WEBVTT

00:00.000 --> 00:04.000
Standard Chinese A Modular Approach

00:04.000 --> 00:08.000
Resource Module on Pronunciation and Romanization, Tape 1

00:08.000 --> 00:12.000
This first tape in the Pronunciation and Romanization series

00:12.000 --> 00:15.000
introduces the four tones of standard Chinese.

00:15.000 --> 00:21.000
To help you focus on the tones, which will probably strike you as one of the most exotic features of Chinese,

00:21.000 --> 00:25.000
this tapes makes use of only the simplest and most obvious consonants and vowels.

00:25.000 --> 00:29.000
The trickier sounds and spellings will be covered systematically in the next four tapes.

00:29.000 --> 00:33.000
Then the sixth tape will take up sequences of tones.

00:33.000 --> 00:37.000
Listen to the four Chinese words which appear in display 1.

00:37.000 --> 00:40.000
They are presented in the traditional order of the four tones.

00:40.000 --> 00:46.000
Ma, Ma, Ma, Ma

00:46.000 --> 00:48.000
Again

00:48.000 --> 00:54.000
Ma, Ma, Ma, Ma

00:54.000 --> 00:57.000
The overwhelming impression to a speaker of English

00:57.000 --> 01:00.000
is that these must be the same words said four different ways.

01:00.000 --> 01:03.000
After all in English we can say Ma

01:03.000 --> 01:06.000
meaning is that you mother or Ma

01:06.000 --> 01:08.000
meaning perhaps it's you mother.

01:08.000 --> 01:12.000
But notice that we'd say that it's the same word in both utterances.

01:12.000 --> 01:16.000
We can make different utterances with different patterns of intonation,

01:16.000 --> 01:18.000
but not different words.

01:18.000 --> 01:22.000
Now listen again to what we said are four different words in Chinese.

01:22.000 --> 01:26.000
Ma, Ma, Ma, Ma

01:26.000 --> 01:28.000
Ma

01:28.000 --> 01:29.000
Again

01:29.000 --> 01:34.000
Ma, Ma, Ma, Ma

01:34.000 --> 01:36.000
To a speaker of Chinese

01:36.000 --> 01:40.000
each of these words is perfectly distinguishable from the others.

01:40.000 --> 01:43.000
The different tones keep them apart just as effectively as in English

01:43.000 --> 01:46.000
different consonants set off Ma from Pa

01:46.000 --> 01:49.000
and different vowels set off Ma from me.

01:49.000 --> 01:52.000
So giving a word a wrong tone can be just as disastrous

01:52.000 --> 01:54.000
as giving it a wrong consonant of all.

01:54.000 --> 01:58.000
If you say Ma when what you meant was Ma

01:58.000 --> 02:01.000
you've said horse instead of mother.

02:01.000 --> 02:05.000
If you look at the display you'll see a visual representation of each tone.

02:05.000 --> 02:08.000
The vertical scale covers about an octave.

02:08.000 --> 02:12.000
Just which octave it is of course depends on the speaker's voice.

02:12.000 --> 02:16.000
This is a somewhat greater range than you normally use in speaking English.

02:16.000 --> 02:19.000
The top of the range will seem slightly too high for comfort

02:19.000 --> 02:21.000
and the bottom slightly too low.

02:21.000 --> 02:24.000
The first tone or high tone word mother

02:24.000 --> 02:27.000
and the third tone or low tone word horse

02:27.000 --> 02:29.000
will let you locate the extremes.

02:29.000 --> 02:30.000
Listen

02:30.000 --> 02:34.000
Ma, Ma

02:34.000 --> 02:38.000
Again mother and horse high versus low

02:38.000 --> 02:41.000
Ma, Ma

02:41.000 --> 02:43.000
The popular notion of the Chinese tones

02:43.000 --> 02:46.000
is that they are like notes on the musical scale

02:46.000 --> 02:49.000
and indeed the distinctive difference between the two tones you just heard

02:49.000 --> 02:51.000
is that one is high and one is low.

02:51.000 --> 02:55.000
But you may have noticed that while the high tone was like a single steady high note

02:55.000 --> 02:59.000
the low tone was lower in the middle than at either end.

02:59.000 --> 03:02.000
For a more dramatic example of such a difference in contour

03:02.000 --> 03:05.000
listen to the second tone or rising tone word hemp

03:05.000 --> 03:09.000
and the fourth tone or falling tone word to scold.

