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0	10000	Standard Chinese a modular approach, resource module on pronunciation and romanization, Tape 4.
10000	15000	This tape introduces the sounds and spellings of three new consonants and two new vowels.
15000	18000	On the last tape we took up three pairs of affricate consonants.
18000	22000	You can see them in the first two columns of display 1.
22000	25000	Now we're going to take up three fricative consonants,
25000	30000	i.e.continent sounds which consist entirely of friction like s.
30000	33000	They're in the third column of display 1.
33000	37000	Notice that they line up with three tongue positions you learned for the affricates.
37000	40000	Retroflicks with the tongue in the R position,
40000	42000	Palatal with the tongue in the E position,
42000	46000	and dental with the tongue in the S position.
46000	50000	Listen to the speaker read across the rows of display 1.
50000	54000	張,唱,上,
54000	59000	江,牆,香,
59000	64000	藏,藏,藏.
64000	69000	Now listen to the speaker read down the columns of display 1.
69000	74000	張,江,藏,
74000	77000	唱,牆,
77000	84000	藏,上,香,藏.
84000	87000	Listen to the surnames in the third column again.
87000	91000	The ones with the fricative sounds we're going to work on.
91000	97000	上,香,藏.
97000	99000	Again.
99000	103000	上,香,藏.
103000	105000	The first of these fricative sounds,
105000	107000	the one spelled SH,
107000	109000	is rather like our SH sound,
109000	111000	except that the tongue is curled back in the R position.
111000	113000	Listen.
113000	118000	上,上,上.
118000	120000	Try repeating it.
120000	128000	上,上,上.
128000	131000	It's worth noticing that all three retroflex consonants here
131000	133000	are spelled with an H.
133000	136000	ZH,CH, and SH.
136000	138000	Try repeating the first row names after the speaker,
138000	142000	getting your tongue in the R position for each.
142000	149000	張,唱,上.
149000	151000	Again.
151000	159000	張,唱,上.
159000	162000	Now let's move on to the second new consonant.
162000	164000	The fricative is spelled with an X.
164000	166000	Don't be thrown off by the X.
166000	169000	Ears will tell you that it's something like our SH sound again.
169000	171000	It's not quite the same of course.
171000	174000	The tongue is held in a tight E position.
174000	176000	Listen.
176000	181000	上,上,上.
181000	182000	Try repeating it,
182000	187000	spreading your lips wide in a tight grin as you start the syllable.
187000	194000	上,上,上.
194000	197000	It's worth noticing that all three palette of consonants here
197000	200000	come before the semivall spelled I.
200000	202000	In other words,their tongue position anticipates
202000	204000	the tongue position of the semivall.
204000	207000	Try repeating the second row names after the speaker,
207000	211000	getting your tongue into the E position and grinning.
211000	218000	張,唱,上.
218000	220000	Again.
220000	227000	張,唱,上.
227000	229000	Now try repeating the first two names
229000	231000	in the third column after the speaker.
231000	232000	You'll have to shift gears
232000	234000	from retroflex to palatal tongue positions.
234000	236000	Here we go.
236000	240000	上,上.
240000	242000	Again.
242000	246000	上,上.
246000	248000	Now try repeating them in the other order.
248000	251000	E position, R position.
251000	254000	上,上.
254000	256000	Again.
256000	260000	上,上.
260000	262000	Before we go any further,let's run a quick check
262000	264000	on whether you can hear the difference between
264000	266000	the retroflex fricative spelled SH
266000	269000	and the palatal fricative spelled X.
269000	271000	Circle the appropriate romanization
271000	273000	for each name in exercise 1.
273000	276000	Repeating as you do so.
276000	280000	1,上.
280000	281000	Retroflex.
281000	285000	2,上.
285000	286000	Palatal.
286000	290000	3,上.
290000	291000	Palatal.
291000	296000	4,上.
296000	297000	Palatal.
297000	301000	5,上.
301000	302000	Retroflex.
302000	307000	6,上.
307000	308000	Retroflex.
308000	312000	7,上.
312000	313000	Palatal.
313000	317000	8,上.
317000	318000	Retroflex.
