CM 0310 S

STANDARD CHINESE A Modular Approach

MODULE 8: TRAVELING IN CHINA STUDENT TEXT AND WORKBOOK

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AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS

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STANDARD CHINESE

A MODULAR APPROACH

STUDENT TEXT AND WORKBOOK

MODULES: TRAVELING IN CHINA

DRAFT EDITION

JULY 1982

Table of Contents

Objectives for the Travel Module .................

About Module Eight .............. ..........

Unit 1 Travel Plans with Lúxíngshè

Reference List......................

Vocabulary List.....................

Reference Notes.......'..........  . . .

Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................

Tape 2 Workbook.....................

Exercise Dialogues . . . '.................

Reference List......................

Vocabulary List .....................

Reference Notes .....................

Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................

Tape 2 Workbook ................  . . . .

Exercise Dialogues..........    .

Sìjìqīng People’s Commune

Reference List ......................

Vocabulary List ..................... Reference Notes ..................... Tape 1 Review Dialogue .................. Tape 2 Workbook..................... Exercise Dialogues ....................

Ancient Architectural Art

Reference List ......................

Vocabulary List ......................

Reference Notes . .....................

Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................

Tape 2 Workbook ......................

Exercise Dialogues ....................

Unit 5 Economic Construction and Natural Resources

Reference List .......................

Vocabulary List.................. . . . . Reference Notes ...................... Tape 1 Review Dialogue ................... Tape 2 Workbook ...................... Exercise Dialogues .....................

Unit 6 National Minorities

Reference List ......................

Vocabulary List .....................

Reference Notes .....................

Tape 1 Review Dialogue ..................

Tape 2 Workbook .....................

Exercise Dialogues ............... .....

Unit 7

Reference List......................

Vocabulary List .....................

Reference Notes............•.......  . .

Tape 1 Review Dialogue . .................

Tape 2 Workbook .....................

Exercise Dialogues ....................

Unit 8

Reference List......................

Vocabulary List......................

Reference -Notes . ....................

Tape 1 Review Dialogue...............  . .

Tape 2 Workbook .....................

Exercise Dialogues . . , . ................

Vocabulary List for the Module..............•.....

List of Tapes in this Module ....................

• 1. A: Wǒmen zínme chēnghu nín hlo ne?

• B: Lfii zhèli cānguān f&ngwènde rén dǒu jiao wǒ LXo Wing.

• 2. A: Nín xiing zhèijiàn shi zénme ānpii bījiio hSo?

• B: Wǒ xiing zuì hlo ding wǒ hé ShànghXi fángmian liinxì yíxià zài shuǒ.

• 3. A: Tīngshuǒ nín duì zhèi yídài-de fāngyin hen yǒu yinjiū.

• B: NÌli! Wǒ zhī shi liSojié yìdiinr, tinbudào yǒu yinjiǔ.

• U. A: Xiànzài Zhǒngguǒ yǒngde shíyǒu dabùfen shi zì jI shēngchinde, duì ba?

B: Bù, £u£nbù shi zìjī shēng-chinde.

3. A: Dabùfen béifāng rén dǒu huì shuo pǔtǒnghuì. duì bu duì?

B: Òu, bù zhī shi béifǎng rén, h?n duǒ ninfǎng rénde pǔtǒnghuì y? bú cud.

• 6. A: MÍngtiān wǒ Jiù cǒng Shenzhen 11 ling le.

B: 6, zhème kuài! Wǒ hid yīwéi nī néng gěn wǒmen dào Sǔzhǒu qù winr Jitiān ne!

• 7. A: Dǒngbéi. Xíbéi nī dǒu qù-guo le ba?

B: Zài DǒngbSi vǒ zhī cǎnguǎnle Dicing. Xībéi hii méi qù ne.

How should we address you?

People who come here to visit all call me Lio Wing.

What do you think would be the best way to arrange this?

I think it would be best to wait until I’ve contacted Shanghai and then we'll see about it.

I've heard that you're an expert on the dialect of this area.

Oh no! I just know a little about it; I couldn't say I'm an expert.

China now produces most of the oil that it uses, isn't that right?

No, they produce all of it.

Most northerners can speak the standard language, can't they?

Oh, not Just northerners. A lot of southerners speak standard Chinese pretty well, too.

Tomorrow I'm going to leave the country from Shenzhen.

Oh, so soon! I thought you could go with us to Sǔzhǒu for a few days.

You've been to Manchuria and the Northwest, haven't you?

In Manchuria I've only visited Daqing, and I haven't been to the Northwest yet.

• 8. A: Ní xiin x3u hlo le, w8 Jiù líl.

• B: Hlo. Hui tóu ji&n.

• 9. A: Zhèiwèi xuézhé yénjiūde shi nei fǎngmiànde wèntí?

B: Tā yánjiūde zhSyào shi yìiy&n he yǔy&nxué.

• 10. A: Zài Xinjiang Nèiméng yídài meiyou hSn duo rén shuō pútōnghuà ba?

B: Duì, zìi nèixiē dìfang, ahioshù mínzú ySyin zhàn zhǔyàode dìwei.

• 11. A: Nlmen xiing qùde dìqǔ quin d3u qù. le ba? Hái you shénme wèntí meiyou?

B: Meiyou shénme wèntí le, Luxíngshède gōngzuò giode hén hao,"w3men hen m&nyì.

• 12. iSxíngtuán

• 13. GuXngxī 1U. Guilin

• 15. Yúnnán

• 16. Guizhou

• 17. Huébèi

• 18. Huánán

19• Huángshān

You go ahead and leave. I'll be right there.

Okay. See you in a while.

What subject does this scholar study?

She mainly studies languages and linguistics.

In the region of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia not many people speak standard Chinese, do they?

Right. In those places the minority nationality languages occupy the major position.

Have you been to all the regions you wanted to go to? Do you have any more questions?

We don't have any more questions.

The China Travel Service did a very good Job and we're very pleased.

tour group

(an autonomous region, formerly spelled Kwangs!)

(a famous scenic city in GuXngxī)

(a province in southern China)

(a province, formerly spelled Kweichow)

north China

south China

(a famous scenic mountain in Ǎnhuī province)

Unit 1, Reference Notes

1. A: W3men zēnme chēnghu nín         How should we address you?

hlo ne?

B: Lái zhèll cānguān flngwènde People who come here to visit all rén dōu jiao w5 Lio Wing. call me Lio Wing.

Notes on No. 1

Asking how to address someone: If you are not sure how to address someone, it is usually acceptable to ask the person himself. Most Chinese recognize that they have a complicated system of terms of address, and are happy to answer such questions.

chenghu: "to address" or "form of address"

Kuài gàosu wo, w3 gāi zēnme        Quick tell me: how should I

chēnghu nīde fùmǔ ne?              address your parents?

Xiang "Xilo Wing," "Lio Zhang"     Forms of address like "Xilo Wing”

zhèizhSng chēnghu xiànzài          and "Lio Zhang" are now very

hēn llúxíng le.                     common.

. . . hlo ne?: "Would it be best to . . . ?" W&nen zēnme chēnghu nín acts as the subject of the verb hlo. Here is a diagram:

"How would it be best for us to address you?"

For sentences with a similar structure, compare 2A and 8A below. Here sure three further examples:

Zēnme zuS hlo?                     What should I do?

Zēnme chi hlo ne?                  How should it be cooked (lit.,

"eaten")?

W8 zhēn bù zhīdào gàosu ta hlo I really don't know whether I should ne, hllshi bú. gàosu ta hlo?        tell him or not.

Cānguān, literally, "enter-look," and flngwèn. literally, "visit-interview, " are both sometimes translated as "to visit," but there an important difference in their meaning: you cānguān a place (like a museum), but you flngwèn people. Thus, cānguān is translated as "visit and observe," and flngwèn as "visit and talk with." By extension, you can also flngwèn a place, but this implies a formal visit to a country or visits to factories or offices where the visitors have a chance to talk with the responsible people and workers. In addition, flngwèn also sometimes translates the English verb

Notes on No. 2

The structure of sentence 2A, vhich is similar to that of 1A, can be diagrammed this vay:

ǎnpíi: "to arrange," "to set up"

bliiāo or bíjiào: (1) "Comparatively," "relatively," "more" is the meaning in sentence 2A. BĪJi&o also has the following meanings:

(2) "to compare":

W3men key! biJiao yixià shei We can compare who did it better, zuòde hāo.

(3) "fairly," "rather"

Jlntiān bījiào leng, duo chuǎn It’s rather cold today, put on some diānr ylfú.                         clothing.

Context will often tell you whether bījiāo as an adverb implies a comparison (in which case it should be translated "more") or does not imply a comparison as "rather" or "fairly").

Tā shi bījiāo ài Jiāng huàde rén.

Zhèi liíngge bànfa, níige bīJiSo y5u xiào?

Dìèrge bànfa bīji&o y8u xiào.

Cóng zhèr dào chéngli qù, zuò dìtiě bīji&o kùài yidi&nr.

Shànghāi fāngmian: Literally, "the Shànghāi side," meaning the concerned party in Shànghāi. In this sentence, the best English translation is simply "Shànghāi." For more examples of this use of fāngmian, see the Society module, Unit 1, Notes on No. 8.

liānxì: "to contact," "to get in touch with," or as a noun, "connection," "tiesT” Liānxì can be between individual! people, groups, or phenomena:

has about the same meaning: liánxì lianxi.

DEng ,   . zài shu5 literally means "Wait until . • . and then talk

about it?" Zài shu5 is~often better translated as "see about it" or "deal with it." Deng can sometimes be translated simply as "when."

Notes on No. 3

-dài: "zone," "area," "belt" The original meaning of dài is a belt or band, as in pidài, "leather belt," lùylndài, "recording tape," and xiédài. "shoelaces." It is easy to see why it has also come to mean "belt" in a geographical sense, and by extension, "zone" or "area." -Dài is used in such words as rèdài (literally "hot-zone") "the tropics," and dìdài. "zone," "region." It is also used in the common phrases zhèi yídài, "this area," and yánhǎi yídài, "coastal region" (you will learn yánhǎi in Unit 5 of this module).

You can use names of regions in the pattern . . . yídài:

fǎngyán: "dialect" (Fǎng-, as in dìfǎng. "place," here means "local." -Yán forms part of the word yìiyán, "language," which is presented in sentence 9B.) In linguistics, the word fǎngyán is used as we use the word "dialect." In common Chinese usage, fǎngyán also refers to the various Chinese languages (such as Cantonese) which are not intelligible to a speaker of Standard Chinese. See also the note on pǔtǒnghuà under Number 5.

liǎojil: As a state verb, "to understand," "to grasp," "to comprehend," and as an action verb, "to find out," "to acquaint oneself with." As a state verb, it can be used in the pattern duì . . . liǎojié (see the fourth and fifth examples below).

As an action verb

Notea on No. U

shíyōu: "petroleum,*' "oil" (literally, "rock-oil," which, incidentally,

$

-bu-, is often neutral tone (you may the u sound missing).

Use dàbùfen to modify a verb or

Mēiguō rén dàbùfen d5u yōu , zìjlde chē.

Dàbùfen Mēiguō rén dōu y3u zìjīde chē.

even hear what sounds like dabfen, with a noun:

Most Americans have their own car.

duì ba?: "isn’t that correct?" "isn't that so?" You have already learned to ask for the listener’s confirmation by using shì bu shl? or shì ma? and duì bu dul? or duì ma? at the end of a sentence. Shì ba? and duì ba? are also used in the same sentence position to ask for confirmation, but because of the marker ba, they imply that the speaker is fairly sure that his information is correct.

• 5. A: Dabùfen bēifāng rén dōu         Most northerners can speak the

huì shuō pùtōnghuà. duì         standard language, can't they?

bu duì?

• B: du, bù zhJ shi bēifǎng rén, Oh, not Just northerners. A lot hēn duo nánfǎng rénde          of southerners speak standard

pǔtōnghuà yé bú cud.           Chinese pretty well, too.

Notes on No. 5

Bēifǎng, "the north" of a country, and nánfǎng. "the south" of a country: When used with reference to China, these terms usually mean the area north of the Huáng Hé (Yellow River) and the area south of the Chángjiāng (Yangtze River), respectively. The area between the rivers is usually considered central China.

Béifǎng ran xīhuan chī nrlànshí,    Northerners like to eat foods made

nánflng rén xīhuan chī mlfan.      from wheat, and southerners like

to eat rice.

Tǎde Zhōngguo huà yǒu nǎnfǎng His Chinese has a southern accent, kǒuyīn.

pǔtǒnghuà: "the common speech,” the usual designation in the PRC for what we have called in this course "Standard Chinese." PǔtSnghuà is officially defined as consisting of the sound system of Béijīng speech, the vocabulary and idiom of northern speech, and the grammar of exemplary modem vernacular writings. It would be inaccurate to equate pǔtǒnghuà with either beifang huà ("northern speech") or Beijing huà ("Béijīng speech"), because pǔtǒnghuà has absorbed many elements from other dialects, contributing to its richness. Conversely, such things as purely regional expressions (including those of Béijīng itself) and non-standard pronunciations are not considered pǔtSnghuà. Before the PRC, the term pǔtǒnghuà already existed, but referred to the approximations of Mandarin spoken by the common people of northern China. (In Taiwan, the term guǒyǔ. "the national language," is used for the officially promoted standard language.)

bù zhī shi béifǎng rén: "not Just northerners" Bù zhī shi, "not only," can be followed by a noun, verb, or clause. Sometimes you may hear bú Jiù shi, bú dàn shi, bù guǎng shi, or bù Jīn shi (which you will learn in the Life in China module), with the same meaning. The shi is necessary before a noun but may be omitted before a verb:

WSmen bàngǒngshì bù zhī (shi) In our office, there are not only yǒu Méiguo rén, hǎl ySu Jīge Americans, but also some Chinese Zhongguo rén bang wSmen gǒngzuò. who help us.

• 6. A: Míngtiǎn wS Jiù cǒng Shenzhen lí Jìng le.

  B: 0, zhème kuài! WS hǎi yīwéi nī néng gēn wSmen dào Sūzhǒu qù wánr Jitiǎn ne!

  
  

  Oh, so soon! I thought you could go with us to Sūzhǒu for a few days.

  
  

Notes on No. 6

Shēnzhèn, formerly known by its the border stop on the railroad from

Cantonese pronunciation, Shumchun, is Hong Kong to Guǎngzhǒu (Canton).

lí Jìng: "leave a country," literally, "leave-boundary" You can also say ehū Jìng.

yīwéi: "to mistakenly think" Xiǎng and rènwéi, which you will learn in the next unit, both mean "to think that . . . «" Yīwéi adds the meaning that the subject's impression was wrong.

Nī yīwéi wǒ bù zhīdào?! WS You thought I didn't know?! I heard zǎo Jiu tīngshuō le!                about it a long time ago!

W8 híi yiwél: "I thought (mistakenly)” You have learned híi as "still" and as "also, additionally.” This híi has a different meaning and is not translated. It emphasizes that the subject was under a wrong impression. This meaning of hii is most clearly seen with the verb xl&ng: W8 híi xiāng means ”1 mist kenly thought,” whereas W5 xilng does not specify whether the judgment was right or wrong.

du, shi ni ya! W3 híi xiāng (OR yiwél) shi biérén ne!

• A: Nī tīngshuōle ma? Tā shēng-le ge érzi.

• B: du, wS híi bù zhīdào ne!

• 7. A: Dōngbāi, Xībll nī dǒu qù-guo le ba?

B: Zài Dōngbāi w8 zhī cānguānle Dàqìng. Xībāi híi mél qù ne.

Oh, it's you! I thought It was someone else.

Have you heard? She had a baby boy.

Oh, I didn't know! (Here, it is not a mistaken impression but the previous lack of any information on the subject which híi emphasizes)

You've been to Manchuria and the Northwest, haven't you?

In Manchuria I've only visited Dàqìng, and I haven't been to the Northwest yet.

Notes on No. 7

Dōngbli. Xībll: Although you learned this is in the Directions module, it bears repeating that combined direction names ("northwest,” "southeast,” etc.) are said in the reverse order from English:

Dǒngbāi: "the Northeast," "Manchuria" The northeastern region of China, consisting of the three provinces of Liíoníng, Jilin, and Hēilíngjiing, is sometimes called Manchuria because the largest indigenous minority is the Manchu, or Mln, nationality. Of China's 2.6 million Mln, most live scattered throughout these three provinces and Hébll; there are also smaller Mln populations in the cities of Blijīng, Chengdu, Xi'an, and Hohhot. The Mln, and before them their ancestors the NÙzhén (Nuchen or Juchen, an ancient nationality of the same region), were a major force in Chinese history from the

Jin Dynasty, in which the N&zhēn ruled northern China for over a century (1115-123^), to the Manchu-run Qlng Dynasty (1644-1911). After the Qlng dynasty established its capital in BliJIng, great numbers of Màn filtered south through Shinhli Pass in HébSi and intermixed with the Hàn Chinese. To this century, large-scale Hàn migration to the Northeast (hundreds of thousands every year) has caused the region’s population to swell to 99.4 million (1976 estimate), of which only 2.4 million are of the Min nationality. Although their ethnic origins are distinct from the Hàn Chinese, the Mln today are virtually assimilated with the Hàn racially, culturally, and linguistically. Most, for example, speak only Chinese; the Mln language, which in the last dynasty was still used alongside Chinese in official court documents, is well on its way to extinction (some Min speakers remain in Àihul and Fùyù counties in Hēilóngjiàng).

The three provinces of the Northeast

Xlbii: "the Northwest," a region which includes Níngxià, Xinjiang, Qlngh&i, Shànxl, and Ginsù.

qùguo le: "have gone to" Notice verb phrase with the ending -guo. Here

• A: Nl chiguo fàn le ma?

• B: ChlguB le.

• A: Ta zuì xlnde dianyIng nl kànguo le ma?

• B: Kànguo le.

that nev-situation le may follow a are some other examples:

Have you eaten yet?

Yes.

Have you seen his latest movie yet?

Yes.

Paging: An oil-producing center (recently given the statue of a city) in the Síng-Nln Plain of southern Héllflngjiāng province. Daqing is the nation’s leading producer of crude oil, accounting for more than one third of the crude oil volume. China’s oil industry has only developed since 19^$, and it was the monumental exploration and drilling at Daqing, under extremely adverse conditions, that in large part enabled China to meet her own oil needs by 1963. In 1961:, Mio ZédSng called on the whole nation to learn from Dàqìng in industry (Gōngyè xué Daqing), a slogan which continued to be heard through the Cultural Revolution.