03:09.000 --> 03:12.000
Ma, Ma

03:12.000 --> 03:15.000
Again hemp and to scold.

03:15.000 --> 03:17.000
Rising versus falling

03:17.000 --> 03:20.000
Ma, Ma

03:20.000 --> 03:23.000
You can see the distinctive contours of the tones

03:23.000 --> 03:25.000
and the diagrams of display one

03:25.000 --> 03:28.000
and you can see them suggested in the accent marks

03:28.000 --> 03:30.000
used to indicate the tones of the romanization.

03:30.000 --> 03:34.000
The diagrams also show that the tones differ in length

03:34.000 --> 03:36.000
with the third tone longer than the first and second

03:36.000 --> 03:38.000
and the fourth tone shorter

03:38.000 --> 03:41.000
and that they differ also in their patterns of loudness

03:41.000 --> 03:45.000
as indicated by the varying width of the curves.

03:45.000 --> 03:48.000
Now we're going to take up the tones in their traditional order

03:48.000 --> 03:51.000
by the time we finish we'll have contrasted each tone

03:51.000 --> 03:53.000
with every other tone.

03:53.000 --> 03:55.000
The first tone is called the high tone.

03:55.000 --> 03:57.000
It's pitch is near the top of the speaker's range

03:57.000 --> 03:59.000
and it's contours level

03:59.000 --> 04:01.000
as you can see in the display.

04:01.000 --> 04:05.000
Listen to the high tone word which means mother.

04:05.000 --> 04:11.000
Ma, Ma, Ma

04:11.000 --> 04:14.000
Actually this is not an independent word

04:14.000 --> 04:17.000
it's an element in words such as mama

04:17.000 --> 04:19.000
which means mommy.

04:19.000 --> 04:21.000
By the way the weak second syllable in mama

04:21.000 --> 04:24.000
is not in one of the four tones.

04:24.000 --> 04:27.000
It's said to be toneless or in the neutral tone.

04:27.000 --> 04:29.000
We'll take this up in the sixth tape.

04:29.000 --> 04:32.000
Since we seldom use high level intonation in English

04:32.000 --> 04:36.000
the high tone may strike you as sung rather than spoken.

04:36.000 --> 04:38.000
Try repeating mother after the speaker

04:38.000 --> 04:42.000
taking care to stay on the same high note throughout.

04:42.000 --> 04:48.000
Ma, Ma, Ma

04:48.000 --> 04:51.000
If you're getting it right high and level

04:51.000 --> 04:53.000
it should feel somewhat unnatural.

04:53.000 --> 04:55.000
Try saying the high tone word mother

04:55.000 --> 04:59.000
and then repeat after the speaker.

04:59.000 --> 05:02.000
Ma

05:02.000 --> 05:04.000
Notice that the tone mark in the romanization

05:04.000 --> 05:06.000
suggests the level contour at least

05:06.000 --> 05:08.000
if not the high pitch.

05:08.000 --> 05:10.000
Try saying mother again

05:10.000 --> 05:13.000
and repeat after the speaker.

05:13.000 --> 05:16.000
Ma

05:16.000 --> 05:19.000
The second tone is called the rising tone.

05:19.000 --> 05:21.000
It starts in the middle of your range and almost immediately

05:21.000 --> 05:23.000
rises sharply to the top of your range

05:23.000 --> 05:25.000
as shown in the display.

05:25.000 --> 05:29.000
Listen to the rising tone word which means hemp.

05:29.000 --> 05:36.000
Ma, Ma, Ma

05:36.000 --> 05:38.000
In English if you want to ask

05:38.000 --> 05:40.000
that you mother you can ask

05:40.000 --> 05:43.000
Ma with a rising intonation.

05:43.000 --> 05:45.000
Think of the question Ma

05:45.000 --> 05:47.000
and it may help you pronounce

05:47.000 --> 05:49.000
the rising tone word which means hemp.

05:49.000 --> 05:51.000
But you must remember that it's not a question

05:51.000 --> 05:53.000
and has nothing to do with mother.

05:53.000 --> 05:56.000
Try repeating hemp after the speaker.

