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Standard Chinese Modular Approach

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Resource module on pronunciation and romanization

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Tape 5

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This tape will take up several abbreviations in pinyin spelling

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A new vowel and a new consonant

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Display 1 contains three cases of abbreviation

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Listen to the speaker read the surnames in the first row

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I'm one one

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Listen again and notice that they run

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I'm one one

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Each of these syllables clearly has the vowel sound uh

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But the last one is spelled without an e

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We've supplied the e in the version in brackets to reflect the pronunciation

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Notice, by the way, that the ton mark has wound up on the u

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The only surviving vowel letter

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Now listen to the names in the second row

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say

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way

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way

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Listen again, they run

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say

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way

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way

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way

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Here, you'd expect g-u-e-i

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Since the a sound is spelled e-i

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But in fact, there is no e

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Notice that the ton mark has shifted to the i

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The last vowel letter

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Now listen to the last row

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hole

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yo

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leo

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Listen again

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Except for the tone, they run

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hole

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yo

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leo

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Here, you'd expect l-i-o-u

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Since the sound o is spelled o-u

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But in fact, there's no o

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Notice that the ton mark has shifted to the u

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The last vowel letter

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We've been treating these spelling simply as abbreviations

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But in fact, they make some kind of phonetic sense

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It happens that vowels often have a slightly different quality

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in the first and second tones

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And in each of these cases, the abbreviated spelling

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is suggestive of the first and second tones

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pronunciations

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For example, listen to the pairs of names in the

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play too

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yo

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leo

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leo

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Perhaps you'll agree that you hear something

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approaching a simple u sound after the

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semi vowel in the first and second tones names

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so that the spelling without the o

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might be better for both of them

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Listen again and notice that the pairs don't quite rhyme

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yo

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leo

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leo

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leo

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Now listen to the speaker read down the columns

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This way, you may better hear the rhymes

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yo

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leo

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yo

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leo

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Again

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yo

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leo

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yo

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leo

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This way, three presents a slightly different kind of abbreviation

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Listen to the speaker read the names

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leo

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leo

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leo

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leo

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Listen again and notice that they rhyme

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All three end in o

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leo

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leo

87
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leo

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leo

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In this case, the semi vowel is not written after m

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There's no u

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The same goes after other consonants involving the lips

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b,p and f

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The theory seems to be that the lip involvement of m,b,p and f

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is sufficient to suggest the lip rounding of the semi vowel without writing u

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Now try reading the names in exercise 1

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and repeat after the speaker

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one

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one

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two

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one

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three

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four

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way

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four

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way

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five

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yo

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six

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leo

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seven

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more

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eight

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more

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nine

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lun

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ten

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niu

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eleven

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rei

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twelve

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bo

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thirteen

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tsui

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fourteen

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twenty

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fifteen

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q

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exercise two is a dictation exercise

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fill in the blanks repeating as you do so

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one

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one

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we

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two

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one

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hu

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three

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guay

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u,i

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four

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way

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we,i

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vi

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more

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wo

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six

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more

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wo

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seven

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leo

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iu

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eight

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yo

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wei

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yu

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nine

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guay

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u,i

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ten

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war

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wo

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eleven

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one

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hu

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twelve

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wei

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we,i

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thirteen

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more

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yu,o

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fourteen

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one

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we

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fifteen

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yo

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yu

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sixteen

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liu

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iu

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display four introduces a new vowel

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it's written as a letter u with two dots over it

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for lack of a better term let's use the german term umlaut

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for the accent mark and call the combination u umlaut

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listen to the speaker read the three names

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li

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lu

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lu

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lu

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again

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li

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lu

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u

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liu

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yi

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yu

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yi

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yu

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yi

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yu

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yi

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yu

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yi

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yu

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yi

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yi

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u,i

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u,i

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u,i

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u,i

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u,i

210
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u,i

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li

212
00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:03,000
lu

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00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:05,000
lu

214
00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:08,000
again

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li

216
00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:12,000
lu

217
00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:15,000
li

218
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li

219
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yu umlaut

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tu

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li

222
00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:43,000
i

223
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ri

224
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lu

225
00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:49,000
yu

226
00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:50,000
for

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lu

228
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yu umlaut

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fif

230
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lu

231
00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:02,000
yu umlaut

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sixte

233
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li

234
00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:08,000
i

235
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seven

236
00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:11,000
li

237
00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:14,000
i

238
00:10:14,000 --> 00:10:15,000
eight

239
00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:17,000
lu

240
00:10:19,000 --> 00:10:20,000
u

241
00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:21,000
nine

242
00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:22,000
lu

243
00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:26,000
yu umlaut

244
00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:27,000
ten

245
00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:28,000
lu

246
00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:30,000
lu

247
00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:32,000
yu

248
00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:37,000
in exercise four try reading the names and repeat

