reads through the display again.

12:32.000 --> 12:39.000
Huang,Huang

12:39.000 --> 12:43.000
Huang

12:43.000 --> 12:49.000
Lan,Wang

12:49.000 --> 12:55.000
Luan,Mao

12:55.000 --> 13:01.000
Miao,Miao

13:01.000 --> 13:07.000
Lang,Yang

13:07.000 --> 13:10.000
Liang

13:10.000 --> 13:15.000
Now try reading the surnames in exercise 4 and repeat after the speaker.

13:15.000 --> 13:21.000
One,Han

13:21.000 --> 13:26.000
Two,Huang

13:26.000 --> 13:31.000
Three,Huang

13:31.000 --> 13:35.000
Four,Lang

13:35.000 --> 13:39.000
Five,Yang

13:39.000 --> 13:44.000
Six,Liang

13:44.000 --> 13:49.000
Seven,Luan

13:49.000 --> 13:53.000
Eight,Miao

13:53.000 --> 13:58.000
Nine,Huang

13:58.000 --> 14:03.000
Ten,Liao

14:03.000 --> 14:09.000
Eleven,Huang

14:09.000 --> 14:15.000
Twelve,Huai

14:15.000 --> 14:21.000
Thirteen,Liang

14:21.000 --> 14:27.000
Fourteen,Luan

14:27.000 --> 14:33.000
Fifteen,Liao

14:33.000 --> 14:39.000
Display 4 presents three irregularities that crop up in combinations of semivol and vol.

14:39.000 --> 14:43.000
Listen to the speaker read the first triplet of surnames.

14:43.000 --> 14:49.000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

14:49.000 --> 14:54.000
Notice the effect of the semivol written Y or I, again.

14:54.000 --> 15:00.000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

15:00.000 --> 15:06.000
After the semivol written Y or I,the letter E has the same sound value as in English yet,

15:06.000 --> 15:10.000
rather than the sound value Uh,which it has alone.

15:10.000 --> 15:15.000
The rest of the same sound value it has in the diphthong A written EI.

15:15.000 --> 15:19.000
Try repeating these three surnames after the speaker.

15:19.000 --> 15:26.000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

15:26.000 --> 15:33.000
Again,Uh,Yeh,Liang

15:33.000 --> 15:37.000
Now listen to the second triplet.

15:37.000 --> 15:44.000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

15:44.000 --> 15:49.000
Notice the effect of the semivol,again.

15:49.000 --> 15:55.000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

15:55.000 --> 16:01.000
Here after the semivol the AN takes on the sound value of EN in hen.

16:01.000 --> 16:06.000
We include the N in the rule because this change only takes place where there is an N.

16:06.000 --> 16:08.000
Try repeating these surnames.

16:08.000 --> 16:16.000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

16:16.000 --> 16:26.000
Again,Uh,Yeh,Liang

16:26.000 --> 16:31.000
Now listen to the three surnames in the last row.

16:31.000 --> 16:37.000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

16:37.000 --> 16:42.000
Listen for the effect of the semivol written W or U.

16:42.000 --> 16:50.000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

16:50.000 --> 16:58.000
ONG is pronounced UN,but after the semivol written W or U,the letter O stands for another vowel sound.

16:58.000 --> 17:04.000
The combination WO or UO is pronounced rather like the beginning of the English word WAL.

17:04.000 --> 17:07.000
Try repeating after the speaker.

17:07.000 --> 17:16.000
LONG,WO,LO

17:16.000 --> 17:26.000
Again,LONG,WO,LO

17:26.000 --> 17:30.000
Exercise 5 provides some practice in these combinations.

17:30.000 --> 17:32.000
Read the surnames and repeat.