8. A: Nl xiǎn z3u hao le, w8 jiù You go ahead and leave. I’ll be lii.                                right there.

B: Hlo. Huí tóu jiìn.             Okay. See you in a while.

Notes on No. fl

. . . hlo le: The ending hlo le. literally "and then it will be okay," has a special meaning; the translation varies with the context. It is used when the speaker (1) agrees to something, permits someone to do something, or suggests that someone do something, or care if something happens.

(1) WS qù hlo le.

Zhao nl shuōde ban hlo le.

Nl shuō Zhōngwén hlo le, wS tīngdedSng.

Nl níqu hlo le, wS yòngwin le.

(2) Nl bú qù hlo le, w8 bù gioxìng.

Rang ti shuS hlo le, wS bù guln!

Huí tóur .11 in: "See you later" literally, "turn one’s head," is used

Huí tóu wSmen zìl tin.

WS huí t6u jiù Hi.

Use Huí tóur jiin when you expect to see the other person shortly.

• 9. A: Zhèiwíi xuézhé yénjiǔde shi

  něifěngmiìnde vent ft

  
  

• B: T8 yánjlūde zhǔyào shi yǔyán he yuyánxué.

What subject does this scholar study?

She mainly studies languages and linguistics.

Notes on No. 9

xuézhé: "scholar" You will find the ending -zhě in a number of words where it means -de rén, "a person who...." In Unit U, you will learn gōngzuò-zhé. "worker (in a certain field)." Other examples:

dúzhé          reader (dú, "read," will be presented in the next

module)

Jìzhě          reporter, Journalist (lit., "one who records things")

huòdézhé recipient of a prize, etc. (huBdé means "to obtain") zhǔyào: As an adjective, "major/main/essential," and as an adverb, "mainly, "essentially":

Qù XTbéi, zh^yàode mùdi shi        The main reason for going to the

xiXng liXoJié yidiínr guǎnyú Northwest is to find out about nàrde néngyè shěngchln qíngkuàng. agricultural production there.

WSmen zhèr zhǔyàode wèntí shi méi qiin.

Nir zhìíyiLo zhinlln xiē shénme?

Néng bu néng qù, zhūyìo kin shíjiǎn.

Ti zhúyìo Jilngde shi ZhSngguo-de shíyfiu shěngchln qíngkuing.

There are times when zhSyio must be t as "mainly," for example:

Our main problem here is that we have no money.

What are the main things they exhibit there? ("What mainly do they exhibit there?")

Whether or not we can go depends mainly on time.

He spoke mainly about China's oil production.

islated as "essentially" rather than

W8 JlntiSn líi, zhúyio shi         I came today essentially because

ylnwei w3de péngyou d5u lii le. all my friends came.

This sentence does not imply that there are any other reasons of lesser importance.

ySy&n: "language" The counter for a language is usually -zh8ng. "kind":

Xué yìzhSng ytíyán bú shi yìtiin Learning a language isn't something liXngtiinde shì.                   you can do overnight ("in a day

or two").

Zhōngwén shi yìzh8ng bìjilo nin xuéde yùyin.

Chinese is a rather difficult language to learn.

He often teaches them language (words and phrases) that shouldn't be taught.

as the ending for the names of languages:

The ending -huà (as in Zhōngguó huà) refers to just the spoken language.

-Wen can refer to (1) the written, or (2) the written plus the spoken. -Yù does not differentiate spoken and written.

• 10. A: Zài Xìnjiāng Nèimāng yídàl méiyou hān duo rén shuǒ pùtōnghuà ba?

B: Duì, zài nàixiē dìfang, shāoshù mínzú yǔyán zhàn zhǔyàode dìwei.

In the region of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia not many people speak standard Chinese, do they?

Right. In those places the minority nationality languages occupy the major position.

Notes on No. 10

Xlnjiāng: Formerly spelled Sinkiang in English. Xinjiang, an autonomous region (not a province) in northwest China, has the largest area of all China's provinces and autonomous regions. Population: 12 million (1981 est.), of which about 6 million are of the Uygur nationality. For a description of the region and its people, see Unit 6 Reference Notes.

Nèimāng: Also Nèi Mānggù. Inner Mongolia (also called Nel Monggol) is an autonomous region in north central China, population 9 million. About twenty percent of the population are Mongols. The capital is Hohhot (in Chinese, Huhéháotè).

Note: The facts as represented in exchange 10 need to be qualified. It is true that the minority nationality languages are still the most widely used in the vast rural areas of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and other minority nationality regions. The larger cities in these regions, however, now have substantial Hàn Chinese populations, and in some cities the Hàn are even in the majority.

shāoshù: "minority" or "a minority of," "a small number of" This is the opposite of duōshù. "majority," which you learned in the Society module.

Tāmen shi shāoshù.                  They are in the minority.

ZhX ySu shloshù Min rén hái        There are only a ^mall number of

néng shuS Mànyú.                   Manchurians who can still speak

the Manchu language.

mínzú: "nationality," "a people," or "nation" in the non-governmental sense: a people vho share common origins, history, customs, and language. Examples: ZhSnghuá mínzú, "the Chinese nation"; Ālabú mínzú, "the Arab nation"; mínzú dúlì, "national independence."

MèiguS shi yíge duo mínzúde        America is a nation of many ethnic

guSjiǎ.                              groups.

ShKoshù mínzú is "minority nationality," often translated as "national minority." In the U.S., we more often speak of "ethnic minorities," but the Chinese prefer the translation "minority nationalities."

zhàn: (1) "to occupy" a space, area, or position, (2) "to make up," "to constitute," a proportion of an amount, or (3) "to take up" an amount of time

Zènme h&i y3u rén zhànzhe zhèige * féngjiàn? Gǎi wSmen ydng le!

Zhèizhang zhuSzi tài zhàn difang le, bK ta bānchuqu.

Zhèige féngzi zhànde dìfang ySu duS dà?

Zài wSmen xuéxiàode xuéshěngzhǒng, shXoshù mínzú xuéshěng zhàn yí-bàn zuSyòu.

Xianzài fÙnS zài shèhuìshang zhàn yuè líi yuè zhèngyàode dìwei le.

Zhen duìbuql, zhànle nl bù shXo shíjiin.

Why are there still people occupying this room? It's our turn to use it!

This table takes up too much space. Let’s move it out.

How much space does this building take up?

Minority nationality students make up about half of the students in our school.

Now women are occupying a more and more important position in society.

Please excuse me for taking up so much of your time.

• 11. A: Nímen xiXng qùde dìqǔ quán dSu qù le ba? HXi ySu shénme wèntí meiyou?

B: Meiyou shénme wèntí le, Luxíngshède gǒngzud gXode hXn hlo,^-wSmen hXn manyì.

Have you been to all the regions you wanted to go to? Do you have any more questions?

We don't have any more questions.

The China Travel Service did a very good job and we're very pleased.

Notes on No. 11

dìqǔ: "region," "district," "area"

Blljlng dlqtt

Huábli dìqù

duo shin dìqù

quin: (1) "to be complete," (2) completely"

Zhèitào shū bù quin, dìsìbln meiyíu le.

Quin shìjiè yígòng y3u duǒshlo zhSng yùyín?

Lilngsānnián méi shuǒ Zhǒngwén le, chàbuduō quin wing le.

W3 bi nèi JlJiìn yīfu quin gli tí le.

the Bèijīng area

the north China region

a mountainous district

'whole," "entire," (3) "entirely,"

This set of books is incomplete; the fourth volume is missing.

How many languages are there in the whole world?

After not speaking Chinese for tvo or three years, (I) have almost completely forgotten it.

I gave all those articles of clothing to him.

Lttringahè: Short for Zh5nggu6 Lflxíngshè. China Travel Service (CTS), or Zhōngguó Guójì L&xíngshè, China International-Travel Service (CITS). These are the tvo government agencies through vhlch all travel arrangements in China are handled. Representatives from CITS accompany tour groups in China.

gio: "to do," "to carry on," "to field or endeavor.

Gio shénme ne?

Zhèijiàn shi wō glolai gloqù globuhlo.

gio vèisheng

(gio a task ₄ gio shingchln or endeavor) gio shèhuìzhttyì gio Sìge Xiàndàihuà

engage in," "to work in" a certain

What are you doing? OR What are you up to?

I've tried doing this all different ways and I Just can't get it right.

to do cleanup

to engage in production to practice socialism to carry on the Four Modernizations

He's a translator. ("He works in translation.")

He works in literature.

He's a Journalist/reporter/etc.

He works in agriculture.

Glohlo, which is especially common in political talk, means "to make a good Job of (something)," or "to handle (something) well":

Glohlo shingchln shi vSmen zuì zhdngyàode gǒngzud.

Handling production well is our most Important Job.

Gio is used with many resultative verb endings (in the folloving two examples gio is interchangeable with no ng, "to do"):

Shéi bl vBde chē glohuii le?       Who broke Jay bicycle/car?

Hāi, nl you glocuò le, zhèige      No, you’ve got it wrong again. This

zì bú shi "nilo," shi "wǔ."        character isn’t "nilo," it’s "vū."

Zénme glode is an idiom, used as follows:

What went wrong?! What’s wrong?! OR Jíhat the ... ?!

Nov he says he isn't coming. How come?

He isn't feeling well.

„ What’s with you? OR What's the matter with you? OR What the heck are you doing?

be satisfied" This is often used with the equivalent to English "pleased with":

Many people are dissatisfied with some of the Party's policies.

Are you satisfied with my answer?

He's so good to you; why are you still dissatisfied?

a satisfactory answer."

I hope I can give you a satisfactory answer.

xiūxide zēnmeyàng? Hái lèi bu lei?

B:     Hái hlo, bú tài lèi le, shuìle

yíge zhSngtóu, hǎoduǒ le. Nī zuá, nī zud. Bú yào kèqi. Duì le, w3 hái wangle wen nī, Chen Xiǎnsheng, wB zēnme chēnghu nī hǎo ne?

• A: Nín Jiù Jiào w3 Chin GuÚqiáng

hǎo le. Zài zBuláng gōngzuède Lio Wáng zhīdao wB. Nín y3u shi, Jiù Jiào tā zhǎo Xilo Chin, tǎ Jiù zhīdao le.

• B: Haha, Lǎo Wáng, Xiǎo Chin, yBu

yìsi. Duì le, nī lái, y3u shénme shi ma?

• A: Shi zhèiyangrde. W3 lái zhǎo nī,

shi xiǎng zài hi nī tán yixia nī-mende iSxíng Jìhuà.

• B: WSmen zài Niú Yuēde shíhou,

zhèige Jìhuà yījīng chàbuduB ǎnpái-hǎo le, shi Luxíngshè ǎnpáide.

• A: Zuijìn l&dngde rin xiǎngdǎng

duo, wSmen zui hǎo zài tányi-tán.

• B: Dāngrán, dingrin. Búguò, nī

zhīdao Bèisī ba?

• A: Bèisī? WS xiǎngyixiǎng. À,

Bèisī. Tèluóānnuò Xiǎojiē?

• B: Yìdiǎnr bú cuò, zhèng shi tǎ!

Tǎ bījiǎo liǎoji? wSmen zhèi èrshi-ge rin zuì xīwang cǎnguǎnde dìfang shi shinme. WSmen qīng tǎ lái tintan, hǎo bu hǎo?

was your rest? Are you still tired?

Pretty good. I’m not too tired anymore. I slept for an hour and I feel a lot better. Sit down, sit down. Make yourself at home. Oh, yes, I keep forgetting to ask you, Mr. Chen, what shall I call you?

Just call me Chin Guóqiáng. Lio Wáng who works in the corridor knows me. If you have any problems, Just tell him to get Xilo Chin. He'll know who.

Haha, Lio Wáng, Xilo Chin, that's interesting. Well: Is there some particular reason you came?

It's like this. I've come to see you to discuss your travel plans some more with you.

When we were in Nev York, the plans were already almost all arranged. It was the (China) Travel Service that arranged them.

There have been quite a few tourists lately. It would be best to discuss Cthis3 some more.

Of course, of course. But, you know Beth, don't you?

Beth? Let me think. Ah, Beth. Miss Troiano?

Absolutely right, that's her! She understands more about what places our group of twenty people most want to visit. Let's ask her to come and discuss this, okay?

• A: HXoJíle. Yào bu yao w8 qù           Sure. Do you want me to go and

qlng ta?                              ask her?

• B: Bú bì. W8 dX ge diànhuà.            You don’t have to do that; I’ll

make a phone call.

(There is a knock at the door, then Miss Troiano enters.)

• C: W8 lái le. Zhèiwèi shi...?

Here I am. This is...?

A:     Chen Guóqiéng. Zhǒnggué LÌlxíng.-

shède.

C:     NX hXo. W3 shì Bèisī TèluSānnuò.

A:     Huānyíng nín líi Zhōnggué cān-

guǎn fàngwèn. Tīngshuǒ nín shi gio yflyánxuéde?

C:      Shì.

A:     Suóyi nínde ZhSngwén name hXo!

C:     A'. Xiànzài hXn du5 rén duì

ZhSngwén y8u xìngqu, Zhōngwén hXode rén yuè líi yuè duo le.

• A: Shìde, shìde. HXo, xiànzài w8-

men líi tíntan líxíng jìhuàde shì. Zhèige Jìhuà zuì hlo Jíntiān, míngtiln liàngtiàn quínbù ǎnpíi-hXo.

• B: HXode, hXode.

• C: W8men zhèicì líide èrshige rén,

dàbùfèn shi xuézhé, Jiàoshòu. Zài Nitt Yuè, w&nen yījíng hé Zhǒngguó fSngmiàn liínxìguò le, wSmen duì Zhíngguóde gSngnóngyè qíngkuàng, jiàoyù qíngkuàng dou hén y5u

Chen Guéqiíng, of the China Travel Service.

How are you? I'm Beth Troiano.

Welcome to China. I've heard that you work in linguistics?

Yes.

That's why your Chinese is so good!

Oh, a lot of people are interested in Chinese now. And there are more and more people with good Chinese.

Yes, yes. All right, let's talk about your travel plans. It would be best to arrange the whole thing in the next day or two.

Fine, fine.

The majority of our group of 25 who came this time are scholars and professors. In New York, we have already been in contact with the Chinese. We are very much interested in the Chinese industrial

xìngqu.

A:     Nìmen zhèicì zhǔyào shi zài

Shànghāi, Bèijìng zhèixiē dìfangr cānguān, fāngwèn, shi bu shi?

C:     Duì le. Hii yōu, wǒmen yǒu

hén duo rén, duì Zhǒngguóde Dǒng-bāi dìqù féicháng yǒu xìngqu, tèbié shi Dàqìng zhèige shíyóu chéng. Bù zhīdào wǒmen shi bu shi kéyi qù cānguān....?

• A: Qù Dàqìng dàgài méiyou shenme

wèntí.

• B: Wǒmen hái yào qù nèixiē yǒu

míngde dìfang, xiàng Sǔzhǒu, Hángzhǒu, Huángshān, Guilin, shen-mede. Zhèixiē dìfang hé Zhōng-guóde lìshī, wénhuà, yǒu hen dàde guānxi. Dào Zhōngguó lái, zhèixiē dìfang bù néng bú qù.

• A: Dāngrán, dāngrán. Zhèixiē

dǒu yìjīng chàbuduō ānpálhāo le.

• B: Nà hāo.

0:     Wǒ kéyi bu kéyi dào Zhǒngguóde

Xībēi qù yíxià?

A:     O'.  Qù Xlb?i...zhèi yǒu yìdiān

wèntí.

• C: Zēnme ne? Shi bu shi yīnwei

shíjiān bú gǒu a?

• A: Duì, shíjiān bú gǒu. Wǒ xiāng,

nímen zài Zhōngguó Jiù yǒu sìge xīngqí, Huábāi, Dōngbēi, Huánán, Xīnán, bā shíjiān chàbuduō quán zhànwán le. Xiàcì lái Zhōngguó zài qù Xlbāi ba. Nín kàn hāo bù hāo?

C:     Duìbùqī, wǒ gāode shi yǔyínxué!

Nèimēng, Xinjiang yídài wǒ zhěn xiāng qù.

• B: Tā yánjiǔde zhǔyào Jiù shi

Zhǒngguóde shāoshù mínzú yǔyán.

and agricultural situation and the educational situation.

This time you are mainly visiting and touring in Bèijīng and Shànghāi, these placqs, ins't that so?

That’s right. But also, we have many people who are especially interested in China’s Northeast region, in particular the oil city, Dàqìng. I don’t know whether we can visit it....?

There won’t be any problem with going to Dàqìng.

We also want to go to those famous places, like Sǔzhǒu, Hángzhǒu, Huángshān, Guilin, etc. Those places are closely related to China's history and culture. One musn’t miss them on a trip to China.

Of course, of course. Those have almost all been arranged.

That's fine.

Could I go to China's Northwest?

Oh! To the Northwest. That's a bit of a problem.

What's that? Is it because there isn't enough time?

Right, there isn't enough time. I think that since you only have four weeks in China, your time will be almost entirely taken by North China, Manchuria, South China and the southwest. Why not visit the Northwest on your next trip to China. What do you say?

I'm sorry, but my work is linguistics'. I really want to go to Inner Mongolia and Xīnjiāng.

Her research is mainly on the minority nationality languages.

A:     Hài! Zhen duìbuqī, wǒ hài yīwéi

nín gàode shi pǔtǒnghuà ne!

• C: Méi guànxi, méi guǎnxi. Bú-

guò yǒu Jīhui vS híishi xiāng qù Xīběi kànkan.

A:     Duì le, Yúnnán, Guizhou, Guàng-

xī yídài yé y3u hěn duo shàoshù mínzú. Nín qù Guìlínde shíhou Jiù kéyi zuò diānr yánjiū le!

C:     Òu! Nànfāng gēn bēifāngde yùyén

bù yíyàng. Yàoshi y3u bànfà hái-shi bang wS ānpai yixiar ba.

• A: Tsk...Zhè shir y3u yìdiànr

máfan, ding w3 hi līngdào yínjiǔ yíxià zài shuō ba.

• B: 0, nī zài xiàngxiàng, rúgu3

kéyi ānpíi, nà duì Bèisī shi hēn dàde bǎngzhù.

• C: Duì le. Nín shìshi kàn.

• A: Ng...Zhèiyàng hào bu hào?