318000	323000	9,上.
323000	324000	Palatal.
324000	326000	10,上.
326000	329000	Retroflex.
329000	332000	The last name in the third column of display 1
332000	334000	starts with an honest S.
334000	336000	You may notice that Chinese S
336000	338000	is slightly stronger than English S.
338000	340000	Listen.
340000	345000	上,上,上.
345000	347000	Try repeating it.
347000	355000	上,上,上.
355000	359000	Now try repeating the names across the bottom row.
359000	367000	上,上,上.
367000	368000	Again.
368000	377000	上,上,上.
377000	380000	Now try repeating the names down the third column.
380000	382000	Shifting gears appropriately.
382000	390000	上,上,上.
390000	391000	Again.
391000	399000	上,上,上.
399000	402000	Let's make sure you can tell the three names apart.
402000	404000	Circle the appropriate Romanization
404000	406000	for each name in exercise 2.
406000	408000	Repeating as you do so.
408000	413000	上,上,上.
413000	414000	Retroflex.
414000	418000	2,上.
418000	419000	Palatal.
419000	423000	3,上.
423000	424000	Dental.
424000	428000	4,上.
428000	429000	Palatal.
429000	433000	5,上.
433000	434000	Dental.
434000	437000	6,上.
437000	438000	Retroflex.
438000	442000	7,上.
442000	443000	Dental.
443000	447000	8,上.
447000	448000	Retroflex.
448000	453000	9,上.
453000	454000	Dental.
454000	457000	10,上.
457000	460000	Palatal.
460000	462000	Now try reading the surnames in exercise 3
462000	464000	and repeat.
464000	470000	1,上.
470000	475000	2,向.
475000	481000	3,上.
481000	485000	4,梳.
485000	491000	5,梳.
491000	493000	6,心.
493000	500000	7,梳.
500000	506000	8,小.
506000	511000	9,送.
511000	516000	10,下.
516000	521000	11,梳.
521000	527000	12,神.
527000	530000	Exercise 4 is the same,
530000	533000	but with the 6 Africans mixed in with the 3 Frickitas.
533000	535000	Read and repeat.
535000	541000	1,朝.
541000	546000	2,小.
546000	550000	3,朝.
550000	555000	4,少.
555000	560000	5,瞧.
560000	565000	6,交.
565000	570000	7,朝.
570000	575000	8,梳.
575000	579000	9,左.
579000	586000	10,菜.
586000	592000	11,出.
592000	597000	12,心.
597000	603000	13,臟.
603000	608000	14,除.
608000	613000	15,金.
613000	618000	16,送.
618000	623000	17,交.
623000	629000	18,琴.
629000	639000	19,琴.
639000	644000	19,琴.
644000	649000	19,琴.
649000	654000	19,琴.
654000	659000	19,琴.
659000	664000	19,琴.
664000	669000	19,琴.
669000	674000	19,琴.
674000	679000	19,琴.
679000	683000	19,琴.
683000	688000	19,琴.
688000	693000	19,琴.
693000	698000	19,琴.
698000	703000	19,琴.
703000	708000	19,琴.
708000	712000	19,琴.
712000	717000	19,琴.
717000	722000	19,琴.
722000	727000	19,琴.
727000	732000	19,琴.
732000	737000	19,琴.
737000	741000	19,琴.
741000	746000	19,琴.
746000	751000	19,琴.
751000	756000	19,琴.
756000	761000	19,琴.
761000	766000	19,琴.
766000	770000	19,琴.
770000	775000	19,琴.
775000	780000	19,琴.
780000	785000	19,琴.
785000	790000	19,琴.
790000	795000	19,琴.
795000	799000	19,琴.
799000	804000	19,琴.
804000	809000	19,琴.
809000	814000	19,琴.
814000	819000	19,琴.
819000	824000	19,琴.
824000	828000	19,琴.
858000	881000	9,7,10,4,11,7,12,10.
881000	886000	You already know that one of these vowels written with an i can occur by itself.
886000	891000	It's written yi, but you can't always hear the y as a separate sound.
891000	896000	The prolonged r sound can also occur by itself. It's written ri.
