Foreign Service Institute CM 0185 S

A MODULAR APPROACH STUDENT TEXT MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE J UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS INQUIRIES CONCERNING THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS, INCLUDING REQUESTS FOR COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION DIVISION PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CA 939^0 TOPICS IN THE AREAS OF POLITICS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, MORES ETC., WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS CONTROVERSIAL FROM SOME POINTS OF VIEW ARE SOMETIMES INCLUDED IN THESE MATERIALS, SINCE STUDENTS MAY FIND THEMSELVES IN POSITIONS WHERE CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONVERSATIONS OR WRITTEN MATERIALS OF THIS NATURE WILL BE ESSENTIAL. THE PRESENCE OF CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENTS—WHETHER REAL OR APPARENT—IN THESE MATERIALS IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING THE OPINIONS OF THE WRITERS, OF THE DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OR OF ANY OF THE AGENCIES WHICH SUPPORTED THIS EFFORT. IN THIS PUBLICATION, THE WORDS "HE," "HIM," AND "HIS" DENOTE BOTH MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDERS. THIS STATEMENT DOES NOT APPLY TO TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTS.

STUDENT TEXT MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING AUGUST 1979

Standard. Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei. The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions. A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS). The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance. Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977» Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development. Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6. All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues. Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype. The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype. The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual. Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia. Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks.                                         _ James R. Frith, Chairman Qninese Core Curriculum Project Board

Preface MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION Objectives Map of Beijing Map of Taipei Target Lists UNIT 1 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes Using buses ’’When" "First," "last," "next," "previous" Duō, "to be many," and. shǎo, "to be few" Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation) Drills UNIT 2 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes The marker a and its variant ya The locational endings -shang and -li More on the marker ba The aspect marker ne "Then": j iù, zài, cái Drills UNIT 3 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes The prepositional verb bǎ Adverbs expressing manner Drills UNIT U Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes Choice questions with háishi More on topics and comments Compound verbs of result Drills UNIT 5 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes Distances Approximate numbers Ban, "one half" Drills UNIT 6 Reference List ................. ..... Vocabulary Reference Notes More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs) Compound verbs of direction More on new-situation le Drills UNIT 7 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes More on compound verbs of result "If" Vocabulary Booster (Animals) Drills UNIT 8 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes . "Why" and "because" Time NOT spent "All," "not all," "all...not" "Again": you, zài Drills MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING Objectives Target Lists UNIT 1 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes Making an appointment Gēn for "and" and gēn for "with" Three words for "time" The prepositional verb duì, "to," "towards," "facing" Comparisons: "more than" More on compound verbs of result Drills..........................155 UNIT 2 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes Making phone calls The aspect marker zài for ongoing action "Whatever," "whenever," "whoever," "wherever" Verbs and general objects Vocabulary Booster (Occupations) Drills UNIT 3 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes Extending an invitation "Not only...but also..." Comparisons: "equal to," "alike" "Anyone," "anything," "anyplace," "anytime" Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs "Furthermore" Drills UNIT 1 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes Meeting people More on completion le The prepositional verb xiàng, "facing" Duō and shǎo as adverbs Vocabulary Booster (Opposites) Drills UNIT 5 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes Taking and leaving messages Changing an appointment The prepositional verb bǎ Gang and gāngcái More on compound verbs of result Drills UNIT 6 Reference List Vocabulary Reference Notes Invitation to lunch Comparisons: "less than" "even more" Comparison overview Sentence patterns: "although" and "both...and..." Drills..........................235 UNIT T Reference List......................2U1 Vocabulary........................2^3 Reference Notes ...................... 2hU Arranging an introduction Using word order to express "the" and "a" Objects of reduplicated verbs Three-part motion verbs Verbs for "remember" and "forget" Drills UNIT 8 Reference List....................  . Vocabulary Reference Notes Declining invitations The prepositional verb tì, "in place of" More on compound verbs of result Comparison: něng, kéyi, huì Drills..........................266

The Meeting Module (MTG) will provide you with the skills needed to arrange meetings or social gatherings, to greet people, to make introductions, and to accept or decline invitations in Chinese. Before starting this module, you must take and pass the TRN Criterion Test. The MTG Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, hut material from ORN, BIO, MON, DIR, TRN, and associated resource modules is also included.

Upon successful completion of this module, the student should he able to 1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists. 2. Say any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists when cued with its English equivalent. 3. Make and respond to introductions with appropriate polite questions and answers. U. Make phone calls and leave messages. 5. Arrange a meeting (time and place) with someone hy talking with him or his secretary either in person or hy phone. 6. Request that the time of a meeting he changed. 7. Invite a person to lunch, deciding on the time and the restaurant. 8. Arrange a social gathering for a specific time of day, inviting guests to his home and encouraging them to accept the invitation. 9. Greet guests upon their arrival at his home. 10. Accept/decline a social/husiness invitation with the appropriate degree of politeness. 1. Wei, nl shi Zhū Kēzhang ma? Shi. Nín shi něiwèi? W3 shi Wēilián Mǎdīng. Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo jiǔ bú jièn. 2. W3 y8u diǎnr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tǎntan. 3. Nín y3u gōngfu meiyou? U. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? 5. Sāndiǎn bi liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr. Yīnwei w3 yìhuir chūqu, yěxǔ liangdian huíbulái. Name, w3 sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì děng nín. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 6. huídelǎi 7. k3ng(r) 8. loushàng 9. shāngliang 10. y3u kòng(r) Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū? Yes. Who is this, please? I’m William Martin. Oh, Mr. Martin— I haven’t seen you for a long time. I have something I would like to talk with you about in person. Do you have any free time? What time would suit you? Three would be more convenient than two. Since I’m going out in a little while, I might not be able to get back by two. Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three o’clock. to be able to get back in time free time, spare time upstairs to discuss, to talk over to have free time 1. Wei, Měidàsī. W3 shi Jiānádà Dàshiguānde Qiāozhì Dāfēi. W8 y8u yíjiàn shi xiāng gēn Wèng Kēzhang jiǎng-yijiǎng. 2. WÉng Kēzhāng xiànzài zài kāi huì. Deng tā kāiwèn huì w8 gàosong tā gēi ni hui diànhuà. 3. Hao, xièxie ni. Bú xiè. U. NÌ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wo méi shiJian gēn ni shuō huà. Mei guānxi. W8 gěi ni da diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tāntan. Nī míngtiān néng bu néng dào wo zhèr lái? Keyi. Míngtiān shēnme shíhou dōu kéyi. Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs. I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wāng. Section Chief Wáng is at a meeting now. When she is finished with the meeting, I will tell her to return your call. Fine. Thank you. Don’t mention it. When you called here, I didn’t have time to speak with you. It doesn’t matter. The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person. Can you come over here tomorrow? Yes. Any time tomorrow would be fine. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 6. guānxi 7. Jiang huà 8. lingshiguǎn 9. shìqing (yíjiàn) 10. sīzhang 11. you guānxi relation, relationship, connection to speak, to talk; a speech consulate matter, business, affair department chief to relate to, to have a bearing on, to matter 1. Wo xiǎng xiàge Xīngqīliù qīng nín dào women jiā lái chī ge biùnfàn. Nín hébì zhème kèqi? 2. Wo you yige Měiguo péngyou zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo shū. Hen xiSng gěi nīmen liangwèi Jièshao Jièshao. Na tài hao leI 3. Wo hen xīwang gěn ni péngyou tāntan. Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng. Búdàn shuōde bù hao, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng. U. Nī shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hao. 5. Wo méi qīng shénme rén; hen suíbiàn. Nà Jiù xiān xiè le. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 6. bù tong 7. chá 8. chī fan 9. dànshi 10. érqiě 11. fan 12. he 13. Jiāo shū I would like to invite you to come to our house for a simple meal on Saturday of next week. Why is it necessary to be so polite? I have an American friend who teaches at Taiwan University. I would very much like to introduce the two of you. That's wonderful’ I wish very much to talk with your friend. However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough. Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can't understand what I hear either. You speak as well as an American. I haven’t invited anyone special; it’s very informal. Well then, I'll thank you in advance. to be different tea to eat, to have a meal but furthermore, moreover (cooked) rice to drink to teach 1. He Jiàoshòu, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qǐng jin. Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi. 2. Wo zhīdao nín xǐhuan shānshuī huà. Tèhié qǐng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng. 3. Zhèiwèi shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiao shū. Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng. 1. Wo hái you hěn duō bù shōuxide dìfang yào xiàng nín qǐngjiào. Professor Hollins, welcome. Pie come in. Here is a small token of appreciation. I know you like landscape painting I asked a friend to paint one especially for you. This is Professor Hollins, who teaches at Taiwan University. Glad to meet you. There is still much I’m not famil with that I need to ask your advice about. 5. Xīwang yǐhòu y3u jīhui duō          I hope that in the future we will jiànmiàn.                            have an opportunity to meet mor ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 6. fāngfǎ method, way, means 7. fázi method, way 8. huàr painting (Beijing pronunciation) 9. qǐng zuo please sit down 10. shèhuìxué sociology 11. túshūguǎn library 12. zuò to sit 1. Wài. Wei, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo LÍn SIzhang shuō huà. Nín shi nǎr a? Wǒ shi Fǎguo Shāngwù Jīngjiguān. 2. Lin Sīzhǎng zhèihuǐr hú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma? 3. Wǒ bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr xiěxiàlái. H. Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài. 5. Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole Jīntiān dào nín bàngōngshì qu tántan. Yīnwei wǒ you yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suóyi bù néng Jīntiān qù. Gài dào míngtiān xíng bu xíng? Hello. Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with Department Chief Lin. Who is this? I am the French Commercial/Economics Officer. Department Chief LÍn is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave a message? I’ll write down your phone number. I’m sorry. When you called me Just now, I wasn’t in. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office today for a talk. Because I have an urgent business matter, I can’t go today. Would it be all right to change it Cthe appointment] to tomorrow? ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 6. háishi 7. wàiguo 8. wàiguo rén 9. wūzi (yìjiān) 10. yāo still foreign, abroad foreigner (non-Chinese) room one (telephone pronunciation) 1. Women dào Dōngmén Canting qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo bu hǎo? Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuǎde cài name hǎo. 2. Suírǎn bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí zhèli Jin. Hǎi you yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng Jin. 3. Tāmen nàlide cài fēichǎng hǎo. Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni dào nàli qù chī. Nà bù hǎo yìsi! U. Dàhuǎde cài you hǎo you piǎnyi. Yě you hǎoxiē cài biéde dìfang chībuzhǎo. 5. Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) Let’s go to the East Gate Restaurant to eat lunch. Okay? The food at the East Gate isn't as good as the food at the Great China. Even though it CEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us. There is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us. The food there is extremely good. Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat. I can't let you do that! (That would be too embarrassing!) The food at the Great China is both good and cheap. They also have a good many dishes that you can't find (at) other places. Any place you suggest is sure to be good. 6. bù yídìng not necessarily; it's not definite 7. kànfa opinion, view 8. wǎnfàn supper, dinner 9. xiǎngfa idea, opinion 10. yìxiē some, several, a few 11. zǎofàn breakfast 12. zuòfa way of doing things, method, practice 1. Wǒ you yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dating dating. Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le. 2. Bú cuò, Fang Deming shi shàngge lǐbài pài dào women zhèli laide. Zenme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma? 3. Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède. 1+. Nǐ néng bu néng màshàng dào wo bàngōngshì lai? Mei wèntí. Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtǒu jiù dào. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 5- jìde 6. rènde 7. renshi zì 8. wàng 9. wánquán 10. xiǎngqilai 11. zuǒyòu I have something I would like to ask you about. I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fang join you. I have forgotten his given name. That’s right. Fang Deming was sent over here last week. Why? Do you know him? I graduated from the University of California. Can you come to my office right away? No problem. I’ll be there in about half an hour. to remember to recognize, to know (alternate word for rènshi) to know how to read (literally, "to recognize characters") to forget (alternate word for wàngji, especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something) completely to think of, to remember approximately 1. Wài, zhèi shi Llbīnsī. Wei, wǒ shi Laidēng Dàshīde mìshū. 2. Dàshǐ jiēzháo nīmende qǐngtiě le. Hen kěxī yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè jiǔhào bù néng lai. Qīng ni zhuǎngào Qiao Bùzhǎng. Hen bàoqiàn. 3. Hen yíhàn, tā bù néng lai. Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià. 4. Xīwang yīhòu zài zhǎo jīhui jùyijù ba. 5. Zhēn bù qiǎo, méi bànfa qù. 6. Women you jige tǒngxué jìhua dào Chāngchéng qù wánr. Hello. This is the Protocol Department. Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary. The ambassador received your invitation. Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on August 9. Please inform Minister Qiao. I’m very sorry. We very much regret that he cannot come. I will pass on the message for you. I hope that later we will find another opportunity to get together. I really couldn’t make that; I have no way of going. A few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall for an outing. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 7. dàjiā 8. jiēdào 9. tǒngshì 10. yīnggāi everybody, everyone to receive (alternate form of jiēzháo) fellow worker, colleague should, ought to, must