Nīmen fàngwènle Bēijīng hé Dàqìng yīhòu, Amúsītèling Jiàoshou nīmen shíjiúge rén háishi qù Shànghài, Sūzhǒu, Hángzhǒu, Guilin. Tèluóānnuò Xiàojiē gēn lìngwài yíge lùxíngtuin qù Xībēi. Líkài Xībēi yīhòu, yí Jiù shi bànge yuè yīhòu, nín zài Jīngguò Shànghài dào Guàngzhǒu.

• B: Ng, nà wSmen hài shi yìqī cǒng

Shēnzhèn líjìng.

A:     Duì, nīmen kàn zēnmeyàng. Yēxú

zhè shi yíge bànfa. Búguò, xíng bu xíng, h£i díi w&nen yínjiūle yīhòu cái zhīdao.

• C: Zài wǒmende iSxíngtuánli, wǒ

hài y3u Jīge péngyou. W3 yē dēi

Oh! Pardon me! I thought your your work was in the standard language!

That’s all right, that’s all right. Nonetheless if there's a chance, I would still like to go visit the Northwest.

Oh yes—the areas of Yúnnán, Guizhou, and Guingxī also have many minority nationalities—you can do some research when you go to Guilin!

Oh! The languages of the north and south are-not the same. If it's possible, I'd still rather you arranged it for me.

tan...This is a bit troublesome. Let me discuss it with the leader, and then we’ll see about it.

Oh, you give it some more thought. If it can be arranged, that would be a great help to Beth.

Right. See if you can.

Hmmm...How about this: After you've visited Bēijīng and Dàqìng, Professor Armstrong and the other 19 people still go on to Shànghiì, Sūzhǒu, Hángzhǒu and Guilin, but Miss Troiano goes to the Northwest with another tour group. After leaving the Northwest, that is, after half a month, then you go to Guàngzhǒu by way of Shàngh&i.

Hum, then we still leave the country together from Shenzhen.

Right. See what you think. Perhaps that might work. However, we won't know if it's possible until we've looked into it.

I have several other friends in our tour group. I must talk it

hé tlmen tintin, xiingxiing zínmeyàngr hlo.

• A: W3men d3u yínjiūyanjiu z&i

zuò ānpii. Btigud, w8men déi kuài diSnr.

• B: HXode. W3men wànf&n yíhòu z&i

tin yícì. Nl xiing zénmeyàng, Bèisī? Liidejí ba?

• C: W3 xiing kéyi. Name, jiù máfan

nín le.

A:     Méiyou shenme. W8 xīvàng néng

ānpiide héshī. Hui tóu jiàn.

C:     Xièxie nín. Hui tóu ji&n!

over with them too, and see vh&t is best.

Let’s both look into it before making arrangements. But ve should be quick about it.

Fine. Let's talk it over again after dinner. What do you think, Beth? Does that give you enough time?

I think so. Well then, ve'll trouble you (to take care of this).

It's nothing. I hope it can be arranged suitably. See you later.

Thank you. See you later!

The regions of China

Exercise 1

This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.

All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.

Exercise 2

In this exercise, an American tourist discusses hotel reservations with the desk clerk at the Blijīng Hotel.

The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you'll probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions below as you listen a second time.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:

klnéng                              to be possible

kongchulai                          to become vacant

tiíozi                              a brief, informal note

Questions for Exercise 2

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. What problem is the tourist discussing with the desk clerk?

• 2. How does the desk clerk discover the change in plans?

• 3. Describe what actions took place by filling in the spaces below:

Hotel personnel American tourist Group still occupying group               rooms

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.

Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.

Exercise 3

In this conversation, an American walks into the dining room of the Běijlng Hotel in a hurry and calls a waiter.

Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:

Note: The waiter in this dialogue speaks with a slight ShànghXi accent.

Questions for Exercise 3

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. Why is the American in a hurry?

• 2. Give some examples of words that the waiter pronounces differently.

• 3. What subject is the American interested in?

• U. What are the waiter's interests? Is he interested in linguistics?

• 5. Can you infer why the waiter cuts the conversation short?

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.

Exercise U

In this conversation, a Washington Post correspondent talks to a worker in front of the Dàhuá Cinema in BSiJīng.

Listen to the and listen again.

You will need chuāngkSu Jízhě xínwénpiín "Xīnwén Jilribào" -bù gùshipiǎnr WùduS Jlnhuǎ Dill àiqíng gùshi yin diànyīng piǎnzi Questions for Exercise U

1. How long has the reporter 2. What things does the 3. What movies and newsreels recommend?

window (e.g., ticket window)

newspaper reporter

newsreel

"News Summary"

(counter for films)

feature film

Five Golden Flowers (a film)

(a city in Yúnnán province)

love story

to show a movie

film, movie

been in Blijīng?

reporter like about Biijīng?

has he seen? Which one does the worker

U. Fran the newsreel the reporter describes* what can you gather about how Chinese "newsreels" differ in content from American ones?

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2

An American tourist (A) talks with the front desk clerk (B) at the Béijīng Hotel.

• A: Al, duìbuql, lóushàngde fángjiǎn bú gòu le.

• B: Bú gòu le? Zènme kěnéng ne? WSmen ānpaide háohǎorde.

A:   Shi zhěnde, wòmen zhèige cānguān-

tuán yígòng èrshisánge rén, nimen gāngcíi shuō wSmen quánbù dSu zhù zài qllòu, yígòng ySu shísìge fáng-Jiān, duì bu dui?

B: Duìbuqī, qlng man yidiànr shuS, wò bú jìde le. Déngyidéng, wò lái kànkan! ò, zài zhèr! Nimen shi yíge Méiguòde ittxíngtuán shi bu shi?

• A: Shì a!

• B: Èrshisánge rén, yígòng kǎi shísìge fángjiǎn, quán zài qllòu. Duì a! Méi cuò a!

• A: Bú duì! Jiù ySu shíèrge kSng fángjiǎn, ySu liǎngge fángjiǎn hái ySu rén na!

• B: Hái yòu rén? Zénme hui ne? WS hái yiwéi tǎmen jlntiǎn zǎochen yljīng cong Shenzhèn líjìng le ne! Zénme dào xiànzài hái zhànzhe wǔzi ne?

A: Bù zhldào, nín zuì hXo xiǎngxiang biéde bànfǎ, kànkan hái yòu méiyou king fángzi.

B: Biéde kSng fángzi shi yídìng méi-ySu a! WS xiǎn liàojié yíxià zhèi-liǎngge fángzi wèlshénme dào^xiàn-zài hái méiyou kòngchulal! Ò! Zhèr ySu yíge tiáozi, shuō tǎmen gǎi zài xiàwù sǎndiǎn zhòng líkǎi Béijlng. Hǎojíle! Méi wèntí le.

Say, excuse me, there aren’t enough rooms for us upstairs.

There aren’t enough? How is that possible? We made all the arrangements.

It's true. In all there are twenty-three people in our tour group. You just said that we’re all staying on the seventh floor, in fourteen rooms altogether, right?

I’m sorry, could you say that more slowly? I don't remember. Wait a minute, let me have a look. Oh, here it is. You are an American tour group, aren’t you?

That’s right!

Twenty-three people taking fourteen rooms altogether, all on the seventh floor. That’s right! There’s no mistake!

No! There are only twelve free rooms. Two of the rooms still have people in them!

Still have people in them? How could that be? I thought they had left the country this morning by way of Shěnzhèn! Why are they still occupying the rooms?

I don't know. You'd better think of some other solution, and see if there are any other rooms free.

I'm positive there aren’t any other free rooms. First let me try and find out why those two rooms haven't been vacated yet. Oh! There's a note here saying that their plans have been changed and that they're leaving Béi-jlng at three this afternoon. Great! No more problem.

• A: Xiànzài cíi lilngdiln zhǒng,

wǒmen híi děi ding dui Jiú?

• B: Lilngdiln tāmen Jiù děi líkāi fíngjiān, dào fěijlchāng dāi yòng sìshlfěn zhǒng ne! Wǒmen gio yíxiàr wèishěng, sānshifān zhǒng ba!

• A: Nàme liàngdiln ban wǒmen Jiù y3u

fángjiān le.

• B: Duì le. Dào canting he bēi kā-fěi, xiūxi yíxià, shíjiān Jiù dào le.

• A: Hāo, xièxie nín. Hui tǒu Jiàn.

• B: Hui tǒu Jiàn.

It’s only two o’clock now, how much longer do we have to wait?

They’ll have to leave their rooms at two: it takes forty minùtes to get to the airport! It will be thirty minutes while we clean the rooms.

So we can have the rooms at two-thirty .

Right. Why don’t you go have a cup of coffee in the dining room and rest a bit, and then it will be time.

Okay. Thank you. See you later.

See you later.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3

An American (A) walks into the dining room of the Bāijlng Hotel in a hurry and calls a waiter (B).

• A: Duìbuqì, yìbēi rè kǎfěi, Jiù yào

niúnll, bú yào ting, yífèn huǒtuì sanminszhì. Yuè kuàl yuètlXŌ!

Excuse me, a cup of hot coffee, with cream only, no sugar, and a ham sandwich. As fast as possible!

• B: Měitiān dǒu shi "yuè kuàl yuè hāo," ni zhēn máng a!

A: Ni zhidao tāmen gěi wo ǎnpaile nàme duǒ yào flngwènde dìfang. Zhěn shi yìtiSn yǒu sānshiliùge zhǒngtǒu cái bio.

Every day it's "as fast as possible." You're so busy!

You know, they arranged so many places for me to visit. I only wish that there were thirty-six hours in a day.

• A: Xiǎo Liú, ting níde kSuyín nl dàgài shi nánfǎng rén. Shi Shanghai rén, duì bu dui?

• B: Nl zhěn shi yǔyánxué.1 iǎ. búdàn huì shuǒ Zhǒngguo huà, hái tlngde-chū nánfǎng, bèifǎng kSuyīnde bù tōng.

• A: Náli, náli. W3 yánjiūde zhùyào

ahi pútōnghuà, duì fǎngyán méiyou shenme yánjiǔ, zhùyào shi w8 duì Zhōngwén fēicháng y8u xìngqu. DSngbèi, Xlbèi, nánfǎng, bèifǎng, mèiyíge dìfang, mèiyíge dìqū dōu y8u zìjíde y3yín xíguàn, zhēn shi fěichǎng y8u yìsi.

• B: Nl duì ZhSngwén zhèyang y8u xìngqu, zhèicì líi fǎngwèn y8u méiySu gēn Zhōngguóde yúyánxuéjiā tíntan?

• A: Tin le. Zhèicì Zhōngguō fǎng-m1 an ānpai w8 gēn hǎn duō xuézhǎ jiànle miàn. Zhèixiē xuézhǎ zài guōwài dōu shi hǎn y8u míngde.

• B: Nà hǎojíle. Nl kéyi y8u Jíhui duō liSoji? yidiǎn Zhōngguō yúyán-xuéde qíngkuàng.

• A: Nl duì yúyán yōu xìngqu ma?

• B: W8? W8 duì vénxué, lìshl dōu yōu yidiǎn xìngqu. Nl máng, wōmen xiàyícì zài tin.

• A: Hǎo, hǎo. Gǎitiǎn zài liio. Hui tōu Jiàn, Xiǎo Liú.

• B: Zàijiàn.

Xiǎo Liú, your accent sounds like you’re probably a southerner. You’re from Shànghǎi, right?

You’re a real linguist. Not only can you speak Chinese, you can even tell the difference between a northern and a southern accent.

Thank you. I mainly do research on Standard Chinese. I'm not well versed in the dialects. The main thing is that I'm very interested in Chinese. Manchuria, the northwest, the south, the north, every place, each district, has its own ways of speech. It's really very interesting.

Since you have such an interest in Chinese, did you talk with some Chinese linguists during this visit?

Yes. On this trip, the Chinese arranged for me to meet with a lot of scholars who are very famous abroad.

That's great. You get the chance to find out more about linguistics in China.

Are you interested in language?

Me? I have some interest in literature and history. You're busy, we'll talk some other time.

Okay. We'll chat some other day. See you later, Xiǎo Liú.

Good-bye.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U

In front of Dàhuí Cinema in Bǎijīng, a worker (B) is cleaning the glass cases in which posters are displayed. The Washington Post correspondent, Richard Leblanc (A), walks over to him.

A: Nín hǎo a! Mài piàode chuǎngkōu Hello! The ticket window isn't hái méi kái na?                       open yet?

B: Míi na! Zài gud shífén zhdng, Jiúdiǎn jiù kii le. Nín cóng nīr lǎi ya? Pútdnghuà shuode zhème hǎo?

Not yet. It’ll open in another few minutes, at nine. Where are you from? You speak such good Chinese.

• A: W? shi Huǎshèngdùn Yóubàode jìzhè, zài Béijlng yījlng sǎnge yuè le.

• B: Zài Bèijīng chide, zhùde dǒu mǎnyì ma?

• A: Chide, zhùde dǒu mǎnyì, wS tèbié

xihuan Bèijīngde xiǎochl.

• B: Duì! BéiJIngde xiǎochl shi yǒu

míngde, Dōngdǎn yídàide xiǎochī-diìn nl d5u qùguo le ba?

• A: Dàbùfen dǒu qùguo le. Zhēn bú cud, qùle hái xiǎng qù.

• B: Shi a, shi a! Nín jīntiǎn xiǎng kàn shénme diànyīngr a?

• A: Xiǎng kàn liǎngge xīnvénpiǎn. Zhōngguáde xinvénpiǎn bú cud.

• B: Nín dǒu kànguo shénme le?

• A: W5 chǎng kàn "Xīnvén Jiǎnbào," shàngcì kànle jièshào Huǎnǎn, Huǎ-bǎide yíbù xīnvénpiǎn, bú cud.

• B: Nín zuì xīhuan nǎr a?

• A: W8 zuì xihuan Huángshǎn hé Guilin.

• B: Ò! Nà shi hǎo dìfangr!

• A: W8 hái kànguo yíbù Jièshào shǎo-shù mínzú shēnghuúde dianyIng.

• B: Shi gùshlniǎnr a, hǎishi xīnwén-piǎnr a?

• A: Xīnvénpiǎnr, shi guǎnyú Xlnjiǎng, Nèiméng nèi yídàide.

I’m a reporter from the Washington Post. I’ve been in Bèijīng three months now.

Are you pleased with the food and living conditions here?

Yes. I especially like Béijīng's snacks.

Right. Béijīng is famous for its snacks. I suppose you've been to al 1 the "little eateries" in the Ddngdǎn area?

Most of them. They're great. You always want to go back.

Yes indeed. What movie do you vant to see today?

I vant to see two newsreels. China has good newsreels.

What ones have you seen?

I often see the "News Summaries." Last time I saw a newsreel presenting the north and south of China. It was pretty good.

What place did you like best?

I liked Mt. Huǎng and Guilin best.

Oh, those are nice places.

I also sav a movie introducing the life of the minority nationalities.

Was it a feature film or a newsreel?

A newsreel. It was about the region of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.

• B: Y3u yíbù gùshipiinr Jiào Wúdug Jīnhuà. shi Dilide shloshù mínzú-de àiqíng gùshi. ni kànguo ma?

• A: Mei kànguo. Dall zài nàr? Guizhou?

• B: Bù, zài Yúnnàn, nèi dif&ngr k? hào kàn le.

• A: Zhèige diànylng Jlnti&n yàn ma?

• B: Jlnr "bù yin, xiàllbài yin, nín yào kàn, di ge diànhuà gēn w8men diànylngyuàn li&nxì yixiar, w8men kéyi gii nín liú yizhfing piào.

• A: Zhèn xièxie nin. Ei, zhèige guinggào shi guānyú Dàqìngde ba?

• B: Shi, nèi shi ge chū shíyóude dif&ngr. Jīntiinde "Xīnwén Jiln-bào”li Jiù y8u.

• A: 0, w8 yào kàn zhèibù piǎnzi.

• B: Hio, mài piàode k&i menr le. Nín kuàl qù ba!

• A: Ěi, xièxie nín. Zàijiàn!

• B: Zàijiàn!

There's a feature film called Five Golden Flowers, a love story about a national minority in Dall. Have you seen it?

No. Where's Dàll? In Guizhou?

No, in Yúnnàn. It's a gorgeous place.

Is that movie playing today?

Not today, but next week. If you want to see it, give us a call and get in touch, and we can save a ticket for you.

Thanks a lot. Say, is this ad about Dàqìng?

Yes. They produce oil there. It's in today's "News Summary.”

Oh, I want to see that film.

Okay, the ticket office is open now.

Go and buy your ticket.

Right. Thank you. Good-bye.

Good-bye.

• 1. A: Nímen zhèngfú rènvéi mùqián dà-, zhōng-, xiioxuede qíngkuàng zěnmeyàng?

B: Wōmen xiing Wénhuà Gémìng ylhòude jiàoyu shuípíng bú gòu gāo, wōmen déi gàibiàn zhèige qíngxing.

• 2. A: Zhōngguō zhèngfú yōu Jìhuade tígǎo yíbùfen dàxuéde shuīpíng.

B: A! Zhèi jiù shi bi dàxué fēnchéng yílèi dàxué èrlèi dàxuéde yuányīn le!

• 3. A: Xiànzài Shànghiide liàoshī shùliang gòu bu gou?

B: Bú gòu, érqiě, zhèi shi yíge púbiànde wèntí.

U. A: Bàoshang shuǒ Měiguo zhōng-xiioxuéde tiio.'Ian dōu bú cuò.

• B: Shì. Jfbenshang méi sǎnshi-ge xuésheng yōu yíwèi jiàoshl liin zuì pfltōngde xuéxiào y? yōu diànshì, tushūguàn, shenmede.

• 5. A: Zhèngfú gěi pútōng xiàoxué hé zhòngdiln xiioxuéde qién yíyàng duō ma?

• B: Yōu yìdilnr chabié. Wōmen díi shōuxiān zhàogu zhòngdiin xiioxué.

• 6. A: Zhōngguō liúxuéshēng xuéxíde zhòngdiln shi zìran kěxué ba?

B: Duìle, shi kěxué .lìshu.

What does your government think of your colleges, high schools, and primary schools at present?

We think that since the Cultural Revolution educational standards have not been high enough, and ve must change this situation.

The Chinese government is raising the standards in some universities in a planned way.

Ah! This is the reason that universities are divided into Class I and Class II.

At present is the number of teachers in Shànghli sufficient?

No, moreover this is a videspread problem.

It says in the papers that conditions in American secondary and primary schools are quite good.

Yes. In general there's a teacher , for every thirty students, and even the most ordinary schools have televisions, a library, and so on.

Does the government give the same amount of money to ordinary elementary schools as to key elementary schools?

There is some difference. We must first give consideration to key elementary schools.