896000	902000	The r merely serving to signal the retroflex pronunciation, not standing for a separate sound.
902000	906000	Display 3 consists of one word, the word for Japan.
906000	911000	Listen for the first syllable, which is nothing but the prolonged r sound.
911000	918000	日本,日本,日本.
918000	920000	Try repeating it.
920000	929000	日本,日本,日本.
929000	934000	The third vowel sound written i, the one in 次, is never pronounced alone,
934000	939000	but always follows a dental affricate or fricative, z, c, or s.
939000	946000	Exercise 6 is another read and repeat exercise with the same three sound values for the letter i.
946000	952000	But it's considerably harder than exercise 5 because it isn't restricted to the fricatives s, h, x, and s.
952000	957000	You have to decide for each consonant whether it is pronounced with the tongue in the r position,
957000	962000	in which case the vowel is r, whether it is in the s position, in which case the vowel is r,
962000	966000	or whether it is neither, in which case the vowel is e.
966000	971000	You've just learned that the letter i stands for the sound e after affricate or fricative consonants
971000	975000	pronounced in the e position,namely j, c, and x.
975000	983000	But remember that you've known for some time that i also stands for e after consonants such as l, m, n, d, and t,
983000	987000	which are neither affricate nor fricative.
987000	993000	In other words,the first value you learned for the letter i,the sound e, is the basic value.
993000	998000	The values after the r position consonants and the s position consonants are exceptions.
998000	1004000	By the way,in exercise 6 we use two fake surnames,which we mark with asterisks.
1004000	1010000	There are such syllables in the language,and they just might be used as abbreviations of foreign surnames.
1010000	1014000	Now,read and repeat the names in exercise 6.
1014000	1042000	1 痴 2 痴 3 痴 4 日 5 期 6
1042000	1071000	7 痴 7 痴 8 痴 9 理 10 痴 11 痴 12
1071000	1098000	痴 13 期 14 痴 15 痴 16 米 17 痴
1098000	1127000	痴 18 痴 19 痴 20 理 21 日 22 死 23
1127000	1142000	痴 24 痴 25 米
1142000	1148000	Exercise 7 is a dictation exercise,which mixes up the fricatives with the affricates.
1148000	1172000	Fill in the blanks and repeat as you do so.
1172000	1199000	張 zh 5 香 x 6 桑 c 7 桑 s 8 桑
1199000	1201000	腰
1201000	1205000	CH9
1205000	1208000	脚
1208000	1211000	J10
1211000	1215000	墙
1215000	1218000	Q11
1218000	1221000	伤
1221000	1225000	SH12
1225000	1228000	脏
1228000	1231000	Z
1231000	1233000	8
1233000	1235000	Vol
1235000	1237000	I
1237000	1239000	Vol
1239000	1241000	U
1241000	1243000	Z
1243000	1255000	I
1255000	1257000	2
1257000	1260000	Z
1260000	1262000	U
1262000	1264000	3
1264000	1267000	7
1267000	1269000	I
1269000	1271000	4
1271000	1274000	車
1274000	1279000	E5
1279000	1283000	SH
1283000	1285000	I6
1285000	1288000	JU
1288000	1291000	U7
1291000	1294000	Li
1294000	1297000	I8
1297000	1301000	車
1301000	1304000	E9
1304000	1308000	Z
1308000	1310000	I10
1310000	1313000	ZU
1313000	1315000	U11
1315000	1318000	吃
1318000	1321000	I12
1321000	1324000	吃
1324000	1327000	I13
1327000	1330000	足
1330000	1333000	U14
1333000	1336000	E
1336000	1340000	I15
1340000	1342000	V
1342000	1365000	I
1365000	1374000	17
1374000	1373000	J15
1373000	1375000	Z
1375000	1377000	11
1377000	1379000	J15
1379000	1381000	J16
1381000	1381000	J17
1381000	1384000	J17
1384000	1384500	J17
1384500	1385000	J17
1385000	1386000	J17
1386000	1387000	J17
1387000	1388000	J17
1388000	1390000	J17
1390000	1391000	J17
1391000	1392000	J17
1392000	1393000	J18
1393000	1394000	J18