(in Beijing) 1. B: Wěi. A: Wài, nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhang ma? B: Shi. Nín shi nǎiwèi? A: WS shi Wēilièn Mǎdlng. *B: Ou, Mǎdlng Xiānsheng, hǎo jiǔ bú jiān. Nī hǎo a? A: Hǎo. Nī hǎo a? 2. A: W5 you diǎnr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiǎn tāntan. 3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu meiyou. B: You gōngfu. H. A: Shēnme shíhou duì nín heshi? B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kěyi. 5. A: Jīntiān xiàwu liǎngdiǎn zhōng fāngbian ma? B: Sāndiǎn bl liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr. 6. B: Yīnwei wō yìhuīr chūqu, yexǔ liǎngdiǎn huíbulǎi. A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yǎ hǎo. Hello. Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū? Yes. Who is this, please? I’m William Martin. Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you for quite a while. How are you? Fine. How are you? I have something I would like to talk with you about in person. I don’t know whether you have the time or not. I have the time. What time would suit you? Either today or tomorrow would be fine. Would two o’clock today be convenient? Three would be more convenient than two. Since I’m going out in a little while, I might not be able to get back by two. Three is fine also. * The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape 7. B: Name, w3 sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì deng nín. A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn Jiàn. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 8. huídelǎi 9. kòng(r) 10. loushàng 11. shāngliang 12. yǎu k8ng(r) Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three o’clock. Fine. I’ll see you at three. to be able to get back in time free time, spare time upstairs to discuss, to talk over to have free time bl compared with, than dāngmiàn in person, face to face duì to, towards; with regard to, with respect to gongfu free time, spare time héshì to be suitable, to be appropriate to fit huíbulái to be unable to get back huídelái to be able to get back in time huìkèshì (huìkèshì) reception room kēzhang section chief kōng(r) free time, spare time loushàng upstairs lōuxià downstairs name well, then, in that case shāngliang to discuss, to talk over tan to chat, to talk about wéi hello (telephone greeting) yěxǔ perhaps, maybe yìhuìr a moment you gōngfu to have free time you kōng(r) to have free time (introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes) chūkou gōngsī export company huì kè to receive guests xiē several, some ySu yòng to be useful 1. B: Wei. Hello. A: Wài, ní shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma? Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū? B: Shi. Nín shi něiwèi? Yes. Who is this, please? A: Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng. I’m William Martin. B: Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you jiǔ bǔ jiàn. Nī hǎo a? for quite a while. How are you? A: Hǎo. Nī hǎo a? Fine. How are you? Notes on No. 1 Wei is a greeting used, in telephone conversations for "hello." Some speakers pronounce this greeting as wài. Unlike most Chinese words, wèi has no fixed tone. The intonation varies according to the speaker’s mood. Kēzhǎng: Ke means section, and Here are some examples of how -zhang, kē kēzhǎng chǔ chǔzhǎng xuéxiào xiàozhǎng zhǎng means head of an organization. "chief," "head," is used: section section chief division division chief school principal, headmaster Nín shi něiwèi? Note the use of the polite terms nín and něiwèi. In the English translation, politeness is expressed by the use of the more indirect "Who is this" instead of "Who are you" and also by "please." Hǎo jiǔ bú Jiàn, "I haven’t seen you for quite a while," is changeable with hǎo jiǔ měi jiàn. inter- 2. A: Wǒ you dianr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tǎntan. I have something I would like to talk with you about in person. Notes on No. 2 Gēn: In No. 2 the word gēn is a prepositional verb translated as "with." The preposition gēn, "with," differs from the conjunction gēn, "and," in two important ways: a) where stress may be placed b) where the negative may be placed. (a) When gēn is used as the conjunction "and," both items being joined are stressed and keep their tones. When gēn is used as the prepositional verb "with," a pronoun which follows is unstressed and loses its tone. Notice the contrasting tones on tā in the following sentences: Wǒ gēn tā dōu lai le. Both he and I came. Wǒ gēn ta lai.              I’ll come with him. (b) To make negative a sentence containing the conjunction gēn, "and," the negative is placed with the main verb. In sentences containing the prepositional verb gēn, "with," the negative precedes the prepositional verb. (You have seen this pattern with other prepositional verbs, for example, zài Csee BIO, Unit 2, notes on Nos. 8-113.) Notice the contrasting positions of the negatives in the examples below: Wǒ gēn tā dōu měiyou qù. Neither he nor I went. Wǒ měiyou gēn ta qù. I didn’t go with him. Dāngmiàn means "face-to-face." of," and miàn means "face." Literally, dāng means "in the presence 3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu I don’t know whether you have the meiyou.                         time or not. B: You gōngfu.                      I have the time. Note on No. 3 Gōngfu, "time," "free time," "leisure time," refers to a period of time during which a person is free, in the sense that his work may be interrupted. Now you know three words for "time": shíhou, shíjiān, gōngfu Shíhou may be used for either a point in time or Nī shénme shíhou zǒu? Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duō-shao shíhou? Shíjiān refers to any amount of time, free. Cong zhèr dào fēijīchāng yào duōshao shíjiān? Jīntiān měiyou shíjiān qù. an amount of time. When are you leaving? How long does it take to go by train? including the time when a person is How long does it take from here to the airport? There isn’t time to go today. Gōngfu, however, is used only for amounts of time which a person has available for his own use. Nī you méiyou gōngfu gēn wo tantan? Are you free to talk with me? 4. A: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi. What time would suit you? Either today or tomorrow would be fine. Notes on No, 4 Duì, "to," "towards," "with regard to," "with respect to," is a prepositional verb which originally meant "facing." In modern Chinese, its object introduces either the target of the action or the thing concerned. Contrast this with gěi, "for": the object introduced by gěi receives the benefit of the action. These generalizations may help you sort out some of the differences between duì and gěi. You might find it helpful to memorize some examples, as well. duì INTRODUCING THE TARGET OF THE ACTION ("to") Nīde huà shi duì shéi shuōde? To whom were you speaking? Tā duì wo hen kèqi.               He is very polite to me. Nī duì wo tài hǎo.                You are too good to me. duì INTRODUCING THE THING CONCERNED ("with regard to," "with respect to") Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?     What time suits you? Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? What time is convenient for you? Notice that the English is "for you" in the last example, but in Chinese you must say "What time is convenient with regard to you?" gěi INTRODUCING THE BENEFICIARY Wǒ gěi ta xiěle xìn le.          I wrote him a letter. Zhè shi yìzhāng shíkuàide,       Here's a ten-dollar bill. Please qīng ni gěi wo huànhuan.         change it for me. Qīng ni gěi wo xiě nīde dìzhī. Would you write down your address for me, please? Héshì is an adjectival verb meaning "to fit," "to suit," "to be suitable/appropriate." When trying on clothes in a store, you might say Zhèige bù héshì, "This doesn't fit." In another situation, héshì could be translated very freely as "best": Něitiān duì nín héshì? "What day would be best for you?" 5. A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn zhōng fāngbian ma? B: Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fáng-bian yìdiǎnr. Would two o’clock today be convenient? Three would be more convenient than two. Note on No. 5 Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr: Bǐ is a prepositional verb used to make comparisons between two things which are different.1 In translating, you may find it helpful to think of bǐ as the English "compared with" or "than."2 Notice that the bǐ phrase precedes the adjectival verb or another predicate in a sentence. Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr. (3 o’clock than compared with 2 o’clock more convenient) "Three is more convenient than two." Tā bǐ wo you gōngfu. (he than compared with I have free time) "He has more free time than I do." The two elements being compared may be nouns, pronouns, verb phrases, or even full sentences. Actually, all elements Joined by bǐ act as nouns, as seen in the English translations of the examples below. Zuò fēijī bǐ zuò huochē kuài. (ride plane than compared with ride train fast) "Going by plane is faster than going by train." Nǐ lai bi wǒ qù fāngbian. (you come than compared with I go convenient) "It’s more convenient for you to come than for me to go." 6. B: Yinwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yěxù Since I’m going out in a little liǎngdiǎn huíbulái.            while, I might not (he able to) get back by two. A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yǎ hǎo.          Three is fine also. Notes on No. 6 Yìhuǐr, "a little while": When r_ is added to a syllable ending in i_, the pronunciation changes to /er/. Yìhuǐr is actually pronounced yìhuěr. Sentence placement of time phrases: Wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu is translated as "I’m going out IN a little while."Contrast this with wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr, "I’m going out FOR a little while." Let’s review the placement of different kinds of time expressions in a Chinese sentence. If you want to say when something happens ("yesterday") or in how long something happens ("in two years"), you are using time phrases which in Chinese are considered to be POINTS IN TIME. Not only is a time phrase such as "two o’clock" a point in time, but a phrase such as "five days" can also be a point in time if the focus is on the end of this period of time. In English, this focus is expressed by "in five days," "by the end of five days," or "at the end of five days." In Chinese, you do not need to use words such as "in," "at," or "by" because the position of the time phrase in the sentence indicates the meaning. Time phrases which are considered points in time are placed BEFORE THE VERB. WHEN (a point in time) Wǒ zuōtiān kànjian ta le.      I saw him yesterday. Wǒ cóngqián láiguo zhèli.      I have been here before. Wǒ liǎngdiǎn zhōng huílai.     I’ll be back at two o’clock. Wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng huíbulái.      I can’t make it back by one o’clock. AT THE END OF/BY THE END OF (a period of time which is treated as a point in time because the focus is on the end point) Wǒ sāntiān Jiu zuòwán le. I finished doing it in (by the end of) three days. Wǒ wǔfēn zhōng Jiu zou.        I’m leaving in fat the end of) five minutes. Ni jítiān huilai?              In (at the end of) how many days will you come back? Ni duōJ iǔ kéyi xiěwán?         How long will it be before you can finish writing it? (by the end of how long) On the other hand, phrases which express CONTINUATION OF TIME have a different place in sentences. To express an amount of time which passes, put the time expression AFTER THE VERB. DURATION (the length of time something continues) Wǒ xiǎng gēn tā tán yìhuìr. I would like to talk with him for awhile. Tā zài Xiānggǎng zhùle yíge She stayed in Hong Kong for one week. xīngqī. TIME SINCE (the length of time which has passed since something happened) Tā sìle sānnián le.            He died three years ago. Wǒ zudwánle yíge zhòngtou le. It has been an hour since I finished. Because yìhuir follows the verb in wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr, it indicates the length of time which will pass after I go out (chūqu). Yìhuìr precedes the verb in wǒ yìhuìr chūqu, indicating when I will go out (”in a little while"). Yěxǔ literally means "perhaps." The word is often used where "may" or "might" tfould be appropriate in English. Yěxǔ liǎngdiān huíbulái, "I might not (be able to) get back by two": Notice that this expression liǎngdiān, in time-when position, before the verb, means "by" a certain time. Other time phrases in this position may also mean "by" a certain time. Huíbulái is another form of huílái, "to come back." Compound verbs of result may be split by the negative bu or the syllable de. Huílái may become either huídelái, "can come back"/3" or huíbulái, "can’t come back." These two forms are called the potential forms of the verb; that is, the meaning "can/be able to" or "cannot/unable to" becomes part of the meaning of the compound. The following are examples of compound verbs of result and their potential forms. huílái to come back huídelái able to come back huíbulái not able to come back kànjian to see kàndejiàn able to see kànbujiàn not able to see láidejí able to make it on time láibují3 not able to make it on time zuòwán zuòdewán zuòbuwan to finish doing able to finished doing, able to be completed not able to finish doing, not able to be completed Compound verbs of direction may also occur in the potential form: nábushànglái can’t carry up Lto where you are] (i.e., because something is too heavy or bulky) kāideshǎngqu can drive up Caway from you! (i.e., it is not too steep) kāidechūlāi can drive out (i.e., the parking place is not too tight) nǎbuxiàlāi can’t get CitJ down (i.e., because it is too high, bolted on, etc.) zǒudexiàqu can walk down (i.e., because it is not too far or too steep) Notice that the last syllables of these compound verbs (except for toneless qu) have full tones when they occur with -de- and -bu-. J. B: Name, wo sāndiǎn zhōng zài Well then, I’ll wait for you in the lóuxiàde huìkèshì děng nín. reception room downstairs at three o’clock. A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn jiàn.              Fine. I’ll see you at three. Notes on No. 7 Word order: The first sentence of exchange 7 illustrates the rule TIME—PLACE—ACTION. Huìkèshì is also pronounced huìkèshì. 8. huídelái to be able to get back in time 9- kòng(r) free time, spare time 10. loushàng upstairs 11. shāngliang to discuss, to talk over 12. you kòng(r) to have free time Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary Here are some sentences illustrating the use of these vocabulary items: Ni sāndiǎn zhōng huídelái Can you make it back by three o’clock? huíbulái? Loushàng hái ySu rén?          Are there still people upstairs? Wǒ xiǎng he nǐ shāngliang I would like to talk over a matter yíjiàn shi.                     with you. Nǐ Jīntiān xiàwǔ you kòngr Do you have time this afternoon? ma? A. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ you dian shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tantan. (cue) Zhang Kēzhang (I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.) 2. WǑ you diǎn shi xiang gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan. tā 3. Wo you diǎn shi xiang gēn tā dāngmiàn tántan. Wèi Wuguān U. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiang gēn Wèi Wuguān dāngmiàn tántan. Wáng Shàoxiào 5. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan. LÍn Xiānsheng 6. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Lin Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan. Lift Kēzhǎng 7. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan. You: Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan. (I have something I would like to talk with Section Chief Zhāng about in person.) Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn tā dāngmiàn tántan. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wèi Wuguān tántan. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn LÍn Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan. B. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Nín míngtiān lái ma? (Are you coming tomorrow?) OR Tā zǒu le ma? (Has he gone?) You: Bù zhīdào nín míngtiān lái bu lái. (I don’t know whether you are coming tomorrow or not.) Bù zhīdào tā zǒu le meiyou. (I don’t know whether he has gone or not.) 2. Nín you gōngfu ma? Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu meiyou. 3. Tā zuotiān qù le ma? Bù zhīdào tā zuotiān qù le meiyou U. Tā you qiān ma? Bù zhīdào tā you qiān meiyou. 5. Tā hāi yào ma? Bù zhīdào tā hāi yào bu yào. 6. Tā mǎi le ma? Bù zhīdào tā mǎi le meiyou. C. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? (cue) sāndiǎn (What time would suit you?) 2. Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīèr 3. Zài jīlóu duì nín héshì? wǔlōu U. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān 5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? zǎoshang 6. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? wǎnshang 7. Jǐdiǎn duì nín héshì? shídiǎn You: Sāndiǎn duì nín héshì ma? (Would three o’clock suit you?) Xīngqīèr duì nín héshì ma? Zài wǔlou duì nín héshì ma? Míngtiān duì nín héshì ma? Zǎoshang duì nín héshì ma? Wǎnshang duì nín héshì ma? Shídiǎn duì nín héshì ma? D. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? (cue) jīntiān (What time would suit you?) 2. Jīdiān duì nín héshì? sāndiān 3. Xīngqījī duì nín héshì? Xīngqīyī U. Jīhào duì nín héshì? sìhào 5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? shàngwǔ 6. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān 7. Xīngqījī duì nín héshì? Xīngqīliù You; Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi (Either today or tomorrow would be fine.) Sāndiān, sìdiān dōu kéyi. Xīngqīyī, Xīngqīèr dōu kéyi. Sìhào, wǔhào dōu kéyi. Shàngwǔ, xiàwǔ dōu kéyi. Míngtiān, hòutiān dōu kéyi. Xīngqīliù, Xīngqītiān dōu kéyi. E. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Shénme dìfang duì nín fāngbian? (cue) léushàng (What place would be convenient for you?) 2. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? sāndiān 3. Jīhào duì nín fāngbian? liùhào U. Něitiān duì nín fāngbian? míngtiān 5. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? shàngwǔ You: Loushàng duì nín fāngbian, háishi léuxià duì nín fāngbian? (Would upstairs or downstairs be more convenient for you?) Sāndiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi sìdiān duì nín fāngbian? Liùhào duì nín fāngbian, háishi qíhào duì nín fāngbian? Míngtiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi hòutiān duì nín fāngbian? Shàngwǔ duì nín fāngbian, háishi xiàwǔ duì nín fāngbian? 6. Xīngqījī duì nín fangbian? Xīngqīsān 7. Jīdiǎn duì nín fāngbian? Jiùdiǎn F. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Sāndiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎn. (cue) sìdiǎn (Three o’clock is a little more convenient.) 2. Sānhào fāngbian yìdiǎn. wuhào 3. Loushàng fāngbian yìdiǎn. lǒuxià U. Tāde qiǎn duo yìdiǎn.    wǒde 5. Tā qù hǎo yìdiǎn.    wǒ qù 6. Tā dà yìdiǎn. wǒ 7. Zhèige dà yìdiǎn.    nèige G. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Tā shuōde kuài yìdiǎn. (He speaks a little fast.) 2. Tā lǎide zǎo yìdiǎn. 3. Tā zoude wǎn yìdiǎn. k.  Tā zuōde hǎo yìdiǎn. 5.  Tā mǎide shǎo yìdiǎn. Xingqīsān duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi Xīngqīsì duì nín fāngbian? Jiùdiǎn duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi shídiǎn duì nín fāngbian? You:' Sāndiǎn bī sìdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎn. (Three o’clock is a little more convenient than four o’clock.) Sānhào bī wuhào fāngbian yìdiǎn. Lōushàng bī lōuxià fāngbian yìdiǎn. Tāde qiǎn bī wǒde duo yìdiǎn. Tā qù bī wo qù hǎo yìdiǎn. Tā bī wǒ dà yìdiǎn. Zhèige bī nèige dà yìdiǎn. You: Tā shuōde bī wǒ kuài yìdiǎn. (He speaks a little faster than I do.) Tā lǎide bī wǒ zǎo yìdiǎn. Tā zoude bī wǒ wǎn yìdiǎn. Tā zuòde bī wǒ hǎo yìdiǎn. Tā mǎide bī wǒ shǎo yìdiǎn. 6. Tā màide duō yìdiǎn. Tā màide bi wǒ duō yìdiǎn. 7. Tā xuéde màn yìdiǎn. Tā xuéde bi wǒ màn yìdiǎn. H. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Nǐ shénme shíhou chūqu? (What time are you going out?) OR Nǐ chūqu duō jiu? (For how long are you going out?) 2. Ni shénme shíhou chūlai? 3. Ni qù duō jiu? U.  Tā shénme shíhou lai? 5.  Tā kàn duó jiu? 6.  Ni shénme shíhou zǒu? You: Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù chūqu. (I’m going out in Just a little while.) Wǒ Jiù chūqu yìhuir. (I’m Just going out for a little while.) Wǒ yìhuir jiù chūlai. Wo jiù qù yìhuir. Tā yìhuir jiù lái. Tā Jiù kǎn yìhuir. Wǒ yìhuir Jiù zǒu. I. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Zhāng Xiānsheng míngtiān huídelái huíbulái? (Will Mr. Zhāng be able to come back tomorrow?) 2. Wang Nushì Xíngqīsì huídelái huíbulái? 3. Li Tōngzhì shíyīdiǎn huídelái huíbulái? 4. LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshihào huídelái huíbulái? 5. Wèi Shàoxiào zhèige yuè huídelái huíbulái? You: Zhāng Xiānsheng hòutiān cái huílai. (Mr. Zhāng won’t be able to come back until day after tomorrow.) Wáng Nushì XÍngqīwǔ cái huílai. Li Tōngzhì shíèrdiǎn cái huílai. LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshiyīhào cái huílai Wèi Shàoxiào xiàge yuè cái huílai 6. Yáng Xiānsheng zaoshang huídelái Yang Xiānsheng wǎnshang cái huílái. huíbulái? 7. Zhào Tǒngzhì jīntiān huídelái Zhao Tǒngzhì míngtiān cái huílái. huíbulái? J. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Name, wǒ zài zhèr děng nín. (cue) in a moment (in that case, I’ll wait for you here.) 2. Name, wǒ zài lǒuxià deng ta. for a moment 3. Name, wǒ zài lǒushàng děng ta. at one o’clock U. Name, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín. for ten minutes 5. Nàme, wǒ zài tā jiā děng nín. in a moment 6. Nàme, wǒ zài xiāomàibù děng nín. for five minutes 7. Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta. for a moment You: Nàme, wǒ yìhuīr zài zhèr děng nín. (In that case, in a moment I’11 wait for you here.) Nàme, wǒ zài lǒuxià děng ta yìhuīr. Nàme, wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng zài lǒushàng děng ta. Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín shífēn zhōng. Nàme, wǒ yìhuīr zài tā jiā děng nín Nàme, wǒ zài xiǎcmàibù děng nín wǔfēn zhōng. Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta yìhuīr. (in Beijing) 1. C: Wei, Meidàsī. A: Wo shi Jiānǎdà Dàshiguǎnde Qiǎozhì Dǎfēi. Wo you yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn Wǎng Kēzhǎng jiǎngyijiang. 2. C: Ou, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì. C: Deng tā kāiwān huì wǒ gàosong tā gēi ni hui diànhuà. 3. A: Hǎo, xièxie ni. C: Bú xiè. U. B: Duìbuqī, Jīntiān zǎoshang ni dǎ diànhuà laide shíhou wǒ zài kāi huì, mēi shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà. A: Mēi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào ni hen mǎng. 5. A: Wǒ gēi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tǎntan. B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a? 6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma? B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. 7. A: Zài nǎr jiàn ne? B: Liǎngdiǎn zhōng qīng ni dào wǒ zhèr lǎi, xíng bu xíng? A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn zhōng Jiàn. Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs. I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wǎng. Oh, she is at a meeting now. When she is finished with the meeting, I will tell her to return your call. Fine. Thank you. Don’t mention it. I’m sorry. When you called here this morning, I was in a meeting and didn’t have time to speak with you. It doesn’t matter. I know you are very busy. The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person. All right. When? Would tomorrow be all right for you? Any time tomorrow afternoon would be fine. Where shall we meet? Please come over here at two o’clock. All right? Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 8. guānxi relation, relationship, connection 9. Jiang huà to speak, to talk; a speech 10. língshiguan consulate 11. shìqing (yíjiàn) matter, business, affair 12. sizhang department chief 13. you guānxi to relate to, to have a bearing on to matter bū xiè don’t mention it dàshi guan diànhuà embassy telephone, phone call guānxi relation, relationship, connection -jiàn (counter for matters, business, affairs) Jiang to discuss (something), to talk about (something) Jiang huà to speak, to talk; a speech kāi huì kāiwān huì to attend a meeting to finish a meeting līngshiguǎn consulate Měidàsī Department of American and Oceanic Affairs méi guānxi mùdi it doesn’t matter reason, objective, purpose shi (yíjiàn) shìqing (yíjiàn) shuō huà sīzhang matter, business, affair matter, business, affair to speak department chief you guānxi to relate, to have a bearing on, to matter zài in the midst of (marker of ongoing action) (introduced, on C-2 and P-2 tapes) chī dàxuéshēng diànhuà hàomǎ dù jià hòulái lāodòng Qíngbàosī to eat college student telephone number to spend one’s vacation later to do manual labor Intelligence Bureau (part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC shēnghuó tóngyì life to agree 1. C: Wèi, Měidàsī. A: Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshíguǎnde Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wo you yíjiàn shi xiang gēn Wáng Kēzhǎng JiǎngyiJiǎng. Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs. I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wáng. Notes on No. 1 Měidàsī: In Chinese, abbreviations are made up of one syllable from each word in a term. In Měidàsī, měi stands for Měizhōu, ’’American continent.” Dà stands for Dàyángzhōu, ’’Oceania” (the islands of the South Central Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand). The ending sī means ’’department." It is used only within organizations on the national level. Dàshiguǎn: The word guǎn means ' fànguǎn, an establishment where food the use of guǎn. dàshǐ dàshiguǎn līngshì língshiguan zhǎnlǎn zhǎnlǎnguǎn Notice that the shi in dàshiguǎn and tones. 'building” or ’’establishment," as in is sold. The examples below illustrate ambassador embassy consul consulate exhibit exhibition hall .e shì in lǐngshiguǎn lose their Yíjiàn shi: The counter -Jiàn in this expression is also the counter for luggage. Yíjiàn shi literally means "a piece of business." Jiang and Jiang huà: The English word "speak," meaning the activity in general, must be translated into Chinese with a verb and its GENERAL OBJECT: Jiǎng huà In other uses, the verb "to speak," Jiǎng, may be followed by a specific object or a phrase showing duration, or it may be changed into a multisyllabic verb, such as Jiǎngyijiǎng. Other verbs which are used the same way are shuō huà, xiě zi, and niàn shū. Tā zài Jiǎng Zhōngguode        He is talking about Chinese affairs, shìqing. Tā yījīng Jiǎngle bù shǎo. He has already said a lot. Tāde Jiǎng huà hen you yìsi. His talk was very interesting. Jiǎng is not used to say that someone said something. Instead, shuō is used. Tā shuō tā bù néng lái.        He said he could not come. 2. C: Ou, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì. Oh, she is at a meeting now. C: Deng tā kāiwán huì wǒ gàosong When she is finished with the meet-tā gěi ni hui diànhuà.         ing, I will tell her to return your call. Notes on No. 2 To make ongoing-action sentences negative, use bù. zài, use shi bu shi zài zài...ma, or zài bu zai. To form a question with Zài is the aspect marker for ongoing actions. It indicates that the action is in progress. The corresponding verb in the English translation usually ends in -ing. Zài is used only with verbs which express actual dynamic action. State and process verbs may not be used with zài. Many action verbs may be used with zài, but some do not have enough "action" to be used (e.g., "sitting"). Tā láide shíhou, nǐ zài When he came, you were studying. niàn shu. Tāmen zài kàn diànyǐng. They are watching a movie. Tāmen zài hē kāfēi. They are drinking coffee. Tāmen zài shàng kè. They are having class. Zài is placed in front of the verb , unlike other aspect markers, such as le, guo, and de. Xuésheng zài shàng kè ma? Tāmen bú zài shàng kè, yǐjīng zǒu le. Tā láide shíhou, nǐ shi bu shi zài niàn shū? Bù, bú zài niàn shū, yǐjīng wánr qu le. Tā zài bu zai kàn diànshì? Are the students having class? They are not having class. They have already left. Weren’t you studying when he came over? No, I wasn’t studying. I had already gone out to play. Is he watching television? The aspect marker zài and the aspect marker ne often occur in the same sentence, indicating absence of change. Tā zài kàn bào ne.              She is reading the paper. Sometimes ne is used without zài. Tā kàn bào ne.                  She is reading the paper. Deng, literally "to wait": In the second sentence of No. 2, the verb děng is used at the beginning of a phrase to mean "when." Deng may be used with de shíhou, "when," in the same phrase. Often, the second part of a sentence beginning with děng will contain an adverb meaning "then"—Jiù, zài, or cái. Děng nǐ kànwán bàozhǐ, women chūqu. mǎi cài. Xue Yīngwén nan bu nan? Děng nǐ xuéde shíhou jiù zhīdao le. When you have finished the paper, we will go out to buy groceries. Is it hard to learn English? When you study it, then you’ll know. Ni bu shi you yijiàn shi yao Don’t you have something you want gàosong wǒ ma?                 to tell me? Děng chīwán fan zài shuō. Wait until we finish eating; then we’ll talk about it. The translation of děng as ’’wait until," in the last example above, might suggest that the word is used only in used in past contexts: Zuǒtiān tā měiyou he ni yìqǐ.qù kàn diànyīng ma? Meiyou. Děng tā huílaide shíhou dōu shíyīdiān le. Zuotiān tā bādiǎn zhōng cái hui jiā. Děng tā hui Jiā women cái zuò fan, nǐ xiǎng jīdiǎn cái chī fan.’ future contexts. But děng is also Didn’t he go out with you to a movie last night? No. It was already eleven o’clock when he got home. Yesterday he didn’t get home until eight o’clock. We didn’t fix dinner until he got home; so imagine what time it was when we ate! Kāi huì, "to meet," "to hold a meeting," is an example of a verb and its general object. Kāiwán, "finish holding Lthe meeting]": Wán is the verb "to finish." It is used as an ending in a compound verb of result in No. 2.4 Wán expresses the idea of "over," "up," as in "Class is over," "All the paper has been used up." But be careful: wán is not used as a main verb when an object follows the verb. Instead of saying "finish this," using wán by itself, you would say bā zhèige chǐwán, "finish eating this"; bǎ zhèige zuòwán, "finish doing this"; or bǎ zhèige kànwán, "finish reading this." Wan may sometimes be used as a main verb when there is no object, as in Diànyǐng wán le, "The movie is finished." But far more often wán occurs as an ending which indicates result. Diànhuà (literally, "electric speech") may mean either "telephone" or "telephone call." Hui diànhuà, "to return a phone call," "to call back": You have learned the verb hui, "to return," as in Nǐ shenme shíhou huíqu? "When are you going back?" In No. 2, hui takes a direct object, diànhuà. Compare hui diànhuà with da diànhuà, "to make a phone call," which is found in exchange U. Gěi ni huí diànhuà, "call you 'back": You have learned the prepositional verb gěi, meaning "for Cthe benefit of]." In gěi ni huí diànhuà, gěi is translated as "to." Because there are two meanings for gěi, occasionally a sentence may be ambiguous. For example, Wǒ gěi ta jìqule liǎngbāo cháyè means either "I sent two packages of tea to him" or "I mailed out two packages of tea for him." Duì is also translated as "to." Duì introduces the target; gěi introduces the receiver. In other words, duì expresses the intended direction but does not necessarily imply that the target is reached. Gěi usually implies receiving, as you might expect, since it means "give" as a full verb. You use gěi to indicate the receiver when you say gěi ta da diànhuà gěi ta xiě yìfēng xìn gěi ta mǎile yige fángzi telephone her write her a letter bought her a house But, to indicate the target, you say duì ta hao duì ta kěqi duì ta shēngqì be nice to her be polite to him get angry at her Notice that duì is used especially to indicate the target of feelings and attitudes, while gěi is used with actions such as calling, mailing, and sending. Fine. Thank you. Don’t mention it. 3. A: Hao, xièxie ni. C: Bú xiè. Note on No. 3 Bú xiě is an idiom meaning something like "don’t thank Cmel." (Literally, "Don’t thank me" would be Bié xiě wǒ.) H. B: Duìbuqǐ, jīntiān zǎoshang nǐ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou w3 zài kāi huì, mei shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà. A: Mēi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào nǐ hen máng. I’m sorry. When you called here this morning, I was in a meeting and didn’t have time to speak with you. It doesn’t matter. I know you are very "busy. Notes on No. U Dǎ diànhuà means "to make a phone call. ’’ (Literally, dǎ means "to hit.") Wǒ zuotiān wǎnshang gēi Mǎ I called Mrs. Mǎ last night. Tàitai dǎle yige diànhuà. Wǒ dǎ liǎngge diànhuà jiù I'll be right there after I make lai.                            a couple of phone calls. Shuō huà, "to speak," is a verb with a general object—literally, "speak words." Verb + general object is often translated into English by a verb alone: niàn shū, "to study"; kāi chē, "to drive." Mei guānxi: Other translations for this very useful expression are "that’s okay," "don't worry about it," "it doesn’t make any difference." Literally, mēi guānxi would be translated as "there isn't any connection." 5. A: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan. B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a? The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person. All right. When? Note on No. 5 Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi...: In English, the word "reason," or "purpose," begins the phrase, with the modifying clause following. In Chinese, everything modifying "the purpose" precedes mùdi. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuà -de mùdi shi .... (The reason why I called you is . . . .) Mùdi, "purpose," "aim," "objective": Although translated idiomatically as "reason" in exchange 5, mùdi does not really mean "reason"/"cause." The English terms should be translated as yuányǐn: wǒ láiwǎnde yuányǐn, "the reason I came late" 6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma? B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. Would tomorrow be all right for you? Any time tomorrow afternoon would be fine. Note on No. 6 Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi, ’’anytime is okay’’ (more literally, "whatCeverl time, all is okay”), illustrates a pattern for expressing the idea of "any" in Chinese: a question word, such as shéi, shénme, nār, and něitiān, followed by dōu, "all." Shéi dōu néng qù.               Anyone can go. Nǎr dōu kéyi.                   Anyplace will do. Shénme dōu kéyi. Něitiān dōu hāo. Anything will do. Any day is good. Zěnme zuò dōu hāo. Any way (you) do it is fine. The ideas of "nobody," "nowhere," "nothing," and "none" are expressed by adding bù or méi after dōu in the pattern above. Shéi dōu bú yào zōu.           Nobody wants to leave. Nār dōu bu duì.                 No place is right. Zěnme dōu bù xíng.             No way will do. Shénme dōu méiyou.             There is nothing. The "any/no" expression need not be the subject of a sentence; it may also be the object. Even if the expression is the direct object, it must precede the verb. Tā shéi dōu xīhuan.            He likes anyone/everyone. Wǒ nār dōu bu qù.               I won’t go anywhere. Nèige shāngdiàn shénme dōu That store sells everything, mài. Tā něige dōu bù xìhuan.        He doesn’t like either/any of them. (As objects, many of these expressions must be translated as "every....") An "any/no" expression may also be the object of a prepositional verb. Wǒ gēn shéi dōu méi shuō huà. I didn’t speak with anyone. 7. A: Zài nǎr Jiàn ne? B: Liangdiǎn zhōng qǐng ni dào wǒ zhèr lái, xíng bu xíng? A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn zhōng jiàn. Where shall we meet? Please come over here at two o’clock. All right? Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock. Notes on No. 7 Dào wǒ zhèr lái means, literally, "come over to the place where I am." While plurals such as women zhèr and nlmen nàr often refer to institutions, the singular wǒ zhèr, nǐ nàr, and tā nàr usually refer to any place where a person might be. In an office shared by two people, for instance, you could say Wǒ zhèr meiyou Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn; nín nàr you méiyou? "I don’t have an English-Chinese dictionary over here; do you have one over there?" Dào, like zài, is a verb which requires a place word as its object. Sentences like "Come over here to me" and "Go over there to Mr. Wáng" must be translated as Dào wǒ zhèr lái and Dào Wáng Xiānsheng nar qù. Zhèr and nàr make wǒ and Wáng Xiānsheng parts of place-word phrases. 8. guānxi relation, relationship, connection 9- Jiǎng huà to speak, to talk; a speech 10. lìngshiguǎn consulate 11. shìqing (yíjiàn) matter, business, affair 12. sīzhǎng department chief 13. you guānxi to relate to, to have a bearing on, to matter Note on Additional Required Vocabulary You guānxi: To talk about the relationship of two things, use ...gēn...you guānxi or ...he...you guānxi. Lǐngshiguǎn he dàshiguǎn What is the relationship between you shénmeyàngde guānxi? the consulate and the embassy? Occupations accountant actor, actress architect athlete author, writer barher blue-collar worker builder businessman carpenter chemical engineer civil engineer civil servant composer cook customs official diplomat doctor (newspaper) editor electrical engineer electrician employee, clerk, attendant farmer, peasant fisherman gardener governess government minister housewife lawyer manager mayor mechanic mechanical engineer movie star musician kuàijìshī yǎnyuán jiànzhùshī yùndòngyuán zuōj iā līfàshī, lǐfàde gōngrén yíngzàoshāng shāngrén mùjiang, mùgōng huàxué gōngchéngshī tǔmù gōngchéngshī gōngwùyuán zuòqǔj iā chúshī hǎiguān guānyuán wàij iāoguān dàifu, yīshēng biānji diànjǐ gōngchéngshī diàngōng fúwùyuán nongmín yumín yuándīng, huājiàng bǎomǔ bùzhǎng Jiātíng zhǔfù, jiātíng fùnu lushī J īnglī shizhang jīxièshī, jīxièyuán jīxiè gōngchéngshī diànyīng míngxīng yīnyuèj iā nuclear engineer nurse office staff worker (Chinese) opera performer painter (artist) pharmacist pilot policeman postman professor reporter sailor salesman secretary servant shoemaker shoe repairman store clerk, salesperson teacher typist (star) vocalist waiter, waitress hézǐ gōngchéngshī hùshi zhíyuán Jīngjù yǎnyuán huàjiā yàojìshī fēixíngyuán jǐngchá yóudìyuán jiàoshòu Jìzhě hǎiyuán, shuǐshǒu, chuányuán tuīxiāoyuán mìshū yòngren xiéjiàngshīfu xiūxiéde shòuhuòyuán j iàoyuán dazìyuán gēxīng fàndiàn fúwùyuán A. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (cue) dǎ diànhuà (He is at a meeting now.) 2. Tā xiànzài zài dā diànhuà. děng ni 3. Tā xiànzài zài děng ni. gēn Wang Xiānsheng shuō huà U. Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà. gōngzuò 5. Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò. J iǎng huà 6. Tā xiànzài zài Jiang huà. huàn qián 7. Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián. You: Tā xiànzài zài da diànhuà. (He is making a phone call now.) Tā xiànzài zài děng ni. Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà. Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò. Tā xiànzài zài Jiang huà. Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián. B. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (cue) yìhuǐr (He is at a meeting now.) 2. Wáng Tōngzhì xiànzài zài Jiang huà. xiàwǔ 3. Zhāng Tōngzhì xiànzài zài xué Zhōngguo huà. shàngwǔ U. Mǎ Kēzhǎng xiànzài zài dǎ diànhuà. míngtiān You: Yìhuǐr qǐng tā gěi wǒ huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo? (In a little while please ask him to call me back. All right?) Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo? Shàngwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo? Míngtiān qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu haō? 5. Wang Tōngzhì xiànzài zài gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jiǎnghuà. yìhuǐr 6. Lǐ Nushì xiànzài zài gēn Wang Dàshī kāi huì. jīntiān 7. Zhū Tōngzhì xiànzài zài xuē Zhōngwén. xiàwǔ Yìhuǐr qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo hu hǎo? Jīntiān qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo? Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo? C. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tantan. (I would like to talk with you in person.) 2. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni yíjiàn shi. 3. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni Jǐdiǎn zhōng you gōngfu. U. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan. 5. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shi. 6. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng you gōngfu meiyou. 7. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan. You: Wǒ gěi ni dS diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan. (The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.) Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni yíjiàn shi. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni jǐdiǎn zhōng you gōngfu. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shi. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng you gōngfu meiyou. Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan. D. Substitution Drill You: Shéi dōu kéyi. (Anyone would be fine.) 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (cue) shéi (Any time would be fine.) 2. Shéi dōu kéyi.    nǎr               Nǎr dōu kéyi. 3. Nǎr dōu kéyi.     něige             Něige dōu kéyi. U.  Něige dōu kéyi.   shénme dìfang     Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi. 5. Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.             Duōshao dōu kéyi. duōshao 6. Duōshao dōu kéyi. dué jiǔ        Dué jiǔ dōu kéyi. 7. Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi. E. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (cue) any length of time (Any time would be fine.) 2. Jīdiǎn zhōng dōu kéyi. any number of hours 3. Něitiān dōu kéyi. any number of days 4. Něiniǎn dōu kéyi. any number of years 5. Xīngqījī dōu kéyi. any number of weeks 6. Jīhào dōu kéyi. any number of days 7. Jīyuè dōu kéyi. any number of months You: Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi. (Any length of time would be fine.) Jīge zhōngtou dōu kéyi. Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi. Jīniǎn dōu kéyi. Jīge xīngqī dōu kéyi. Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi. Jīge yuè dōu kéyi. F. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Women míngtiān zài zhèr jiàn ne, hǎishi zài nàr Jiàn ne? (cue) nǎr (Shall we meet here or there tomorrow?) 2. Wōmen zuò huochē qù ne, haishi zuò fēijī qù ne? zǎnme 3. Women míngtiān Jiùdiǎn zhōng Jiàn ne, hǎishi shidiǎn zhōng Jiàn ne? jǐdiǎn zhōng U. Women zuò qìchē qù ne, hǎishi zuò huōchē qù ne? shenme chē 5. Women míngtiān qù ne, hǎishi hòutiān qù ne? nǎitiān 6. Women Xīngqīyī qù ne, hǎishi Xīngqīèr qù ne? xlngqījī 7. Women zuò fēijī qù ne, hǎishi zuò huōchē qù ne? zenme You: Zài nǎr Jiàn dōu kǎyi. (Anywhere would be fine.) Zenme qù dōu keyi. Jidiǎn zhōng Jiàn dōu kǎyi. Shenme chē dōu kǎyi. Nǎitiān qù dōu kǎyi. XīngqīJÍ qù dōu kǎyi. Zenme qù dōu kǎyi. G. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Shǎi lǎi? (Who is coming?) 2. Shǎnme dìfang bù hǎo? 3. Neige dìfang kǎyi? U. Shǎi bú hui? 5. Nǎr hǎo? 6. Tā shǎnme shíhou nǎng qù? 7. Ni nǎitiān bù mǎng? You: Shǎi dōu lǎi. (Everyone is coming.) Shǎnme dìfang dōu bù hǎo. Nǎige dìfang dōu kǎyi. Shǎi dōu bú hui. Nǎr dōu hǎo. Tā shǎnme shíhou dōu nǎng qù Wo nǎitiān dōu bù mǎng. H. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Ní qù nǎr? (Where are you going?) 2. Ni dào nǎr qù? 3. Tā qù shénme dìfang? U. Tā dào shénme dìfang qù? 5. Ni mǎi nǎige? 6. Ni kàn něibǎn? 7. Nī zuò shénme? You: Wō nǎr dōu qù. (I'm going everywhere.) Wō nǎr dōu qù. Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù. Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù. Wō nǎige dōu mǎi. Wo nǎibǎn dōu kàn. Wō shénme dōu zuō. I. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Shéi lǎi? (cue) everyone (Who is coming?) 2. Shéi kéyi? anyone will do 3. Shéi lǎi? no one U. Nì mǎi nǎige?    all of them 5. Ní dào nǎr qù?   nowhere at all 6. Nǎige hǎo? all of them 7. Shéi huì shuō Zhōngguo huà? everyone You: Shéi dōu lǎi. (Everyone is coming.) Shéi dōu kéyi. Shéi dōu bù lǎi. Wō nǎige dōu mǎi. Wō nǎr dōu bú qù. Nǎige dōu hǎo. Shéi dōu huì shuō Zhōngguo huà