Chinese students abroad concentrate on the natural sciences, isn't that so?

Right, on science and technology.

• 7. A: Nlmende vfatliūahēng chǔ _guá xuéxí yfhou dSu huí dàxué Ji Io shril ma?

• B: Bù. Y8u yíbùfen dèi dǎnrèn Jìshu fíngmiande lìngdlo góngzuá.

• 8. A: Jlngguò sǎnniínde nùlì, zhèige dìqūde néngyè shěng-chln tiAoJiàn xiǎngdǎng bú cud le.

• B: Guānyú zhèige wèntí, nimen yJ5u méiyou cĀiliào, wSmen k? bu kéyi dàihuiqu kànkan?

• 9. A: Yào shíxiàn Sìge Xiàndàihuà zuì dàdevèntíshi shénmē?

• B: Shi JlngJi. W3men dèi zài bú tài chángde shíjilnlì bl zhèngaèr guójiāde JlngJi gloshangqù.

• 10. A: WSmende liúxuéshēng tíchulai Jlge wèntí.

B: WS tingshuǒ le, tāmen xiing Jiākuài xuéxí sùdu. W3men yídìng klolÙ.

• 11. zhìliàng (zhiliàng, zhiliàng)

• 12. Béidà

• 13. qǔbié

1U. shèhuì kSxué

After going abroad to study, do all your graduate students go back to the universities and teach?

No. Some of them have to take np leading posts in technical fields.

After three years of effort, conditions for agricultural production in this area are now quite good.

Do you have any data on this subject that we could take back with us to read?

What is the biggest problem in achieving the Four Modernizations?

It's the econony. Before too long we must push ahead the econony of the whole country.

Our foreign exchange students have brought up a few problems.

I heard. They want to speed up the pace of their studies. We'll be sure to consider it.

quality

Béijīng University (short for Bèijīng Dàxué)

difference, distinction

social sciences

yinjiùshěng yíbùfen

zhěnggè(r)

shilling (zhí-, zhi-) zhòngdiín

zirán

zirán kěxué

graduate student a part, a portion; sone

whole, entire

quality focal point, emphasis; key nature; natural natural sciences

• 1. A: Nimen zhèngfú rènyéi mùqián di-, zhSng-, xiāoxuéde qíngkuàng zānmeyàng?

B: WSmen xiǎng Wénhuà Geming ylhòude Jiàoyu shulpíng bú gòu gio, wSmen dèi giibiàn zhèige qíngxing.

What does your government think of your colleges, high schools, and primary schools at present?

We think that since the Cultural Revolution educational standards have not been high enough _t and ve must change this situation.

Notes on No. 1

rènvéi: "to think (that),” ”to consider (that),” ”to believe (that)” This is typically used for considered opinions and judgments, as opposed to xiǎng, "to think," which can be used for mere impressions and guesses. Also contrast yiwéi. "to think mistakenly."

Wg rènvéi tā shuōde shi duìde.

Tā rènvéi zhèijiàn shi bù yíng-gāi ring wSmen zuò.

I consider what he said correct OR I believe that what he said is right

He does not think ve should be allowed to do this.

mùqián must refer to a broader period

Mùqián wSmen chāngde shěngchān shulpíng hái bú gdu gāo.

Mùqián tāde Jīngjì qíngkuàng bú tài hāo.

of time.

At present our factory's production level isn't high enough.

At present his financial situation isn't too great.

dà-, zhSng-, xiāoxué: Short for dàxué, zhōngxué, xiāoxué.

gémìn£: "revolution," "revolutionary," "to revolt" In ancient China, gé mìng, literally, "to change the mandate of heaven," referred to the changing of dynasties, since the monarch was held to be ordained by heaven. The pattern Gé X-de mìng, literally, "to change X's mandate of heaven," means "to revolt against X."

Wenhuà Géw^ng or Wénhuà Dà Géming; The common terms for the Wúchān Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Geming. "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" (1966-1977)• An even shorter abbreviation is Wéngé.

shulpíng; "level," "standard"

Rìbānde gSngyè shāngchān shulpíng zhěn gāo!

Māiguo rénde shěnghué shulpíng hān gāo!

Hi» level in German isn't high enough.

• 2. A: ZhSngguó zhàngfú y8u Jìhuade tígào yíbùfen dàxuéde shulpíng.

B: À! Zhèi jiù ahi bX dàxué fěnchéng yīlèi dàxué èrlài dàxuéde yuínyīn le!

The Chinese government is raising the standards in some universities in a planned way.

Ah! This is the reason that universities are divided into Class I and Class II.

tígào: "to raise," "to improve"

Dào Zhíngguó qù, kéyi tígào duì Zhōngguéde rènshi.

Jiěfàng ylhòu, fùnttde dìwei tígào le.

ShXoshù mínzú shu5 pùtSnghuàde shulpíng tígàole bù shXo.

-bùfen: "part," "section"

Qìng bX zhà yíbùfen fànchéng ZhSngwén.

Tǎ xiéde nèibén shú, y8ude bùfen hXo, ySude bùfen bù hlo.

yíbùfen: "a part," "a portion,"

Ti shuěde huà, yíbùfen shi duìde, yíbùfen shi cuòde.

Qùde rén, yùu yíbùfen híi xiXng zài qù, ySu yíbùfen bù xiXng qù le.

Please translate this part into Chinese.

Some sections of the book he wrote are good, and some aren't.

some

Part of what he said is right, and part is wrong.

Of the people who went, some would like to go back again, and some do not want to.

fěn: "to divide" As you learned fěnkli. "to split up," in the Society module, this word is not entirely new to you, but here you see it with the ending -chéng, "into." Here's another example:

-Ill: "category"

Xiànzài lit Měiguíde ZhSngguo rén dàgài kéyi fěn lilnglèi.

The Chinese who are coming to the U.S. now can be roughly divided into tvo categories.

Zhèilèi wèntí zuì hlo hé LÍxíng-shādm rān tin.

"Hei Wúlfci," "H6ng Wúlèi,"* shi Wenhul Di Gémìng shíhoude shuōfā.

You had best talk with the Travel Service people about this sort of question.

The "Five Black Categories* and the "Five Red Categories"* were terns used during the time of the Cultural Revolution.

Zhèi Jiù shi...-de yuányín: "This is the reason that..." Here is another example of this useful pattern:

Zhèi jiù shi tā méi qùde yuānyfn. This is the reason he didn’t go.

Zhèi j iù shi...-de yuanyln le: This sentence exemplifies a use of new-situation le to emphasize the speaker's newly-reached understanding. You can think of this le as meaning "How I get it.*"

ò, nl yīqián shuōguode Hou Xi in-   Oh, the Mr. HSu you spoke of before

sheng Jlù shi tā le.*                is him!

À! Sufiyi nl nine xiāng qù le! Oh! That's why you want so much to go!

Related uses of nev-situation le include drawing a new inference, e.g.,

Then, you must know Section Chief Chǐn, I suppose?

and settling on a course of action or reaching a decision:

A: Tā zhldao wSde diinhuà ma?

B: Zhīdao.

A: Na w8 Jiù ding tāde diinhuā le.

Does he know my telephone number?

Yes.

Then I'll wait for his call.

• 3. A: Xiìnzii Shānghāide iiāoshí shùliang gdu bu goū?

B: Bú gdu, SrqiS, zhèi shi yíge púbiānde vdntí.

At present is the number of teachers in Shànghāi sufficient?

No, moreover this is a widespread problem.

Notes on No. 3 jiāoshī: "teacher," "schoolteacher" W8 shi yíge xiāoxué Jiàoshí. I'm an elementary school teacher.

‘These terna, which area* la the first yean of the Cultural Revolution (and are now obsolete), referred to the two ideologically "irreconcilable camps." In effect, they were used to classify people by their family backgrounds. The Five Black Categoriee, or "bad" backgrounds, were landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements, sad bourgeois rightists. The Five Red ("good") Categories were workers, poor peasants, lover-middle peasants, revolutionary arwymen, and revolutionary cadres.

Nimen xuixiào yígòng y8u duS- How many English teachers are there shǎo Ylngwén jiàoshī?              in your school?

shùlianft: "quantity," "number," "amount"

Nī néng bu néng shuSchú tǎmende Can you give an exact idea of shùliang y8u duǒshǎo?              their numbers?

Cong shùliangshang kàn, zhèige From the point of view of numbers, xuéxiàode nénshéng zhàn            the male students occupy the main

zhúyàode dìwei.                     position in the school.

púbiàn: "to be universal/widespread/common"

Zài Miiguó, yíge jdating y8u In America it is very common for sǎnliàng qìchē shi hín pSbiàn- one family to have three cars, de shi.

During the last thirty years, people's educational level in China has seen widespread improvement.

U. A: Bàoshang shuS Mliguo zhSng-xiǎoxuéde tiéojiàn dSu bú cud.

B: Shi. JTbenshang méi sǎnshi-ge xuésheng you yíwèi Jiào-shl, lién zui nútSngde xué-zlào yè y8u dianshi, túshū-guǎn, shenmede.

It says in the papers that conditions in American secondary and primary schools are quite good.

Yes. In general there's a teacher for every thirty students, and even the most ordinary schools have televisions, a library, and so on.

Notes on No. U

tiaojiàn: "conditions)," "circumstances"

Zhèrde gSngzud tiéojiàn bú cud. Working conditions here are pretty good.

jlbén: "basic," "fundamental," "elementary" (For the first example, you need to know yúfǎ, "grammar," and cíhuì. "vocabulary.")

Xue liāngnlén ZhSngwén, Jfbln- After studying tvo years of Chinese, da yùfā hi cíhuì d8u zhidao le. (one) knows the basic grammar and vocabulary.

Zhèige dlqú gio níngyède jTbān The basic conditions for farming tiioJiin bú gdu.                    are not good enough in this area.

JTbenshang., "basically," is often used in the PRC to mean "in the main," "on the whole?" "by and large." (This usage is not common in Taiwan, however.)

JTbenshang tā shi yíge hāo         On the whole, he is a good comrade,

téngzhí.

JTbenshang méiyou wèntí le.        By and large, there are no more

problems.

NT shuōde YIngwén JTbenshang For the most part, I can understand vS d5u tTngdedSng.                  all your English.

mil..,y8u...: "There is...for every..." Examples:

Mil singe rén ySu yíge shi         There is an American for every

Mliguo rén.                         three persons. (One of every

three people is an American.)

Mil sāntiān ySu yíge rén lii. (There is) one person (who) comes every three days.

pǔtSng:

Tāmen liāngge zhi shi pútǒng péngyou, mél shenme tèbiéde guānxi.

Tā jiù ahi yíge ptttSng rén, hé ni hé vS yíyàng.

PtttSngde hùzhào hé zhèige y8u shénme qùbiéT

5. A: Zhèngfú gāi pùtffng xlāoxué hé zhdngdiān xiāoxuéde qián yíying du8 ma?

B: Y3u yìdlānr chābié. WSmen dll ahSuriān zhèagu zhdngdiān xiāoxué.

Does the government give the same amount of money to ordinary elementary schools as to key elementary schools?

There is some difference. We must first give consideration to key elementary schools.

Notes on No. 5

zhdngdiān: "heavy-point"—"emphasis," "focal point" or in some phrases, "key" Also used adverbially.

chabié: "difference," "discrepancy," "disparity" Contrast the word qǔbié (additional required vocabulary), "difference," "distinction." Chlbié stresses the idea of a distance, gap, or inequality between the things compared. Qǔbié refers to differences, determined by inspection, between otherwise similar things.

Zhèiyang zuò he nèiyang zuò ySu shénme chabié?

Chéngshl he néngcǔn chabié hén dà.

Hl shuǒshuo zhèi liXngge shSu-yInJIde qǔbié zài nXr?

Zhèi llXngbèn zìdiXn y8u shénme qǔbié?

What is the difference between doing it this way and doing it that way?

There's a big difference between the city and the country.

Tell me what the differences are between these two radios.

What's the difference between these two dictionaries?

shSuxiln: "first," meaning before doing something else. This is a movable adverb (can come either before or after the subject of the sentence, but always before the verb).

RǔguS nl yào dào ZhSngguó qù, If you want to go to China, you shSuxiln yào xué yidlXn Zhòngwén. should learn a little Chinese first.

In sentence 5B, shSuxiXn zhàogu, "first of all give consideration to," can be idiomatically translated as "give first consideration to."

Rotes on Ko. 6

Kexué is also used for "to be scientific":

Zhiizhòng zuòfí hěn kěxué.         This method is very scientific.

NX nèizhòng xlXngfX bù kěxué! That’s a very unscientific idea.

Jìshu: "technique," "skill," "technology"

Ti kii chěde Jìshu bin bio.        He's a good driver.

Zbè shi wi zuòde Mépó Dòufu, nX I made this Mépú Beancurd. How do kin wide jìshu zěnmeying?          rate my technique?

ZhSngguéde chǎyè ahěngchXn jìshu fǎshǎn dàole bìjiǎo gǎode shulpíng.

China*a tea production technology is rather highly developed.

Tǎ ahi ge Jìshu gSngren.

He is a skilled worker.

Nímende vǎn^igshěng chǔ gu6 xuéxí yìhou d5u huí dàxué Jiǎo shù ma?

B: Bù. YSu yíbùfen déi dǎnrèn jìshu fǎngmiande llngdlo gōngzuò.

After going abroad to study, do all your graduate students go back to the universities and teach?

No. Some of them have to take up leading posts in technical fields.

Notes on No. 7 chǔ guó: "to go abroad" Tǎ shi nǎiniǎn chù guéde?

Chù guS liúxuéde yǎnjiǔshǎng nfide duS bu du3?

In what year did he go abroad?

Are there many women among the graduate students who go abroad to study?

dǎnrèn: "to assume," "to take up" a job or post

NX zài zhèr dǎnrèn shénme gSng- What is your Job title here? zud?

Tǎ zuì J in yào qù ǑuzhSu dǎnrèn He will soon be going to Europe to llngshì gongzud.                    do consular work.

Tǎ dǎnrènguo Méidàsī sīzhǎng. He has been the chief of the Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.

Dǎnrèn llngdlo gdngzuò. as in sentence 7B, is an often used phrase for "to take on leadership work," "to take up a leading poet" (that is, to be in a job in which one is in charge of others).

B: Guǎnyú zhèige wèntí, nimen ySu méiyou céiliào. wSmen k? bu kéyi dàihuiqu kànkan?

After three years of effort, conditions for agricultural production in this area are now quite good.

Do you have any data on this subject that we could take back with us to read?

Notes on No. 8

• (1) "to pass," "to go through"

Zhèllù chi Jlngguù Dǎngdǎn ma?

Nèige difang wǎ mei qùguo, dǎnshl jíngguòguo.

Zhèi shi w8 dìyícì jīngguò zhèiyangde kǎoshì.

Does this bus go through Dǎngdǎn?

I’ve never been there, but I’ve passed through (OR passed by).

This is the first time I’ve ever taken a test like this.

• (2) "as a result of,** "after,** "through" This is the way jlngguù is used in sentence 8A. (For the second example you need to know zhǎnzhēng. "war.")

  Jlngguè tǎolùn, wǎmen Juéding xiǎ Xīngqīsì qù yǎcǎn.

  Tǎ yǎ bù Jīngguó kǎolà Jiù he tǎ jiéhǔn le.

  
  

After discussion, we have decided to hold the picnic next Thursday

He married her without even giving it any consideration.

JīngguB hǎn cháng shiJiande        As a result of the lengthy war, this

zhǎnzhǎng, zhèige dìqū yījíng area has become unrecognizable, biàade bú rènshi le.

• (3) "course (of events); what has happened"

  Tǎ huílal bǎ quánbù Jīnggud gǎosule v8.

  Shìqingde JIngguò shi zǎnme-yǎngde, nl zhfdao ma?

  null: "to make great efforts," "

  Tǎ gǒngzuò hǎn nùlì.

  Ta bú dan núlì gúngzuè, rén yǎ hǎn rèxīn.

  
  

  When he returned, he told me the whole story of what happened.

  Do you know how the whole thing went?

  • try hard," "to exert oneself"

  He works very hard.

  Not only does he work very hard, but he is also a warmhearted person.

  
  

Contrast mill gǒngzuù, "work hard," with yùnggSng, "study hard.

cáiliǎo: (1) "material"

Zhèige fíngzide cáiliǎo kànqllái hǎoxiǎng bú cud.

(2) "data," "material"

Tǎ gǎile w8 hǎn duǎ cáiliǎo, wS santian yǎ kǎnbuwán.

Nl nádǎo xlnde xuéxí cáiliǎo le ma? Míngtiǎn yǎo shǎng xln kè le.

This house looks like it's made of pretty good material.

He gave me a lot of data (material). Even three days wouldn't be enough time for me to finish reading it.

Have you picked up the new study materials yet? We start the new lesson tomorrow.

(3) "makings*” "material"

Tà bú shi zud Jiàosháude céiliào.

He doesn't have the makings of a professor.

9. A: Yào shíxiàn Sìge Xiàndài huà zuì dàde^-wèntí shi shénme?

B: Shi jlngji. WSmen díi zài bú tài chángde shíjiānll bà zhénggèr guójiàde JIngji gZoshangqù.

What is the biggest problem in achieving the Four Modernizations?

It's the economy. Before too long ve must push ahead the economy of the whole country.

Notes on No. 9

shíxiàn: "to realize/achieve/bring about/accompliah/come true" Besides being used to talk about the Four Modernizations, shíxiàn is also used for realizing a wish, an ideal, a goal, self-sufficiency, a reform, industrialization, etc. Note that shíxiàn can be used in a causal sense (i.e., "cause to come about"): "They realized their vish" CTāmen shíxiànle tlmende yuànvàngJ; or in a non-causal sense (i.e., "come about"): "Their wish came about" CTǎmende yuànwàng shíxiànle].

Zài Xlflng, shíxiàn gēngyèhuà In. the West, achieving industrialization yljlng shi yìbZinlín qiínde        is something which was done a century

shi le.                              ago.

N&nJíng Jlbenshang shíxiànle luhuà.

NÉnJíng has basically accomplished "greenification" (making the city green by planting trees, flowers, etc.).

xiàndài: "modern times" or "modern," "contemporary"

Xiàndài rénde xiZngfZ d3u shi Modern man's ideas are all hén kěxuéde.                        scientific.