05:56.000 --> 06:03.000
Ma, Ma, Ma

06:03.000 --> 06:05.000
Now try saying the rising tone word

06:05.000 --> 06:09.000
to hemp yourself and to repeat.

06:09.000 --> 06:13.000
Ma

06:13.000 --> 06:15.000
Notice that the tone mark in the romanization

06:15.000 --> 06:17.000
rises from left to right in the direction

06:17.000 --> 06:19.000
your eyes are moving as you read.

06:19.000 --> 06:24.000
Try saying hemp again and repeat.

06:24.000 --> 06:28.000
Ma

06:28.000 --> 06:31.000
Now let's compare the high tone with the rising tone.

06:31.000 --> 06:33.000
Both are in the upper part of the pitch range

06:33.000 --> 06:34.000
but the high tone stays level

06:34.000 --> 06:36.000
while the rising tone climbs sharply

06:36.000 --> 06:38.000
starting slightly below the high tone

06:38.000 --> 06:40.000
and reaching the top of the range.

06:40.000 --> 06:43.000
Listen to mother followed by hemp.

06:43.000 --> 06:46.000
Ma, Ma

06:46.000 --> 06:49.000
Again high tone rising tone.

06:49.000 --> 06:53.000
Ma, Ma

06:53.000 --> 06:54.000
Let's turn them around.

06:54.000 --> 06:56.000
Hemp followed by mother.

06:56.000 --> 06:59.000
Ma, Ma

06:59.000 --> 07:02.000
Again rising tone high tone.

07:02.000 --> 07:06.000
Ma, Ma

07:06.000 --> 07:08.000
At the top of exercise one in your workbook

07:08.000 --> 07:11.000
you'll see two romanized surnames.

07:11.000 --> 07:13.000
The high tone surname fang

07:13.000 --> 07:15.000
and the rising tone surname fang.

07:15.000 --> 07:17.000
Remember that these are as distinct

07:17.000 --> 07:19.000
as our Peterson and Patterson.

07:19.000 --> 07:21.000
For each of the numbered items

07:21.000 --> 07:24.000
the speaker will say either fang or fang.

07:24.000 --> 07:26.000
You are to add the appropriate tone mark

07:26.000 --> 07:28.000
to the romanization repeating the name

07:28.000 --> 07:29.000
as you do so.

07:29.000 --> 07:31.000
Then I'll give you the correct answer.

07:31.000 --> 07:33.000
Don't worry if you miss if you at first.

07:33.000 --> 07:35.000
You'll learn as much by being wrong

07:35.000 --> 07:37.000
and finding out that you were wrong

07:37.000 --> 07:38.000
as by being right

07:38.000 --> 07:40.000
and finding out that you were right.

07:40.000 --> 07:41.000
Here we go.

07:41.000 --> 07:43.000
One

07:43.000 --> 07:45.000
Fang

07:45.000 --> 07:46.000
High

07:46.000 --> 07:47.000
Two

07:47.000 --> 07:50.000
Fang

07:50.000 --> 07:51.000
Rising

07:51.000 --> 07:53.000
Three

07:53.000 --> 07:55.000
Fang

07:55.000 --> 07:56.000
Rising

07:56.000 --> 07:58.000
Four

07:58.000 --> 08:00.000
Fang

08:00.000 --> 08:01.000
High

08:01.000 --> 08:03.000
Five

08:03.000 --> 08:05.000
Fang

08:05.000 --> 08:07.000
High

08:07.000 --> 08:09.000
Six

08:09.000 --> 08:11.000
Fang

08:11.000 --> 08:13.000
Rising

08:13.000 --> 08:14.000
Seven

08:14.000 --> 08:17.000
Fang

08:17.000 --> 08:18.000
High

08:18.000 --> 08:19.000
Eight

08:19.000 --> 08:22.000
Fang

08:22.000 --> 08:23.000
High

08:23.000 --> 08:24.000
Nine

08:24.000 --> 08:27.000
Fang

08:27.000 --> 08:28.000
Rising

08:28.000 --> 08:29.000
Ten

08:29.000 --> 08:31.000
Fang

08:31.000 --> 08:33.000
Rising

08:33.000 --> 08:36.000
The third tone is called the low tone.

08:36.000 --> 08:38.000
As you can see in the display

08:38.000 --> 08:40.000
it has a slightly dipping contour.