(in Taipei) 1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma? A: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn. 2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi? A: Bú shi kèqi. A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cóng Měiguo lǎi. A: Tā xiànzài zài Tǎiwān Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué. A: Wǒ hen xiǎng gěi nīmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao. 3. B: Nà tài hǎo le! B: Hen xīwang gēn ta tǎntan. B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng. B: Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng. U. A: Nǎli, nǎli. A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hǎo. 5. 5A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiǎn bàn duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian? B: Fāngbian, fāngbian. 6. A: Wǒ méi qīng shénme rén. Hen suíbiàn. B: Nà Jiù xiān xiè le. Section Chief Huang, are you free Saturday of next week? I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a simple meal. Why is it necessary to be so polite? It’s not politeness. I have a friend who has Just come from America. She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now. I would very much like to introduce the two of you. That's wonderful! I wish very much to talk with her. However, I'm afraid that my English isn’t good enough. Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can't understand what I hear either. Not at all, not at all. You speak as well as an American. How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you? That would be fine. I haven't invited anyone special. It's very informal. Well then, I'll thank you in advance. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C-l and P-1 tapes) 7. bù tong to be different 8. chá tea 9. chī fan to eat, to have a meal 10. dànshi but 11. 4*     • W erqie furthermore, moreover 12. fan (cooked) rice 13. hē to drink I'l. Jiāo shū to teach

biànfàn būdàn.. .yé búguò bù tong a simple, informal meal not only...but also however, but to be different chá chi fan tea to eat, to have a meal dànshi but érqiě furthermore, moreover fan (cooked) rice he hébì to drink why is it necessary (to) Jiāo shū jièshao to teach to introduce kōngpà to be afraid that (something is or is not the case) suíbiàn to be informal/casual; as you like as you wish, whatever suits you, ’’according to convenience” tài hǎo le! tīngbudǒng tīngdedǒng wonderful! cannot understand can understand xīwàng (xīwang) to hope, to wish to yíyàng you shíhou (you shihou) to be alike/equal sometimes (introduced on C-2 tape) cānjiǎ dǎ (ge) diànhuà hǎo de duō ting diànhuà yǎnhuo yóuyuǎnhuì zhèng hǎo to attend to make a phone call much better to answer the phone fireworks display carnival just right