-huà: "-ize," "-ify" Examples:

gōngyèhuà to industrialize         lúhuà

JiZnhuà        to simplify (JiZn is mZihuà

short for jiZndàn)

Méiguúhuà     to Americanize           èhuà

xiàndàihuà: "to become modernized"; "modernized/sophisticated/modern" Caution: This is an intransitive verb (cannot take an object). Therefore, to say "modernize our country" you must phrase it as "make our country become modernized":

Sìge Xiàndàihuà: "the Four Modernizations” These are the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology. Comprehensive development in these areas by the end of the century was called for at the Eleventh National Party Congress in 1977, and again by Communist Party Chairman Huà GuSfěng at the Fifth National People's Congress in 1978. (This theme had been enunciated twice before, in 1965 and 1975, by Zhou Ēnlíi.) Since 1979, the drive for the "socialist Four Modernizations” has been at the root of the Chinese government's domestic policy and have also had a broad influence on its foreign policy.

zhénggè(r): As an adjective (before a noun), "whole,” "entire,” referring to a single item.

Zhènggè shàngwú ni d3u zuò shénme le?

What did you do the whole morning?

W8 yào mài zhènggède huStuI, bú yào bàngede.

Zhínggè Jìhuà d5u shi ti yíge rén xiXngchūliide.

I want to buy a whole ham, not a half one.

The entire plan was his idea.

As an adverb, zhènggè(r) means "completely," "in its entirety":

gàoshàngjjù: Shànggu, "to go up," may be used figuratively to say that production "goes up" or work "moves forward." The resultative compound gíoshàngqù. therefore, means "to cause to go up," "to cause to move forward.” We have translated it here as "to push ahead” the economy.

10. A: WSmende llúxuéshéng tíchulai Jīge wèntí.

B: W3 tīngshuB le, timen xiing jiǎkuài xuéxí sùdu. W3men yidìng kiolÚ.

Our foreign exchange students have brought up a few problems.

I heard. They want to speed up the pace of their studies. We'll be sure to consider it.

Notes on Ho. 10

tí: One meaning of the verb tí ie "to lift,** "to raise." In & more abstract sense* it can mean (1) "mention," "refer to," "bring up" (a subject). TÍ wàntí is "to ask questions."

W3 tí ge wèntí kéyi ma?            May I ask a question?

Qlng dàjiǎ tí yíjian.              Please giveus your comments, everyone.

Bié zài tí nèijiàn shì le, hào ma?

Tí mSicì tídao zhèijiàn shì, w3 jiu shěngqì.

(2) "to raise," "to bring up," "to etc.):

Tí tide nil liingge tiíojiàn, w3 méi bànfi shíxiàn.

NX juéde vSde bànfi bù xíng, key! tíchǔ nlde bànfí.

Tí tíchǔ ràng Zhing Téngzhì zuò llngdio.

Tí tíchǔ yào dào Nínjíng qù yítàng yíhòu cíi néng xi? zhèipiín wénzhíng.

jitkuàl: "to quicken," "to speed up" (one's step, a process, the pace of doing something)

RǔguS Jiākuài zuò, síntiin jiu If ve speed up, we can finish xíng le.                            in three days.

sùdù: (11tardily "fast-degree") "speed," "pace," "tempo"

Sinshiniín líi, Rìbln jlngjì For the past thirty years, Japan's fízhinde sùdù hln kuài.            rate of economic development has

been very fast.

.1 i&niài... sùdù, "to quicken the pace of...," "to speed up":

CThe opposite of .Uíkuàl sùdù is fàngmàn sùdù.3

Notes on Additional Required. Vocabulary

zhìliàng: "quality” Also pronounced zhiliàng or zhìliàng.

Shùliàng duo, zhìliàng yě "bú They are plentiful and of good cuò.                                 quality.

In some contexts, you can use the syllable zhì/zhí/zhì to stand for zhìliàng and the syllable liàng to stand for shùliàng:

Zhī, liàng, dǒu bú cuò.

The quality and quantity are both good.

Thia dialogue takes place in Bāijīng. Early one morning, Professor Armstrong is out for a walk near his hotel when he runs into Lin XiXohé of the China Travel Service.

L:   Jiàoshòu, nín zào.'

A:   Zāo, ni hāo! Zāoshangde kōngqì

bījiāo xīnxian yidiānr. W3 hén xīhuan zāoshang zài wàimian zòuyizSu.

L: Jíntiǎn tiānqi y? bú cuò, méiyou féng, chūlai zSuzou duì shèntī y3u hāochu.

A:   Shi a! Jíntiǎnde tiānqi zhen

shūfu.

L: Jiàoshòu, nín jíntiǎn hāoxiàng hān gāoxìng ma!

A: W3 hān gāoxìng. Nī zhīdao, duó jiú le, w3 xiāng qù kànkan Bāidà, kāshi yìzhí méiyou jfhui qù.

L: Jíntiǎn wSmen jiu kéyi qù cānguān le.

A: Shi a. W3 shi gāo jiàoyu gòngzuòde. Zài Māiguéde shihou, vS chāngchéng xlhuan kàn xie guānyú Zhōngguó jiàoyu qíngkuàngde shǔ, kāshi, yào zhènde yínjiúde huà, z3ng juéde cāiliào bú gòu, y3u hān duo dSngxi bú gòu liāojiā, érqiā, yòu shihou yāude céiliào hé Zhǒngguóde qíngkuàng chābié hān dà, suāyī . . .

L: Nín y8u shénme wèntí jiu tíchulai, yāxú wō kéyi bāng nín yidiānr māng ne?

A: Nī dāngyidāng, wō shìshi, kàn néng bu néng shuǒqíngchu a!

L: Mei guānxi, nín mànmānr shuǒ.

Good morning, Professor!

Good morning, how are you. The morning air is a little fresher. I like to go for a walk outside in the morning.

The weather is pretty nice today too. There’s no wind. It’s good for the health to go out and do some walking.

Yes. The weather today is ranily pleasant.

Professor, you seem so happy today.

Yes, I am. You know, I've been wanting to go visit Bāijíng University for such a long time, but I never had the chance to.

But we’re going today.

That's right. I’m in education. When I'm in the States I often like to read books about education in China, but I always feel that we don't have enough data to do actual research on it. There's a lot we don’t understand well enough. Furthermore, some of the data is very different from the Ctrue2 situation in China, so . . .

Ask me any questions you have, maybe I can help you with them.

Wait a second, let me try and see if I can explain it clearly.

It doesn't matter, take your time.

A:   Zài nimen zhèr, dàxué fen yllèi

èrlèi, zhōngxué xiāoxué y? y3u zhòngdíān zhSng- xiāoxué hé pútōng zhōng- xiloxuéde qíTbié. Zhèiyang zuòde mùdi shi shénme ne? WS shi shuo . . .

Here, your universitiet are divided into Class I and Class II, and your middle schools and elementary schools distinguish between key and regular ones. What is the purpose for doing that? I mean ...

L: ftg, nl shuǒxiaqu.

A: WSde yìsi shi, yàoshi bā zhòng-diān fang zai Jlgè xuéxiào-shang, néng bu néng pùbiàn tí-gāo Jiàoyu shulpíng ne?

L:   Zhèi shi yíge hèn hāode wèntí.

Nl zhidao, Zhōngguó ySu shíyìduō rénkBu, ySu name duo rén xūyào shòu Jiàoyu, késhi Jiàoyude qíngkuàng bù néng rang rén mXnyì.

A: fig.

L: Tebié shi Jīngguà Wénhuà Dà Gé-mlng ylhèu, Jiàoyu fāngmian zhēn y3u bù shío wèntí, suSyl zài mùqiánde qíngkuàng xià, wSmen déi bà zhòngdiān fang zai yíbùfen dàxué, zhSngxué, hé xiāoxuéshang.

A:   Name, zài zhòngdiān dàxuéli,

nimen rènwéi zuì zhūyàode gōngzud you shi shénme ne?

L: ShSuxiǎn déi xiíng bànfā tígāo Jiáoshlde shulpíng. Xiànzài Jiàoshi shùliàng bú gōu, shulpíng bù gāo.

A: ftg, zhèi shi yíge zhángyàode wèntí.

L: Shi, zhèige wèntí hé tígāo zhénggèr mínzúde Jiàoyu shulpíng ySu hén dàde guānxi.

A: Hlo, name dìèr ne?

L:   Gāo Sìge Xiàndàihuà xūyào hén

duo shòuguo Jiàoyude rén, kèshi zhèijiàn shi bú shi zài duín

5Í

Uh-huh, ga on.

I mean, if you put the emphasis on a few schools, will you be able to make a general improvement in the level of education?

That’s a very good question. You know, China has over a billion people people. There are so many people who who need to get an education, but educational conditions are not satisfactory.

Uh-huh.

Especially since the Cultural Revolution, there have been a lot of problems in the area of education, so under the present conditions, we must put the emphasis on a portion of our colleges, middle schools, and elementary schools.

Then in key colleges, what do you consider to be the principal Job?

First of all we must try to raise the level of the instructors. At present the number of instructors is insufficient and their level is low.

Mm, that's an important problem.

Yes, it's a question that has great bearing on raising the educational level of the whole nation.

Okay, then the second thing?

To carry on the Four Modernizations we need a lot of educated people, but this can't be accomplished in

shíjiínli kéyi zuōhàode. Zhèi yidiàn nín digit tōngyì ba?

A: Wō dōng, v8 dōng.

L:   Suoyi, wōmen bin yixiē zhōng-

diàn xuéxiào, wèide shi JiSkuài Jiàoyu sùdu.

A: Jiākuài Jiàoyu sùdu? Nīde yìsi shi shuō, zhōngdiàn xuéxiàode tiíojiàn bījiào hào, xuésheng, Jiàoshīde shuípíng y? bījiào gāo, zhèiyang, xuésheng Jiu yōu Jīhui zài bījiào duànde shíjiàn-li xué bījiào duode dōngxi.

L:    Duì le.

A: Name nīmen pài chū guōde liúxué-shěng shì bu shi dōu shi cōng zhòngdiXn xuéxiàoli láide ne?

L: Tǎmen duōbànr shi cōng zhōngdiàn dàxué láide, tèbié shi yánj iūshēng.

A: Wō Jiànguo Jīwèi líi Méiguō niàn shūde liúxuéshěng, tamen dōu shi xué kexué Jìshude. Tīngshuō támen xuéde fetching nùlì. Zhōngguō liúxuéshēngde xuéxí zhōngdiàn shi kexué Jìshu, duì bu dui?

L: Nín shuōde duì, tāmen zhùyào shi xué zirán kexué. Zhèi shi wōmen mùqián zuì dàde xūyào.

A: Tǎmen huí guō yīhōu dōu gào yánjiū gōngzuō ma?

L: Bù yídìng. Wō xiàng yōu yí dà bùfen hái dll zài dàxué danrèn Jiàoshīde gōngzuō. Shíxiàn Sìge Xiàndàihuà líbukíi Jiàoyu ma! Jiàoshōu, yōu shíjiān géi wō Jièshao Jieshao Méiguōde Jiàoyu qíngkuàng a!

A: HXo, nī duì nXifángmiànde qíngkuàng zuì yōu xìngqu?

a short time. You probably agree with that point, don't you?

I understand, I understand.

So we are setting up some key schools in order to speed up the educational process.

To speed up the educational process? You mean, key schools have better conditions, and the level of their students and teachers is higher, so the students have the opportunity to learn more things in a shorter time.

Right.

Then are all the students you send abroad from key schools?

They're mostly from key universities, especially the graduate students.

I've met several Chinese going to school in the United States. They were all studying science and technology. I hear that they were very hard-working. Chinese students abroad concentrate on science and technology, isn't that right?

That's right, they mainly study the natural sciences. That's our greatest need at present.

After they return home do they all do research work?

Not necessarily. I think that a large portion of them still have to take up teaching positions in universities. Education is essential to achieving the Four Modernizations! Professor, when you have the time, tell me about education in America!

Sure. What aspect are you most interested in?

L:   W8 duì xiāoxué Jiàoyu, értóng

Jiàoyu suì yōu xìngqu, yínwei, vS xiXng yíge rén kāishí shòu Jiào-yude nèiduàn shiJiàn shi fetching zhdngyàode.

A: W3 tóngyì níde kànfā, érqiě, chúle shàng xué ylwài, Jiātíng he shèhuìde Jiàoyu y? féicháng zhòngyào. Y3ude shihou, fùmùmen-de Jiàoyu qíngkuàng he háizimen yōu féicháng dàde guānxi.

L:   Duì. Suóyi gSohāo Jiàoyu shi

zhenggèr shèhuìde gōngzuò, wǒmen méige rén dǒu ySu zéren.

A: Ni shuōde zhěn hāo. Duì le, Jintiǎn wǒmen cānguānde Béidà, shi bu shi Zhōngguó zuì hāode dàxué ne?

L: Běidà shi hěn yōu míngde dàxué, kěshi hěn nán shuo shi bu shi zuì hāode. Zài Zhōngguó yōu Jíge dàxué dōu bú cud. Béidàde Jiàoyu zhiliang Jlbenshang ràng rén minyì.

ShiJian bù zio le, nín chi zāo-fàn le meiyou?

A: Ou, vS hái méi chi zíofàn ne, wǒ mlshàng Jiù qù.

L:   Bié Jí, wǒmen děngzhe nín.

A:   Hāo, vS hěn kuài Jiu lái.

I’m most interested in primary school and child education, because I think the period when a person begins his education is very important.

I agree with you. Furthermore, besides attending school, the education one gets in the home and in society are also very important. Sometimes the parents' education has a great bearing on the children ' s.

Right. So improving education is the Job of our entire society. Each of us has the responsibility for it.

Well said. Oh yes—is Běijlng University, which we're going to visit today, the best university in China?

B.U. is a very famous university, but it's difficult to ssy if it's the best. There are several universities in China that are pretty good. The quality of education.at B.U. is basically satisfactory.

It's getting late, have you had breakfast?

Oh, I haven't had breakfast yet. I'll go right away.

No hurry, we'll wait for you.

Okay, I'll be there shortly.

Exercise 1

This exercise is & review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.

All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.

Exercise 2

In this exercise, an American college student runs into a student from China at the Dupont Circle subway station in Washington, D.C.

The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, you'll probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions below as you listen a second time.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:

suàn                                to be counted as (good, bad, etc.)

kějì                               science and technology (abbreviation

for kěxue jìshu)

huìhuà                             conversation

JiXnchěng                          abbreviation

yángé                              to be strict

Questions for Exercise 2

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

1. Where did the American student learn Chinese? Where did the Chinese student learn English?

2. What was language study like at B.U.? Do you think it is different from an American university? How do you know?

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.

Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.

Exercise 3

In this conversation, a young Chinese teacher at Béijīng University walks over to her American student who is sitting under a tree reading a hook.

Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:

WénGé                             Cultural Revolution (abbreviation of

Wénhuà Dà Géming) xuéyuàn                             (academic) institute

Questions for Exercise 3

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. Why does the student like to read Chinese literature? What is Ms. Lin’s reaction?

• 2. Why are Chinese students who go abroad older than usual? What does the American say are other characteristics of these students?

• 3. How does Ms. Lin respond to the student's wish to talk with more Chinese?

• U. Summarize this dialogue in two or three sentences. After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.

Exercise U

This conversation takes place at the BSiJīng University library when an An American graduate student and a Chinese graduate student happen to meet.

Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions.

You will need the following new words and phrases:

Questions for Exercise U

• 1. How does the American student feel about his study of Chinese?

• 2. Are post-Cultural Revolution college students in China very familiar with the social situation in their country? Why?

• 3. Why do the American students want to go outside the university?

U. What sentences does the American use to take leave of the Chinese?

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2

At the Dupont Circle subway station in Washington, D.C., an Americah college student (A) runs into a student from China (B).

• A: Duìbuql, nl shi céng Zhǒnggué láide liúxuéshēng ba?

• B: Shì a! Nīde Zhōngwén zènme

hSo, qùguo Zhǒnggué ba?

• A: Hái méiyou, yìhòu yòu jlhui wS

yídìng yào qù kànkan.

• B: Nà nīde ZhSngwén Jiù shi zài

Huáshèngdùn xuéde?

• A: Eng. Jīnián yīqián w3 zài Jià-

zh8u Dàxué xuéguo yìnián, lái Huáshèngdùn yīhòu you yìzhí zài xué. Késhi Zhǒngwénde shuīpíng háishi bú gdu gǎo.

• B: NX méiyou qùguo Zhǒngguó, ZhSngwén zènme hào le, v8 lái Méigué yljīng yìnián, Yīngwén shuīpíng háishi tígǎode hén man.

• A: Zài ZhSngguáde shihour nī xuéguo Yīngwén ba?

• B: Xuéguo, xuéguo sǎnnián ban ne!

• A: Shi Yīnggué Yīngwén?

• B: Shì, érqié jiàoshī y? d5u shi Zhǒngguo rén* suéyi chǔ gué yīhòu zuì did* wèntí shi tīng-budSng, shuffbuchǔlái. Kin shǔ bl shuō huà réngyiduS le.

• A: Zài ZhSngguúde shihou, nl zài

néige dàxué niàn shǔ?

• B: Zài Bèidà. Béidàde Yīngwén hái suàn bú cuò, búguò, wSmen.xué kējìde xuésheng zhòngdiXn shi kàn shǔ, fányi, bú shi huìhuà.

Excuse me, you must be a student from China, aren-'t you?

Yes! Your Chinese is so good! Have you been to China?

Not yet, but if I get the chance to I'm sure I'll go visit.

Then you learned all your Chinese here in Washington?

Mm. A few years ago I had a year of Chinese at the University of California, and since I came to Washington, I've been studying it all along. But iny level in Chinese still isn't high enough.

Your Chinese is this good and you've never been to China, but I've been in the States a year already and my English level is still improving very slowly.

You studied English when you were in China, I suppose?

Sure, I studied it for three and a half years'.

British English?

Yes, and my teachers were all Chinese, so after I left China my biggest problem was that I couldn't understand people talking and I couldn't speak. Reading is a lot easier than speaking.

In China, what university were you studying at?

At B.U. B.U. is pretty good for English, but for us students in science and technology the emphasis is on reading and translating, not on conversation.

• A: Kějì? Shi bu shi kěxué jìshu?

• B: Shi. Wines chángchíng yòng hěn dui jilnchěng, duìbuqí ya!

• A: Nà méiyou shenme. Búguò w3 hái yòu yìdiSnr bù dòng.

• B: Shénme dìfangr?

A: Nimen cháng shuo kexué fěn liàng-bùfen, yíbùfen shi shèhui kěxué, yíbùfen shi zìrén kěxué. Nàme kěxué Jìshu shuǒde jiù shi zìrán kěxué ma?