08:40.000 --> 08:41.000
Starting fairly low

08:41.000 --> 08:43.000
it dips to the very bottom of your range.

08:43.000 --> 08:46.000
You can almost feel and hear its great bottom.

08:46.000 --> 08:48.000
Then it swoops up a bit.

08:48.000 --> 08:49.000
The most important part,

08:49.000 --> 08:50.000
the part to listen for

08:50.000 --> 08:51.000
and the part to emphasize

08:51.000 --> 08:53.000
is the low part in the middle.

08:53.000 --> 08:56.000
Remember also that this is the longest tone.

08:56.000 --> 08:58.000
Listen to the low tone word

08:58.000 --> 09:00.000
which means horse.

09:00.000 --> 09:02.000
Ma

09:02.000 --> 09:04.000
Ma

09:04.000 --> 09:07.000
Ma

09:07.000 --> 09:10.000
This also happens to be a common surname.

09:10.000 --> 09:11.000
Try repeating horse

09:11.000 --> 09:14.000
concentrating on getting as low as you can.

09:14.000 --> 09:17.000
Ma

09:17.000 --> 09:19.000
Ma

09:19.000 --> 09:22.000
Ma

09:22.000 --> 09:24.000
Now try saying the low tone word

09:24.000 --> 09:28.000
or horse yourself and repeat.

09:28.000 --> 09:31.000
Ma

09:31.000 --> 09:32.000
Notice that the tone mark

09:32.000 --> 09:34.000
captures at least the dipping contour

09:34.000 --> 09:36.000
if not the low pitch.

09:36.000 --> 09:40.000
Try saying horse again and repeat.

09:40.000 --> 09:44.000
Ma

09:44.000 --> 09:46.000
It's relatively easy to distinguish between

09:46.000 --> 09:48.000
the high tone and the low tone

09:48.000 --> 09:49.000
since they contrast in contour

09:49.000 --> 09:51.000
as well as in pitch.

09:51.000 --> 09:52.000
The high tone is level

09:52.000 --> 09:53.000
as well as high

09:53.000 --> 09:54.000
and the low tone is dipping

09:54.000 --> 09:56.000
as well as low.

09:56.000 --> 09:57.000
Listen to mother

09:57.000 --> 09:59.000
followed by horse.

09:59.000 --> 10:02.000
Ma

10:02.000 --> 10:05.000
Again high tone low tone.

10:05.000 --> 10:09.000
Ma

10:09.000 --> 10:11.000
Now we'll turn them around.

10:11.000 --> 10:13.000
Horse followed by mother.

10:13.000 --> 10:17.000
Ma

10:17.000 --> 10:20.000
Again low tone high tone.

10:20.000 --> 10:22.000
Ma

10:22.000 --> 10:24.000
Exercise 2

10:24.000 --> 10:25.000
involves distinguishing

10:25.000 --> 10:26.000
the high tone surname

10:26.000 --> 10:27.000
Wei

10:27.000 --> 10:28.000
from the low tone surname

10:28.000 --> 10:29.000
Wei.

10:29.000 --> 10:30.000
You'll see them correctly

10:30.000 --> 10:32.000
romanized above the exercise

10:32.000 --> 10:33.000
with the tone marks

10:33.000 --> 10:34.000
over the vowel e.

10:34.000 --> 10:36.000
Fill in the appropriate tone

10:36.000 --> 10:38.000
marks and repeat as you do so.

10:38.000 --> 10:39.000
One

10:39.000 --> 10:43.000
Wei

10:43.000 --> 10:44.000
Low

10:44.000 --> 10:45.000
Two

10:45.000 --> 10:48.000
Wei

10:48.000 --> 10:49.000
High

10:49.000 --> 10:50.000
Three

10:50.000 --> 10:51.000
Wei

10:51.000 --> 10:53.000
Low

10:53.000 --> 10:55.000
Four

10:55.000 --> 10:58.000
Wei

10:58.000 --> 10:59.000
Low

10:59.000 --> 11:01.000
Five

11:01.000 --> 11:03.000
Wei

11:03.000 --> 11:04.000
High

11:04.000 --> 11:05.000
Six

11:05.000 --> 11:08.000
Wei

11:08.000 --> 11:09.000
Low

11:09.000 --> 11:10.000
Seven

11:10.000 --> 11:13.000
Wei

11:13.000 --> 11:14.000
High

11:14.000 --> 11:15.000
Eight

11:15.000 --> 11:18.000
Wei

11:18.000 --> 11:19.000
High

11:19.000 --> 11:20.000
Nine

11:20.000 --> 11:21.000
Wei

11:22.000 --> 11:23.000
Low

11:23.000 --> 11:24.000
Ten

11:24.000 --> 11:26.000
Wei

11:26.000 --> 11:28.000
High

11:29.000 --> 11:31.000
The contrast between the rising tone

11:31.000 --> 11:33.000
and the low tone is somewhat harder.