1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma? A: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn. Section Chief Huang, are you free Saturday of next week? I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a simple meal. Notes on No. 1 Xiàge Xīngqīliù means "Saturday of next week." "Saturday of this week" is zhèige Xīngqīliù, and "Saturday of last week" is shàngge Xīngqīliù.6 Chī ge biànfàn; Here the verb chī, "to eat Csomething}," takes the object (yi)ge biànfàn, "a simple/informal family meal." When talking about the general activity of eating, however, use chī with the general object fàn, literally "(cooked) rice": chī fàn, "to eat" The word biànfàn is used as a modest description in inviting guests for a meal served in the home. The meal is generally "simple" only in the sense of not being a banquet. A Chinese family meal usually consists of several dishes plus a soup. 2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi? A: Bu shi kèqi. A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cōng Měiguo lai. A: Tā xiànzài zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo JīngJixué. A: Wǒ hen xiǎng gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao. Why is it necessary to be so polite? It’s not politeness. I have a friend who has Just come from America. She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now. I would very much like to introduce the two of you. Notes on No. 2 Hébì is a somewhat formal way of saying ’’Why is it necessary to...?” He is a literary word for ’’why.” Bì is a literary word for ’’must.” (You may recognize it from bú bì, ’’need not,” "to be unnecessary.’’) Notice that the first speaker in exchange 2 does not respond to the dinner invitation with an immediate ’’Thank you, I would love to," as one might do in English. Instead, the Chinese prefer the equivalent of ’’That’s too kind of you" or "Oh, you really shouldn't." When you receive an indefinite invitation (like "I hope you can come over to my house for dinner some day"), do not ask immediately for the date and time. Rather, you should thank the person for his politeness and say that you also hope that you can get together. Vague invitations may simply be in superficial accordance with the rules of etiquette, and you might put your acquaintance on the spot by accepting. Bu shi kèqi is the appropriate response when a person suggests that you are treating him too politely. Jiāo, "to teach," is a verb which requires a general object when no specific object is mentioned. Contrast Jiāo shū, "to teach," with Jiāo Jǐngjixué, "to teach economics." Nǐmen liǎngwèi means "the two of you," or "you two." The other plural pronouns may be used similarly: Tāmen sìge rén dōu yǐjing Those four have all been there already, qùguo le. Tāmen sānge rén dōu xiang All three of them are planning to niàn lìshǐ.                     study history. A number phrase may also follow a list of nouns or pronouns in Chinese. Either the listing or the number is usually omitted in the English translation. Wō, nǐ, tā sānge rén dōu qù, Why don’t all three of us go? hǎo bu hǎo? Lǐ Xiānsheng gēn Wáng          Both Mr. Lī and Mr. Wáng (the two of Xiānsheng liǎngwèi dōu         them) called me. gěi wo dǎle diànhuà le. Gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi jièshao jièshao: There are two things to note in this sentence. First of all, while the English language "introduces two people TO each other," the Chinese language "introduces FOR the two people," gěi...jièshao. Secondly, the speaker has chosen to repeat the verb Jièshao. In a sentence expressing the speaker's desired course of action, the reduplicated form of the verb makes the statement less blunt and demanding. 3. B: Nà tài hǎo le! B: Hen xīwang gēn ta tantan. B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng. B: Budàn shuōde bù hǎo, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng. That’s wonderful! I wish very much to talk with her. However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough. Not only don’t I speak well, (but) sometimes I can’t understand what I hear either. Notes on No. 3 Tài hǎo le, ’’wonderful,’’ or, more literally, ’’too good.’’ You have seen tài translated as ’’excessively,” or ’’too”: ”It’s too expensive!” Tài guì le! In other contexts, tài simply indicates an extreme degree and is translated as ’’very.” When used this way, tài is commonly heavily stressed. Zhèiběn shū zhēn shi tài you This book is really very interesting! yìsi le! Búguò, ’’however,” is often interchangeable with kěshi, ’’but,” and is therefore used more frequently than the English ’’however.” Kongpà means ”to be afraid that Csomething is/is not the easel.” It sometimes means "probably," as in Zhèiběn shū kǒngpà shi tāde, "This book is probably his.” Búdàn...yě... is equivalent to the English "not only...but also....” Here are some examples: Tā búdàn huì shuō Zhōngwén, yě huì shuō Rìwén. Tā búdàn bù xīhuan hōngde, yě bù xīhuan lǎnde. Not only can he speak Chinese, but he can also speak Japanese. Not only doesn’t he like the red one, but he doesn’t like the blue one either. Tīngbudǒng, "can’t understand": The verb dǒng is used to indicate the result in a compound verb of result. Here is another example of dǒng used in this way: Zhōngwén bàozhī nī kàndedǒng Can you read (and understand) Chinese kànbudǒng? newspapers? Shuōde bù hǎo VS. tīngbudǒng: The many ways in which one-syllable Chinese verbs may be combined to make patterns and compounds can be confusing. In No. 3, you see both an action verb and its manner adverb (in the negative), shuōde bù hǎo, and a compound verb of result (in its "unable" form), tīngbudǒng. Compare these two forms: ACTION                                ACTION MARKER or NEG. VERB   MARKER NEG. ADV. MANNER VERB (not both)    RESULT tīng -bù -dǒng ting -de -dǒng shuō -DE bù hǎo shuō -DE hěn hǎo The marker de is always part of the manner adverb expression but alternates with bù in compound verbs of result. Manner adverb expressions expand to allow not only for negation but also for additional adverbs such as hen and tài. Compound verbs of result cannot do this. There are always three, and only three, parts to the compound verb of result. 1+. A: Náli, náli. A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hāo. 5. A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiān ban duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian? B: Fāngbian, fāngbian. Not at all, not at all. You speak as well as an American. How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you? That would be fine. Notes on Nos. 1+-5 Gēn...yíyàng hǎo: Yíyàng is an adjectival verb meaning "to be the same." When a sentence tells you in what respect the compared items are alike, yíyàng acts as an adverb and may be translated as "equally." Women liāngge rénde chē yíyàng. (the cars belonging to the two of us alike) "Our cars are alike." Women liangge rénde chē yíyàng guì. (the cars belonging to the two of us equally expensive) "Our cars are equally expensive." The area of comparability may be described by predicates other than adjectival verbs. Tāmen liāngge rén dōu yíyàng xlhuan niàn shū. (the two of them both equally like to study) "The two of them are equally studious." The items being compared may be expressed separately, using gēn. In this case, gēn is the prepositional verb meaning "with." The item preceding gēn is compared WITH the object of gēn. Wǒde chē gēn tāde chē yíyàng. (my car with his car alike) "My car is like his." Gēn may be used to compare nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, and clauses. Often one of the two phrases or clauses is a shorter form of the other. Nī shuōde gēn Měiguo rén (shuōde) yíyàng hǎo. (you speak with American L speakJ equally good) "You speak as well as an American." Wǒde chē gēn tāde (chē) yíyàng. (my car with his tear] alike) "My car is like his (car)." Nī (kāide) gēn wǒ kāide yíyàng kuài. (you CdriveJ with me drive equally fast) "You drive as fast as I do." 6. A: Wǒ méi qīng shénme rén. Hen suitiàn. B: Nà jiù xiān xiè le. I haven’t invited anyone special. It’s very informal. Well then, I’ll thank you in advance. Notes on No. 6 Méi qīng shénme rén: In this sentence, shénme is not the question word "what" but is theindefinite "any." When used with bù or méi, shénme rén means "anyone special," or "anyone in particular." All question words may follow the verbs in negative statements to give similar meanings. Here are some examples of "any___ special" meanings: Wǒ méi chī shénme fàn.         I didn’t eat much of anything. Wǒ méi gēn shéi qù.            I didn’t go with anybody special. Wǒ méi dào nǎr qù.              I didn’t go anyplace in particular. Wǒ méiyou duōshao qián. Wǒ bú yào jlge. I don’t have any money to speak of. I don't want hut a few. (I want only a few.) Suíbiàn is a frequently used expression which has connotations of "casual," as contrasted with kèqi, "proper" or "formal." Literally, suíbiàn means "according to convenience." Here are some examples: Zenme zuò?                      How shall we do it? Suíbiàn.                        However you like. Suíbiàn shenme shíhou lái. Come anytime you like. Suíbiàn zuò nǎr dōu kéyi. You may sit anywhere you like. Nà jiù xiān xiè le: In this sentence, nà is acting as an adverb meaning "in that case," "if so," or "then." The English translation "I'll thank you in advance, then" is very formal. You would be more likely to say something like "Great. I'm looking forward to it." 7. bù tóng 8. chá 9. chi fàn 10. dànshi 11. érqiě 12. fàn 13. hē 1H. j iāo shū to be different tea to eat, to have a meal but furthermore, moreover (cooked) rice to drink to teach Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary Bù tong may be used in much the same way as bù yíyàng. Note that bù tong occurs only in the negative. (There is no tǒng.^ Shànghǎi huà he Běi jIng huà The. Shànghǎi dialect and the Běi jIng hen bù tong.                    dialect are very different. Chi fàn, "to eat," is an example of a verb plus a general object used to express a general activity. The verb chi may also take specific objects, such as miàn, "noodles." Dànshi, "but," is used much like kǎshi, "but." Hebei rén tīngdedǒng Beijing Can people from Héběi understand huà ma?                        the Beijing dialect? Tingdedǒng, dànshi Héběi huà Yes, but the Héběi dialect and the hé BěiJIng huà bù yíyàng. Běijlng dialect are different. Érqiě, "furthermore,” ’’moreover”: Use érqiě at 'the beginning of a sentence or clause. Zhèige huāpíng tài guì, érqiě This vase is too expensive, and yě tài dà le. Wǒ bù xiǎng furthermore it’s too big. I don’t mǎi.                            want to buy it. Fàn, "(cooked) rice”: The definition of fàn is qualified as "cooked” because the Chinese use several words for "rice," depending on whether it is in the field, ready to cook, or on the table. Jiāo shū is a verb plus a general object meaning "to teach." Jiāo may be used without its general object, as in Jiāo Zhōngwén, "teach the Chinese language.”

A. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Huang Kēzhǎng, nī          You: Huang Kēzhǎng, nī míngtiān míngtiān wǎnshang you           zǎoshang you gōngfu ma? gōngfu ma?                     (Section Chief Huang, are you (cue) míngtiān                  free tomorrow morning?) zǎoshang (Section Chief Huang, are you free tomorrow evening?) 2. Huang Kēzhǎng, ni míngtiān zǎoshang you gōngfu ma? Xīngqīsì 3. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma? jīntiān wǎnshang U. Huang Kēzhǎng, ni jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma? xià Xīngqīliù 5. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma? zhèige Xīngqīwǔ 6. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ you gōngfu ma? zhèige yuè qíhào 7. Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma? Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma? Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma? Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma? Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ you gōngfu ma? Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma? B. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Wo xiǎng qing nín. (cue) women jiā (l would like to invite you.) OR Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. (cue) fànguǎnr (I would like to invite you.) 2. Tā xiǎng qíng nín. Mínzú Fàndiàn 3. Wǒ xiǎng qíng nín. wǒ fùmǔ jiā U. Wǒ xiǎng qíng nín. Beijing Fàndiǎn 5. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín. neige fanguǎnr 6. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín. wǒ jiā You: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn. (I would like to invite you to our house for a simple meal.) Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn. (l would like to invite you to go to a restaurant for a simple meal.) Tā xiǎng qīng nín dào Mínzú Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ fùmǔ Jiā lái chī ge biànfàn. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào Běijīng Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào neige fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ jiā lai chī ge biànfàn. C. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma? (cue) jīngjixué (Does he work at Taiwan University?) 2. Tā zài Dezhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? lìshī 3. Lī Xiānsheng zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? zhèngzhixué U. Chén Xiānsheng zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? Zhōngwén 5. Andesēn Xiānsheng zài Taiwān Dàxué gōngzuò ma? Yīngguo wénxué You: Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué. (That’s right. He teaches economics at Taiwan University.) Duì le. Tā zài Dézhōu Dàxué jiāo lìshī. Duì le. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo zhèngzhixué. Duì le. Tā zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué jiāo Zhōngwén. Duì le. Tā zài Taiwān Dàxué Jiāo Yīngguo wénxué. 6. Wang Xiānsheng zài Tàiwan Dàxué gōngzuè ma? Zhōngguo wénxué 7. Zhào Xiáojie zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma? Zhōngguo lìshǐ Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo wénxué. Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo lìshǐ. D. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker; Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao. (cue) Wàng Tongzhì (i’ll introduce you.) 2. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Liu Tōngzhì 3. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhào Tōngzhì U. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Xiānsheng 5. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Yang Nushì 6. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Kēzhǎng 7. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Lǐ Shàoxiào You; Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Wang Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao (l would very much like to introduce you and Comrade Wang.) Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Liu Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhào Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Xiānsheng Jièshao Jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Yang Nushì Jièshao Jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jièshao jièshao. Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Lǐ Shàoxiào Jièshao Jièshao. E. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Tā tīngbujiàn.             You: Tā búdàn tīngbujiàn yě (cue) kànbujiàn                 kànbujiàn. (He can’t hear.)                 (Not only can’t he hear, CbutJ he can’t see either.) 2. Tā shuōbuduì. tīngbudǒng Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yě tīngbudǒng. 3. Tā chībuhǎo. hēbuhǎo Tā búdàn chībuhǎo yě hēbuhǎo. U. Tā shuōbuduì. xiěbuduì Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yě xiěbuduì. 5. Tā kànbudǒng. tīngbudǒng Tā búdàn kànbudǒng yě tīngbudǒng. 6. Tā tīngbudǒng. shuōbuduì Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuduì. 7. Tā kànbujiàn. tīngbujiàn Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbujiàn. F. Combination Drill 1. Speaker: Tā shuōde bù hǎo. Tā tīngbudǒng. (He speaks poorly. He can’t understand.) OR Tā shuōde bù hao. Wō shuōde bù hāo. (He speaks poorly. I speak poorly.) 2. Tā niànde hǎo. Tā xiědehǎo. 3. Tā niànde hǎo. Wō niànde hǎo. U. Tā tīngbudǒng. Tā shuōbuhǎo. 5. Tā kāide bù hǎo. Wō kāide bù hǎo. 6. Tā kànbujiàn. Tā tīngbudǒng. You: Tā búdàn shuōde bù hǎo yě tīngbudǒng. (He not only speaks poorly, Cbutl he can’t understand either.) Búdàn tā shuōde bù hǎo wǒ yě shuōde bù hǎo. (Not only does he speak poorly, LbutJ I speak poorly too.) Tā búdàn niànde hǎo yě xiědehǎo. Búdàn tā niànde hǎo wǒ yě niànde hǎo. Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuhǎo. Búdàn tā kāide bù hǎo wǒ yě kāide bù hǎo. Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbudǒng. G. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ bù néng dào Zhōngguo qù. Wǒde Zhōngwén bù xíng. (I can’t go to China. My Chinese isn’t good enough.) 2. Tā bù kéyi xué Zhōngwén. Tā méiyou gōngfu. 3. Wo bù kéyi mai dōngxi. Wode qién bú gōu. U. W3 bù néng qù kàn péngyou. W3 méiyou gōngfu. 5. Wǒ bù néng shuō Zhōngguo hui. Wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng. 6. W3 bù néng gēn tā qù chī fàn. W3 méiyou shíjiān. 7. Wo bù kéyi qù kāi huì. W3 tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà. You: W3 hen xīwàng dào Zhōngguo qù, búguō kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngwén bù xíng. (I hope very much to go to China, but I’m afraid my Chinese isn’t good enough.) Tā hen xīwàng xué Zhōngwén, búguō kǒngpà tā méiyou gōngfu. Wǒ hen xīwàng mai dōngxi, búguō kǒngpà wǒde qián bú gòu. Wǒ hen xīwàng qù kàn péngyou, búguō kǒngpà w3 méiyou gōngfu. Wǒ hen xīwàng shuō Zhōngguo huà, búguō kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng. Wǒ hen xīwàng gēn tā qù chī fàn, búguō kongpà wǒ méiyou shíjiān. Wǒ hen xīwàng qù kāi huì, búguō kǒngpà wǒ tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà. H. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Nīde chá gēn tāde yíyàng duō. (cue) hē (You have as much tea as he does.) 2. Nīde dōngxi gēn tāde yíyàng piányi. mai 3. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng duō. niàn U. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng hao. jiāo You: Nī hē chā, hēde gēn tā yíyàng duō. (You drink as much tea as he does.) Nī mai dōngxi, maide gēn tā yíyàng piényi. Nī niàn shū, niànde gēn tā yíyàng duō. Nī jiāo shū, jiāode gēn tā yíyàng hāo. 5. Nīde fan gēn tāde yíyàng duo. chī 6. Nīde diànhuà gēn tāde yíyàng duō. dǎ 7. Níde Zhōngguo huà gēn tāde yíyàng hǎo.    shuō Nī chī fàn, chide gēn tā yíyàng duō. Nī dǎ diànhuà, dǎde gen tā yíyàng duō. Nī shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde gēn tā yíyàng hǎo. I. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Nī qīngle jīge rén? (How many people did you invite?) OR Tā hē shénme? (What does he drink?) 2. Nī qīng shéi? 3. Tā mǎile jīběn shū? U. Nī qīng shénme rén? 5. Tā dào nǎr qù le? 6. NĪ you duōshao qián? You: Wō méi qīng jīge rén. (I didn’t invite many at all.) Tā bù hē shénme. (He doesn’t drink much of anything.) Wō bù qīng shéi. Tā méi mǎi jīben shū. Wō bù qīng shénme rén. Tā méi dào nǎr qù. Wō méiyōu duōshao qiān.

1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. A: Qǐng jin. 2. B: FÙ Tàitai, nín hǎo? B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi. 3. B: Wo zhīdào nín xīhuan shānshuǐ huà. B: Tebié qīng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng. *A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. Xièxie. A: Lǎi, wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao jièshao. 4. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Tǎidà jiāo Jīngjixué. A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Huang Kēzhǎng, zài Tǎiwān Yínhǎng gōngzuò. A: Zhèiwei shi Huang Tàitai. 5. B: Jiuyǎng, jiùyǎng. B: Nín lǎile duo jiǔ le? C: Jiuyǎng. Wǒ gāng lǎi liāngge yuè. 6. C: Hǎi you hen duō bù shǒuxide dìfang. C: Yīhòu hǎi yào xiàng nín qīngjiào. Section Chief Huǎng, Mrs. Huǎng— welcome. Please come in. How are you, Mrs. Franklin? Here is a small token of appreciation. I know you like landscape paintings. I asked a friend to paint one especially for you. You are really too polite. Thanks. Come. I’ll introduce the two of you. This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University. Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huǎng, who works at the Bank of Taiwan. This is Mrs. Huǎng. Glad to meet you. How long have you been here? Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came. There is still much I’m not familiar with. Later I’ll need to request more advice from you. *The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape. 7. B: Náli, nèli. B: Xīwang yīhòu you jīhui duō jiànmièn. Not at all, not at all. I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 8. fāngfǎ method, way, means 9. fázi method, way 10. huàr painting (Beijing pronunciation) 11. qīng zuò please sit down 12. shèhuìxué sociology 13. túshūguǎn library 1U. zuò to sit fāngfǎ fázi method, way, means method, way (Beijing) huà huà(r) (yìzhāng) huānyíng to paint a painting to welcome Jiànmiàn Jiàoshòu jin jiǔyǎng to meet someone, to see someone professor to enter glad to meet you qingJiao qíng zuò to ask advice, to consult please sit down shānshuǐ mountains and rivers, scenery with hills and water shānshuǐ huà(r) (yìzhāng) shèhuìxué shóuxi landscape painting sociology to he familiar Taidà tèbié túshūguǎn Taiwan University especially library xiang xiǎo yìsi towards; from a token of appreciation zuò to sit (introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes) biǎoyǎn bú dà hǎo mǎi duì...shóuxi Jiàoyubù mǎi cài song gei xǐ yīshang yānjiu yòuéryuān you huà zhǎnlǎn zhàogu zuò fàn zuòyà to give a demonstration not very easy to buy to be familiar with Ministry of Education to buy groceries to give to to wash clothes to study, to do research kindergarten oil painting exhibition to take care of to cook homework 1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. A: Qing J in. 2. B: Fù Taitai, nín hǎo? B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi. Section Chief Huǎng, Mrs. Huǎng— welcome. Please come in. How are you, Mrs. Franklin? Here is a small token of appreciation. Note on Nos. 1-2 Xiǎo yìsi: You have already seen yìsi in the expression you yìsi, "to he interesting." Yìsi means "meaning," "significance," "intention," "idea." In No. 2, above, xiǎo yìsi (literally, "small CgoodH intent") is an idiomatic expression meaning "a small (token of my) feelings of appreciation." 3. B: Wǒ zhīdào nín xīhuan shān-shuī huà. B: Tèhié qīng pēngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng. A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. Xièxie. A: Lǎi, wǒ gěi nīmen jièshao jièshao. I know you like landscape paintings. I asked a friend to paint one especially for you. You are really too polite. Thanks. Come. I’ll introduce the two of you. Notes on No. 3 Shānshuī, "mountains and rivers," "scenery with hills and water," is a compound made up of shān, "mountain," and shuī, "water." In shānshuī, shuī refers to rivers or lakes. Tèbiě qǐng pēngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng: Notice that the verb huà is followed by the completion marker le. For this reason, the sentence means that the painting has been finished. The completed-action sense of huàle might be captured by looser translations of the sentence, like "I asked a friend, and he painted one for you" and "I asked a friend, who painted one for you." The sentence Wǒ tèbiē qīng pēngyou gěi nín huà yìzhāng, without le, does not indicate whether the painting has been finished or not. The sentence might be used when a speaker thinks that a painting has not yet been finished. Zhēn ahi tài kèqi, "really too polite," is a variation of Nín zhēn tài kèqi. Shi is sometimes used simply to show that the subject of a sentence fits the description that follows. U. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà Jiāo JīngJixué. A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Huang Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwan Yínháng gōngzuò. A: Zhèiwei shi Huáng Tàitai. This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University. Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huang, who works at the Bank of Taiwan. This is Mrs. Huang. Notes on No. U Jiàoshòu, "professor": The first syllable in this word means "teaching. Notice that the tone on Jiào is different from the tone on the verb "to teach," Jiāo. Táidà is the abbreviation for Tǎiwān Dàxué, "Taiwan University." Zhèiwei shi Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwan Yínhǎng gōngzuò looks like a run-on sentence, with the pronoun tā dropped from the second part of the sentence. In Chinese, this is a perfectly good way to add a second clause to a sentence. To characterize a person or thing Just identified, the Chinese simply attach a descriptive sentence and omit the subject. You have already learned this pattern: Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē yōu yige Xīnhuá Shūdiàn, hen dà. Here are some additional examples: Tā tàitai shi Rìběn rén, xiànzài zài Shànghǎi. Wo you yige péngyou xing Wú, zài Dōnghǎi Dàxué Jiāo shū, míngnián xiǎng dào Měiguo qù. His wife is Japanese; she is in Shànghǎi now. I have a friend named Wú who teaches at Dōnghǎi University. He is planning to go to America next year. 5. B: Jiǔyǎng, Jiǔyǎng. B: Nín láile duo Jiǔ le? C: Jiǔyǎng. Wǒ gang lai liǎngge yuè. Glad to meet you. How long have you been here? Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came. Notes on No. 5 Jiǔyǎng means, literally, "I have looked up to you for a long time" or "I have looked forward to meeting you." It is used when meeting someone of higher status. Because Jiǔyǎng implies a status difference, the expression is not often used in the PRC. Gang, "only Just": You have learned the sentence Wǒ láile liǎngge yuè le, "I have been here two months now." In the last sentence of exchange 5, notice that no le is needed. The focus has shifted from the coming to the shortness of the period; that is, the focus is on gang. 6. C: Hái yǒu hen duō bù shōuxide dìfang. C: Yīhòu hái yào xiang nín qíngj iào. There is still much I’m not familiar with. Later I’ll need to request more advice from you. Notes on No. 6 Shóuxi, "to be familiar Lwith the details of something]," is also pronounced shúxi. Dìfang means "areas," "aspects" (NOT "places") in the first sentence of No. éT Thus shouxide dìfang means "areas/aspects one is familiar with." Xiàng nín qíngjiào is a polite way of requesting advice from someone— for example, a teacher, an advisor, or a senior colleague. Here, the prepositional verb xiàng means "from." (You learned xiàng as "towards" in the Directions Module.) Literally, it means "facing." Less formally, you may also say gēn nín qíngjiào. Qíngjiào (literally, "request instruction") may be reduplicated or used with an object in sentences like the following: Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào        I would like to consult with you yíjiàn shi.                     about something. Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào qíngj iào. Yíhdu hái yào...: In this sentence, hái means "still more," or "additionally." 8. fāngfā method, way, means 9- fázi method, way 10. huàr painting (Beijing pronunciation) 11. qīng zuò please have a seat 12. shèhuìxué sociology 13. túshūguān library 1U. zuò to sit 7. B: Náli, náli. B: Xīwang yīhòu yōu jīhui duō Jiànmiàn. Not at all, not at all. I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more. Note on No. 7 The adjectival verb duō, ’’to be much,” ”to be many,” is used in No. 7 as an adverb meaning ’’much,” ’’more.” Kāfēi bù néng duō hē. Nī duō chī diānr ba. Tā duō zhùle liāngtiān. Wō shāo mSile yìzhāng piào. Tā shuō tā yào shāo chī. Shao may be used in the same way. One must not drink too much coffee. Eat a little more. He stayed two days longer. I bought one ticket too few. (more literally, "I underbought by one ticket.”) He says he wants to eat less (cut down on eating). Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary Here are a few sentences illustrating some of the words: Nīde shèhuìxué xuéde zhènme hSo"ī Nī yòng shénme fāngfǎ niànde? Měitiān zài túshūguān sìge zhōngtou. Ài! Wō měiyou fázi zài túshūguān zuò sìge zhōngtóu. You learned your sociology so well! How do you study it? I spend four hours in the library everyday. Boy! Thére’s no way I can sit in the library for four hours. Opposites Snjìng to be peaceful rènao to be lively to be bustling to be noisy chǎng to be long duǎn to be short cōngming to be intelligent to be bright bèn to be stupid to be foolish dà to be large xiǎo to be small dàodǎ to arrive to reach líkāi to leave duì to be correct cuò to make a mistake to be wrong gānjìng (gānjing) to be clean zāng to be dirty gāo to be tall ǎi to be short (of stature gǎoxìng to be happy nǎnguò to feel sorry to feel bad to be grieved gōngzuò to work xiūxi to rest to relax hǎo to be good to be well huài to be bad J iǎndān to be simple fùzǎ (fǔzǎ) to be complicated to be complex j iànkāng to be healthy you bìng to be ill to be sick kuān zhSi to be wide to be narrow to be broad lai qù to come to go lèi you jīngshen to be tired to be lively to be spirited to be vigorous lěng re to be cold to be hot liángkuai nuanhuo to be cool to be warm man kōng to be full to be vacant to be empty man kuài to be slow to be fast máng xièn to be busy to be idle to be unoccupied niánqīng lǎo to be young to be old (in years) piányi guì to be inexpensive to be expensive to be cheap piàoliang nánkàn to be beautiful to be ugly qiáng ruù to be strong to be weak róngyi nán to be easy to be difficult shēng si to be born to die tian to be sweet ting to stop to halt tul to push yuan to be far zǎo to be early zhēn to be true to be real to be genuine kú to be bitter z8u to go to walk IS to pull jin to be near wan to be late jiǎ to be false to be fake to be artificial A. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Wo xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng huàr. (I'm thinking of asking him to paint a painting.) 2. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta chī yícì Zhōngguo fàn. 3. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta mǎi liǎngzhāng Tǎiběi dìtú. U. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta Jiāo liǎngniān. 5. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr. 6. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta lǎi yícì. 7. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta kàn yícì diànyǐng. You: Wǒ tèbié qīng ta huàle yìzhāng huàr. (I asked him especially to paint a painting.) Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta chile yícì Zhōngguo fàn. Wǒ tèbié qīng ta mǎile liǎngzhāng Táibei dìtú. Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta Jiāole liǎngniān. Wǒ tèbié qīng ta huàle yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr. Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta láile yícì. Wǒ tèbié qīng ta kànle yícì diànyǐng B. Combination Drill 1. Speaker: Tā shi Hé Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tāidà Jiāo JīngJixué. (He is Professor Hé. He teaches economics at Taiwan University.) 2. Tā shi Wáng Kēzhǎng. Tā zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò. 3. Tā shi Shen Shàoxiào. Tā zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. U. Tā shi LÍn Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo shū. You: Zhèiwèi shi Hé Jiàozhòu, zài Taidà Jiāo JīngJixué. (This is Professor Hé, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.) Zhèiwèi shi Wang Kēzhǎng, zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò. Zhèiwèi shi Shen Shàoxiào, zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. Zhèiwèi shi Lin Jiàoshòu, zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo shū. X      V          K 5. Tā shi Lu Kēzhǎng. Tā zai Tāiwān Yínhāng gōngzuò. 6. Tā shi Liú Xiǎojiě. Tā zài Taidà niàn shū. 7. Tā shi HÚn Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tāidà Jiāo zhèngzhixué. Zhèiwèi shi Lu Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwān YÍnháng gōngzuò. Zhàiwèi shi Liú Xiaojiě, zài Taidà niàn shū. Zhèiwèi shi Han Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiāo zhèngzhixué. C. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker; You hěn duō dìfang wo bù shǒuxi. (There is much I’m not familiar with.) OR Zài zhèr, you hěn duō ren bù hē chā. (There are many people here who don’t drink tea.) 2. Yōu hěn duō dìfang wǒ tīngbudǒng. 3. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō rén bú kàn bào. U. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō rén bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huà. 5. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ bú huì zuò. 6. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ kànbudǒng. You: Wǒ hái you hěn duō bù shéuxide dìfang. (There is still much I’m not familiar with.) Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bù hē chāde rén. (There are many non-tea drinking people here.) Wǒ hái you hěn duō tīngbudǒngde dìfang. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bú kàn bàode rén. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huàde rén. Wǒ hai you hěn duō bú huì zuòde dìfang. Wǒ hai you hěn duō kànbudǒngde dìfang. D. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Women yīhòu jiànmiànde You: Xīwang yīhòu you Jīhui duō Jīhui hěn duō.                   jiānmiān. (We will have many more         (I hope that in the future we opportunities to meet           will have an opportunity to in the future.) meet more.) 2. Wō yīhòu xiǎng nín qīngjiǎode Jīhui hěn duō. Xīwang yīhòu yōu Jīhui nín qīngjiāo. duō xiǎng 3. Wōmen yīhòu shuō Zhōngguo huāde Jīhui hěn duō. Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui Zhōngguo huā. duō shuō U. Wō yīhòu xuǎ Zhōngwǎnde Jīhui hěn duō. Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui Zhōngwǎn. duō xuǎ 5. Wōmen yīhòu lǎide Jīhui hěn duō. Xīwāng yīhòu yōu jīhui duō lǎi. 6. Wōmen yīhòu zāi yìqīde Jīhui hěn duō. Xīwāng yīhòu yōu jīhui duō zāi yìqī. 7. Wō yīhòu luxíngde Jīhui hěn duō. Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui duō luxíng. E. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Huǎng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng. (cue) zuò (Section Chief Huǎng, welcome, welcome.) 2. Wǎng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? zuò zuo 3. Lī Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? hē yìdiǎn chǎ U. Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? zuò 5. Zhào Tāitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. zuò You: Huǎng Kezhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qīng Jìn, qīng Jìnlai zuò. (Section Chief Huǎng, welcome, welcome. Please come in and sit down.) Wǎng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? Qīng Jin, qīng Jìnlai zuòzuo. Lī Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? Qīng Jin, qīng Jìnlai hē yìdiǎn chǎ. Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? Qīng jìn, qīng Jìnlai zuò. Zhào Tāitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qīng Jìn, qīng jìnlai zuò. 6. Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín hǎo? zuò yìhuǐr 7. Qiǎn Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiú bú jiàn. zuò zuo Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín hǎo? Qǐng jin, qǐng jìnlai zuò yìhuǐr. Qiǎn Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiǔ bú Jiàn. Qǐng Jin, qīng jìnlai zuòzuo.