B: Zhè bú shi nàme yán'géde, tèbié shi xiàndài shèhui, zirán kěxué hé shèhui kěxué jiu fěnde bú nàme qīngchu le.

• A: Zhèi w3 tóngyì. Zài fěn lèide wèntíshang, w8men yòu hěn duǒ shuǒfl hé nimen bú tài yíyàng.

• B: Òu, chě l£i le, v3 yào shàng chě le. Yīhòu yīu Jlhui zài tan.

• A: Hiode, xiàci w8men yòng Ylng-

vén tán.

• B: Hào, xièxie ni, zàijiàn.

A:   Zàijiàn.

’’Kějì”? Is that science and technology?

Right. We use a lot of abbreviations, pardon me!

No problem. But there's still something I don't understand.

What?

You often say that science has tvo divisions. One is social science and the other is natural science.

So does science and technology refer only to the natural sciences?

This Cdistinction! isn't so strict. Especially in modern society, the natural sciences and the social sciences aren't so clearly separated.

I agree vith that. On questions of categorization, ve have a lot of ideas that are different from yours.

Oh, here comes the train. I have to get on it. In the future we'll talk some more if ve get the chance.

All right. Next time we'll talk in English.

Okay, thank you. Good-bye.

Good-bye.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3

On the campus of Běijlng Language Institute, and American student (B) is sitting under a tree reading a book. A young teacher (A) from the Chinese department walks over to chat.

• A: Zài niàn shénme ne?                  What are you reading?

• B: Ò, Lin Lěoshl, nín hlo! W3 zài Oh, Miss LÍn (Teacher Lin), how are

kàn Lú Xùn Xiěnshengde xiloshuò. you! I'm reading some fiction by (Mr.) Lǔ Xùn.

B:   "Yào." W3 hén xihuan Lú Xùn

Xiànshengde xiáoshuō.

A: Wé xiáng, zài Méiguóde shihou, Zhōngguó lìshī, Zhōngguí wénxué, nl dàgài niànde bù shlo.

B: Xue Zhōngwén, bìxū shSuxiSn xué yidiXnr lìshī hé wénxué, dōng yidiXnr Zhōngguō wénhuà, yàobu-rán xué Zhōngwén yídìng yōu hén dàde kùnnan. Zhōngguō liúxué-shéng yé shi zhèiyang zud ma?

A: Wōmende xuéxí tiéojiàn hái shi bú cuòde, késhi liúxuéshěng chù guō yīqián déi duì nèige guōjiSde wénhuà zud bìyàode liéojié. Zài zhèifíngmiàn, wSmen zudde hái hén bú gdu.

B: Wō tīngshuō Zhōngguō liúxué-shěngde niánling, dōu bú tài xilo le, duōbànr shi Wénhuà Dà Gémìng yīqián bìyède.

• A: Shi. Wénhuà Dà Gémìng yīqiánde dàxué bìyèshěng púbiànde zhìliàng bījiào gǎo. hé WénGé yīhdude dàxuéshing chfibié bù xiáo.

• B: Nàme shùliàng ne?

• A: Shùliàng yé bù shio.

• B: Nàme zhèixiě bìyèshéng shi bu shi dōu dinrèn bījiào zhōngyàode gōngzuō ne?

A: Bù dōu yíyàng. Mùqián, Wénhuà Dà Gémìng yīqiánde dàxué bìyè-shěng yōu hén duō dinrèn bījiào zhdng yàode gōngzuō. Bīfang shuō wōmen Xuéyuàn ba, gōngzuáde bī-jilo hiode yé duōbànr shi nèige shíhourde dàxuéshěng. Dlngrán, hái yōu gèng láode.

"Medicine.” I like Lú Xùn's fiction very much.

I guess you've probably read quite a lot of Chinese history and literature in America.

To study the Chinese language, you have to first study a little history and literature, and understand a little Chinese culture, otherwise you're sure to have a hard time studying the language. Do Chinese who go abroad to study do the same thing?

Our conditions for study are fairly good, but before a student goes abroad, he ought to acquire the requisite understanding of the country [he is going tol. In this area, we have as yet done far from enough-

I understand that the Chinese students going abroad aren't very young; most of them graduated [from coliegel before the Cultural Revolution.

Yes. In general the quality of college graduates from before the Cultural Revolution is higher. They're quite different from the post-Cul-tural Revolution college students.

How about in terms of numbers?

Their numbers are quite large, too.

So do these graduates all take on rather important jobs?

They're not all the same. At present, there are many pre-Cultural Revolution college graduates who have taken on rather important jobs. For example, in our Institute, those who do their work comparatively well are mostly college students from that time. Of course there are older ones as well.

B: Wō bin xīhuan wōmende líosbī, y? bin xīhuan Yúyán Xuéyuàn, wō zhī shi xīvàng yōu bījilo duōde Jīhui hé Zhōngguó xuésheng, làoshī duō tintan.

• A: Hào, hlo, yōu shiJiàn wǒmen duō tántan. Nī kàn shǔ ba. Yìhuīr Jiàn.

I like our teachers very much, and the Institute, too. I just wish we would have more opportunities to talk with the Chinese students and teachers.

All right, we’ll talk more when we get the time. You go on reading. See you in a while.

• B: Lin Lǎoshī yìhuīr Jiàn.

See you in a while, Miss LÍn.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise u

An American graduate student (A) walks up the stairs in front of the Biijīng University library. A Chinese graduate student (B), whose arms are full of books, is trying to open the door with his foot.

• A: Wō lái, wō lái! Déngyidéng, wō lái bang ni kāi men.

• B: Xièxie ni.

• A: Zhè dǒu shi nī Jiède shǔ a?

• B: Shi a! Yōngle liāngge xīngqīde

gōngfu, hào rōngyi cái kànwán le.

A: Bú cud, liāngge xīngqī kàn zhème duō Yīngwén cǎnkāoshǔ, sùdu bú màn na!

(They enter the door and "B" goes a table. A few minutes later, ”B^W com

I’ll get it, I’ll get it. Wait a second, I’ll open the door for'you.

Thank you.

These are all books you borrowed?

Yeah! It took me long enough to finish reading them—two weeks!

Not bad! To read all these English reference books in two weeks, that's a pretty good speed!

to return his books. "A" sits down at is over to her.)

• A: Xiǔxi Jīfēn zhǒng zài Jìnqu kàn

shu, hāo bu hāo a?

• B: Hāo. Nèitiān, xìli yánjiǔshěng kāi huì, dàjii dōu rènwéi nī tán-de hān hlo, yS dōu Juéde nīde ZhŌngwén bī gang lái Béidàde shihou hiode duō le.

A: Késhi wō háishi Juéde xuéxí sùdu tài màn, wǒmen dōu xīwàng néng Jiākuài sùdu, tígào shuǒ huàde shuīpíng.

Why don't you rest a few minutes before you go in to study, okay?

Okay. The other day when the graduate students in the department held a meeting, everyone thought that what you said was very good, and we all felt that your Chinese is much better now than when you first came to B.U.

But I still feel that our pace of study is tóo slow. We all wish we could speed up the pace to improve our speaking.

B: Nèitiín nl tíchulaide guXnyú yào liXoJié Zhōngguō ehèhuìde wèntí, xuéxiào fangmian yídìng huì kXo-lude. KSshi,wō xiXng, nīmen shuǒ Zhōngwénde Jīhui bù shXo a! Yōu Zhōngguō 1ioshi, yōu Zhōngguō tōngxué, érqiē nīmende Zhōngwén dōu bú cud le, nīmen wàiguo xuésheng zìjī y? kéyi shuǒ Zhōngwén ma!

A: Wōmen zìjī zài yìqī shuǒ Yīngwén shi hēn zìránde. Érqié, xué-xiàoli dōu shi xuésheng hé iXo-shī. Wōmen hēn xīvàng hé shè-huìshangde pútōng rén tányitán.

B: Wōmen zhèixiē xuésheng duōbànr yē dōu shi cōng pǔtōngde Jiǎtíngli láide ma. Tèbié shi Jīngguō Wénhuà Dà Gémìng yīhòude dàxué-shēng duōbànr dōu zài shèhuì-3hang gōngzuōguo hēn duō niXn, bījiào liXojiē shèhuìde qíngkuàng.

A: Ò, zhè hái shi yōu qùbiéde. Shèhuìde qíngkuàng gēn dàxuélīde qíngkuàng hēn bù yíyàng. Wōmen lái Zhōngguō niàn shǔde wàiguō liúxuéshēng, yánjiǔshēng, dōu hēn xiing duō liXojiX Zhōngguode qíngxing, tèbié shi xiXng liXo-Jiē nīmen shíxiàn SÌge Xiàndài-huàde qíngkuàng.

B: Dāngrán, dangrán. ZhèiyidiXn wōmen shi qīngchude. Wōmen xiXng tài duōde shèhuì huōdōng dàgài huì làngfèi nīmen bù shaode shí-Jiān.

A: Ò! Méiyou wèntí, zài Mēiguōde dàxuéli, wōmen bú jiù shi zài xuéxiào hé túshǔguXnli niàn shǔ, shèhuì shēnghuō shi wōmen zuì zhōngyàode jiàokěshǔ, yē shi zuì hXode iXoshì.

B: HXode, hXode, wō yídìng he xì-li tinyitan, duō gēi nīmen ǎnpai yidiXnr cānguān fXngwènde huōdōng.

I’m sure the school will consider the question you brought up about wanting to learn about Chinese society. But it seems to me you have plenty of chances to speak Chinese! There are the Chinese teachers, and your Chinese classmates. Besides, you all speak Chinese very well now. You foreign students can speak Chinese among yourselves!

It's natural for us to speak English together. Besides, in school it's all students and teachers. We want very much to converse with ordinary people in society.

Most of us students are from ordinary families, you know. In particular, most college students after the Cultural Revolution have worked in society many years and understand the social situation pretty well.

Oh, there's still-a difference. Society is quite different from the situation in the university. All of us foreign college and graduate students who come to China to study want to understand the situation here, and especially how the accomplishment of the Four Modernizations is progressing.

Of course, of course. We understand that. But we think that too many social activities would probably waste a lot of your time.

Oh, that's no problem. In American universities, we don't just study in school and in the library. Social life is our most important textbook and our best teacher.

All right, I'll be sure to talk with the department, and set up more visiting activities for you people.

Uniit 3, Reference List

• 1. A: Tiaen S&L *hèige gǒngshè Jiào shame? Dlnzishang yǒu aliyon xilzheT

What do they call this commune? Is

B: Xièzhe ne, Jiào "Sì.lìqīng.**

Yes, It's called SÌJÌqlng.

• 2. A: Zhèige gǒngshè shíwùge dàduì-de chānliàng. dǒu zhème gāo ma?

Is the output this high In all fifteen brigades of this commune?

B: ChàbuduS, zài shǎndìde lilngge dìduì, chānliàng shio yidilnr.

Almost. The two brigades in the mountains have somewhat lover outputs.

• 3. A: Bíijlng jiāoqū shSngchin yì-zhǒng yǒu míngde dàozi. Jiào shénme?

B: Jiio JlnreTdio. Béijīngde Jing, dSng-xì-nán-bèide de xī.

There's a famous kind of rice produced in the suburbs of Beijing-What's It called?

It's called Jīngxldào. Jīn£ aa in BEijlng. xf as in dǒng-xl-nín-béi.

U. A:

yígǒng y3u Jlge píng-

Hov many flatland regions are there in the whole country?

• B: Mlàn.11 bījiío dàde yǒu sìge, dǒu shi shéngchln liángshide zhùyào dìqū.

There are four which are relatively large; all of them are major grain-producing regions.

• 5. A: Nèige shéngchln shǔcàide dàduì zhì yǒu liùshi~hù!

B: Shi a, èrbliduǒkǒu rén mli-nián mid géi guǒjiā bù shlo-de cli na!

The brigade that produces vegetables has only sixty households !

Yes, for two hundred people, they sell a lot of vegetables to the state every year!

• 6. A: Xiànzii, gio JlngJi Jlànshè hái shi Zhǒngguǒ remain zuì zhǒngyàode gǒngzud a!

Today, engaging in economic construction is still the most important work of the Chinese people!

B: Shi, suirán zhèixiS nián fǎzhán sùdu hén kuài, késhi JlngJi hái shi wǒmende gǒngzud zhǒngdián.

Yes, although the pace of development has been very fast the past few years, the economy is still the main focus of our work.

• 7. A: He! Nīmende càidl shōude bù shlo a!

B: Jiù ahi ma, mèimù dì dōu shōu yíwinduō Jin na!

• 8. A: Zhèige gōngshè Jīxièhuà yīhòu, mǔch&n tígāole duō-shāo?

B: Tígāole yíbàn duō yidiān, chàbuduō bāifēnzhī wùshiyī.

• 9. A: Nī Jiù cānguānle "Sìjīqīng?" Biéde Jīge xiānj in gōngshè ne? Shénme shihou qù ya?

B: Guò Jitiān Jiù qù, péi JĪ-wèi nōngyè zhuānj iā yìqī qù.

• 10. A: Zhèige dìqūde nōngyè shēng-chān yōu shénme tèdiān ma?

B: WŌmen shizhe zǔzhile Jīge . zhuānyèhuàde gōngshè, tāmen-de shēngchān bījiāo yōu tèdiān.

• 11. A: Nimen gōngshè yōu zhème duō dà tuōlājI!

B: Ng, píngjūn mèige dàduì èrshitai~wōmen hái xiāng duō mXi jītāi ne!

• 12. A: CŌng túpiànshang kàn, nimen gōngzuōde hāo xīnkù.

B: Méiyou shenme xīnkù, jiù shi zùi xuéxiào hōubianr zhong diānr cài.

13• zhuānyè

1U. Jīqì (jīqi)

Wow! You’ve harvested quite a lot from your vegetable plots!

Sure, we harvested over ten thousand catties from each mu of - land!

Since this conmune was mechanized, how much has the yield per mu been increased?

It was raised a little more than half, about fifty one percent.

You’ve only visited SÌJÌqīng? How about the other advanced communes? When are you going to them?

We'll be going in a few days. We're going with several specialists in agriculture.

Is there anything distinctive about the agricultural production of this region?

We have organized a few specialized communes on a trial basis. Their production set-up is rather distinctive.

Your commune has so many large tractors!

Yes, every brigade has twenty on the average, and we want to buy a few more!

From the picture it looks like you’re working very hard.

Not so hard. We’re just planting some vegetables behind the school.

special line/field/discipline machine

to be advanced

to be hard work; to be toilsome, to be arduous; to work hard, to go through hardships, to go to great trouble

to plant specialist, expert special line/field/discipline to specialize; specialization to organize, to form

Unit 3, Reference Notes

Notes on No. 1

guin...jilo...: Guin A jiao B means "to call AB.”

Gulngdǒng rén guin qípáo jiio Cantonese call qipaos (a kind of "chángshln."                        dress) "chángshin.

gǒngshè: "commune" This is short for remain gǒngshè, "people's comune" (the word remain is taught in exchange 6). Gǒng means "public." and shè is an "organized body."

People's communes, of which there are now over 52,000 in China, are the administrative units of the countryside. There are three levels of commune organization: the production team, with from eleven to over one hundred households; the production brigade, with from twenty to over one thousand households; and the commune itself, with from six to seventeen brigades or from fifty-six to 275 teams. A typical commune might have a population of 22,500 people, broken down into fifteen production brigades of three hundred families each, and each brigade would in turn be composed of ten production teams of thirty families. (Of course, no actual commune would be divided up so evenly.) A typical county might be made up of thirteen communes of this size.

The people's communes were formed after a long series of changes in the organization of the countryside, beginning with the Land Reform Movement of 1950. This movement distributed the land to the peasants; the next step was to begin the coordination of their efforts in production. They did this in 1951 by forming mutual aid teams, also called work exchange teams. The peasants still owned their own land, plows, and livestock, but they pooled their manpower, tools, and other resources to get the work done.

In 1953* elementary agricultural cooperatives were organized by merging several mutual aid teams. The land, tools, and livestock became the property of the cooperative, but the profits from the land were distributed, not retained by the eooKune for investment. In 1956, when advanced agricultural cooperatives were established, the distribution of profits was abolished.

In 1958, the last step to communize China was taken. The people's communes were formed by the merging of several advanced agricultural cooperatives. What was formerly an advanced agricultural cooperative became, a production brigade. The original plan for communization had called for completion in 1967. Since no major problems were encountered, the plan was completed nine years ahead of tine.

Today, commune members still live in individual houses. All the land, buildings_v shops, clinics, large machinery, electrical power stations, factories, and so on, belong to the commune. However, the planning of the production and the payment of the members, which depends on the amount of production, is done on the production team level. All the teams have their own livestock, but they take turns borrowing large machines such as planters or tractors from the commune. Production teams often specialize in one type of activity, such as crop raising, machinery repair, or animal husbandry. Production brigades handle tasks which are beyond the capacity of a team, such as irrigation or the purchasing of a tractor. Truly large projects like road construction or the establishment of a large, well-equipped hospital, must be taken on by the commune.

yōu méiyou xj?zhe: -Zhe is the marker of duration. Together with a

Thus, xiézhe, in exchange 1, means literally "in the state of having been written."

To make a verb plus -zhe negative, use méi(you) (not bù):

Men méi kǎizhe.                     The door is not open.

Mén méi guānzhe.                   The door is not closed.

Dānzishang méi xiézhe.              It isn't written on the list.

To make a question, use one of the following patterns:

Mén kǎizhe ma?

M&x y8u méiyou kǎizhe?             Is the door open?

Mén kǎizhe meiyou?

He is often added onto the end of a sentence with -zhe:

Mén kǎizhe ne ma?                   Is the door open?

Kǎizhe ne.                          Yes, it's open.

Many speakers of standard Chinese do not use this -zhe; they would replace it hy phrasing such as Mén kāile and Dǎnzishang yōu méiyou xiè (or xíī le méiyou). These sentences are also perfectly good Chinese.

Sìjìqìng: A ccasune in rural Biijīng. Literally, the name means "four-seasons-green," in other words, "green all year round."

Half the population of the municipality of BèiJIng lives in rural areas, in 272 people’s communes. The principal crops are wheat, rice, and vegetables, including cabbage, eggplants, cucumbers, and tomatoes. There are also orchards producing apples, pears, peaches, and persimmons. About half the vegetables grown in Biijlng's communes supply the city's needs completely and half are shipped elsewhere.

Notes on No. 2

dàduì: "(production) brigade," short for shēngchān dàduì.

chànllàng: "output, yield," literally, "production-amount."

shāndì: "mountainous region; hilly area; hilly country," literally, "mountain-land."