11:33.000 --> 11:36.000
In fact, most students find it hardest of all.

11:36.000 --> 11:38.000
One reason is that their starting points

11:38.000 --> 11:40.000
are not too far apart.

11:40.000 --> 11:43.000
And another is that both are rising at the end.

11:43.000 --> 11:45.000
If you start a low tone a bit too high,

11:45.000 --> 11:47.000
then fail to get down to the bottom of the range

11:47.000 --> 11:49.000
and then exaggerate the rising tail,

11:49.000 --> 11:51.000
you've got a rising tone,

11:51.000 --> 11:53.000
and vice versa of course.

11:53.000 --> 11:55.000
The way to keep them straight is to keep your mind fixed

11:55.000 --> 11:57.000
on the features which give them their names.

11:57.000 --> 12:00.000
For the rising tone,think rising.

12:00.000 --> 12:03.000
All the energy goes into reaching the ceiling.

12:03.000 --> 12:06.000
The tone actually gets louder as it rises.

12:06.000 --> 12:08.000
For the low tone,think low.

12:08.000 --> 12:10.000
All the energy goes into reaching the floor.

12:10.000 --> 12:12.000
The rising tail is a tailing off in effort,

12:12.000 --> 12:14.000
if not in loudness.

12:14.000 --> 12:17.000
In fact,the rising tail is completely lost

12:17.000 --> 12:19.000
in certain circumstances

12:19.000 --> 12:21.000
as we'll see in the sixth tape.

12:21.000 --> 12:24.000
Listen to hemp,followed by horse.

12:24.000 --> 12:28.000
Ma.Ma.

12:28.000 --> 12:31.000
Again,rising tone,low tone.

12:31.000 --> 12:34.000
Ma.Ma.

12:34.000 --> 12:36.000
Now the other way around,

12:36.000 --> 12:38.000
horse followed by hemp.

12:38.000 --> 12:42.000
Ma.Ma.

12:42.000 --> 12:45.000
Again,low tone,rising tone.

12:45.000 --> 12:49.000
Ma.Ma.

12:49.000 --> 12:51.000
Now try adding the appropriate tone marks

12:51.000 --> 12:53.000
in exercise three,

12:53.000 --> 12:55.000
which contrasts the rising tone surname

12:55.000 --> 12:59.000
me,with the low tone surname me.

12:59.000 --> 13:01.000
Ask yourself as you repeat each surname

13:01.000 --> 13:04.000
whether your effort is going into making it rise

13:04.000 --> 13:06.000
or into getting it low,

13:06.000 --> 13:08.000
and mark the tone accordingly.

13:08.000 --> 13:09.000
One.

13:09.000 --> 13:11.000
Me.

13:11.000 --> 13:12.000
Low.

13:12.000 --> 13:13.000
Two.

13:13.000 --> 13:16.000
Me.

13:16.000 --> 13:17.000
Rising.

13:17.000 --> 13:18.000
Three.

13:18.000 --> 13:21.000
Me.

13:21.000 --> 13:22.000
Low.

13:22.000 --> 13:23.000
Four.

13:23.000 --> 13:26.000
Me.

13:26.000 --> 13:27.000
Rising.

13:27.000 --> 13:28.000
Five.

13:28.000 --> 13:31.000
Me.

13:31.000 --> 13:32.000
Low.

13:32.000 --> 13:33.000
Six.

13:33.000 --> 13:36.000
Me.

13:36.000 --> 13:37.000
Rising.

13:37.000 --> 13:38.000
Seven.

13:38.000 --> 13:41.000
Me.

13:41.000 --> 13:43.000
Rising.

13:43.000 --> 13:44.000
Eight.

13:44.000 --> 13:47.000
Me.

13:47.000 --> 13:48.000
Low.