(in Beijing) 1. B: Wài. A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma? A: Wǒ yào zhào LÍn SIzhang shuō huà. 2. B: Nín shi nàr a? A: Wǒ xing Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi Fǎguo Dàshiguǎnde Shāngwù JIngjiguān. B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai. 3. B: Wài, tā zhèihuīr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma? A: Laojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qing ta gěi wo da ge diànhuà. U. B: Hāo, qing nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomār gàosong wǒ. Wǒ xiěxiàlái. A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr yāo-sān sān yào. 5. C: Duìbuql, ni gāngcái géi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài. C: Nī yǒu shi ma? A: Shi a! Wǒ neitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole míngtiān shídiān dào nín bàngōng-shì qu tántan. 6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ yǒu yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suǒyi xiǎng wèn nín women néng bu néng gǎi dào xià-wu. Hello. Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn. Who is this? My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Ecomonics Officer from the French Embassy. Wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not. Hello. He is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave a message? When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call. All right. Please tell me your phone number. I’ll write it down. My phone number is 521-331. I’m sorry. When you called me just now, I wasn’t in. Can I help you with something? Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office at ten o’clock tomorrow for a talk. Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask you whether we can change it Cthe appointment! to the afternoon. *C: Xiàwǔ shenme shíhou? A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn zǎnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian? C: Sìdiǎn bí sāndiǎn hǎo. Wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng dǎi kāi hui. A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiǎn zhōng jiàn. C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng deng ni. What time in the afternoon? What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient for you? Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three o’clock. All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow. All right. I’ll wait for you at four o’clock. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 7. hǎishi still 8. wàiguo foreign, abroad 9- wàiguo rěn foreigner (non-Chinese) 10. wūzi (yìjiān) room 11. yāo one (telephone pronunciation) * The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape. bǎ (prepositional verb which indicates the direct object) bàngōngshì office gǎi gǎi dào gāngcǎi to change to change to Just now, a short time ago haishi hàomǎ(r) still number jīngjiguān economics officer liú liú(ge)huà(r) to leave, to keep, to save to leave a message neitiān the other day shāngwù shāngwùguān commercial business commercial officer wàiguó wàiguo rén Wàijiāobù wūzi (yìjiān) foreign, abroad foreigner (non-Chinese) Ministry of Foreign Affairs room xiěxiàlái to write down yāo yàojin yuēhǎole one (telephone pronunciation) to be important, to be urgent to have (successfully) made arrangements, to have made an appointment zhèihuír this moment, at the moment (Beijing) (introduced on C-2 and drill tapes chūtǔ wénwù zhǎnlǎn exhibition of archaeological finds dǎ dao to make a phone call to dàibiǎotuǎn delegation gǎnbuhuílǎi J iàoyuǎn can’t make it back in time teacher Jīnglǐ qīnzì tuánzhǎng zhǔrèn zìji manager personally, privately head, of the delegation director oneself (’’myself,” ’’yourself,” etc. (introduced in Communication Game) chēfáng dì garage ground, earth Street scene in Shanghai 1. B: Wai. A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma? A: Wǒ yào zhāo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà. Hello. Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn. Notes on No. 1 Wàijiāobù: WàiJiāo is the word, for "diplomacy" (more literally, "foreign relations"). Bù designates an organizational unit; in speaking of the Chinese government, bù is translated as "ministry."7 The head of a bù is a bùzhāng, "minister." Wài-, "foreign," is used in terms such as wàiguo, "overseas" (literally, "foreign country") and wàiguo ren, "foreigner" (most frequently referring to a person from a non-Asian country). Literally, wài- means "outside," as in wàimian. Yào zhāo...shuō huà means, literally, "I would like to look for . . . to speak I with himl." Telephone conversations: Telephone courtesy in the United States requires that a person identify himself before beginning a conversation. In China, however, it is normal for the caller to ask "Who is this?" and for the person who answers the phone to inquire "Who is calling?" 2. B: Nín shi nǎr a? A: Wǒ xing Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi Fāguo Dàshiguānde Shāngwù Jīngjiguān. B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai. Who is this? My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Economics Officer from the French Embassy. Wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not. Notes on No. 2 Nín shi nar a? is one polite way to ask who is calling. Nǎr asks for the name of the office or organization which the caller represents. You may also say Nī nǎr a? To ask for the caller’s name, use Qīngwèn ni shi...? or Qīngwèn nī guìxìng? Fǎguo: In the PRC, the word for ’’France" usually has a low tone instead of a falling tone (Faguo). The syllable -guān means "government official," "officer," or "officeholder ." Tā zài bu zai: Zài means "to be present" here. With this meaning, zài does not have to be followed by a place word. 3. B: Wèi, tā zhèihuīr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma? A: Laojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qīng ta gěi wo dǎ ge diànhuà. Hello. He is not here at the moment Would you like to leave a message? When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call. Notes on No. 3 Zhèihuīr is a colloquial word for "now," "at the moment." The word is made up of zhè plus yìhuīr. Its position preceding the verb shows that it refers to a point in time. Liú ge huàr: Liú means "to leave C something/someone!] behind." Huàr, translated in exchange 3 as "message," is the word for "speech." Directly following a verb (in this case, liú), the yī of unstressed yige may be omitted. U. B: Hǎo, qīng nín bǎ nínde diàn- All right. Please tell me your huà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. Wǒ phone number. I’ll write it down, xiěxiàlāi. A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wú èr yāo- My phone number is 521-331. sān sān yāo. Notes on No. U Hàomǎr is used for "number" in speaking of identification numbers such as a passport number. (Shùmu, "number," expresses an amount.) Yao is used, in Beijing for giving room numbers and telephone numbers whenever those numbers are given orally. Xiěxialai is a compound verb which is formed like náxialai. However, while náxialai literally means "to bring down and towards the speaker," xiěxialai does NOT mean "to write in a downward direction towards the speaker." The compound xiěxialai corresponds to the English idiom "to write down." Qǐng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ illustrates some of the rules concerning the use of the prepositional verb bǎ. (Read the Transportation Module notes on bǎ.) Bǎ is a prepositional verb used to bring the direct object of a sentence to a position preceding the main verb. To do so has certain effects on the meaning of a sentence. There are reasons why bǎ must be used, why it may not be used, and why it is optional in different kinds of sentences. In the first sentence of exchange U, the use of the bǎ construction is optional. You may also say Qǐng ni gàosong wo nínde diànhuà hàomǎr. The sentence fulfills the requirements for the optional use of bǎ but has none of the features which make the use of bǎ a necessity. Let’s look more closely at these different requirements and features. a. What conditions are necessary for the use of bǎ? (1) The object of bǎ must be acted on. In other words, the action must be performed on the object of bǎ. In the first sentence of exchange U, nínde diànhuà hàomǎr undergoes the action gàosong. More obvious examples are Tā bǎ dìtú náchulai le. He took out the map. (MAP UNDERGOES BEING TAKEN OUT) Tā bǎ tāde chē mài le. He sold his car. (CAR UNDERGOES BEING SOLD) Tā bǎ neige Zhōngguo zì He wrote that Chinese character on xiě zai hēibǎnshang le. the chalkboard. (CHINESE CHARACTER UNDERGOES BEING WRITTEN ON THE BOARD) UNDERGOER OF THE ACTION means that the object is influenced by the action in some way. In "I saw Mr. Wang yesterday," Mr. Wang is not considered to be the undergoer of the action. (2) The verb must be an action verb (such as gàosong in exchange U). Bǎ is not used with state and process verbs. For example, you may not use bǎ with yǒu, zhǐdao, xǐhuan, ài, xiǎng, huì, or dong. (3) The object of bǎ must refer to something specific (such as nínde diànhuà hàomǎr in exchange U): which telephone number? your telephone number (The questioner knows which number he is referring to, even though he does not know what the number is.) Often the object of bǎ must be translated into English with the definite article "the": Qǐng ni bǎ huāpíng gěi wo. Please give me the vase. (NOT "a vase") Tā ba liǎngzhāng piào gěi He gave me the two tickets. (NOT wo le.                       ’’Cany] two tickets") (U) The verb phrase must be complex. Here are examples of the ways in which a verb phrase can be made complex so that bǎ may be used: (ASPECT MARKER) Tā bǎ tāde chēzi mài le. (REDUPLICATED VERB) Qīng ni bǎ piào huànhuan. (COMPOUND VERB) Tā bǎ wǒde dìzhī xiěxia-lai le. Nī bǎ xíngli nāshang chē qu ba. Women zuǒtiān yījīng bǎ zhèijiàn shi shuōhǎo le. Wǒ xiān bǎ zhèige xiěwǎn zài zǒu. Nī bǎ wǒde míngzi xiěcuò le. (MANNER EXPRESSION AFTER THE VERB) Nī bǎ zhèige zì xiěde tài dà le. Tā bǎ zhèijiàn shi shuōde hen qīngchu. He sold his car. Please exchange the tickets. He wrote down my address. Take the baggage onto the train. We agreed on this matter yesterday I will finish writing this first and then leave. You wrote my name wrong. You wrote this character too large He talked very clearly about this. (PREPOSITIONAL VERB PHRASE AFTER THE VERB) Bǎ píjiǔ fang zai zhuōzi-shang. Wǒ bǎ chē ting zai nèibian děng nín. (INDIRECT OBJECT AFTER THE VERB) Lī Xiānsheng bǎ zìdiǎn gěi xuésheng le. (NUMBER PLUS COUNTER AFTER THE VERB) Qīng ni zài bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr niàn yícì. Qīng ni bǎ zhèige kàn yixia. Put the beer on the table. I will park the car over there and wait for you. Mr. Lī has given the dictionaries to the students. Please read his telephone number aloud once more. Please take a look at this. (OR "Please read this over.") In the first sentence of exchange U, the verb phrase is made complex by having an indirect object after the verb: bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ b. When MUST bǎ be used? The examples above which require the use of bǎ are those with a prepositional verb phrase after the verb, those with a manner expression after the verb, and most of the sentences under the heading "Compound Verb. In these examples, the object may not be placed between the verb and the element which follows. c. When can't bā be used? Bǎ cannot normally be used in a sentence if the verb is not an action verb, if the verb describes perception (like kànjian and tingjian), if the object is not the undergoer of the action, if the object is indefinite, or if the verb is a simple verb. Here are some examples of sentences in which bā cannot be used: Wo mǎile yíge shōuyīnjī. I bought a radio. (INDEFINITE OBJECT) Wǒ kànjian ta le. I saw him. (PERCEPTION VERB EkànJianJ; OBJECT DOES NOT UNDERGO ACTION) Wǒ xiǎng kàn zhèiběn shū. I would like to read this book. (SIMPLE VERB) Wǒ yǒu hěn duō wàiguo I have a lot of foreign friends. pengyou. (yǒu NOT ACTION VERB) Wǒ zhīdào zhèijiàn shi. I know of this matter, (zhīdào NOT ACTION VERB) d. What is the motivation for using bā? Bǎ is used when the verb phrase gives more new important information than the object does. The Chinese prefer to place that important verb phrase in final position in a sentence, where the phrase will be prominent. Bǎ performs the function of taking the object out of the way (to the beginning of a sentence) and allowing the verb phrase to have its full impact. e. To make a bǎ sentence negative, place the negative adverb in front of bǎ (NOT in front of the main verb). Tā méi bǎ zhuōzi bānchuqu. He did not move the table out. Nī bù bǎ ròu8 fàng zai How can it do for you not to put bīngxiāngli zěnme xíng? the meat in the refrigerator? (How can you not put the meat in the refrigerator?) 5. C: Duìbuqī, nī gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà, wS bú zài. C: Nī yǒu shi ma? A: Shi a.' Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhěole míngtiān shídiǎn dào nín bàngōngshì qu tántan. I'm sorry. When you called me Just now, I wasn't in. Can I help you with something? Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office at ten o'clock tomorrow for a talk. Notes on No. 5 Gāngcái means "just now," "a short time ago." It may, like other time words, either precede or follow the subject of a sentence. Tā gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà He called me a short time ago. le. Gāngcái tā gěi wo dā diànhuà le. The one-syllable adverb gāng, "Just," always follows the subject of a sentence. Tā gāng gěi wo dā diànhuà. He just called me. Ni gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà, wǒ bú zài, literally, "You called me just now, I wasn’t in":To the first clause (Nī gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà), you could add -de shihou, "when." Even without -de shihou, the relationship between the two clauses is still very close. Colloquially, no pause is needed between them. Here is a similar sentence: Gāngcái wǒ qù zhāo ni, nī I just went to look for you, but you bú zài.                         weren’t there. Něitiān literally means "that day." It is the Chinese equivalent of "the other day." Yuēhāo is a compound verb of result: yuē, "to arrange a meeting," "to make an appointment," plus hāo, "successfully complete." Gēn means "with" in the last sentence of exchange 5- Bàngōngshì: Bàngōng (literally, "manage work") is frequently used for "do work in an office." A bàngōngshì is a room where office work is done, or an "office." 6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zāoshang wǒ you yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suōyi xiǎng wèn nín women neng bu neng gāi dào xiàwǔ. C: Xiàwǔ shénme shíhou? A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiān zěnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian? C: Sìdiān bī sāndiān hāo. Wǒ sāndiān zhōng děi kāi huì. A: Hāo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiān zhōng jiàn. C: Hāo, wǒ sìdiān zhōng děng ni. Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask you whether we can change it Cthe appointment] to the afternoon. What time in the afternoon? What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient for you? Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three o’clock. All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow. All right. I’ll wait for you at four o’clock. Notes on No. 6 YàojIn means "to be urgent," "to be important." Yinwei.■.suoyi: When the first part of an English sentence begins with the word "because," it is usually considered redundant to begin the second part with "therefore." Thus the Chinese word suoyi, "therefore," in the first sentence of exchange 6, is not translated into English. In Chinese, however, suoyi is commonly used after a clause beginning with yīnwei, "because." The verbs gǎi and huàn are both frequently translated as "to change." Gǎi means "change" in the sense of "alter," and huàn means "change" in the sense of "exchange." Gǎi dào xiàwǔ, "change (it) to the afternoon": In this phrase, the prepositional verb dào and its object xiàwǔ do not precede the verb; they follow the verb. A dào, "to," phrase which precedes the main verb in a sentence can be a scene setter, that is, you go "to" a place and the action takes place there. Following the main verb in a sentence, a dào phrase can indicate where something ends up as a result of the action. In the first sentence of exchange 6, the appointment will END UP in the afternoon. Here are some examples of dào phrases: Tā dào càishichǎng mǎi cài He went to the market to buy qu le.                          groceries. (SCENE SETTER) Wǒ gāngcái dào wǔlōu zhao      Just now I went to the fifth floor Chen Tàitai qu le.             to look for Mrs. Chen. (SCENE SETTER) Tā pǎo dào shānshang qu le. He ran to the top of the mountain. ("He" ENDS UP ON THE MOUNTAINTOP.) 7. hǎishi still 8. wàiguo foreign, abroad 9- wàiguo ren foreigner (non-Chinese) 10. wǔzi (yìjiān) room 11. yào one (telephone pronunciation) Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary Hǎishi means "still" in the sense of "as before." It is used in some of the same ways that hǎi is used. Sulrán tā you shíhou shuō Although he is sometimes impolite in huà bú kèqi, késhi wǒ          his speech, I still like him. haishi xìhuan ta. Wǒ háishi bù dǒng "le” zěnme I still don’t understand how le is yòng.                            used. Wàiguo rén, "foreigner”: The use of this term is still generally based on race rather than on citizenship. Even Chinese who are American citizens living in the United States often refer to non-Chinese Americans as wàiguo rén. Wūzi, ’’room”: The counter for wūzi is -Jiān, which literally means "interstice," "interval," "space," "room." A. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? (cue) LÍn Sizhǎng (Hello, is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?) 2. Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wèi Shàoxiào 3. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? LÍn Kēzhǎng U. Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Bāoěr Xiānsheng 5. Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Lī Xiānsheng 6. Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Meng Tǒngzhì 7. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Zhāngnán Tǒngzhì You: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà. (Hello, is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn.) Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Wèi Shàoxiào shuō huà. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínhāng ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo LÍn Kēzhǎng shuō huà. Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Bāoěr Xiānsheng shuō huà. Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Lī Xiānsheng shuō huà. Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Mèng Tǒngzhì shuō huà. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Zhāngnán Tǒngzhì shuō huà. B. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zài bu zai. (i’ll see whether he is here or not.) 2. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu mang. 3. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā yǒu gōngfu meiyou. U. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā láile meiyou. You: Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zài bu zai. (Please wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.) Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu mang. Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā you gōngfu meiyou. Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā láile meiyou. 5. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zǒule meiyou. 6. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile meiyou. 7. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule meiyou. Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zǒule meiyou. Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile meiyou. Qing ni děnyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule meiyou. C. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Láojià, bǎ nínde diàn- You: Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde huà hàomǎr gàosong              diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. wǒ.                            (Please tell me Mr. Wáng’s (cue) Wáng Xiānsheng-           telephone number.) de diànhuà hàomǎr (Please tell me his telephone number.) 2. Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde diànhuà hàomǎr 3. Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde dìzhì U. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ.    tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr 5. Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde dìzhì 6. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ. nínde diànhuà hàomǎr 7. Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ. Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ. Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. D. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? You: Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái. (cue) not yet                 (I haven’t written it down (Have you written it             yet.) 2. Nī down?) xiěhǎo le ma? soon will Wǒ kuài xiěhǎo le. 3. Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? already Wǒ yījīng xiěxiàlái le. U. Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? not yet Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái. 5. Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? did not Wǒ méi xiěxiàlái. 6. Nī xiěhǎo le ma? already Wǒ yījīng xiěhǎo le. 7. Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? Yes, I did Wǒ xiěxiàlái le. E. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Ni gēn tā yuēhǎo le ma? (cue) tā bàngōngshì (Did you make arrangements with him?) 2. Nī gēn Wang Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le ma? huǒchēzhàn 3. Nī gēn Lí Nushì yuēhǎo le ma? wǒde bàngōngshì U. Nī gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le ma? Wàijiāobù 5. Nī gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le ma? xuéxiào 6. Nī gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le ma?    tāde bàngōngshì 7. Nī gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le ma?    huìkèshì You: Gēn tā yuēhǎo le, zài tā bàngōngshì jiàn. (I made arrangements with him to meet at his office.) Gēn Wang Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài huǒchēzhàn Jiàn. Gēn Lí Nushì yuēhǎo le, zài wǒde bàngōngshì jiàn. Gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le, zài Wàijiāobù jiàn. Gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le, zài xuéxiào jiàn. Gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le, zài tāde bàngōngshì jiàn. Gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài huìkèshì jiàn. F. Substitution Drill You will need the word zhǔrèn, ’ 1. Speaker: Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒmen yǒu yàojīnde shi, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. (cue) LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái (Because we have some important business in the morning, we will have to change to the afternoon.) 2. Yīnwei shàngwǔ LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì 3. Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. wǒ děi jiāo shū U. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi Jiāo shū, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù 5. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan 6. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. wǒ méi gōngfu 7. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. 'director,” in this exercise. You: Yīnwei shàngwǔ LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. (Because Director LÍn cannot come in the morning, we will have to change to the afternoon. ) Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi Jiāo shū, suóyi gǎidào xiàwī le. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. G. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Xiàwǔ sān-sìdiěn zěnmeyàng? (cue) tā (How is CHow about3 three or four in the afternoon?) 2. Tā zěnmeyàng? Táiwān 3. Taiwan zěnmeyàng? Táiwānde Jīngji U. Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng? nèige fàndiàn 5. Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng? zhèige xuéxiào 6. Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng? tāmen maide diànshì 7. Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng? You: Tā zěnmeyàng? (How is he? CHow about him?3) Táiwān zěnmeyàng? Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng? Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng? Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng? Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng? H. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker? Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. (cue) when (They are meeting tomorrow.) 2. Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. where 3. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. when 4. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. where 5. Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. how many hours 6. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. how long 7. Tāmen yījīng kāi hui le ma? yes You: Tāmen míngtiān shénme shíhou kāi hui? (When are they meeting tomorrow?) Tāmen míngtiān zài nār kāi hui? Tāmen zuótiān shi shénme shíhou kāide hui? Tāmen zuótiān shi zài nār kāide hui? Tāmen míntiān kāi hui kāi jīge zhōngtóu? Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui kāile duó jiǔ? Tāmen yījīng kāi hui le.