17:32.000 --> 17:37.000
1,Yeh

17:37.000 --> 17:42.000
2,Yen

17:42.000 --> 17:47.000
3,WO

17:47.000 --> 17:53.000
4,Lie

17:53.000 --> 17:58.000
5,Lian

17:58.000 --> 18:03.000
6,Luo

18:03.000 --> 18:09.000
7,Liang

18:09.000 --> 18:14.000
8,Long

18:14.000 --> 18:19.000
9,Nie

18:19.000 --> 18:23.000
10,Heh

18:23.000 --> 18:28.000
11,Huo

18:28.000 --> 18:33.000
12,Yang

18:33.000 --> 18:38.000
13,On

18:38.000 --> 18:42.000
14,Yeh

18:42.000 --> 18:49.000
15,Nian

18:49.000 --> 18:53.000
16,Luo

18:53.000 --> 18:58.000
17,Uh

18:58.000 --> 19:03.000
18,Luo

19:03.000 --> 19:09.000
19,Lian

19:09.000 --> 19:14.000
20,Lie

19:14.000 --> 19:17.000
Now let's review what we've covered on this tape.

19:17.000 --> 19:22.000
Try reading the surnames in exercise 6 and repeat after the speaker.

19:22.000 --> 19:27.000
1,Fang

19:27.000 --> 19:32.000
2,Luo

19:32.000 --> 19:38.000
3,Huang

19:38.000 --> 19:41.000
4,Mao

19:41.000 --> 19:46.000
5,Yi

19:46.000 --> 19:50.000
6,Way

19:50.000 --> 19:56.000
7,Miao

19:56.000 --> 20:01.000
8,Luo

20:01.000 --> 20:07.000
9,Lai

20:07.000 --> 20:12.000
10,Hu

20:12.000 --> 20:17.000
11,Hong

20:17.000 --> 20:22.000
12,Liang

20:22.000 --> 20:27.000
13,Luan

20:27.000 --> 20:32.000
14,Wo

20:32.000 --> 20:37.000
15,Lian

20:37.000 --> 20:42.000
16,Yang

20:42.000 --> 20:47.000
17,Lian

20:47.000 --> 20:52.000
18,Lie

20:52.000 --> 20:57.000
19,Heh

20:57.000 --> 21:02.000
20,Yeh

21:02.000 --> 21:05.000
Exercise 7 is a dictation exercise.

21:05.000 --> 21:08.000
Try filling in the blank in the romanization of each surname.

21:08.000 --> 21:10.000
Repeating as you do so.

21:10.000 --> 21:13.000
I'll give you the correct answers as we go.

21:13.000 --> 21:19.000
1,Fang

21:19.000 --> 21:26.000
A,2,Miao

21:26.000 --> 21:31.000
2,Iao

21:31.000 --> 21:36.000
3,Yi

21:36.000 --> 21:42.000
4,Way

21:42.000 --> 21:47.000
5,Wu

21:47.000 --> 21:54.000
6,Huang

21:54.000 --> 22:00.000
7,Yeh

22:00.000 --> 22:07.000
8,Lian

22:07.000 --> 22:14.000
9,An

22:14.000 --> 22:21.000
10,Yang

22:21.000 --> 22:28.000
11,Luan

22:28.000 --> 22:35.000
12,Hong

22:35.000 --> 22:41.000
13,Liang

22:41.000 --> 22:47.000
14,Wo

22:47.000 --> 22:53.000
15,Luo

22:53.000 --> 22:59.000
16,Lai

22:59.000 --> 23:05.000
17,Huang

23:05.000 --> 23:11.000
18,Lie

23:11.000 --> 23:18.000
18,Lian

23:18.000 --> 23:25.000
19,Yan

23:25.000 --> 23:31.000
20,Luo

23:31.000 --> 23:34.000
Wu

23:34.000 --> 23:41.000
20,Liang

23:41.000 --> 23:44.000
21,Liang

23:44.000 --> 23:49.000
22,Liang

23:49.000 --> 23:54.000
23,Liang

23:54.000 --> 23:59.000
24,Liang

23:59.000 --> 24:03.000
25,Liang