13:48.000 --> 13:49.000
Nine.

13:49.000 --> 13:52.000
Me.

13:52.000 --> 13:53.000
Low.

13:53.000 --> 13:54.000
Ten.

13:54.000 --> 13:57.000
Me.

13:57.000 --> 14:00.000
Rising.

14:00.000 --> 14:02.000
You may not have scored so well on this.

14:02.000 --> 14:04.000
Exercise four gives you another crack

14:04.000 --> 14:06.000
at the rising verses low distinction,

14:06.000 --> 14:09.000
with the rising tone surname woo,

14:09.000 --> 14:11.000
the low tone surname woo.

14:11.000 --> 14:14.000
You might find the supplementary clue of length useful.

14:14.000 --> 14:16.000
The low tone is longer.

14:16.000 --> 14:19.000
Mark the tones and repeat as you do so.

14:19.000 --> 14:20.000
One.

14:20.000 --> 14:23.000
Me.

14:23.000 --> 14:24.000
Rising.

14:24.000 --> 14:26.000
Two.

14:26.000 --> 14:29.000
Me.

14:29.000 --> 14:30.000
Rising.

14:30.000 --> 14:31.000
Three.

14:31.000 --> 14:34.000
Me.

14:34.000 --> 14:35.000
Low.

14:35.000 --> 14:36.000
Four.

14:36.000 --> 14:38.000
Me.

14:38.000 --> 14:39.000
Rising.

14:39.000 --> 14:40.000
Five.

14:40.000 --> 14:43.000
Me.

14:43.000 --> 14:44.000
Low.

14:44.000 --> 14:45.000
Six.

14:45.000 --> 14:48.000
Me.

14:48.000 --> 14:49.000
Low.

14:49.000 --> 14:50.000
Seven.

14:50.000 --> 14:53.000
Me.

14:53.000 --> 14:54.000
Low.

14:54.000 --> 14:55.000
Eight.

14:55.000 --> 14:58.000
Me.

14:58.000 --> 14:59.000
Rising.

14:59.000 --> 15:00.000
Nine.

15:00.000 --> 15:03.000
Me.

15:03.000 --> 15:04.000
Rising.

15:04.000 --> 15:05.000
Ten.

15:05.000 --> 15:07.000
Me.

15:07.000 --> 15:10.000
Low.

15:10.000 --> 15:12.000
The fourth tone is called the falling tone.

15:12.000 --> 15:17.000
It is an abrupt drop from the top of your range to the bottom,as the display shows.

15:17.000 --> 15:21.000
Listen to the falling tone word,which means to scold.

15:21.000 --> 15:23.000
Ma.

15:23.000 --> 15:25.000
Ma.

15:25.000 --> 15:27.000
Ma.

15:27.000 --> 15:32.000
Since in English we use a falling intonation at the end of statements and exclamations,

15:32.000 --> 15:36.000
the falling tone sounds declarative or emphatic to us.

15:36.000 --> 15:39.000
Listen to the answers in this English conversation.

15:39.000 --> 15:41.000
Who's mowing the lawn?Ma.

15:41.000 --> 15:44.000
Who is?Ma.

15:44.000 --> 15:50.000
Try repeating the verb to scold,sliding all the way down the scale as fast as you can.

15:50.000 --> 15:57.000
Ma.Ma.Ma.

15:57.000 --> 16:04.000
Now try saying the falling tone word to scold yourself and repeat.

16:04.000 --> 16:05.000
Ma.

16:05.000 --> 16:11.000
Notice that the tone mark drops from left to right in the direction your eyes are moving.

16:11.000 --> 16:18.000
Try saying to scold again and repeat.Ma.

16:18.000 --> 16:27.000
The contrast between the high tone and the falling tone should be clear,since one stays high and one starts high but drops sharply to the bottom.

16:27.000 --> 16:33.000
Exercise five contrast the high tone surname Yin and the falling tone surname Yin.

16:33.000 --> 16:36.000
Repeat the appropriate tone marks and repeat.

16:36.000 --> 16:38.000
One.

16:38.000 --> 16:40.000
Yin.

16:40.000 --> 16:41.000
High.

16:41.000 --> 16:43.000
Two.

16:43.000 --> 16:45.000
Yin.

16:45.000 --> 16:46.000
Falling.