(in Taipei) 1. B: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma? A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Canting qù chī ha. 2. B: Dōngménde cài kǒngpà meiyou Dàhuáde cài name hǎo ha. A: Suírán hú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women zhèli jìn. 3. B: Ou, hǎi yǒu yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng Jìn. B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēichāng hǎo. B: Jīntiān wǒ. qīng ni dào nàli qù chī. U. A: Nà hù hǎo yìsi! B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Nèige dìfangde cài you hǎo you piānyi. 5. A: Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo. B: Tāmen nàli yǒu hǎoxiē cài hiéde dìfang chīhuzháo. Let’s go have lunch together today. Okay? All right. Why don’t we go to the East Gate Restaurant? I’m afraid that the food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at the Great China. Even though it LEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us. Oh, there is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us. The food there is extremely good. Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat. I can’t let you do that! (That would be too embarrassing!) Don’t be polite. It’s nothing. The food there is both good and cheap. Any place you suggest is sure to be good. They have a good many dishes there that you can’t find (at) other places. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 6. bù yídìng 7. kànfa not necessarily; it’s not definite opinion, view 8. wǎnfàn supper, dinner 9. xiǎngfa idea, opinion 10. yìxiē some, several, a few 11. zǎofàn breakfast 12. zuòfa way of doing things, method, practice Modern apartments in Shanghai

biěde "bù hǎo yìsi other, different to be embarrassing; to feel embarrassed bù yídìng not necessarily; it’s not definite cài canting chībuzhǎo food, cooked dish dining room; restaurant can’t find (to eat) Dàhuǎ Canting Dōngmén Canting Great China Restaurant East Gate Restaurant fēichǎng very, extremely, highly gèng even more hǎoxiē a good many, a lot kànfa opinion, view meiyou.. .nàme/zhème is not as...as... suírǎn(suīrǎn)...kěshi... although, even though...(still)... wǎnfàn supper, dinner xiǎngfa idea, opinion yídìng yìxiē you...you... certainly some, several, a few both...and... zǎofàn zhōngfàn zuòfa breakfast lunch way of doing things, method, practice (introduced on C-2 tape) ānpaihǎo le successfully arranged -bù (counter for cars and buses) chūfā to start a journey jiāoqū suburbs lǎoshi always, all the time lián...(yě) even.•.(also) Shísānlíng Ming Tombs (literally, "Thirteen Tombs") yěcān picnic yǒu míng to be famous Yúyuàn Szechuan Garden zhāodài to he hospitable to

1. B: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma? A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Cāntīng qù chī ha. Let’s go have lunch together today Okay? All right. Why don’t we go to the East Gate Restaurant? Note on No. 1 Zhōngfàn means, literally, "middle meal." "Breakfast" is zǎofàn, "early meal." "Supper" is wǎnfàn, "late meal." 2. B: Dōngménde cài kongpà méiyou Dàhuáde cài nàme hǎo ha. A: Suírán hú tài hǎo, késhi lí women zhèli jin. I’m afraid that the food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at the Great China. Even though it [East Gate] is not too good, it is close to us. Notes on No. 2 Cài, "(nonstaple) food," "dish," "course (of a meal)": Literally, cài means "vegetables." It refers to any dish that is eaten with rice. Both meat and vegetable dishes are included in the meaning. The pattern ...(méi)you...nàme... is used to make one thing is LESS than another. STATE VERB ADJECTIVAL comparisons (OFTEN VERB) when 1 + méiyou + 2 + nàme/zhème + Tā méiyou nǐ nàme mang. Wǒ méiyou tā nàme cōngming. Tā méiyou wǒ nàme you qiān. Used less frequently without the negative méi-, the pattern means "to be as Equality] AS [something else!." Nīde shū méiyou wǒde shū nàme duō. Yǒu. Neige xuéxiàode túshūguǎn yǒu zhèige xuéxiàode zhème hǎo ma? Your books are not as many as mine. (You don’t have as many books as I do.) Yes, they are. (Yes, I do have as many books as you do.) Is that school’s library as good as this one’s? Suírán...kěshi...: Suírán (or suīrán), "although," must always be followed by kěshi or danshi, meaning "but," in the second part of a sentence. Kěshi/danshi would not usually be translated into English, but sometimes the word "still" is included in the translation: "Although it’s not too good, still it’s close to us." Suírán may either precede the subject or be placed between the subject and the verb of a sentence. Suirán tā xihuan lùxíng, kěshi tā méi qùguo Zhōngguo. Tā suirán jiǎngle hǎojīcì, kěshi wǒ háishi bù dǒng. Wǒ suirán méi kànjianguo, kěshi ting rén shuōguo. Although she likes to travel, she has never been to China. Although he explained it many times, I still didn’t understand. Although I have never seen it, I have heard of it. 3. B: Ou, hái yǒu yíge xln kāide fànguanzi lí women zhèli gèng Jìn. B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng hǎo. B: Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni dào nàli qù chī. Oh, there is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us. The food there is exceptionally good. Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat. Notes on No. 3 Xīn kāide: The adjectival verb xln, "new," means "newly," "recently" when used as an adverb. Gèng, "more," "even more," "still more" Zài līngshiguǎn gōngzuòde rén bī dàshiguǎn gèng duō. Lu píngguǒ hěn guì, hong píngguǒ gèng guì. Zhāng Tíngfēng shuōde Zhōngguo huà, Zhōngguo rén hěn nán tīngdedǒng, wàiguo rén yídìng gèng nán. More people work at the consulates than at the embassy. Green apples are expensive; red apples are even more expensive. Zhāng Ting Feng's Chinese is hard for Chinese people to understand for a foreigner, it would certainly be even harder. An overview of comparison: You have now learned several ways to compare things. The patterns presented here are the most common ones. Each pattern has a standard purpose: (MORE) ...bl... (STATE VERB) (LESS) ...meiyou...name (STATE VERB) (EQUAL) ...gēn...yíyàng      (STATE VERB) A simple adjectival verb may also be used to make a comparison: Zhèi liǎngběn, nēiběn guì? Which of these two books is more expensive? For each of the three patterns above (MORE—LESS—EQUAL), the comparison is made with a STATE verb. State verbs include adjectival verbs (hāo, "to be good"), auxiliary verbs (hui, "to know how to," "can"), and verbs describing mental attitudes or situations (zhidào, "to know"; xīhuan, "to like"; ài, "to love"). Tā bì wo ài chī Zhōngguo fàn. He loves to eat Chinese food more than I. Zhèijiàn shìqing, nī bī tā You know more about this than he does, zhīdào. Tā meiyou wǒ zhème xīhuan He doesn’t like to see movies as kàn diànyīng.                   much as I do. Although the verb phrase begins with a state verb, that may not be the only word in the comparison. It may be expanded to include other verbs (any type) and objects. The things being compared may also be expanded. Whole sentences may be placed in the slots for things compared: Zuò huochē meiyou zuò fēijī Going by train is not as fast as nàme kuài.                      going by plane. Wǒ xuē Zhōngwén bī tā xué It’s easier for him, studying history, lìshī rōngyi.                   than it is for me, studying Chinese. Although the prepositional verb bī is used to say that one thing is "more" than another, do not use the negative of this pattern to say that something is "less." Tā bī tā gēge néng shuō huà. He is a better talker (smoother talker) than his older brother. This pattern may also be expanded to indicate Just HOW MUCH more one thing is than another. (Place the amount after the verb in a sentence.) Zhèiběn bī nèiběn guì sānkuài This book is three dollars more qián.                           expensive than that one. Wǒ bī tā dà liǎngsuì.          I am two years older than she is. Another way to indicate how much more is to add -de duō, "a lot," to an adjectival verb. Zhèige bī nèige hǎokànde duō! This is much better looking than that! Use the pattern ...meiyou...nàme + state verb to say that one thing is less than another. Wǒde zì méiyou tāde nàme My characters don’t look as good as hāokàn.                          his. Tā xiǎng māide fángzi méiyou The house she wants to buy isn't as zhèige fángzi jin.              close as this one. The affirmative pattern ...you...nàme + state verb is ambiguous: it says that one item is AT LEAST AS expensive as another item which is either equally expensive or less expensive. This pattern is not as common as ...méiyou...nàme + state verb. The adverbs gèng, "even more," and zuì, "most," are easily used to compare more than two things. (Place these adverbs before the verb in a sentence.) Zhèi liāngběn hen guì, kěshi These two books are very expensive, nèiběn gèng guì.                but that one is even more expensive. DÌyīběn bl dìèrběn guì, kěshi The first book is more expensive than dìsānběn zuì guì.               that one, but the third one is the most expensive. If the entire sentence involves a comparison of the three books, the speaker may single out the most expensive book with zuì, or sometimes without it. Zhèi sānběn shū, nèibén guì? Of these three books, which is the (most) expensive one? Zhèiběn zuì guì.                This one is the most expensive. U. A: Nà bù hāo yìsi.’ B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Nèige dìfangde cài yǒu hāo yòu piányi. I can't let you do that! (That would be too embarrassing!) Don't be polite. It's nothing. The food there is both good and cheap. Notes on No. U Bù hāo yìsi is an idiomatic phrase meaning "to be embarrassing." In Chinese culture, treating someone to a meal both shows your respect for him and maintains your status as a generous host. In exchange U, Nà bù hāo yìsi means "I’m embarrassed to have you show me so much respect," or "I’m em-barrassed to appear to be too cheap to treat you." Bù hāo yìsi also means "to feel embarrassed." Yǒu...yòu..., "both...and.: The element following each yòu may be as simple as an adjectival verb or as complex as a full verb phrase. Tā háizi yòu huì shuō Yíngwén, His child can speak both English and yòu huì shuō Zhōngguo huà. Chinese. 5. A: Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo. B: Tāmen nǎli you haoxiē cǎi biéde dìfang chībuzháo. Any place you suggest is sure to be good. They have a good many dishes there that you can’t find (at) other places. Notes on No. 5 Yídìng, "certainly," can act as (ADVERB) Tā yídìng lǎi. Wǒ bù yídìng qù. Wǒ hái bù yídìng qù. (ADJECTIVAL VERB) Nī néitiān qù? Hái bù yídìng. Nǎ shi yídìngde. either an adverb or an adjectival verb He will definitely come. It’s not certain that I will go. It’s not yet certain that I will go On what day are you going there? It’s not certain yet. That’s for sure. Hǎoxiē means "a good many" or "a lot." You have seen -xiē, "several, "some," in zhèixie, "these," and nèixie, "those." The element -xiē also occurs in yìxiē, "some," "a few": Shūjiàzishang hái yǒu yìxiē shū, "There are still a few books on the bookcase." Biéde is the word for "other" in the sense of "a different one." LÌngwǎi is the word for "other" when you mean "an additional one." Chībuzháo: In this compound verb of result, the ending -zháo indicates success in obtaining something. Here are some examples of compounds ending in -zháo: Wǒ zhǎobuzháo tāde diànhuà I cannot find his phone number, hàomǎr. Jīntiān méi mǎizháo píngguǒ. I did not succeed in buying apples today. 6. bù yídìng not necessarily; it’s not definite 7. kànfa opinion, view 8. wǎnfàn supper, dinner 9- xiǎngfa idea, opinion 10. yìxiē some, several, a few 11. zǎofàn breakfast 12. zuòfa way of doing things, method, practice Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary Kànfa, "opinion,” ’’view," may be loosely translated as "way of looking at things." The word is made up of kàn, to look," and fǎ, "method," "way." Women duì zhèijiàn shìde Our opinions on this matter are not kànfa bù yíyàng.                the same. Xiǎngfa, "idea," "opinion," is made up of xiǎng, "to think," and fǎ, "method, "way." Xiǎngfa is a "way of thinking." The word is actually pronounced xiǎngfa. Tāde xiǎngfa gēn wǒde yíyàng. His way of thinking is the same as mine. Zuòfa, "way of doing things," "method," "practice," is made up of the verb zuò, "to do," and fǎ, "method," "way." Níde mùdi hen hǎo, kěshi wǒ Your goal is good, but I don’t like bù xǐhuan nǐde zuòfa.          your methods.

A. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma? (Let’s go have lunch together today. Okay?) OR Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn. (Today I am inviting you to go to eat lunch.) 2. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma? 3. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn. H. Xīngqīwǔ women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma? 5. Xīngqīliù wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn. 6. Míngtiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma? You; Hǎo, Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni. (All right. Today I’m inviting you.) Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn. (Don’t be so polite. Let’s Just go together and split the bill.) Hǎo, míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qīng ni. Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn. Hǎo, Xīngqīwǔ wǒ qīng ni. Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn. Hǎo, míngtiān wǒ qīng ni. B: Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Nèige ròu bī zhèige ròu hǎo. (This meat is better than that meat.) 2. Xīnde bī Jiùde hǎo. 3. Dàhuǎde cài bī Dōngménde cài hǎo. You: Zhèige ròu méiyou nèige ròu nàme hǎo. (This meat is not as good as that meat.) Jiùde méiyou xīnde nàme hǎo. Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuǎde cài nàme hǎo. U. Tāde qiān bǐ wǒde qian duō. 5. Nèige ròu bǐ zhèige ròu guì. 6. Jiù shū bǐ xīn shū piányi. 7. Tā kāi chē bǐ wo kāide kuài. Wǒde qiān meiyou tāde qiān name duō. Zhèige ròu meiyou nèige ròu name guì. Xīn shū meiyou j iù shū name piányi. Wǒ kāi chē meiyou tā kāide name kuài C. Combination Drill 1. Speaker: Bu tài hǎo. Lí women Jiā jìn. (It is not too good. It is close to us.) OR Hen hao. Lí women jiā tài yuan. (It is very good. It is too far from us.) 2. Bu tài fāngbian. Lí women Jiā jìn. 3. Bu tài piányi. LÍ women j iā Jìn. 1. Hěn piányi. Lí women jiā tài yuan. 5. Hěn hǎo. Lí women Jiā tài yuan. 6. Bu tài hǎo. Lí women Jiā hěn Jìn. You: Suírán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā jìn. (Even though it is not too good it is close to us.) Suírán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn. (Even though it is very good, it is too far from us.) Suirán bú tài fāngbian, kěshi lí women jiā jìn. Suirán bú tài piányi, kěshi lí women jiā jìn. Suirán hěn piányi, kěshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn. Suirán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí women Jiā tài yuǎn. Suirán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā hěn Jìn. D. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Nèige fànguǎnzi lí zhèr hen jin. (cue) zhèige (That restaurant is very close to here.) 2. Tā jiā lí zhèr hen jin. wǒ jiā 3. Nèige yínháng lí zhèr hen yuan. Zhōngguo Yínháng H. Wǔlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr hen yuan, nèige Qìchēzhàn 5. Wuguānchù lí zhèr hen yuan. Dàshiguǎn 6. Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr hen jin. Gōnglùjú chēzhàn T. Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr hen yuǎn. Lī Jiàoshòu jiā You: Zhèige fànguǎnzi bī nèige fànguǎnzi lí zhèr gèng jin. (This restaurant is even closer to here than that restaurant.) Wǒ jiā bī tā jiā lí zhèr gèng jin. Zhōngguo Yínháng bī nèige yínháng lí zhèr gèng yuǎn. Nèige Qìchēzhàn bī Wūlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr gèng yuǎn. Dàshiguǎn bī Wuguānchù lí zhèr gèng yuǎn. Gōnglùjú chēzhàn bī Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr gèng jin. Lī Jiàoshòu Jiā bī Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr gèng yuǎn. E. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián. (cue) the same (Both Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wáng have money Care rich].) 2. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián. more 3. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián.    less U. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián.    even more You: Zhāng Xiǎojiě gēn Wáng Xiānsheng yíyàng you qián. (Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wáng are equally rich.) Zhāng Xiǎojiě bī Wáng Xiānsheng you qián. Zhāng Xiǎojiě meiyou Wáng Xiānsheng name you qián. Zhāng Xiǎojiě bī Wáng Xiānsheng gèng you qián. 5- Zhang Xiǎojiěde qián, Wang Xiānshengde qián dōu hen duō. the same 6. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Xiānshengde qián dōu hen duō. less 7. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Xiānshengde qián dōu hěn duō. even more Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián gēn Wáng Xiānshengde qián yíyàng duō. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián méiyou Wáng Xiānshengde qián nàme duō. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián hi Wáng Xiānshengde qián gèng duo. F. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Nīmen zhèrde cài hěn hǎo. (cue) exceptionally (Your food here is very good.) 2. Nímen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo. extremely 3. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. a little (more) U. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn. even more 5. Nímen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo. extremely 6. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. expecially 7. Nímen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo. You: Nímen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo. (Your food here is exceptionally good.) Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn. Nímen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo. Nimen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. Nimen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo. G. Combination Drill 1. Speaker: Zhèiběn shū hěn hǎo. Zhèiběn shū hěn pianyi. (This book is good. This book is inexpensive.) 2. Nǐ maide dìtú hěn hǎo. Nǐ mǎide dìtú hěn piányi. 3. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn hǎo. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn dà. U. Nèibān fēijī hěn kuài. Nèibān fēijī hěn piányi. 5. Zuò huǒchē qù hěn hǎo. Zuò huǒchē qù hěn fāngbian. 6. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn jìn. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn piányi. 7. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn piányi. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn hǎo. You: Zhèiběn shū you hǎo you piányi (This book is both good and inexpensive.) Nǐ mǎide dìtú you hǎo you piányi. Tā zhùde fàndiàn you hǎo you dà. Nèibān fēijī you kuài you piányi. Zuò huǒchē qù you hǎo you fāngbian. Zhège fànguǎnzi yòu jìn you piányi. Tā mǎide dìtǎn yòu piányi yòu hǎo. H. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng hǎo. (cue) chī (The meat here is exceptionally good.) 2. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo. mǎi 3. Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo. mǎi k. Zhèrde diànyǐng fēicháng hǎo. kàn 5. Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō. kàn You: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang chībuzháo. (The meat here is exceptionally good. You can’t find anything like it anywhere else.) Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo. Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo. Zhèrde diànyǐng fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang kànbuzháo. Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō, biéde dìfang kànbuzháo. 6. Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo. mǎi 7. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo. chi Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang chībuzháo. Drying rice in front of a temple in central Taiwan

(in Taipei) 1. B:  Wèi. A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma? 2. B:  Shìde. Nín shi bu shi Bai Nushì? A:  Shi. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi xiang gēn nín dating dating. 3. B: Shénme shi? A: Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, shi gāng pàilaide; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le. 4. B: Bú cuò, Fāng Deming shi shàngge libài pài dào women zhèli láide. B: Zěnme? Ni rènshi ta ma? 5. A: Bú rènshi. A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, suoyi xiǎng qīng ni gěi wo Jièshao jièshao. 6. B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan... hǎo, women xiànzài dōu yǒu gōngfu. B: Nī xiànzài néng lái ma? 7. A: Xíng. A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì lái. A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtǒu Jiù dào. Hello. Is this Mr. Zhāng? Yes. Is this Miss White? Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something I would like to ask you about. What is it? I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fāng Join you, who has Just been assigned to your office. I have forgotten his given name. That’s right. Fāng Démíng was sent over here last week. Why? Do you know him? I don’t know him. However, I have heard that he also graduated from the University of California, so I wanted to ask you to introduce me to him. No problem. I'll take a look.... Okay, we are both free now. Can you come now? That will be fine. I’ll come to your office right away. I'll be there in about half an hour. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 8. jìde to remember 9. rénde to recognize, to know (alternate word for rènshi) 10. rènshi zì to know how to read (literally, ”to recognize characters") 11. wang to forget (alternate word for wàngj: especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something) 12. wánquán completely 13. xiǎngqilai to think of, to remember 14. zuǒyòu approximat ely bìyè bú cuò chàbuduō dating J ide mǎshàng mei wèntí pài dào pàilai rènde rènshi rènshi zì tīngshuō wàng wàngj i wánquán wèntí xiǎngqilai zuǒyòu (introduced on C-2 tape) cōngming duōde duō kěnéng Shìjiè Yínháng xiū Jià yanjiuyuàn yàobushi...Jiù shi... yònggōng yuèchū yuèdǐ to graduate not bad, pretty good; that’s right almost, about, approximately to inquire about, to ask about to remember immediately (there’s) no problem to send to to send here to recognize, to know to recognize, to know to know how to read (literally, ”to recognize characters”) to hear that to forget to forget completely problem, question to think of, to remember approximat ely to be intelligent much more maybe World Bank to take a vacation graduate school if it’s not...then it will be... to be hardworking the beginning of the month the end of the month 1.  B:  Wèi. A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma? 2.  B:  Shìde. Nín shi bu shi Bái Nushì? A:  Shi. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dating dating. Hello. Is this Mr. Zhāng? Yes. Is this Miss White? Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something I would like to ask you about. Notes on Nos. 1-2 Gēn nín dating, "ask information from you": Note that the prepositional verb gēn is translated as "from." Dating, "to inquire," is less formal than qǐngjiào and requests information rather than advice. Objects of reduplicated verbs: Reduplicated verbs may be followed only by DEFINITE objects. Indefinite objects of reduplicated verbs precede those verbs. In the last sentence of exchange 2, the object of the reduplicated verb dating dating is indefinite: yíjiàn shi, "a matter" Thus the object is introduced in the clause wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi which precedes the entire verb phrase xiǎng gēn nín dating dating. Reduplicating a verb makes it indefinite; adding an indefinite object might cause confusion. The reduplicated verbs in the sentences below have definite objects: Wǒ xiǎng dating gēn nín dǎting nèijiàn shi. I would like to ask you about that. Wǒ xiǎng dǎting gēn nín dǎting zhèijiàn shi. I would like to ask you about this. Wǒ xiǎng dǎt ing gēn nín dǎting tāde shi. I would like to matter (about ask you about his him). Wǒ xiǎng dǎting gēn nín dǎting nǐde nèijiàn shi. I would like to ask you about that matter of yours. Simple verbs are used in the following sentences, which have indefinite objects: Wǒ xiǎng gēn yìdiǎn shi. nín dǎt ing I would like thing. to ask you about some- Wǒ xiǎng gēn duō shi. nín dǎting hěn I would like of things. to ask you about a lot Wo xiǎng gēn Jijiàn shi. nín dǎting I would like things. to ask you about a few 3. B: Shénme shi? A: Tīngshuō nín nabian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng, shi gang pàilaide; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le. What is it? I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fāng join you, who has just been assigned to your office. I have forgotten his given name. Notes on No. 3 Tīngshuō corresponds to the English "I hear that....” ...laile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, ’’there came a Mr. Fāng”: While "a" and ’’the" are used in English to distinguish between indefinite and definite, word order accomplishes the same distinction in Chinese. The subject "A Mr. Fāng” is placed AFTER the verb because the subject is indefinite. With an indefinite subject following the verb, information preceding the verb may give location, time, or other scene-setting details. Zhèr xīn kāile yige hen        A very good restaurant opened here hǎode fànguǎnzi.                recently. Zuótiān láile yìxiē Rìběn Some Japanese came yesterday, rén. Yījīng qùle wǔbǎige rén.       Five hundred people have already gone there. Verbs of appearing and verbs of disappearing ("to come,” "to discover," "to happen/occur") introduce indefinite subjects, as do the words yǒu and yǒude. Wàibian you Jige rén zhao nī. Yǒude rén bù xīhuan hē chá. There are some people outside who want to see you. Some people don’t like to drink tea Some situations may be described with either yǒu or another verb. Zuótiān you yige rén lái zhāo nī. Zuótiān láile yige rén yào zhāo ni dāngmiàn tántan. Yesterday there was someone here looking for you. Yesterday someone was here who was looking for you to talk with you in person. Subjects occurring at the end of a sentence are indefinite, whether or not they are accompanied by yige. Subjects preceding the verb in a sentence are definite, whether or not they are accompanied by zhèige, nèige, zhèixiē nèixiē, or other specifying words. Lái rén le. Rén lái le. Some people have come. The people have come, (i.e., those whom we were expecting) Míngzi means "name"—of an object, a place, or a person (GIVEN NAME). Occasionally, míngzi is used, for a person’s full name (surname and given name). This usage is more common in the PRC. Wàngji is a verb meaning "to forget"—used especially in reference to forgetting facts. Wàng, "to forget," is more commonly used, for forgetting to do something. The verb J ide means "to remember." U. B: Bú cuò, Fang Deming shi        That’s right. Fang Deming was sent shàngge lībài pài dào          over here last week, women zhèli láide. B: Zěnme? NǏ rènshi ta ma? Why? Do you know him? Notes on No. k Bú cuò means "not bad" in the sense of "pretty good," "pretty well," "all right." Nǐ zěnmeyàng?                   How are things going? Bú cuò.                          Not bad. In the first sentence of No. k, bú cuò means "that’s right, your information is not wrong." Lǐ Xiānsheng, nǐ gang cóng Xianggang huílai, shi ma? Bú cuò, wǒ shi zuotiān huilaide. Here are more examples of bú cuò: Nèige fànguānzide cài zhēn bú cuò. Tā shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde bú cuò. In the first example, notice that an Mr. Li, you Just got back from Hong Kong, didn’t you? That’s right. I got back yesterday. That restaurant really has pretty good food. He speaks Chinese pretty well. adverb precedes bú cuò: zhēn bú cuò Pài dào...lái is a three-part verb: action verb (also expressing MOTION), prepositional verb (must take an object), and directional verb (lái, qù) ACTION PREPOSITIONAL                DIRECTIONAL VERB         VERB         OBJECT         VERB pāo dào shānshang qù ban dào zhèr lái ná dào xuéxiào qù zōu dào hōubianr lái to run up on the hill” to move it into here” to take it to school” to walk to the back” Zěnme, ’’why," ”how come,” ”how is it that...,”9 is a more colloquial and challenging word for ’’why” than wèishenme. Only a reason or an explanation is requested by wèishénme. Zěnme expresses more, emphasizing the speaker’s surprise or lack of understanding. Nimende bàngōngshì zěnme How is it that your office is so zènme xiǎo?                     small? Tā fùmǔ dōu shuō Zhōngguo huà, tā zěnme bú huì shuō? Zènme yàojìnde shi, wō zěnme wàngle zuò le? Nì zěnme bú niàn shū ne? Nì zěnme bù shuō huà? You shénme bù gāoxìngde shi ma? Both his parents speak Chinese. How is it that he can’t? How could I have forgotten to do such an important thing? How come you’re not studying? How come you’re not saying anything? Is there something you are unhappy about ? The meaning of zěnme is sometimes affected by the aspect marker used: Ni zěnme lái le?               How come you are here? (i.e., ’’What are you doing here?”) Nì (shi) zěnme láide? How did you get here? (i.e., by what means of transportation) Rènshi the state verb means ”to know” in the sense of ”to be acquainted with,” "to be familiar with,” ”to recognize.” As an action verb, rènshi means to meet, to get acquainted (STATE VERB) Nī rènshi Zhāng Guóquán ma? Nī rènshi ta ma? Women bú tài rènshi. Women qùnián hai bú rènshi. (ACTION VERB) Wǒ zài Měiguode shíhou, rènshile hen duō Měiguo niánqīng rén.10 Wǒ shi qiánnián rènshi tade. Nèige shíhou women hai méi rènshi. Tā shi yige hen hāode rén, nī yīnggāi rènshi renshi.11 with.” Do you know Zhāng Guóquán? Do you know him? We are not too well acquainted. We did not know each other yet last year. When I was in America, I met a lot of young Americans. I met him the year before last. At that time we had not yet met. He is a very good person; you should get to know him. As a state verb, rènshi is used for "knowing” or "recognizing" Chinese characters. Nī rènshi duōshǎoge Zhōngguo How many Chinese characters do you zì?                            know/recognize? Nī rènshi zhèige zì ma?        Do you recognize this character? Contrast the meanings of rènshi and zhīdào: rènshi, "to know" a person; zhīdào, "to know of" a person Nī rènshi Tang Xiǎojiě ma?     Do you know Miss Tang? Wǒ zhīdào ta, dànshi women     I know of her, but we haven’t met. méi Jiànguo. When a place is being discussed, rènshi means "to know how to get LthereJ." Zhīdào continues to mean "to know of La place]." Nī rènshi nèige diànyīngyuàn Do you know how to get to that movie ma?                            theater? Nī zhīdào nèige diànyīngyuàn Do you know of that movie theater? ma? 5. A: Bú rènshi. A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, suéyi xiǎng qīng ni gěi wo jièshao Jièshao. I don’t know him. However, I have heard that he also graduated from the University of California, so I wanted to ask you to introduce me to him. Note on No. 5 the University of California": type of school may stand such as Shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, "graduated from The name of a school or a word describing the in front of the verb bìyè with no preceding prepositional verb, céng, "from." Nī érzi yījīng dàxué/zhōng-xué/xiǎoxué bìyè le ma? Tā dàxué hái méi bìyè ne. Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède. Has your son graduated from college/ high school/elementary school already? He has not graduated from college yet He graduated from Taiwan University. at," or céng, "from." What high school did you graduate from? I graduated last year from the University of Texas. I graduated from Běijīng University in ’78. Bìyè may also be preceded by either zài, Nī shi zài neige zhōngxué bìyède? Wǒ qùnián céng Dézhōu Dàxué bìyè le. Wǒ shi qībānián céng Běijīng Dàxué bìyède. Bìyè, meaning "to complete a course of study," is a compound made up of a verb plus a general object. For this reason, the object yè may be separated from the verb bì. This separation occurs most frequently in sentences containing the shi... de construction. Tā shi yīJiǔqīliànián bide yè. He graduated in 1976. 6. B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan...hǎo, women xiànzài dōu yǒu gōngfu. No problem. I’ll take a look Okay, we are both free now. Can you come now? B: Nī xiànzài néng lái ma? Note on No. 6 The noun wèntí can mean "question," "problem," or "difficulty." Tā wènle hǎoduō wèntí.         He asked a lot of questions. Nà shi yige hěn dàde wèntí. That’s a hig problem. Nì yǒu wèntí ma? could mean either ”Do you have any questions?” or ’’Are you having any problems?” 7. A: Xíng.                            That will be fine. A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì I’ll come to your office right away, lái. A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu jiù I’ll be there in about half an hour, dào. Notes on No. 7 The adverb mashàng (literally, ”on horseback”) means "immediately,” "right away." Chàbuduō may be translated fairly literally as "does not differ much." Other translations are "about,” "approximately," "almost." Chàbuduō bādiǎn le. Zhèběn shū wǒ chàbuduō kànwán le. Tāmen chàbuduō bādiSn zhōng lái. Nàge xuexiào yǒu chàbuduō sānbǎige xuésheng. 8. Jìde 9. rènde 10. rènshi zì 11. wàng 12. wánquán 13. xiāngqilai 1U. zuǒyōu It is nearly eight o’clock. I have almost finished reading this book. They are coming at around eight o’clock. That school has approximately three hundred students. to remember to recognize, to know (alternate word for rènshi) to know how to read (literally, "to recognize characters") to forget (alternate word for wàngji, especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something) completely to think of, to remember approximat ely Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary The verb jìde, ”to remember,” acts Ni Jide Wáng Xiao Ming ma? Jìde. Tā shi wǒ àiren dàxuéde tóngxué. Wǒ zuótiān bú Jìde tā xing shénme. Jīntiān you xiǎngqilai le. like a state verb. Do you remember Wáng Xiao Ming? I remember (him). He is my spouse’s college classmate. Yesterday I couldn’t remember what his name is. Today I remembered it (again). Rende, "to recognize," "to know," is usually interchangeable with rènshi. Both rènshi and rende are most often made negative with bù. Nī rende ta ma?                Do you know him? Bú rende.                        No. Tā lù yě bú rende.             He doesn’t even know the way. Women qùnián hái bú rénde. We did not know each other last year. Wàng, "to forget," is an action verb. Wǒ hen róngyi bǎ rén míngzi I forget people’s names very easily, wàng le. Nimen dōu bǎ chēpiào nálai Did all of you bring your bus tickets? le ma? Wǒ wàng le.                     I forgot (mine). Wǒ méi wàng.                    I didn’t forget. Wánquán, "completely," is an adverb used to modify verbs. Tā xiěde zì wánquán duì.       The character he wrote is completely right. Tā wánquán bù dong.            He doesn’t understand any part of this. Wǒ wánquán bù zhīdào zhèijiàn I don’t know anything about this shi.                             matter. Xiǎngqilai, "to think of," "to remember," is a compound verb of result. It is made up of xiǎng, "to think"; qī, "to rise"; and lái, "to come."12 As an ending showing result, -qīlái may have either its literal meaning of "to come up" or more abstract meanings such as "to come to mind."13 Qǐng bǎ yīzi bānqilai. Qīng nimen zhànqilai. Nèige zì wo xiǎngqilai le. Please lift up the chair. Please stand up. I remember that character. Zuǒyòu (literally, "left-right”) Wǒ wǔdiǎn zuǒyòu lai jiē ni. Nī qù mǎi diǎnr píngguǒ, hǎo bu hǎo? Yào duōshǎo? Sānjīn zuǒyòu jiù gòu le. means "approximately,” "about." I will come to get you about five o’clock. How about going to buy some apples? How many do you want? About three catties should be enough A. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting. (I have something I would like to ask you about.) OR Nèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting. (I would like to ask you about that matter.) 2. Wǒ yǒu hěn duō shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting. 3. Zhèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting. U. Tāde shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting. 5. Wǒ you jijiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting. 6. Nide nèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting. You; Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting yíjiàn shi. (l would like to ask you something. ) Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nèijiàn shi. (I would like to ask you about that matter.) Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting hěn duō shi Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting zhèi' jiàn shi. Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting tāde shi. Wo xiǎng gēn nín dǎting jijiàn shi. Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nide nèijiàn shi. B. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker; Tāde míngzi wǒ wàng le. (I have forgotten his given name.) 2. Tāde dìzhì wǒ wàngJi le. 3. Tā shénme shíhou lai wǒ wàng le. It. Nèibān fēijī jldiǎn zhōng dào wǒ wàngji le. You: Tāde míngzi wo wàng le, ni hái jìde ma? (I have forgotten his given name. Do you remember it?) Tāde dìzhì wǒ wàngji le, ni hai jìde ma? Tā shénme shíhou lái wǒ wàng le, nì. hai jìde ma? Nèibān fēijī jldiǎn zhōng dào wǒ wàngji le, ni hái Jìde ma? 5. Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo qùde wō wàng le. 6. Women zài náli huàn chē wō wàngji le. 7. Yínháng Jīdiǎn zhōng guān mén wō wàng le. Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo qùde wō wàng le, ni hái Jide ma? Wōmen zài náli huàn chē wō wàngji le, ni hái Jide ma? Yínháng jīdiǎn zhōng guān mén wō wàng le, ni hái jìde ma? C. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàilaide. (cue) zhèli (I have heard he was Just sent over.) 2. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude. nàli 3. Tīngshuō Lī Xiānsheng shi gāng pàilaide. Táihěi U. Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pàiqude.    Táinán 5. Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pàilaide .    Táizhōng 6. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude. Gāoxiōng 7. Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pàilaide. zhèli You: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào zhèli láide. (I have heard he was Just sent over here.) Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào nàli qùde. Tīngshuō Lī Xiānsheng shi gāng pài dào Táihěi láide. Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pài dào Táinán qùde. Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pài dào Táizhōng láide. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào Gāoxiōng qùde. Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pài dào zhèli láide. D. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Tā shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué You: Tā shi yījiǔsìwǔnián Jiāzhōu bìyède.                          Dàxué bìyède. (cue) yījiǔsìwǔnián          (In 19^5 he graduated from the (He graduated from the           University of California.) University of California. ) 2. Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔwǔliùnián 3. Tā shi Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔliùqīnián U. Tā shi Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède. yīJ iǔliùèrnián 5. Tā shi Běijīng Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsìqīnián 6. Tā shi Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsānlíngnián 7. Tā shi Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsānqīnián Tā shi yījiǔwǔliùnián Táiwān Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔliùqīnián Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔliùèrnián Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔsìqīnián Běijīng Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔsānlíngnián Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède. Tā shi yījiǔsānqīnián Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède. E. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige zì. (I have seen this character before.) OR Wǒ zhīdào tā shi shéi. (I know who he is.) 2. Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě. 3. Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang. 4. Wǒ zhīdào tā shi LĪ Kēzhǎng. You: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige zì, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi zhèige zì. (I have seen this character before, but I don’t recognize it.) Wǒ zhīdào tā shi shéi, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta. (I know who he is, but I’m not acquainted with him.) Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi Zhāng Xiǎojiě. Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi nèige dìfang. Wǒ zhīdào tā shi Lī Kēzhǎng, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi Lī Kēzhǎng. 5. Wǒ kànjianguo.                      Wǒ kànjianguo, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi. 6. Wǒ zhīdao tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde Wǒ zhidao tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde gēge, gēge.                               kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta. F. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker; Chàbuduō bànge zhōng-tǒu jiù dào. (I’ll be there in about half an hour.) 2. Chàbuduō yào yíge zhōngtǒu. 3. Tā zhùle chàbuduō sāntiān. U. Tā chàbuduō wǔshísuì le. 5. Nèiběn shū chàbuduō yào shíkuài qián. 6. Chàbuduō yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn zhōng. 7. Chàbuduō sānge xingqī. You: Bànge zhōngtǒu zuǒyòu jiù dào (i’ll be there in about half an hour.) Yào yíge zhōngtǒu zuǒyòu. Tā zhùle sāntiān zuǒyòu. Tā wǔshísuì zuǒyòu le. Nèiběn shū yào shíkuài qián zuǒyòu Yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn zhōng zuǒyòu. Sānge xīngqī zuǒyòu. G. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Ni xiànzài lái ma? (cue) mǎshàng (Are you coming now?) 2. Tā bādiǎn zhōng lái ma? chàbuduō 3. Tā shídiǎn zhōng qù ma? zuǒyòu U. Nimen xiànzài zǒu ma? mǎshàng 5. Tāmen báhào qù ma? zuǒyòu 6. Tāmen Jiúdiǎn zhōng lái ma? chàbuduō 7. Ni shíhào zài Niù Yuē ma? zuǒyòu You: Wǒ mǎshàng lǎi. (I’m coming right away.) Tā chàbuduō bādiǎn zhōng lǎi. Tā shídiǎn zhōng zuǒyòu qù. Wōmen mǎshàng zǒu. Tāmen báhào zuǒyòu qù. Tāmen chàbuduō jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái Wǒ shíhào zuǒyòu zài Niù Yuē.