Airbā'níyà shi shǎndì guójiā. Albania is a mountainous country.

Zài shin                            Output is somewhat lower in

mountainous regions.

Nèige dìfang shi shin , kāi chè That's hilly country; it isn’t bú tài fāngblan.                    easy to drive there.

Notes on No. 3

The bound form Jiao means "suburbs," as in

ID

in BEU Ing xlJiio. "the western suburbs of BōiJIng," yuSnjiào. "the outer suburbs." and .Ixnjiāo, "the close suburbs." (Qū, "area, district," will be introduced separately in Unit 5 of this module?)

BliJIng jiioqū yígōng yōu          Altogether, there are 272

èrbáiqīshièrge gōngshè.            communes in the suburbs of

Bōijlng.

Sìjìqfng gongshè zài Bíijfngde The commune SÌjiqíng is in the jin jiǎoqǔ.                         close suburbs of Bōijīng.

dàozi: "rice" in the paddy or after harvesting but before huiijng. (After hulling, it is called ml, and when cooked it is called fàn.)

Jíngxīdào: "Capital-West Rice," a variety famous for its good taste.

Bōijingde jīng: "jīng as in BèlJíng" In conversation, you identify a word or character by giving a common phrase in which it is used. The pattern for doing this is

Phrase         -de Word

e.g., yí èr sin si -de si "’four’ as in ’one two three four’"

This pattern can be especially useful when you tell someone your Chinese name. If you were called Chen Dingwén. (        ), for example, you could

identify the characters of your first name by saying Yídìngde ding, wénxuéde win, "Ding as in yídìng (’certainly’), and wen as in wénxue ('literature *)."

dōng-xí-nán-bōi: While in English we usually name the directions of the compass in the order "north, south, east, west," in Chinese they are usually named in the order

dōng xí nin bíi          or        dōng nan xí b?i

east west south north                   east south west north

Notes on No. U

Béijíng Ylo-líng-yào ZhSngxuéde The educational quality of Bèijīng's Jiàoyu shiliàng quínguí dìyí. Ho* 101 Middle School is first in the country.

ndìn.11; "(surface) area" (For the píngf£ngg#nglí, "square kilometer.")

China*s area is 9*6 million square kilometers.

mlIn.11 bijiào dàde ySu aìge: This is a useful structure with y8u:

llíngahi; "grain, cereals," but in Chinese terminology this can also include other staples like beans and sweet potatoes.

Hotel on Bo«- 5

hù(r)t "household, family" The original meaning of this word, was "door." BDaw it haa become the counter for households. Besides its use in exchange 5, -hù can also be followed by the noun rénjiǎ, "people-home," that is, "family":

mài gōi guojiǎ: "sell to the state" Every year, a production team must give a certain percentage (usually from five to seven percent) of ita produce and caah income in taxes to the state. In addition, they must sell a quota of grain to the state, the quantity being established according to the population of the team, and the area and productivity of the land. If th* team is left with additional grain after fulfilling their quota, they decide for themselves how much of it they will sell for cash to the state at a higher price and how much will be put into the team's grain reserves. The state sets quotas for grains; fruit and vegetable supply and demand are coordinated by local government authorities.

Notes on No. 6

.1 iènshè: "to construct, to build up; construction" This is mostly used in a special sense: to construct or build up a country. The Jargon "socialist construction," "the construction of China," or "China reconstructs" conveys an attitude toward the "mission” facing the country: to build China from the ruins left by a semi-feudal, semi-colonial society into a socialist power and to create the conditions for the transition to Connunism. "Socialist construction" includes the reform of the superstructure as well as the development of the national economy.

fǎzhln: "to develop, to grow" In the Society module, you learned the adjectival verb fǎdá. "to be developed." Now you see the action verb for "to develop."

7. A: He! Nlmende càidì shSude bù Wow! You’ve harvested quite a lot ■hlo a!                          from your vegetable plots!

B: Jiù shi But, mlimìí dì d3u shǒu Sure, we harvested over ten thousand yíwànduB JIn na!                catties from each mu of land!

Notes on No. 7 càidì: "vegetable plots" or "vegetable fields" (large or small). sh3u; "to harvest"

Lio Wǎngde càidì mliniǎn shSude Lio Wing harvests a lot of fǎnqié dǒu hln duo.                tomatoes from his vegetable

plots every year.

Shǒubudào liǎngshi, zlnme chi If we can't harvest any grain, fan ne?                             how will we eat? (rhetorical

question said by farmers when working in the fields)

Notes on No. 8

,1 Ixièhuà: "to mechanize; mechanization" Jīxiè means "machinery," "mechanics," or "mechanical." -Huà is the syllable which corresponds to "-ize" (make into), which you learned in the previous unit in xiàndàihuà. "to modernize."

Nōngyè Jīxièhuà xiànzài shi        Agricultural mechanization is now

nōngcūnde zhòngdiàn gōngzuō. the key task in rural' areas.

Nimen dàduìde Jīxièhuà shuīpíng The level of mechanization in your xiāngding gǎo a.'                    brigade is quite high!

yíbàn duō yidiàn: "a little more than half" CThe opposite, " a little less than half, could be said as ehàyidiànr yíbàn. yíbàn ship yidiānr. or yíbàn bú dào yidilnr.J

bSlfēnzhí wúshiyī: "fifty-one percent"- Chinese does not have a separate word for "percent," expressing percentages with the same pattern used for all fractions. First, therefore, you should learn how to express fractions. In Chinese, the tvo parts of a fraction are stated in the reverse order from English, with the word -zhī in between. (-Zhī is a literary word with the same use as -de: possessive or modification marker.)

sinf.ēn zhí èr

(3 parts *8    2) "tvo parts out of three,"

i.e., "tvo thirds"

Here are a few more examples:

èrfēnzhl yī* -y- slnfěnzhī yī sìfēnzhl yī èrshifēnzhī yī

sìfēnzhl vtt       bāfēnzhī wù        shíjiúfēnzhī shíqī

Percentages (hundredths) are expressed like this:

bàifēn      zhī wúshiyī

(100 parts ’s 51) "fifty-one parts out of one hundred," i.e., "fifty-one one hundredths" or "fifty-one percent"

Normally, of course, you would say yíbàn.

lb

"One hundred percent," therefore, is bāifēnzhl bāi:

Tā shi bāifénzhì biide Méiguo rén.

Notes on No. 9

biéde           "the other few" Compare:

Nl jiù cānguān gǒngshè ma?         You're only visiting communes?

Bù cānguān biéde shenme dìfang? You're not going to visit any other kinds of places?

xiānjìn: "advanced" This is used to describe people, work units, or methods of a high level, worthy of emulation. Individuals may be designated as advanced workers (xiānjìn gōngzuòzhé) by their unit leaders or elected by their fellow workers, and units such as factories and communes may be designated as advanced by government authorities. To qualify as advanced, a unit must have carried out all political movements successfully, successfully put into effect each policy directive, and completely met the quota for its product under the national plan.

guò jitiān: "in a few days" (literally, "pass a few days")

Please call back in a while. (In this case, guò yihuìr means dén. yihuìr.)

In another few weeks, they are going to harvest the rice.

Mother and father arrived first. Then after a while, younger brother and sister came too.

zhuānj_iā: "specialist, expert" The ending -jlā enters into many words describing people. It has a slightly different meaning from -zhé, which you learned in unit. 1. -Zhe is only added to verbs; -jiā can be added to nouns as well as verbs. -Zhé means simply "a person who...," but -jia is used for professionals or specialists in some activity. Thus, zuòjiā is "professional writer, author," but zuòzhS is just "writer" (not specifying whether writing is the person's career).

The ending -jiǎ is added to subjects of study, as in zhèngzhixuéjiā,

"political scientist," and JlngJixuéjiǎ, "economist." In the PRC, sone words with the endin< -.1iǎ carry elitist overtones and are sometimes replaced by other terms.    _

Notes on No. 10

yōu shénme tèdiǎn ma?: "does...have any distinctive points?" is here translated more idiomatically as "is there anything distinctive about...?"

shìzhe zōzhile...: "trying-ly organized..." i.e., "organized on a trial basis”

Do not overuse shìzhe; there are other more common ways to express English "try." Sometimes the idea of trying is implicit in the verb itself, as in

Zhèipiǎn wénzhǎng wō kànle,        I tried to read this article,

kànbuxiàqù.                         but I couldn't.

Wō gǎile, tǎ bú yǎo.                I tried to give it to him, but

he didn't want it (wouldn't take it).

Sometimes, "try" can be expressed by reduplicating the verb:

zùzhi: "to organize; organization

zhuānyèhuà; "specialized; specialization"

Notes on Ko. 11

tuōlājl: "tractor" This word may be a sound borrowing from the English word "tractor," but it also makes good sense in Chinese, since the parts mean literally, "drag-pull-machine."

píngjūn; "average" This can be used as an adjective, an adverb, or a verb:

Zhōngguō gōngrénde píngjūn         The average salary of Chinese

shōurù bù duō.                      workers is not much.

Píngjūn yíge rén shi.re Jiāozi How could an average of ten jiāozi zènme gòu.'                          (dumplings) per person be enough!

Píngjūnqilai wSmen mèige rén When you average it out, each of ygu. shíkuāi qián.                  us has ten dollars.

-tái: Literally, ’’platform” (as you learned in zhàntái, "station platform"), this 1* the counter for machines. (The word for "machine," jIqì. is number 1U on this reference list.)

mèige dèduì èrshitái: "twenty for each brigade" No verb is necessary here. Compare:

Yíge rén yíkuài.                   One piece (e.g., of cake) per person.

mèige xTngqí yícì                  once every week

WSmen xuéxiìo píngjǔn wùge         In our school, there is one teacher

xuésheng yíge lāoshī.              for every five students on the

average.

hái xièng dug mH Jitái: "still want to buy a few more" English "more" sometimes contains' the meaning of "still, additionally" (hái), so the word "still” is not absolutely necessary in the English translation for US. Look at other examples of the common pattern hái... dug...;

Notes on No. 12

túpiàn: "picture, photograph" This is usually used for photographs, as in tupiàn zhfaHn. "photo exhibition" (but some people use it for any kind of illustration).

xlnkù: "to be arduous, tiring, hard" (literally, "pungent-bitter")

Tā báitiān zuò shi, wínshang It's too tiring for her, working niàn shù, tài xínkÙ le.            during the daytime and studying

at night.

NI zhème xlnkù yìo lèibìngde. You're going to get sick from fatigue by working so hard.

zhèng: "to plant" or "to grow" things:

special line/field/discipline (See Notes on No. 10)

14. Jíqì (Jlqi) (yltái)                machine

While walking along WángfBjìng Boulevard in Béijīng, Ms. Olsen (A), an agricultural specialist iron the United States, and Chén Guōqiéng (B), from the China Travel Service, stop to look at the photos and articles displayed in the building of the Peopled Daily. They are looking at an article about a model connsune, SÌJÌqlng.

• A: Zhèige dìfang shì bu shi wōmen yào qù cánguānde?

• B: Shì. Guò liǎngtiān wōmen jiù qù.

A: Wō kàn, zhèige rénmín gōngshè hǎoxiàng yōu yìdiǎnr tèbié ma, tā-mende shěngchǎn zhùyào shi shūcài hé shulguō.

B: Nl shuōde yìdiǎnr yé bú cuò, zhèi Jiù shi yōu míngde SÌJÌqlng Rénmín Gōngshè.

A: "SÌJÌqlng"?

B:   Duì le, "yìnián sìjì"de "sìjì,"

"qlng shin là shuì"de "qlng". Nín zài Béijìng Fàndiàn chide cài dàbùfen dōu shi tamen shēngchǎnde.

Is this one of the places we're going to visit?

Yes. We'll be going in a couple of days.

It looks to me as if this people's commune is rather special. Their production is mainly vegetables and fruits.

You're absolutely right. This is the famous SÌJÌqlng People's Cossnune.

"SÌJÌqlng?"

Yes. "SÌJÌ" C"Four Seasons"! as in "yinián sìjì" C"throughout the four seasons of the year," and "qlng" C"green"! as in "qlng shān là shul" C"green hills and green water"!. Most of the food you eat at the Béi-Jīng Hotel is produced by them.

• A: Ou!

• B: Tǎmen gōngshè yōu sìwànduō m3 t3dì, dàbùfen dōu shi càidì.

• A: Càidìde miànji zhàn báifēnzhī

duoshlo? Zhèr yōu méiyou xiézhe?

• B: Zhèr xiǎzhe ne. Càidì zhàn liǎngwàn liǎngqiǎn m3, yíbànr duō yidiǎnr.

• A: Name, hái yōu yíwàn bāqiān m3 ne? Zhòngde dōu shi shénme?

• B: Tǎmen shuǒ yòng yíwàn mǔ dì zhòng liángshi.

Oh!

Their commune has over four hundred mu of land. Most of it is vegetable plots.

What percentage do the vegetable plots take up? Is it written here?

Yes, it is. The vegetable plots take up 22,000 mu, a little more than half.

And what about the other 18,000 mu? What do they grow there?

They say they use 10,000 mu to plant grain.

• A: fig. ZhiJyào shěngchin shénme Hings hi?

• B: Dàozi, yōu míngde Jīngxìdào! Bin lii zhèr yìhòu, tiíntiin chí!

A: Aha! Yuánlái ’’Jīngxìdào’* shi Sì-Jìqīng shēngchinde. Tīngshuō chín-liàng hān gio ou! Muchin yōu yì-qiinduō Jin ba?

• B: Yōu, milch in zing zài yìqiin yì-

qiin yìbii Jin zuōyōu.

• A: Ng, zhēnde bú cuò. Nà lìngwài

biqiin mil dōu shi shuīguō?

• B: Shi. Tāmen gōngshède shuīguō chinliàng yā hān gio.

• A: Wō hii yōu yíge wèntí, quin gongshè yōu duōshio rénkōu, yōu duōshio liodònglì?

• B: Yōu yíwàn ling bffbliduō hù, sì-

wàn sinqiinduō kōu rén, liingwàn liingqiinduō liodònglì, píngjǔn māige liodònglì dāi guīn liingmìl dì na!

• A: Yíge ren gain liingmìl dì hān xīnkù ma?

• B: Zhǒng cài, shōu cài, xiànzài hii

mil bànfa kào Jíqì, quin dāi kào shōu, zānme bù xlnkil ne?

A: Ml kàn, túpiànshang yōu bù shio tuōlijī, timende Jīxièhuà shuīpíng xiingding gio ma.

B: Zhèige gōngshè xiingding xiinjìn, yōu yìbii bishi liàng qìchē, dà xilo tuōlijī sinbii qīshiduō til, kāshi zhèixiē qìchě zhúyàode gong-zuò shi bi cài sèng dao chéngli qu.

• A: Ng, wō dōng le, vS Juéde zhèige gōngshè hān yōu tèdiǎn, nī zài duō tintan, hāo bu hāo?

What grain do they niy produce?

Rice, the famous Capital-West rice. You’ve been eating it every day since you came here.

Ah! So Sìjìqīng produces Capital-West rice. I hear that the yield is very high! The per-mu yield is over one thousand catties, isn’t it?

Yes. The per-mu yield is always approximately 1,100 catties.

Mm, that's really quite good. So then are the remaining 8,000 mu all fruits?

Yes. Their commune has a very high fruit yield, too.

I have one more question. What's the population of the whole coonsune, and how many laborers are there?

There are 10,800 households, over U3,000 people, and over 22,000 laborers. On the average, every laborer has to take care of two mu of land!

Is it very hard work for one person to take care of two mu?

At present they still don't have the means to adopt machines. Planting and harvesting have to be done entirely by hand. It's hard work all right.

But look, in these pictures there are lots of tractors. Their level of mechanization is pretty high!

This commune is quite advanced. They have 180 automobiles, and over 370 tractors. But the main Job of these vehicles is to take the vegetables into the city.

Mm, I see. This seems to be a very distinctive commune. Could you tell me more about it?

• B: Hlo a! Zhèige gōngshède mēige shēngchàn dàduì dǒu yǒu zìjīde shēngchàn shǒngdiàn—shēngchàn dàduì nl dǒng bu dǒng?

A: Wǒ zhidao shēngchàn dàduì, shēng-chànduì, shenmede.

B: Nà hào, vǒmen guàn tàmen zhèi-zhǒng zúzhi shēngchànde bànfà Jiào zhuānyèhuà shēngchMn.

A: À! Mēige shēngchàn dàduì dǒu yǒu zìjīde zhuinyè. Hàojíle. Zhèi duì fāzhàn shēngchàn yídìng yǒu hēn dàde hàochu.

B:   Shi ma! Shēngchàn fāzhànle, rēn-

mínde shēnghuǒ shulpíng cái néng tígào aa!

A:   Nàme, zhèizhSng zhuānyèhuà shēng

chàn zài quánguǒ shi bu shi hēn pffbiàn ne?

B: Bú shi, quánguǒ dàbùfen gongshè zhúyào háishi shēngchàn liángshi, zài dà chéngshide Jin Jiāoqū cái yǒu xiàng Sìjìqìng zhèiyangrde gǒngshè.

A: Yǒu Jíhui, vǒ hái xiàng qù cān-guàn yiliàngge pùtōngde gǒngshè. Hái yǒu píngyuán hi shāndide nǒng-yè shēngchàn qíngkuàng dàgài yē yǒu hēn duo bù tǒng, rúguǒ yǒu Jl-hui, vǒ hēn xiàng qù liàojiē yíxià tǎmende qǔbié.

B: Hàode. ZuìJin Jīnián Zhǒngguǒ nóngyè Jiànshè fizhànde hēn kuàl. Nín shi zhuànjii, nínde yìjian duì vǒoende gǑngzud yídìng yǒu hēn dàde bāngzhu, vǒ yídìng duǒ gēi nín an-pai Jlge dìfang.

A: Bú bì kèqi, nín ānpaihàole, qīng zào yidiànr gàosu vo.

Every production brigade of the commune has its ovn production priority-do you understand "production brigade?"

I knov about productions brigades, production teams, and so forth.

Okay, veil ve call this method of organizing production of theirs specialized production.

Ah! Each production brigade has its ovn specialty. Great. This must be of great help in expanding production.

Sure! The people's standard of living can only be raised vhen produetion expands.

So is this kind of specialized production very conuon throughout the whole country?

No, most of the communes in the coúntry still mainly produce grain. It's only in the close suburbs of big cities that one finds conmunes like Sìjìqìng.