16:46.000 --> 16:48.000
Three.

16:48.000 --> 16:50.000
Yin.

16:50.000 --> 16:51.000
Falling.

16:51.000 --> 16:53.000
Four.

16:53.000 --> 16:56.000
Yin.

16:56.000 --> 16:57.000
Falling.

16:57.000 --> 16:58.000
Five.

16:58.000 --> 17:01.000
Yin.

17:01.000 --> 17:02.000
High.

17:02.000 --> 17:05.000
Yin.

17:05.000 --> 17:06.000
High.

17:06.000 --> 17:07.000
Seven.

17:07.000 --> 17:10.000
Yin.

17:10.000 --> 17:11.000
Falling.

17:11.000 --> 17:12.000
Eight.

17:12.000 --> 17:14.000
Yin.

17:14.000 --> 17:15.000
High.

17:15.000 --> 17:17.000
Nine.

17:17.000 --> 17:20.000
Yin.

17:20.000 --> 17:21.000
High.

17:21.000 --> 17:22.000
Ten.

17:22.000 --> 17:24.000
Yin.

17:24.000 --> 17:26.000
Falling.

17:26.000 --> 17:37.000
As you can see in the display,the rising tone is a mirror image of the falling tone except that the rising tone rises from the middle of your range to the top while the falling tone falls the whole way from top to bottom.

17:37.000 --> 17:42.000
The easiest way to tell them apart is to think of the English question and statement intonations.

17:42.000 --> 17:48.000
But remember that the rising tone has nothing to do with questions and the falling tone has nothing to do with statements.

17:48.000 --> 17:55.000
Exercise six contrast the rising tone surname Lai with the falling tone surname Lai.

17:55.000 --> 17:59.000
Out the appropriate tone marks over the A and repeat.

17:59.000 --> 18:00.000
One.

18:00.000 --> 18:03.000
Lai.

18:03.000 --> 18:04.000
Rising.

18:04.000 --> 18:06.000
Two.

18:06.000 --> 18:08.000
Lai.

18:08.000 --> 18:10.000
Falling.

18:10.000 --> 18:11.000
Three.

18:11.000 --> 18:14.000
Lai.

18:14.000 --> 18:15.000
Falling.

18:15.000 --> 18:17.000
Four.

18:17.000 --> 18:19.000
Lai.

18:19.000 --> 18:21.000
Rising.

18:21.000 --> 18:23.000
Five.

18:23.000 --> 18:24.000
Lai.

18:24.000 --> 18:26.000
Rising.

18:26.000 --> 18:28.000
Six.

18:28.000 --> 18:30.000
Lai.

18:30.000 --> 18:32.000
Falling.

18:32.000 --> 18:33.000
Seven.

18:33.000 --> 18:35.000
Lai.

18:35.000 --> 18:36.000
Rising.

18:36.000 --> 18:38.000
Eight.

18:38.000 --> 18:40.000
Lai.

18:40.000 --> 18:41.000
Falling.

18:41.000 --> 18:43.000
Nine.

18:43.000 --> 18:45.000
Lai.

18:45.000 --> 18:46.000
Falling.

18:46.000 --> 18:48.000
Ten.

18:48.000 --> 18:50.000
Lai.

18:50.000 --> 18:52.000
Rising.

18:52.000 --> 18:57.000
The contrast between the low and falling tones shouldn't present any difficulty.

18:57.000 --> 19:04.000
Just remember that the falling tone drops sharply through your full range while the low tone spends most of its time at the bottom.

19:04.000 --> 19:09.000
It helps that the falling tone is the shortest tone and the low tone is the longest.

19:09.000 --> 19:15.000
Exercise seven contrast the low tone surname Hao with the falling tone surname Hao.

19:15.000 --> 19:19.000
Out the appropriate tone marks over the A and repeat.

19:19.000 --> 19:20.000
One.

19:20.000 --> 19:22.000
Hao.

19:22.000 --> 19:23.000
Low.

19:23.000 --> 19:24.000
Two.

19:24.000 --> 19:27.000
Hao.

19:27.000 --> 19:28.000
Falling.

19:28.000 --> 19:29.000
Three.

19:29.000 --> 19:32.000
Hao.

19:32.000 --> 19:33.000
Falling.

19:33.000 --> 19:34.000
Four.

19:34.000 --> 19:37.000
Hao.