1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī. A: Wei, wo shi Láidēng Dàshi-de mishū. 2. A: Dàshī jiēzháo nimende qǐngtiě le. 3. A: Hen kěxī, yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè jiǔ hào bù néng lai. A: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng. A: Hen bàoqiàn. U. B: Hen yíhàn, Laidēng Dàshǐ bù néng lái. B: Wǒ tì ni zhuangào yíxià. 5. A: Mǎ Mínglǐ, women yǒu Jige tongxué Xingqīliù jìhua dào Chángchéng qù wánr. A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqī qù? 6. B: Zhēn bù qiǎo. B: Nèitiān women yǒu shì, méi bànfa qù. T. A: Xiwang yīhòu zài zhao jīhui jùyijù ba. B: Hǎo a. Hello. This is the Protocol Department. Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary. The ambassador received your invitation. Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on August 9. Please inform Minister Qiáo. I’m very sorry. We very much regret that Ambassador Leyden cannot come. I will pass on the message for you. Mǎ Mínglǐ, a few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall Saturday for an outing. Can you go with us? We really couldn’t make that. We have a previous engagement that day; we have no way of going. I hope that late we will find an other opportunity to get together. Okay. ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes) 8. dàjiā 9. jiēdào 10. tǒngshì 11. yinggāi everybody, everyone to receive (alternate form of jiēzháo) fellow worker, colleague should, ought to, must ban fa bàoqiàn bùzhǎng method, way to be sorry minister (of a government organization) Chángchéng the Great Wall dàjiā everybody, everyone Jiē to receive (mail, messages, guests, phone calls) jiēdào to receive Jù to assemble jùyijù to get together kěxl unfortunately, what a pity Llbīnsī Protocol Department (PRC) méi banfa there’s no way out, it can’t be helped mi shū secretary, executive assistant qiǎo to be timely, to be opportune qingtiě (qìngtiē) written invitation tì substituting for, in place of tóngshì fellow worker, colleague tóngxué classmate yíhàn to regret (that something desirable will not happen) yīnggāi should, ought to, must zhuǎngào to pass on a message, to inform (introduced on C-2 tape) cānjiā to participate in, to join, to attend dào xi to congratulate dìèrtiān the next day Jīngj ibù Ministry of Economics jūnshì yǎnxí military maneuvers láodōng mófàn model worker nánbù the southern part (of the island), the south shàngxiào tīngdechūlái colonel to be able to recognize what something is from the sound tóngxuéhuì alumni association (literally, "fellow-student group") tōngzhī xièxie tāde yāoqing zhèngzhi xuéxí zhuchí jiéhūn (written) announcement, notification to thank him for his invitation political study session to preside at a marriage ceremony (i.e., to give the bride away) zǒng jīnglī general manager (chief executive officer) (introduced in Communication Game) dàngāo qìsi cake cheese 1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī.         Hello. This is the Protocol Department. A: Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshǐde    Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s mishū.                           secretary. Notes on No. 1 Lǐbīnsī, meaning "protocol department," is made up of lǐ, "ceremony"; bin, "honored guests"; and sī, "department." Mishū means "secretary" in two senses: 1) a high-ranking official 2) a clerk-typist. 2. A: Dàshǐ Jiēzháo nǐmende qǐngtiě le. The ambassador received your invitation. Notes on No. 2 The verb Jiē, "to receive," may be used for receiving guests, mail, messages, and phone calls. Jiēzháo (jiēdao), "to receive," is a compound verb of result. The endings -zháo and -dào mean approximately the same thing: "to successfully obtain something" Jiēzháo and Jiēdao occur in four ways: with le or mei (describing ACTUAL situations) and with -de- or -bu- (describing POTENTIAL situations) Wǒ zuótiān qù huǒchēzhàn Jiē Yesterday I went to the train station ta, kěshi méi Jiēzháo/ to get him, but I missed him. Jiēdào. Nǐ zǎo yìdiǎnr qù Jiē ta, If you go a little earlier, (then) Jiù Jiēdezháo/Jiēdedào. you can get him. Míngtiān yàoshi láiwǎnle If I am late tomorrow, (then) I won’t Jiù Jiēbuzháo/Jiēbudào (be able to) receive his phone call. tāde diànhuà. Qingtiě refers to a written invitation. The word is also pronounced qǐngtiě. 3. A: Hen kěxī, yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè Jiǔhào "bù néng lái. Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on August 9- Please inform Minister Qiáo. I’m very sorry. A: Qīng ni zhuangào Qiáo Bùzhǎng. A: Hen bàoqiàn. Notes on No. 3 Kěxī may be used as an exclamation: Zhēn kěxī! ’’That’s really too bad!” Zhuǎngào means "to pass along Cword of something]." Zhuǎn literally means "to turn" or "to transmit." Gào means "to tell,” as in gàosu. Bàoqiàn is an adjectival verb that means "to be sorry," "to feel apologetic" (e.g., for not fulfilling one’s social obligations). Literally, bào means "to embrace Ca feeling]," "to harbor Ca feeling]." Qiàn means "apologetic feelings," "guilt feelings." H. B: Hěn yíhàn, Láidēng Dàshī bù néng lái. B: Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià. We very much regret that Ambassador Leyden cannot come. I will pass on the message for you. Notes on No. U Yíhàn is a formal term used to express disappointment or regret that something desirable will not happen. Tì, "for," "in place of," is a prepositional verb meaning in place of another, or in another’s stead. Jīntiān wǒ tì nī Jiāo shū. I will teach for you today, (i.e., in your place) Wǒ tì nī qù.                    I will go for you. (i.e., instead of you) To make a sentence containing tì negative, place bù or méi in front of the prepositional verb. Wǒ bú yào tì ni qù mǎi cài. I don’t want to go to buy groceries for you. Tā méi tì wǒ lái Jiǎng huà. He did not come to speak in my place. Both gěi and tì may be translated as "for." Gěi, having a wider range of usage, would seem to overlap in some instances with tì. The more exact meaning of tì may be used to clarify a situation. Wǒ gěi ni mǎi cài. Wǒ tì ni mǎi cài. I will buy groceries for you. (WHO PAYS? DID YOU VOLUNTEER ONLY TO SHOP, OR TO PAY ALSO?) I will buy groceries for you. (CLARIFIED: YOU HAVE VOLUNTEERED ONLY TO SHOP, NOT TO PAY.) Yíxià, "a bit,” is not translated in No. U. This word adds to the action in the sentence a casual feeling, similar to the effect of reduplicating a verb. (Notice that this use of yíxià is different from previous examples, where the word meant ”for a little while.”) 5. A: Mǎ Mínglǐ, women you Jige tóngxué Xīngqīliù jìhua dào Chángchéng qù wánr. A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqī qù? Mǎ Mínglǐ, a few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall Saturday for an outing. Can you go with us? Notes on No. 5 Tongxué means "fellow student" or "graduate of the same institution. "Fellow worker" or "colleague" is tǒngshì. Chángchéng: Cháng means "long," and chéng is an old word for "city wall." The full name of the Great Wall is Wànlǐ Chángchéng, literally "10,000 lǐ-long wall."14 Néng, kéyi, and huì compared: and therefore state verbs—mean " The core meaning of néng is "can, In some cases, néng may also mean is possible," and "to know how to.' Wǒde tóu téng, bù néng kàn shū. Shàng kède shíhou, bù néng shuō huà. Zhījiāgē Shíyīyuè jiù néng xià xuě. Tǎ zhēn néng shuō huà. The core meaning of kéyi is "can," also mean "could be/is possible." All three of these auxiliary verbs— can" to some extent. "to be able to," "to be capable of." may," "to be permitted," "could be/ I My head aches; I can’t read. Talking is not permitted during class. It can snow in November in Chicago. (POSSIBILITY) He really knows how to talk. "may," "to be permitted to." Kéyi may The permission implied by kéyi may come from an outside authority or may be self-imposed. NÍ kéyi zǒu le.                 You may leave. Cong zhèige mén jìnqu, kéyi May one go in through this door? ma? Nàrde fàn kéyi chī.            The food there may be eaten, (i.e., it is possible to eat it) Wǒ bù shūfu, bù kéyi yóuyǒng. I don’t feel good; I can’t go swimming. (i.e., the speaker decides that he should not go) The core meaning of huì is "to know how to," "can." Huì is often used for an activity that was learned, in contrast to néng for activities that "can be done" because of a person’s physical condition ("Can she get out of bed yet?" Tā néng bu néng xià chuáng?). The other main use of huì is to indicate possibility. Here it overlaps with both néng and kéyi in meaning "could be/ is possible." Nìde érzi huì zǒu lù le ma? Can your son walk now? (BABY LEARNING TO WALK) Nì huì shuō Yīngwén ma?        Can you speak English? Míngtiān huì xià yǔ.           It might/will rain tomorrow. Tā bú huì bù lái.               It is not possible that he won’t come. 6. B: Zhen bù qiǎo. B: Neitiān women yǒu shi, méi bànfa qù. We really couldn’t make that. We have a previous engagement that day; we have no way of going. Notes on No. 6 Bù qiǎo literally means "inopportune," "not timely." Méi bànfa: Bànfa means "method," "way." Within a sentence, méi bànfa is used as "there is no way to...," "there is no way that...." Used independently, méi bànfa means "nothing can be done," "it can’t be helped," "there is no way out." 7. A: Xīwang yīhòu zài zhāo Jīhui I hope that later we will find JùyiJù ba. another opportunity to get together B: Hǎo a. Okay. 8. dàjiā everybody, everyone 9. J iēdao to receive (alternate form for J iēzháo) 10. tōngshì fellow worker, colleague 11. yīnggāi should, ought to, must Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary Literally, dàjiā means "big family." When dàjiā is the subject of a sentence, dōu is often placed before the verb. Dàjiā dōu zhīdào tā shi shéi. Everyone knows who he is. Xièxie dàjiā.                   Thank you all. Qīng dàjiā zuōxialai.          Would everyone please sit down. Wōmen dàjiā yìqī qù ba.        Let’s all go together. Yīnggāi is an auxiliary verb, which is followed by another verb in a sentence. Only bù is used to make yīnggāi negative. Bú xiè, zhèi shi women yīnggāi zuòde shi. ZhèiJiàn shìqing hen yàoJIn, nī yīnggāi māshàng qù bàn. Yige dàxué bìyède rén, bù yīnggāi yōu zhèiyangde xiǎngfa. Don’t thank us. This is something we should be doing. This is a very important thing; you should (go) take care of it right away. Someone who has graduated from college shouldn’t think this way. A. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Tā zài Wàijiāobù Lībīnsī gōngzuò. (cue) wǔlóu (He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cin3 the Protocol Department.) 2. Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. qīlóu 3. Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguān gōngzuò . loushàng U. Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Guānghuá Lù 5. Zhāng Tongzhì zài Shànghai gōngzuò. Nánj īng Lù 6. Wáng Nushì zài yínháng gōngzuò. èrlóu 7. Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. sānlōu You: Tā zài Wàijiācbù Lībīnsī gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài wǔlóu. (He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cin3 the Protocol Department. His office is on the fifth floor.) Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài qīlóu. Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguān gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài lóushàng. Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Guānghuá Lù. Zhāng Tóngzhì zài Shànghai gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Nánjīng Lù. Wáng Nushì zài yínháng gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài èrlóu. Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài sānlóu. B. Response Drill 1. Speaker: Dàshī jiēzháo qīngtiě le ma? (cue) not yet (Has the ambassador received the invitation yet?) 2. Tāmen dōu Jiezháo qīngtiě le ma? not all 3. Nīmen jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qīngtiě le ma? yes h. Tāmen Jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīngtiě le ma? already You: Dàshī hái méi jiēzháo qīngtiě. (The ambassador has not received the invitation yet.) Tāmen méi dōu jiēzháo qīngtiě. Women jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qīngtiě le. Tāmen yījīng jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīngtiě le. 5. Nīmen jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīng-tiě le ma? not yet 6. Tā jiēzháo qǐngtiě le ma? no 7. Nǐ jiēzháo Wǔguānchùde qǐngtiě le ma? yes Women hái mei jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qǐngtiě. Tā méi jiēzháo qǐngtiě. Wǒ jiēzháo Wuguānchùde qǐngtiě le. C. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Tā bù néng lái. (cue) kěxī (He cannot come.) 2. Tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù hěn hǎo.    kěxī 3. Tā méi lái. yíhàn U. Tāmen bù néng dōu lái. bàoqiàn 5. Tāmen dōu bù lái. kěxī 6. Tāmen dōu bù néng qù. bàoqiàn 7. Tā hái méi qù. yíhàn You: Hěn kěxī, tā bù néng lái. (Unfortunately, he cannot come.) Hěn kěxī, tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù hěn hǎo. Hěn yíhàn, tā méi lái. Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen bù néng dōu lái. Hěn kěxī, tāmen dōu bù lái. Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen dōu bù néng qù. Hěn yíhàn, tā hái méi qù. D. Expansion Drill 1. Speaker: Qīng ni zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng. (Please inform Minister Zhāng.) 2. Wō zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le. nǐ 3. Tā hái méi zhuǎngào Lī Kēzhǎng. nǐ U. Tā bù néng zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng. wǒ You: Qīng ni tì wǒ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng. (Please inform Minister Zhāng for me.) Wǒ tì nǐ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le Tā hái méi tì nǐ zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng. Tā bù néng tì wǒ zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng. 5. Wǒ yījīng zhuǎngào dàshī le. nī 6. Wǒ míngtiān jiù zhuǎngào dàshī. nī 7. Tā shi zuótiān zhuǎngào dàhīde.    nī Wǒ yījīng tì nī zhuǎngào dàshī le. Wo míngtiān jiù tì nī zhuǎngào dàshī. Tā shi zuótiān tì nī zhuǎngào dàshīde. E. Transformation Drill 1. Speaker: Tāmen míngtiān lǎi. (cue) together (They are coming tomorrow.) OR Tāmen zuótiān lǎi le. (cue) together (They came yesterday.) 2. Tā míngtiān zǒu. alone 3. Tā zuótiān zǒu le. alone H. Wǎng Tongzhì míngtiān qù Nǎnj īng.    by train 5. Wǎng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī qù Shànghǎi le. by plane 6. Tā qù le. alone You: Tāmen míngtiān yìqī lǎi ma? (Are they coming together tomorrow?) Tāmen zuótiān shi yìzī lǎide ma? (Did they come together yesterday?) Tā míngtiān yige ren zǒu ma? Tā zuótiān shi yige rén zoude ma? Wǎng Tóngzhì míngtiān zuò huochē qù Nánjīng ma? Wǎng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī shi zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎide ma? Tā shi yige rén qùde ma? F. Substitution Drill 1. Speaker: Nèitiān women yǒu shi, bù néng qù. (cue) no way of going (That day we have a previous engagement; we cannot go.) 2. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, méi bànfa qù. cannot go together 3. Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng yìqǐ qù. not all of us can go U. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, bù néng dōu qù. none of us can go 5. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, dǒu bù néng qù. did not go 6. Nèitiān women you shi, méi qù. not all of us went 7. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, méi dōu qù. You: Nèitiān wōmen you shi, méi bānfa qù. (That day we have a previous engagement; we have no way of going.) Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng yìqi qù. Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng dōu qù. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, dōu bù néng qù. Nèitiān women you shi, méi qù. Nèitiān women you shi, méi dōu qù. GPO 689—101/8721 269 1 A different pattern is used to say that two things are the same. (See MTG, Unit 3, notes on Nos. U-5.) 2 To say "A is not as . . . as B," you use a different construction, which you will learn in MTG, Unit 6, notes on No. 2. 3 The verb láidejí/láibují does not occur without the inserted -de- or -bu-. 4 You have already seen wán in Piào dōu màiwán le. 5 The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape. 6 The words "this," "next," and "last" in English are often ambiguous. "This" sometimes means "just past," sometimes "the coming," and sometimes "of next week." "Next" sometimes means "the coming" and sometimes means "of next week." "Last" sometimes means "Just past" and sometimes means "of last week." In Chinese, however, zhèige usually means "of this week"; xiàge, "of next week"; and shàngge, Hof last week." But ambiguities do sometimes arise. Some Chinese consider that the week begins on Sunday. Probably most Chinese however, consider Monday the first day of the week. 7 Bù is also used for a "department" of the U.S. government: Nèizhèngbù, "Department of the Interior" 8 ròu, "meat” 9 You have already learned that zěnme can mean ”how." 10 niánqīng, "to be young" 11 yīnggāi, "should" 12 Xiǎngqilai is actually pronounced xiángqilai. The ending -qīlái is in the neutral tone; because qī was originally in the third tone, xiǎng changes to the rising tone. 13 English prepositions, such as "up," are also used both literally and abstractly: "look up the wall" (an upward motion) and "look up the phone number" (no motion indicated by "up") 14 0ne lǐ is approximately one third of a mile.