If I get the chance, I'd also like to visit one or tvo ordinary communes. Also, farming production is probably very different on the plains from that in mountainous regions. If it's possible, I'd like very much to go look into the differences.

All right. In the past few years, China's agricultural construction has been moving rapidly ahead. As an expert, your opinions can help us a great deal in our vork. I'll be sure to arrange a few more visits for you.

You needn't be polite. Please let me knov soon after you've made the arrangements.

Exercise 1

This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.

All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.

Exercise 2

In this exercise, an American is looking over the selection in front of a vegetable stall in Dōngdān market in Beijing and strikes up a conversation with the salesperson.

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. Where are green peppers grown?

• 2. What is the main product of most people’s conmunes?

• 3. How does the salesperson explain the components of the word SÌJÌoIngt

• U. How much of SÌJÌqlng's total area is planted to vegetables?

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.

Note: The translations used in these dialogues are meant to indicate the English functional equivalents for the Chinese sentences rather than the literal meaning of the Chinese.

Exercise 3

In this conversation, an American who is examining several varieties of rice in the Biijīng Agricultural Exhibition Center talks with a worker.

Listen to the conversation once straight t-H-mugh. Then* on the second time through, look below and answer the questions.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:

plnzhíng Qi ānjIndio míngcí Ching Jiing Jiíngnin

nóngyèqǔ in ping Suing Hi Questions for ExTcise 3

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. What is the chief characteristic of Capital-West Rice?

  variety

  Thousand-Catty Rice

  term* expression

  the Yangtze River

  the area south of the lower reaches

  of the Ching Jiang (Yangtze River)

  farming region

  shore, bank, coast

  to be flat* to be level

  the Yellow River

  
  

• 2. How are conditions in the Jiǎngnin region suitable for the devel-opnexxt of agriculture?

• 3. Hov does the yield of Thousand-Catty Rice compare with the average yield for grains?

• U. Describe the production brigade in Shǎnxī that the American heard about.

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.

Exercise U

This conversation takes place during a visit by an American farm owner to the apple orchard of NánkSu Farm in Biijīng.

Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions.

You will need the following new words and phrases:

Questions for Exercise U

• 1. What is the first question the American asks the worker?

• 2. Who runs Ninkíu Farm?

• 3. What are the differences between peasants and agricultural workers?

1». How haw the income of peasants changed? What is the major cause of the change?

J. What is the American's comment about the success of China's efforts to modernize agriculture?

6. (Extra) Pretend that you are going to visit a farm around Blijīng. _a Hat of questions you would like to ask the workers.

After you hare answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation. You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you pronounce your answers correctly.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2

Thia dialogue takes place in front of a vegetable stall in Dōngdān market in BUjIng. An American customer (A) is looking over the selection.

B: Bìfang shuǒ SÌJÌqlng zhèige gong- For instance, the commune SÌJÌqlng. shè.

A: "SÌJÌqlng” shi shénme yìsi?

B: Ng, "yī èr sān sì"de "si," "chūn-Jì, qiūjì"de "Jì," "qlng" Jiù shi "īa"de yìsi.

Si C"four"] as in yi èr sān si C"one two three four"]. Jì C"season"] as in chūnjì. qiūjì C"spring season, fall season"]. Qlng means "green."

• A: À! Nà shi si Jì cháng 15.de yìsi.

Ah! So it means "green all year round."

• B: Duì le, Jiù shi yīnvei nèige gōngshè yìnián sìjì dōu shi lade, wōmen cái guln ta Jiào SÌJÌqlng. Nà shi ge xiānjìnde gōngshè. Tā-men Jiù zhōng cài!

• A: Jiù zhōng cài?.' À! Duì le, duì le, suōyl guln zhèige gōngshè Jiào zhuānyèhuà gōngshè.

• B: Ou, wō shuōde "jiù zhong cài" bú shi shuō bāifēnzhī bāi a! Jiù shi

Right. It's precisely because the cojanune is green all year round that we call it SÌJÌqlng. It's an advanced commune. They grow only vegetables.

Only vegetables? Oh! Of course. That's why they call it a specialized commune.

Oh, when I said "only vegetables,” I didn't mean one hundred percent! I

ahu3, càidìde miànji hén di, zhàn gongshi z8ng miànjide bàifēnzhf ql-bǎshí!

• A: Suóyi zhèige xiànjìn gdngshè zhūyàode shēngchàn shi shǔcài!

• B: Duì le, yìdiànr d5u bú cud! Zhèige dà qlngjiào jiù shi cóng nàr láide. DuS mài jlge ba!

• A: Hào, w8 mài yìjln.

mean that the area of their vegetable plots is very large. They make up seventy or eighty percent of the commune's total area!

So the main product of this commune is vegetables!

Right, absolutely correct. These big green peppers are from there.

Buy a bunch of them!

Okay, I’ll take one catty.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3

In the Bàijlng Agricultural Exhibition Center, an American (A) is examining several varieties of rice. He talks vith a worker from the Center (2).

A: Nlmende dàozi plnzhàng h?n duo ma!

• B: Plnzhàng shi bù shào, chànliàng bijiào gàode shi zhèi shíjízhSng.

• A: Tàmende chànliàng zài zhèr ySu méiyou xiàzheT

• B: Xiàzhe ne! Nín xiànzài kàndaode shi Jīngxldào, múchàn yìqiǎn yìbài jin zuSydu.

• A: Ò, zhè jiù shi Q<ǎn.1 Indàode yìzhSng le.

• B: dg. Jlngxldàode tèdiàn jiù shi hào chi. "Qiinjīndào" zhèige míng-cí zuì zào shi zài Jiingnén yd ng, xīknzài Jiàngnín dàozi chànliàng hái shi bijiào gio yixLe.

• A: Duì, Jiàngnén duSbànr shi píng-yuán, méiyou shénme shàndì, shui ydu fàngbian, nóngyè shengchàn fāzhànqilai bijiào ydu tiéojiàn.

• B: Jiù shi ma.' Sudyl Jiāngr.án yìzhí shi w8 guó zhdngyàode nóngyèqū.

You have so many varieties of rice!

Yes, there are a lot of varieties. The ones with the highest yields are these ten or so here.

Are their yields written down here?

Yes. What you're looking at now is Capital-West Rice. It has a per-mu yield of approximately 1,100 catties.

Oh, this is one kind of Thousand-Catty Rice.

Mm. Capital-West Rice is distinguished for being good to eat. The term Thousand-Catty Rice was first used in Jiàngnln Cthe area south of the lover reaches of the Yangtze River!. Today the yield of rice in that area is still comparatively high.

Of course. Jiāngnén is mostly flatlands . There are hardly any hills. Water is convenient, too. The conditions are better for the development of agriculture.

Exactly! That's why Jiāngnén has always been an important agricultural region of our country.

A: Búguò, wō xiāng xiànzài Huǎng He lilac ànda nōngyè shēngchln qíngkuàng ye "bú cud le. Tlngshuó, xiànzài liíngshi méimù píngjūn chXnliàng dōu zài sì-vùbXijīn zuōydu le.

B:   Chàbuduō shi zhèiyang. Wō xiXng

zài gud J Iniin qíngkuàng huì gèng hXo yixiě.

• A: Shíduōniǎn qiǎn vS tlngshuōguo

Shanxi yíge shēngchXn dàduì net chàbuduō quǎn shi shāndì, méiyou jīmú dì shi píngde, kāshi tāmen mèiniǎn y? mai g?i guójiā bù shXo de liíngshi ne!

• B: Xiànzài, zhèiyangde dàduì, gōng

shè bù shXo le. Ching. Jiang. Jiāngnǎn, Huǎng Hé shang xia nXr dōu yōu a!

A: Ng, bú cuò bú cud, Zhǒngguóde nōngyè dà yōu xīwàng!

But I think that now agricultural production is quite good on both sides of the Yellow River. I hear that the average per-mu yield of grain is now around four or five hundred catties.

That’s about the way it is. And I think -that in another few years the situation will be even better.

Ten or so years ago I heard about a production brigade in Shǎnxī that was almost all on hilly land. There were only a few mu of flat land, but they still sold a lot of grain to the state every year!

These days, there are a lot of brigades and communes like that. They’re everywhere—the Yangtze River, Jiāngnǎn, and the Yellow River area.

Mm, great, great. China's agriculture has a great future!

kéyi chī ba?

A: í?g, zhěn bú cud, hān tiǎn, hèn hXo chi.

• C: Lǎi, zài chī yige!

A: Ò, bù néng zài chī le, wǒmen Jiù liǎoliao tiǎnr ba!

C: Hlo a! Nī xiXng liǎo shenme?

A: Nimen nōngchǎngde zúzhi hé rénmín gōngshè yōu hān dàde qubié ma?

C: Yōu. NŌngchXng shi guojiā bànde. Zài nōngchǎng gōngzuòde rén bú shi pútōngde nóngmín, shi nōngyè gōng-ren.

are they?

Mm, they're really good. Very sweet. Delicious.

Here, have another!

Oh, I can't eat any more. Let's just chat!

Sure! What would you like to talk about?

Is there a big difference between the organization of your farm and that of a commune?

Yes. The farm is run by the state. The people who work on the farm aren't ordinary peasants, they're agricultural workers.

A: Ò. Nàae nōngyè gōngren shi ná zhèngftt gōngzīde. Tinen hé nōng-mín hi! yōu shénme bù yíyàngde meiyou?

C: Méiyou shenme. TSmende gōngzuō shi yíyàngde, dōu shi gio nōngyè shéngchln.

• A: Nōngyè gōngrende shōurù bí nōng-mín duō ba?

C: Bù yídìng. Xiànzài yōu zìyōu ahichkng, yìbSnde nōngmínde shōurù dōu bí yíqián duōduō le.

• B: Shì ma?

A: LÍ wōmen nōngchàng bù yuinde dì-fangr yōu yige gōngshè, yíqián, Jì-xièhuà shuīpíng yé bù gio, dàjià xínxīnkùkū gōngzuōle yìnián, gōngshè shōurù bù duō, Jiáli fēnde yí bù duō, shēnghuō zhēn bù rōngyi. Kèshi xiànzài yōule zìyōu shìching tamende qíngkuàng hioduō le, chúle zhōng liángshi yíwài, tamen y? yōule shūcài, shuīguō, shenmede, shōurù yìnián bl yìnián duō a!

A:   Name xiànzài píngjūn méige láo-

dōnglì yìnián kéyi yōu duōshlo xiànjìn shōurù?

• C: PÍngjūnshù wō bú tài zhīdao. WŌ

rènshi yìjlā rén, Jlili yōu dàren xiíoháizi qī-bikōu, yŌu sìge bin láodōnglì. Cōngqián niánnián méiyou shénme xíìnlìn shōurù.

A: Zènme huì méiyou xiànjīn shōurù ne?

C: Yìnián Jiù néng fēn diinr liáng-shi, nir hái yōu shénme xiànjín a!

A: Xiànzài ne?

Oh, so agricultural workers are on government salary.. Are they different in any other ways from peasants?

Not really. Their work is the same. They’re both in agricultural production.

Agricultural workers have higher incomes than peasants, don't they?

Not necessarily. Now, with free markets, most peasants have a much higher income than before.

Is that so?

Not far from our farm there's a commune. In the past, their level of mechanization wasn't high. After everybody had toiled for a whole year, the commune didn't have much income, so each family's allotment wasn't much either. Life was really hard. But now, with free markets, their situation is much better. Besides growing grain, they now also have vegetables, fruits, and so on. Their income is more and more every year.

So how much cash income can a laborer earn per year?

I don't really know the average figure. I know one family with seven or eight adults and children, and four and a half laborers. It used to be that every year they didn't have any cash income.

How could it be that they didn't have any cash income?

In one year they could only get their little allotment of grain. How could they get any cash!

How about now?

C:   Qùnián tǎmen Jiǎ fSnle bǎ-Jiùbài-

kuài qián, hái yǒu yíge háizi shàngle dàxué. NĪ kàn zànmeyàng a?

A: Ng, shi hàodeduǒ le, kàshi vèi-shenme gàibiàn zhème dà ne?

C:   Zhèi Jiù shi xiànzài zhèngfúde

jingji zhèngcè hào a! Jingji zhèngcè gàibiànle, nǒngcūnde shēng-huǒ Jiu hào la! Xiànzài, nèige gǒngshè yǒu yíbàn duo yidiànrde hùr zài yfnhéngli yǒu cúnkuàn. Nl kàn, nà bú shi hàodeduǒ le ma?

A: Nín shuō xiàng nèige gongshè nèi-yangde qíngxing zài quánguǒ shi bu shi hén pttbiàn ne?

C:   Hèn pùbiàn... .Nimen zhèige nǒng-

yè zhuǎnjiǎ dàibiàotuán zǒule nàme duǑ difang, kànle nàme duō nǒng-chàng, gǒngshè, nín Juéde zànme-yàng ne?

• A: Wǒmen xiàng zhèijlnián Zhǒngguō nǒngyède xiàndàihuà shi gàode bú cuò.

• B: Shi ma! WS gǎngcái shuōde nèige gǒngshè yà màile bù shào tuōlǎjī le. Tīngshuō xiànzài rnàige dàduì shívú-tái, tǎmen shuō tǎmen hái xiàng duō mài Jītái na!

A: Hào a! Hào a!

• C: Duì le, wǒmen nǒngchàng dà ménkǒu yǒu hào duō túpiàn, llbian yà yǒu nèige gǒngshède, vǒ dài nīmen kànkan qu!

A: Hào! Zǒu!

Last year their allotment was eight or nine hundred dollars, and one of their children started college. What do you think of that?

Mm, that is much better. But vhy has the change been so great?

That’s because nov the economic policy of the government is good. Since the economic policy changed, life in rural areas has been good. In that commune nov a little over half of the households have bank savings. See, isn't that much better?

Would you say that that commune's situation is very common throughout the country?

Yes, it's very connon....Nov that your delegation of agricultural specialists has been to so many places and seen so many farms and communes, what are your opinions?

We think that in the past fev years, the modernization of China's agriculture has come along very veil.

You bet! That commune that I Just mentioned has bought a lot of tractors. I hear that each brigade nov has fifteen tractors, and they vent to buy even more!

Great, great!

Oh—at the front gate of our farm, there are a lot of pictures, including some of that commune. I'll take you to see them!

Okay! Let's go!

Wànll

zhěn y8u ma?

• 2. A: Tlngahuō. Wànll Chángchéng xiūguo hàojlcì le.

B: Shi, c6ng Qíncháo dào xiànzài yìzhí zài xiū.

• 3. A: Bādállngshangde Chángchéng hloxiang bú shi Qíncháo Jiànzhùde.

B: 5g, ni shuōde duì, shi Ming-chío chōngxln jiànzhùde.

• 4. A: Zài lìshlshang y8u zhème duō cì yòng BliJIng zuò shSudǔ.

B: Na shi ylnwei dìxíng hào.

• 5. A: ZhèizhSng dìxíng bījilo rōngyi fíngbèi blifing líide qlnlúè.

• 6. A: Nimen yōulàn Jìhuàll y8u méiyou ShTsinlíng?

  B:

  
  

W8 zhldao nimen Jiànzhù aōngxuBzhl duì Shísānlíngde dìxià gōngdiàn hln y8u xìngqu, w8men hōutiǎn qù.

I’ve heard that the Great Wall has been repaired a great many times.

Yes, from the Qin Dynasty up until now, there have been repairs all along.

It seems to me that the Great Wall at Bādállng wasn't built during the Qin Dynasty.

Mm, you're right. It was rebuilt .from scratch during the Ming Dynasty.

Throughout history Bíijīng has been used as a capital so many times.

That's because the terrain is good.

This kind of terrain makes it easier to guard against invasion from the north.

Does your sightseeing plan include the Thirteen Tombs?

I know that all of you in architecture and structural engineering are very interested in the underground palaces at the Thirteen Tombs. We'll go the day after tomorrow.

• 7. A: Chúle gfldài Zhōngguō Jiànzhù yìahu yiwài. nimen hái xiXng qù kàn shénme?

B: TIngshuS yōu Jīge jiàotáng y? kii men le. Wōmen xiang qù kànkan.

• 8. A: Wō yào dào Tiān'ānmén qù kànkan. Zuò Jllù gōnggòng qìchě hXo?

• B: Xīngqitiān qìchě kě jì le. Nl zuì hio zōuzhe qu.

• 9. A: Wō hěn xìnshing nimen Jiěfàng ylh8u~gàide Shi Dà Jiànzhù.

• B: Nín tài kèqi le.

• 10. A: Wōmen yljing Juédìng chile fàn yīháu qu mil dōngxi.

• B: Háo. Cōng zhèr chuǎn^uB guXngchXng jiù yōu shāng-diàn le.

• 11. A: Gùgōng yìtiān kàndewán kanbuwán?

B: Yìtiǎn nXr kàndewán!

• 12. A: Shéi qùguo Zhōngguō, shéi jiù huì xiíngzhe ta.

• 13. cháodài

What would you like to go see in addition to ancient Chinese architectural art?

I've heard that there are also some churches which have opened. We would like to go see them.

I want to go see the Gate of Heavenly Peace. What bus should I take?

It's Sunday and buses are really crowded. It would be best to walk.

I really admire the Ten Great Structures you've built since liberation.

You're too polite.¹

We've already decided that after we eat we're going shopping.

Okay, from here cross through the square and there are some stores.

Can you see all of the Imperial Palace in one day?!

How could you see it all in one day?

Whoever goes to China will always think of it.

dynasty

11». The Major Chinese Dynasties

1. A: Wànll Chángeháng zhēn y3u

B: Chángchēng jīngguòle hǎojīge shěng, yígòng yBu yívàn èrqiān 11 cháng.

Is the Great Wall of Ten Thousand Li really ten thousand li long?

The Great Wall goes through many provinces and is altogether twelve thousand li long.

Notes on No. 1

11: A Chinese unit of length, equal to one-half kilometer. Lí. is often used to measure the noun lù ("road," but here meaning simply "walking or riding distance"):

CBng nl jiǎ dào xuēxiào yBu        How many 11 is it from your house

jīlī lù?                            to the school?

The unit of distance 11 is often used in rural areas, but rarely in the city.

Wànll Chángchēng: You learned Chángchēng. "the Great Wall," in the Meeting module. The descriptive term Wànll Chángchēng comes from the fact that the wall is over twelve thousand 11 in total length (approximately 6,700 kilometers).

yBu yívàn 11 cháng: "is ten thousand li long" Use the verb yBu (not shi) in sentences telling or asking length, height, area, time, age, etc. In such sentences, y3u has the special meaning "to attain, to come up to (a certain level)."