19:37.000 --> 19:38.000
Low.

19:38.000 --> 19:39.000
Five.

19:39.000 --> 19:42.000
Hao.

19:42.000 --> 19:43.000
Falling.

19:43.000 --> 19:44.000
Six.

19:44.000 --> 19:47.000
Hao.

19:47.000 --> 19:48.000
Low.

19:48.000 --> 19:49.000
Seven.

19:49.000 --> 19:51.000
Hao.

19:51.000 --> 19:52.000
Low.

19:52.000 --> 19:54.000
Eight.

19:54.000 --> 19:56.000
Hao.

19:56.000 --> 19:58.000
Falling.

19:58.000 --> 20:10.000
Exercise eight contrast all four tones with the high tone surname Yi,the rising tone surname Yi,the low tone surname Yi,and the falling tone surname Yi.

20:10.000 --> 20:14.000
Fill in the appropriate tone marks and repeat.

20:14.000 --> 20:15.000
One.

20:15.000 --> 20:18.000
Yi.

20:18.000 --> 20:20.000
Two.

20:20.000 --> 20:23.000
Yi.

20:23.000 --> 20:24.000
Rising.

20:24.000 --> 20:25.000
Three.

20:25.000 --> 20:28.000
Yi.

20:28.000 --> 20:29.000
Low.

20:29.000 --> 20:30.000
Four.

20:30.000 --> 20:33.000
Yi.

20:33.000 --> 20:34.000
Falling.

20:34.000 --> 20:35.000
Five.

20:35.000 --> 20:38.000
Yi.

20:38.000 --> 20:39.000
Rising.

20:39.000 --> 20:40.000
Six.

20:40.000 --> 20:43.000
Yi.

20:43.000 --> 20:44.000
Falling.

20:44.000 --> 20:45.000
Seven.

20:45.000 --> 20:47.000
Yi.

20:47.000 --> 20:48.000
High.

20:48.000 --> 20:49.000
Eight.

20:49.000 --> 20:52.000
Yi.

20:52.000 --> 20:53.000
Low.

20:53.000 --> 20:54.000
Nine.

20:54.000 --> 20:56.000
Yi.

20:56.000 --> 20:57.000
Low.

20:57.000 --> 20:58.000
Ten.

20:58.000 --> 21:01.000
Yi.

21:01.000 --> 21:02.000
Rising.

21:02.000 --> 21:04.000
Eleven.

21:04.000 --> 21:06.000
Yi.

21:06.000 --> 21:07.000
Falling.

21:07.000 --> 21:08.000
Twelve.

21:08.000 --> 21:10.000
Yi.

21:10.000 --> 21:11.000
High.

21:11.000 --> 21:13.000
Thirteen.

21:13.000 --> 21:15.000
Yi.

21:15.000 --> 21:17.000
Rising.

21:17.000 --> 21:18.000
Fourteen.

21:18.000 --> 21:20.000
Yi.

21:20.000 --> 21:21.000
High.

21:21.000 --> 21:22.000
Fifteen.

21:22.000 --> 21:25.000
Yi.

21:25.000 --> 21:26.000
Low.

21:26.000 --> 21:27.000
Sixteen.

21:27.000 --> 21:30.000
Yi.

21:30.000 --> 21:31.000
Low.

21:31.000 --> 21:32.000
Seventeen.

21:32.000 --> 21:34.000
Yi.

21:34.000 --> 21:35.000
Falling.

21:35.000 --> 21:37.000
Eighteen.

21:37.000 --> 21:39.000
Yi.

21:39.000 --> 21:40.000
Rising.

21:40.000 --> 21:41.000
Nineteen.

21:41.000 --> 21:44.000
Yi.

21:44.000 --> 21:45.000
Twenty.

21:45.000 --> 21:47.000
Yi.

21:47.000 --> 21:49.000
High.

21:49.000 --> 21:58.000
If you have particular difficulty with any of the exercises, you may want to rewind and redo the exercises, writing your tone marks on a blank sheet of paper.

21:58.000 --> 22:11.000
Also, since the tones are often identified by number rather than by descriptive names we've been using, you might want to go back to the presentation of tones in the traditional order at the beginning of the tape and learn them as a tune.

22:11.000 --> 22:16.000
This is the end of tape one of the resource module on pronunciation and romanization.