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one

250
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li

251
00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:44,000
two

252
00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:47,000
lu

253
00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:50,000
three

254
00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:52,000
li

255
00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:55,000
four

256
00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:57,000
lu

257
00:10:58,000 --> 00:10:59,000
five

258
00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:01,000
lu

259
00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:04,000
six

260
00:11:06,000 --> 00:11:07,000
li

261
00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:10,000
seven

262
00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:12,000
lu

263
00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:15,000
eight

264
00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:17,000
lu

265
00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:20,000
nine

266
00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:23,000
li

267
00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:27,000
ten

268
00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:29,000
u

269
00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:52,000
u

270
00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:55,000
u

271
00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:56,000
u

272
00:11:57,000 --> 00:11:58,000
u

273
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:01,000
u

274
00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:04,000
u

275
00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:06,000
u

276
00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:08,000
u

277
00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:10,000
u

278
00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:14,000
u

279
00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:17,000
u

280
00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:19,000
u

281
00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:22,000
u

282
00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:23,000
u

283
00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:26,000
u

284
00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:28,000
u

285
00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:30,000
u

286
00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:32,000
u

287
00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:49,000
u

288
00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:50,000
u

289
00:12:51,000 --> 00:12:52,000
u

290
00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:55,000
u

291
00:12:57,000 --> 00:12:58,000
u

292
00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:01,000
u

293
00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:03,000
u

294
00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:05,000
u

295
00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:08,000
u

296
00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:11,000
u

297
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:13,000
u

298
00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:15,000
u

299
00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:18,000
u

300
00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:20,000
u

301
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:22,000
u

302
00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:25,000
u

303
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:27,000
u

304
00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:29,000
u

305
00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:31,000
u

306
00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:33,000
u

307
00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:36,000
u

308
00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:38,000
u

309
00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:43,000
U

310
00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:51,000
U

311
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:54,000
U

312
00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:57,000
U

313
00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:01,000
U

314
00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:02,000
U

315
00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:06,000
U

316
00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:07,000
U

317
00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:10,620
Yen, Yen

318
00:14:10,620 --> 00:14:15,820
Yen

319
00:14:15,820 --> 00:14:18,020
For many speakers, the last pair rhymes.

320
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The pronunciation would be better represented by the spelling in the parentheses,

321
00:14:22,460 --> 00:14:26,380
with an E added for the S sound.

322
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For many speakers, however, this pair doesn't rhyme.

323
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The pronunciation is well represented by the actual spelling Y,

324
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U-umn-lout, A-N.

325
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We put the umlaut axid mark over the u's in display 5, but actual pinion spelling doesn't.

326
00:14:41,140 --> 00:14:49,140
After a y, a u couldn't stand for anything but the u umlaut sound, and so pinion doesn't bother to add the two dots.

327
00:14:49,140 --> 00:14:53,140
The same goes after the palatal consonants written j, q, and x.

328
00:14:53,140 --> 00:15:04,140
Since these consonants pronounced with the tongue in the e position occur only before vowels pronounced with the tongue in the e position, namely e and e, or their semi-vol equivalents,

329
00:15:04,140 --> 00:15:09,140
you know that a u after a j, q, or x must mean u umlaut.

330
00:15:09,140 --> 00:15:14,140
Just to be helpful though, we'll write the umlaut for you every time in the early part of this course,

331
00:15:14,140 --> 00:15:20,140
but just to get an idea of how the system works, try reading the names in exercise 5.

332
00:15:20,140 --> 00:15:27,140
Pronouncing the letter u with the sound value y after y and the palatal consonants written j, q, and x,

333
00:15:27,140 --> 00:15:30,140
and then repeating after the speaker.

334
00:15:30,140 --> 00:15:55,140
1, shu, 2, su, 3, shu, 4, wu, 5, yu,

335
00:15:55,140 --> 00:16:12,140
6, zhu, 7, zhu, 8, ju,

336
00:16:12,140 --> 00:16:27,140
9, chu, 10, q, 11, mu,

337
00:16:27,140 --> 00:16:42,140
12, yu, 13, ju, 14,

338
00:16:42,140 --> 00:16:58,140
chu, 15, shu,

339
00:16:58,140 --> 00:17:13,140
15, shu,

340
00:17:13,140 --> 00:17:28,140
in exercise 6 we've gone back to our helpful spelling. Try reading the names and repeat after the speaker.

341
00:17:28,140 --> 00:17:48,140
2, shu, 3, shu, 4, quen, 5, shuang,

342
00:17:48,140 --> 00:17:58,140
6, chun, 7,

343
00:17:58,140 --> 00:18:07,140
jun, 8, yue,

344
00:18:07,140 --> 00:18:19,140
9, quen, 10, lü,

345
00:18:19,140 --> 00:18:25,140
11, lù,

346
00:18:25,140 --> 00:18:33,140
12, yu, 13,

347
00:18:33,140 --> 00:18:38,140
ju, 14,

348
00:18:38,140 --> 00:18:44,140
yuan, 15,

349
00:18:44,140 --> 00:18:51,140
chuan, 16,

350
00:18:51,140 --> 00:18:56,140
yun.

351
00:18:56,140 --> 00:19:03,140
yuan, 16,

352
00:19:03,140 --> 00:19:11,140
yuan, 16,

353
00:19:11,140 --> 00:19:18,140
yuan, 16,

354
00:19:18,140 --> 00:19:28,140
yuan, 16,

355
00:19:28,140 --> 00:19:38,140
yuan, 16,

356
00:19:38,140 --> 00:19:48,140
yuan, 16,

357
00:19:48,140 --> 00:19:58,140
yuan, 16,

358
00:19:58,140 --> 00:20:08,140
yuan, 16,

359
00:20:08,140 --> 00:20:18,140
yuan, 16,

360
00:20:18,140 --> 00:20:28,140
yuan, 16,

361
00:20:28,140 --> 00:20:38,140
yuan, 16,

362
00:20:38,140 --> 00:20:48,140
yuan, 16,

363
00:20:48,140 --> 00:20:58,140
yuan, 16,

364
00:20:58,140 --> 00:21:08,140
yuan, 16,

365
00:21:08,140 --> 00:21:28,140
yuan, 16,

366
00:21:28,140 --> 00:21:38,140
yuan, 16,

367
00:21:38,140 --> 00:21:48,140
yuan, 16,

368
00:21:48,140 --> 00:21:58,140
yuan, 16,

369
00:21:58,140 --> 00:22:08,140
yuan, 16,